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264 relations: Abyssal plain, Abyssal zone, Abyssobrotula galatheae, Acanthonus armatus, Acanthopterygii, Actinopterygii, Adaptation, Albacore, Algal bloom, Ambush predator, Anchovy, Anglerfish, Anotopterus, Antarctic toothfish, Apex predator, Atheriniformes, Atlantic bluefin tuna, Atlantic herring, Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic pomfret, Bait fish, Barracuda, Barracudina, Barreleye, Basking shark, Bathyal zone, Bathypterois grallator, Batoidea, Benthic zone, Benthos, Beryciformes, Bigeye tuna, Billfish, Bioluminescence, Biomass, Black scabbardfish, Black swallower, Blackfin tuna, Blue whiting, Bluefin tuna, Bobtail snipe eel, Bonito, Brachiopod, Brownsnout spookfish, Bullet tuna, Bycatch, Camouflage, Capelin, Carangidae, Carrion, ..., Cetacea, Cetomimidae, Chimaera, Chondrichthyes, Clupeiformes, Coast, Coastal fish, Commercial fishing, Continental margin, Continental shelf, Copepod, Coral reef, Coral reef fish, Coryphaena, Countershading, Cuttlefish, Deep scattering layer, Deep sea, Deep sea fish, Demersal fish, Detritus, Devil fish, Diatom, Diel vertical migration, Dolphin, Ecology, Ecosystem, Edith Widder, Eel, Eelpout, El Niño, Enzyme, European Commission, Exclusive economic zone, Eye, Fangtooth, Filter feeder, Fish, Fish aggregating device, Fish as food, Fish migration, Fish scale, Fish stock, Fisheries acoustics, Fishery, Fishing industry by country, Fishing vessel, Flatfish, Flying fish, Food and Agriculture Organization, Forage fish, Freshwater fish, Game fish, Gill, Gill raker, Gonad, Gonostomatidae, Great barracuda, Greeneye, Grenadiers (fish), Gulf of Mexico, Hadal zone, Hagfish, Halfbeak, Hammerhead shark, Hammerjaw, Haplophryne mollis, Hermaphrodite, Herring, Humboldt Current, Incidental catch, Inner ear, International Union for Conservation of Nature, International waters, Ipnopidae, Irish Sea, IUCN Red List, Jellyfish, Juvenile fish, King mackerel, Kuroshio Current, Lamniformes, Lampriformes, Lancetfish, Lanternfish, Larva, Lateral line, Law of the sea, Little tunny, Littoral zone, Lumpsucker, Mackerel, Mahi-mahi, Mandible, Marine hatchetfish, Marine snow, Marlin, Mesopelagic zone, Metabolism, Microorganism, Mobula, Molidae, Morphology (biology), Neoteny, Neritic zone, North Equatorial Current, North Pacific Current, North Sea, Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, Ocean, Ocean bank, Ocean current, Ocean sunfish, Ocean Tracking Network, Oceanic whitetip shark, Oily fish, Olfaction, Opah, Orange roughy, Osteichthyes, Otolith, Oyashio Current, Pacific bluefin tuna, Pacific hagfish, Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project, Pancake batfish, Patagonian toothfish, Pelagic sediment, Pelagic zone, Perciformes, Peruvian anchoveta, Pheromone, Phosichthyidae, Photic zone, Photophore, Photosynthesis, Phys.org, Phytoplankton, Pilot fish, Piscivore, Plankton, Pomfret, Porbeagle, Predatory fish, Protist, Refuge (ecology), Remora, Requiem shark, Ridgehead, Rod cell, Round ribbontail ray, Sabertooth fish, Saccopharyngiformes, Sailfish, Salmon, Salmonidae, Sardine, Sardinops, Sargassum, Sargassum fish, Saury, Scalloped hammerhead, Science (journal), Scomberesocidae, Scombridae, Scuba diving, Sea turtle, Sea urchin, Seabed, Seabird, Seamount, Secchi disk, Seine fishing, Sexual dimorphism, Shark, Shark fin soup, Shark finning, Shoaling and schooling, Skeleton, Skipjack tuna, Sloane's viperfish, Sonar, Southern bluefin tuna, Spawn (biology), Species diversity, Sprat, Squid, Stingray, Stoplight loosejaw, Surface runoff, Swim bladder, Swordfish, Tagging of Pacific Predators, Telescopefish, TheGuardian.com, Thermocline, Threatened species, Tonne, Trawling, Trophic level, Tuna, Turbidity, U.S. Regional Fishery Management Councils, Unicorn crestfish, United Nations, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Upwelling, Vertebrate, Viperfish, Viviparous brotula, Whale shark, Wild fisheries, Yellowfin tuna, Zooplankton. Expand index (214 more) »
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between and.
