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60 relations: Baltic Sea, Belgium, Biochemical oxygen demand, Calcium, Chlorite, Climate change, Dangerous goods, Demography, Directive (European Union), Directorate-General for the Environment, Drainage basin, Drinking water, Drinking water quality standards, EECCA, European Commission, European Environment Agency, European Union, Eurostat, Eutrophication, Groundwater, Hardness, Industrial Revolution, Joint Research Centre, List of water supply and sanitation by country, Magnesium, Mediterranean Sea, Microorganism, Middle Ages, Millennium Development Goals, North Sea, Parameter, Parasitism, Pesticide, Phenols, Phosphate, Population equivalent, Precautionary principle, Protected area, Radioactive decay, Roman aqueduct, Sanitary sewer, Sanitation, Sewage treatment, Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, Wastewater, Water Framework Directive 2000, Water privatisation in England and Wales, Water quality, Water resources, Water safety plan, ..., Water scarcity, Water supply and sanitation in France, Water supply and sanitation in Germany, Water supply and sanitation in Portugal, Water supply and sanitation in Spain, Water supply and sanitation in the Netherlands, Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom, World Health Organization, WSSTP, Zinc. Expand index (10 more) »
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Poland, Germany and the North and Central European Plain.
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Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.
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Biochemical oxygen demand
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD, also called Biological Oxygen Demand) is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed (i.e. demanded) by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Chlorite
The chlorite ion, or chlorine dioxide anion, is.
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Climate change
Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time (i.e., decades to millions of years).
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Dangerous goods
Dangerous goods or hazardous goods are solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment.
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Demography
Demography (from prefix demo- from Ancient Greek δῆμος dēmos meaning "the people", and -graphy from γράφω graphō, implies "writing, description or measurement") is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings.
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Directive (European Union)
A directive is a legal act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result.
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Directorate-General for the Environment
The Directorate-General for Environment (DG Environment) is a Directorate-General of the European Commission, responsible for the European Union policy area of the environment.
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Drainage basin
A drainage basin is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water.
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Drinking water
Drinking water, also known as potable water, is water that is safe to drink or to use for food preparation.
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Drinking water quality standards
Drinking water quality standards describes the quality parameters set for drinking water.
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EECCA
Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) is a block of countries that includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
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European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is an institution of the European Union, responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU.
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European Environment Agency
The European Environment Agency (EEA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent information on the environment, thereby helping those involved in developing, adopting, implementing and evaluating environmental policy, as well as informing the general public.
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European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.
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Eurostat
Eurostat is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in Luxembourg.
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Eutrophication
Eutrophication (from Greek eutrophos, "well-nourished"), or hypertrophication, is when a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients that induce excessive growth of plants and algae.
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Groundwater
Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.
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Hardness
Hardness is a measure of the resistance to localized plastic deformation induced by either mechanical indentation or abrasion.
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Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
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Joint Research Centre
The Joint Research Centre (JRC) is the European Commission's science and knowledge service which employs scientists to carry out research in order to provide independent scientific advice and support to EU policy.
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List of water supply and sanitation by country
This list of water supply and sanitation by country provides information on the status of water supply and sanitation at a national or, in some cases, also regional level.
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Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
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Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.
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Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Millennium Development Goals
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were the eight international development goals for the year 2015 that had been established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration.
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North Sea
The North Sea (Mare Germanicum) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.
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Parameter
A parameter (from the Ancient Greek παρά, para: "beside", "subsidiary"; and μέτρον, metron: "measure"), generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that is useful, or critical, when identifying the system, or when evaluating its performance, status, condition, etc.
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Parasitism
In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
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Pesticide
Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests, including weeds.
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Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
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Phosphate
A phosphate is chemical derivative of phosphoric acid.
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Population equivalent
Population equivalent or unit per capita loading, (PE), in waste-water treatment is the number expressing the ratio of the sum of the pollution load produced during 24 hours by industrial facilities and services to the individual pollution load in household sewage produced by one person in the same time.
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Precautionary principle
The precautionary principle (or precautionary approach) generally defines actions on issues considered to be uncertain, for instance applied in assessing risk management.
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Protected area
Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural, ecological or cultural values.
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Radioactive decay
Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle, beta particle with neutrino or only a neutrino in the case of electron capture, gamma ray, or electron in the case of internal conversion.
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Roman aqueduct
The Romans constructed aqueducts throughout their Empire, to bring water from outside sources into cities and towns.
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Sanitary sewer
A sanitary sewer or "foul sewer" is an underground carriage system specifically for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings through pipes to treatment facilities or disposal.
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Sanitation
Sanitation refers to public health conditions related to clean drinking water and adequate treatment and disposal of human excreta and sewage.
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Sewage treatment
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage.
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Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive
The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive is a 1991 European Union directive concerning urban waste water "collection, treatment and discharge of urban waste water and the treatment and discharge of waste water from certain industrial sectors".
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Wastewater
Wastewater (or waste water) is any water that has been affected by human use.
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Water Framework Directive 2000
The Water Framework Directive is an EU directive which commits European Union member states to achieve good qualitative and quantitative status of all water bodies (including marine waters up to one nautical mile from shore) by 2015.
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Water privatisation in England and Wales
The provision of water and wastewater services in England and Wales was transferred from the state to the private sector in 1989 by the sale of the 10 Regional Water Authorities (RWA).
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Water quality
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, biological, and radiological characteristics of water.
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Water resources
Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful.
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Water safety plan
A water safety plan is a plan to ensure the safety of drinking water through the use of a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer.
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Water scarcity
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet water demand.
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Water supply and sanitation in France
Water supply and sanitation in France is universal and of good quality.
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Water supply and sanitation in Germany
Public water supply and sanitation in Germany is universal and of good quality.
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Water supply and sanitation in Portugal
The Water supply and sanitation services in Portugal have seen important advances in access to services, technologies used and service quality over the past decades (1980s–1990s), partially achieved thanks to important funds from the European Union.
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Water supply and sanitation in Spain
Water supply and sanitation in Spain is characterized by universal access and generally good service quality, while tariffs are among the lowest in the EU.
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Water supply and sanitation in the Netherlands
This article was written in 2008 with some updates in 2012.
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Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom
Public water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom is characterised by universal access and generally good service quality.
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World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.
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WSSTP
WssTP is the Water Supply and Sanitation Technology Platform.
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Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
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Redirects here:
Directive 91/271/EEC, EU water law, EU water policy, Eu water law, Water Supply and Sanitation in the European Union, Water in the European Union.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_European_Union