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Abyssal zone
The abyssal zone or abyssopelagic zone is a layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean.
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Abyssobrotula galatheae
Abyssobrotula galatheae, is a species of cusk eel in the family Ophidiidae.
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Acanthonus armatus
Acanthonus armatus (bony-eared assfish) is a bathypelagic species of cusk-eel found in tropical and sub-tropical oceans at depths of from.
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Acanthopterygii
Acanthopterygii (meaning "spiny finned one") is a superorder of bony fishes in the class Actinopterygii.
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Actinopterygii
Actinopterygii, or the ray-finned fishes, constitute a class or subclass of the bony fishes.
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Adaptation
In biology, adaptation has three related meanings.
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Albacore
The albacore (Thunnus alalunga), known also as the longfin tuna, is a species of tuna of the order Perciformes.
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Algal bloom
An algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in freshwater or marine water systems, and is recognized by the discoloration in the water from their pigments.
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Ambush predator
Ambush predators or sit-and-wait predators are carnivorous animals or other organisms, such as some nematophagous fungi and carnivorous plants, that capture or trap prey by stealth or by strategy (typically not conscious strategy), rather than by speed or by strength.
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Anchovy
An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the family Engraulidae.
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Anglerfish
Anglerfish are fish of the teleost order Lophiiformes.
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Anotopterus
The daggertooths (genus Anotopterus) are a genus of marine mesopelagic fish in the order Aulopiformes, the sole genus of the family Anotopteridae.
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Antarctic toothfish
Dissostichus mawsoni, the Antarctic toothfish, is a species of cod icefish native to the Southern Ocean.
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Apex predator
An apex predator, also known as an alpha predator or top predator, is a predator at the top of a food chain, with no natural predators.
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Atheriniformes
The Atheriniformes, also known as the silversides, are an order of ray-finned fishes that includes the Old World silversides and several less-familiar families, including the unusual Phallostethidae.
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Atlantic bluefin tuna
The Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) is a species of tuna in the family Scombridae.
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Atlantic herring
Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) is a herring in the family Clupeidae.
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Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about.
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Atlantic pomfret
The Atlantic pomfret or Ray's bream (after naturalist, John Ray) (Brama brama) is a pomfret of the family Bramidae, found in the Atlantic, Indian, and South Pacific Oceans, at depths down to 1,000 m. Its length is between 40 and 100 cm.
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Bait fish
Feeder Goldfish are common baitfish. Bait fish are small fish caught for use as bait to attract large predatory fish, particularly game fish.
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Barracuda
The barracuda is a ray-finned fish known for its large size, fearsome appearance and ferocious behaviour.
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Barracudina
Barracudinas are any member of the marine mesopelagic fish family Paralepididae: 50 or so extant species are found almost worldwide in deep waters.
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Barreleye
Barreleyes, also known as spook fish (a name also applied to several species of chimaera), are small deep-sea argentiniform fish comprising the family Opisthoproctidae found in tropical-to-temperate waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
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Basking shark
The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) is the second-largest living shark, after the whale shark, and one of three plankton-eating shark species, along with the whale shark and megamouth shark.
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Bathyal zone
The bathyal zone or bathypelagic – from Greek βαθύς (bathýs), deep – (also known as midnight zone) is the part of the pelagic zone that extends from a depth of below the ocean surface.
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Bathypterois grallator
The tripodfish or tripod spiderfish, Bathypterois grallator, is a deep-sea benthic fish in the Ipnopidae family found at lower latitudes.
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Batoidea
Batoidea is a superorder of cartilaginous fish commonly known as rays.
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Benthic zone
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers.
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Benthos
Benthos is the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the seabed, also known as the benthic zone.
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Beryciformes
The Beryciformes are a poorly-understood order of carnivorous ray-finned fishes consisting of 7 families, 30 genera, and 161 species.
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Bigeye tuna
Bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus, is an important food fish and prized recreational game fish.
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Billfish
The term billfish refers to a group of predatory fish characterised by prominent bills, or rostra, and by their large size; some are longer than 4 m (13 ft).
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Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism.
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Biomass
Biomass is an industry term for getting energy by burning wood, and other organic matter.
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Black scabbardfish
The black scabbardfish (Aphanopus cargo) is a bathypelagic cutlassfish of the family Trichiuridae found in the Atlantic Ocean between latitudes 69° N and 27° N at depths of between.
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Black swallower
The black swallower, Chiasmodon niger, is a species of deep sea fish in the family Chiasmodontidae.
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Blackfin tuna
The blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus) is the smallest tuna species in the genus Thunnus, generally growing to a maximum of in length and weighing 21 kg (46 lbs).
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Blue whiting
The blue whiting, Micromesistius poutassou, one of the two species in the genus Micromesistius in the cod family, is common in the northeast Atlantic Ocean from Morocco to Iceland and Spitsbergen.
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Bluefin tuna
Bluefin tuna is a common name used to refer to several species of tuna of the genus Thunnus.
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Bobtail snipe eel
The bobtail snipe eels are two species of deep-sea fishes in the family Cyematidae, one only in each of two genera.
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Bonito
Bonitos are a tribe of medium-sized, ray-finned predatory fish in the family Scombridae – a family it shares with the mackerel, tuna, and Spanish mackerel tribes, and also the butterfly kingfish.
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Brachiopod
Brachiopods, phylum Brachiopoda, are a group of lophotrochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs.
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Brownsnout spookfish
The brownsnout spookfish (Dolichopteryx longipes) is a species of barreleye in the family Opisthoproctidae.
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Bullet tuna
The bullet tuna, Auxis rochei, is a species of tuna, in the family Scombridae, found circumglobally in tropical oceans, including the Mediterranean Sea, in open surface waters to depths of 50 m (164 ft).
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Bycatch
Bycatch, in the fishing industry, is a fish or other marine species that is caught unintentionally while catching certain target species and target sizes of fish, crabs etc.
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Camouflage
Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see (crypsis), or by disguising them as something else (mimesis).
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Capelin
The capelin or caplin (Mallotus villosus) is a small forage fish of the smelt family found in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Arctic Oceans.
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Carangidae
The Carangidae are a family of fish which includes the jacks, pompanos, jack mackerels, runners, and scads.
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Carrion
Carrion (from Latin caro, meaning "meat") is the decaying flesh of a dead animal.
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Cetacea
Cetacea are a widely distributed and diverse clade of aquatic mammals that today consists of the whales, dolphins, and porpoises.
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Cetomimidae
Flabby whalefish are small, deep-sea cetomimiform fish of the family Cetomimidae.
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Chimaera
Chimaeras the order Chimaeriformes, known informally as ghost sharks, rat fish (not to be confused with the rattails), spookfish (not to be confused with the true spookfish of the family Opisthoproctidae), or rabbit fish (not to be confused with the family Siganidae).
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Chondrichthyes
Chondrichthyes (from Greek χονδρ- chondr- 'cartilage', ἰχθύς ichthys 'fish') is a class that contains the cartilaginous fishes: they are jawed vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, scales, a heart with its chambers in series, and skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone.
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Clupeiformes
Clupeiformes is the order of ray-finned fish that includes the herring family, Clupeidae, and the anchovy family, Engraulidae.
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Coast
A coastline or a seashore is the area where land meets the sea or ocean, or a line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake.
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Coastal fish
Coastal fish, also called inshore fish or neritic fish, inhabit the sea between the shoreline and the edge of the continental shelf.
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Commercial fishing
Commercial fishing is the activity of catching fish and other seafood for commercial profit, mostly from wild fisheries.
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Continental margin
The continental margin is one of the three major zones of the ocean floor, the other two being deep-ocean basins and mid-ocean ridges.
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Continental shelf
The continental shelf is an underwater landmass which extends from a continent, resulting in an area of relatively shallow water known as a shelf sea.
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Copepod
Copepods (meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in the sea and nearly every freshwater habitat.
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Coral reef
Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals.
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Coral reef fish
Coral reef fish are fish which live amongst or in close relation to coral reefs.
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Coryphaena
Coryphaena is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes known as the dolphinfishes.
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Countershading
Countershading, or Thayer's law, is a method of camouflage in which an animal's coloration is darker on the upper side and lighter on the underside of the body.
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Cuttlefish
Cuttlefish or cuttles are marine animals of the order Sepiida. They belong to the class Cephalopoda, which also includes squid, octopuses, and nautiluses. Cuttlefish have a unique internal shell, the cuttlebone. Despite their name, cuttlefish are not fish but molluscs. Cuttlefish have large, W-shaped pupils, eight arms, and two tentacles furnished with denticulated suckers, with which they secure their prey. They generally range in size from, with the largest species, Sepia apama, reaching in mantle length and over in mass. Cuttlefish eat small molluscs, crabs, shrimp, fish, octopus, worms, and other cuttlefish. Their predators include dolphins, sharks, fish, seals, seabirds, and other cuttlefish. The average life expectancy of a cuttlefish is about one to two years. Recent studies indicate cuttlefish are among the most intelligent invertebrates. (television program) NOVA, PBS, April 3, 2007. Cuttlefish also have one of the largest brain-to-body size ratios of all invertebrates. The 'cuttle' in 'cuttlefish' comes from the Old English name for the species, cudele, which may be cognate with the Old Norse koddi ('cushion') and the Middle Low German Kudel ('rag'). The Greco-Roman world valued the cuttlefish as a source of the unique brown pigment the creature releases from its siphon when it is alarmed. The word for it in both Greek and Latin, sepia, now refers to the reddish-brown color sepia in English.
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Deep scattering layer
The deep scattering layer, sometimes referred to as the sound scattering layer, is a name given to a layer in the ocean consisting of a variety of marine animals.
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Deep sea
The deep sea or deep layer is the lowest layer in the ocean, existing below the thermocline and above the seabed, at a depth of 1000 fathoms (1800 m) or more.
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Deep sea fish
Deep-sea fish are fish that live in the darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea.
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Demersal fish
Demersal fish live and feed on or near the bottom of seas or lakes (the demersal zone).
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Detritus
In biology, detritus is dead particulate organic material (as opposed to dissolved organic material).
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Devil fish
The devil fish or giant devil ray (Mobula mobular) is an endangered species of ray in the family Mobulidae.
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Diatom
Diatoms (diá-tom-os "cut in half", from diá, "through" or "apart"; and the root of tém-n-ō, "I cut".) are a major group of microorganisms found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.
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Diel vertical migration
Diel vertical migration (DVM), also known as diurnal vertical migration, is a pattern of movement used by some organisms, such as copepods, living in the ocean and in lakes.
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Dolphin
Dolphins are a widely distributed and diverse group of aquatic mammals.
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Ecology
Ecology (from οἶκος, "house", or "environment"; -λογία, "study of") is the branch of biology which studies the interactions among organisms and their environment.
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Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving components such as air, water, and mineral soil.
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Edith Widder
Edith Anne "Edie" Widder Smith (born June 11, 1951) is an American oceanographer, marine biologist, and the Co-founder, CEO and Senior Scientist at the Ocean Research & Conservation Association.
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Eel
An eel is any ray-finned fish belonging to the order Anguilliformes, which consists of four suborders, 20 families, 111 genera and about 800 species.
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Eelpout
The eelpouts are the ray-finned fish family Zoarcidae.
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El Niño
El Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (commonly called ENSO) and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific (between approximately the International Date Line and 120°W), including off the Pacific coast of South America.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is an institution of the European Union, responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU.
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Exclusive economic zone
An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.
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Eye
Eyes are organs of the visual system.
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Fangtooth
Fangtooths are beryciform fish of the family Anoplogastridae (sometimes spelled "Anoplogasteridae") that live in the deep sea.
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Filter feeder
Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over a specialized filtering structure.
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Fish
Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.
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Fish aggregating device
A fish aggregating (or aggregation) device (FAD) is a man-made object used to attract ocean going pelagic fish such as marlin, tuna and mahi-mahi (dolphin fish).
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Fish as food
Many species of fish are consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world.
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Fish migration
Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annually or longer, and over distances ranging from a few metres to thousands of kilometres.
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Fish scale
The skin of most fishes is covered with scales, which, in many cases, are animal reflectors or produce animal coloration.
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Fish stock
Fish stocks are subpopulations of a particular species of fish, for which intrinsic parameters (growth, recruitment, mortality and fishing mortality) are traditionally regarded as the significant factors determining the stock's population dynamics, while extrinsic factors (immigration and emigration) are traditionally ignored.
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Fisheries acoustics
Fisheries acoustics includes a range of research and practical application topics using acoustical devices as sensors in aquatic environments.
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Fishery
Generally, a fishery is an entity engaged in raising or harvesting fish which is determined by some authority to be a fishery.
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Fishing industry by country
This page lists the world fisheries production for 2005.
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Fishing vessel
A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.
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Flatfish
A flatfish is a member of the order Pleuronectiformes of ray-finned demersal fishes, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes.
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Flying fish
The Exocoetidae are a family of marine fishes in the order Beloniformes class Actinopterygii.
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Food and Agriculture Organization
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger.
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Forage fish
Forage fish, also called prey fish or bait fish, are small pelagic fish which are preyed on by larger predators for food.
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Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 0.05%.
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Game fish
Game fish are fish pursued by recreational anglers.
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Gill
A gill is a respiratory organ found in many aquatic organisms that extracts dissolved oxygen from water and excretes carbon dioxide.
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Gill raker
Gill rakers in fish are bony or cartilaginous processes that project from the branchial arch (gill arch) and are involved with suspension feeding tiny prey.
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Gonad
A gonad or sex gland or reproductive gland is a mixed gland that produces the gametes (sex cells) and sex hormones of an organism.
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Gonostomatidae
The Gonostomatidae are a family of mesopelagic marine fish, commonly named bristlemouths, lightfishes, or anglemouths.
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Great barracuda
The great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) also known as the giant barracuda, is a common species of barracuda found in subtropical oceans around the world.
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Greeneye
Greeneyes are deep-sea aulopiform marine fishes in the small family Chlorophthalmidae.
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Grenadiers (fish)
Grenadiers or rattails are generally large, brown to black gadiform marine fish of the subfamily Macrourinae, the largest subfamily of the family Macrouridae.
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Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.
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Hadal zone
The hadal zone (named after the realm of Hades, the underworld in Greek mythology), also known as the hadopelagic zone, is the deepest region of the ocean lying within oceanic trenches.
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Hagfish
Hagfish, the class '''Myxini''' (also known as Hyperotreti), are eel-shaped, slime-producing marine fish (occasionally called slime eels).
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Halfbeak
The halfbeaks (family Hemiramphidae) are a geographically widespread and numerically abundant family of epipelagic fish inhabiting warm waters around the world.
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Hammerhead shark
The hammerhead sharks are a group of sharks in the family Sphyrnidae, so named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally extended into a "hammer" shape called a cephalofoil.
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Hammerjaw
The hammerjaw, Omosudis lowii, is a small deep-sea aulopiform fish, found worldwide in tropical and temperate waters to 4,000 m (13,000 ft) depth.
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Haplophryne mollis
The ghostly seadevil or soft leftvent angler, Haplophryne mollis, is a species of anglerfish in the family Linophrynidae and is the only species in the genus Haplophryne.
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Hermaphrodite
In biology, a hermaphrodite is an organism that has complete or partial reproductive organs and produces gametes normally associated with both male and female sexes.
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Herring
Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family Clupeidae.
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Humboldt Current
The Humboldt Current, also called the Peru Current, is a cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north along the western coast of South America.
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Incidental catch
In fishing, incidental catch is that part of the catch which was not originally targeted, but was caught and retained anyway.
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Inner ear
The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear.
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International Union for Conservation of Nature
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
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International waters
The terms international waters or trans-boundary waters apply where any of the following types of bodies of water (or their drainage basins) transcend international boundaries: oceans, large marine ecosystems, enclosed or semi-enclosed regional seas and estuaries, rivers, lakes, groundwater systems (aquifers), and wetlands.
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Ipnopidae
The Ipnopidae (deepsea tripod fishes) are a family of fishes in the order Aulopiformes.
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Irish Sea
The Irish Sea (Muir Éireann / An Mhuir Mheann, Y Keayn Yernagh, Erse Sea, Muir Èireann, Ulster-Scots: Airish Sea, Môr Iwerddon) separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain; linked to the Celtic Sea in the south by St George's Channel, and to the Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland in the north by the Straits of Moyle.
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IUCN Red List
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, has evolved to become the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species.
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Jellyfish
Jellyfish or sea jelly is the informal common name given to the medusa-phase of certain gelatinous members of the subphylum Medusozoa, a major part of the phylum Cnidaria.
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Juvenile fish
Juvenile fish go through various stages between birth and adulthood.
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King mackerel
The king mackerel or kingfish (Scomberomorus cavalla) is a migratory species of mackerel of the western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico.
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Kuroshio Current
The is a north-flowing ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean.
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Lamniformes
The Lamniformes (from the Greek word, Lamna "fish of prey") are an order of sharks commonly known as mackerel sharks (which may also refer specifically to the family Lamnidae).
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Lampriformes
Lampriformes is an order of ray-finned fish.
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Lancetfish
Lancetfishes are large oceanic predatory fishes in the genus Alepisaurus ("scaleless lizard"), the only living genus in the family Alepisauridae.
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Lanternfish
Lanternfishes (or myctophids, from the Greek μυκτήρ myktḗr, "nose" and ophis, "serpent") are small mesopelagic fish of the large family Myctophidae.
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Larva
A larva (plural: larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults.
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Lateral line
The lateral line is a system of sense organs found in aquatic vertebrates, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water.
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Law of the sea
Law of the Sea is a body of international law that concerns the principles and rules by which public entities, especially states, interact in maritime matters, including navigational rights, sea mineral rights, and coastal waters jurisdiction.
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Little tunny
The little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) is the most common tuna in the Atlantic Ocean.
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Littoral zone
The littoral zone is the part of a sea, lake or river that is close to the shore.
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Lumpsucker
Lumpsuckers or lumpfish are mostly small scorpaeniform marine fish of the family Cyclopteridae.
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Mackerel
Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of pelagic fish, mostly, but not exclusively, from the family Scombridae.
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Mahi-mahi
The mahi-mahi or common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is a surface-dwelling ray-finned fish found in off-shore temperate, tropical, and subtropical waters worldwide.
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Mandible
The mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human face.
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Marine hatchetfish
Marine hatchetfishes or deep-sea hatchetfishes are small deep-sea mesopelagic ray-finned fish of the stomiiform subfamily Sternoptychinae.
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Marine snow
In the deep ocean, marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column.
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Marlin
A marlin is a fish from the family Istiophoridae, which includes about 10 species.
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Mesopelagic zone
The mesopelagic (Greek μέσον, middle) (also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone) is that part of the pelagic zone that extends from a depth of 200 to 1000 meters (~660 to 3300 feet) below the ocean surface.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
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Mobula
Mobula is a genus of ray in the family Mobulidae found worldwide in tropical and warm temperate seas.
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Molidae
The Molidae comprise the family of the molas or ocean sunfishes, unusual fish whose bodies come to an end just behind the dorsal and anal fins, giving them a "half-fish" appearance.
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Morphology (biology)
Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
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Neoteny
Neoteny, (also called juvenilization)Montagu, A. (1989).
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Neritic zone
The neritic zone is the relatively shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off of the continental shelf, approximately in depth.
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North Equatorial Current
The North Equatorial Current is a significant Pacific and Atlantic Ocean current that flows east-to-west between about 10° north and 20° north.
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North Pacific Current
The North Pacific Current (sometimes referred to as the North Pacific Drift) is a slow warm water current that flows west-to-east between 30 and 50 degrees north in the Pacific Ocean.
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North Sea
The North Sea (Mare Germanicum) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.
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Norwegian Institute of Marine Research
The Norwegian Institute of Marine Research (Havforskningsinstituttet) is a national consultative research institute which is owned by the Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs.
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Ocean
An ocean (the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere.
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Ocean bank
An ocean bank, sometimes referred to as a fishing bank or simply bank, is a part of the sea which is shallow compared to its surrounding area, such as a shoal or the top of an underwater hill.
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Ocean current
An ocean current is a seasonal directed movement of sea water generated by forces acting upon this mean flow, such as wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbing, temperature and salinity differences, while tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon.
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Ocean sunfish
The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the heaviest known bony fish in the world.
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Ocean Tracking Network
The Ocean Tracking Network is a research effort using implanted acoustic transmitters to study fish migration patterns.
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Oceanic whitetip shark
The oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus), also known as Brown Milbert's sand bar shark, brown shark, nigano shark, oceanic white-tipped whaler and silvertip shark, is a large pelagic requiem shark inhabiting tropical and warm temperate seas.
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Oily fish
Oily fish have oil in their tissues and in the belly cavity around the gut.
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Olfaction
Olfaction is a chemoreception that forms the sense of smell.
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Opah
Opahs (also commonly known as moonfish, sunfish (not to be confused with Molidae), kingfish, redfin ocean pan, and Jerusalem haddock) are large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic lampriform fishes comprising the small family Lampridae (also spelled Lamprididae).
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Orange roughy
The orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus), also known as the red roughy, slimehead and deep sea perch, is a relatively large deep-sea fish belonging to the slimehead family (Trachichthyidae).
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Osteichthyes
Osteichthyes, popularly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse taxonomic group of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue, as opposed to cartilage.
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Otolith
An otolith (ὠτο-, ōto- ear + λῐ́θος, líthos, a stone), also called statoconium or otoconium or statolith, is a calcium carbonate structure in the saccule or utricle of the inner ear, specifically in the vestibular system of vertebrates.
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Oyashio Current
, also known as Oya Siwo, Okhotsk or the Kurile current, is a cold subarctic ocean current that flows south and circulates counterclockwise in the western North Pacific Ocean.
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Pacific bluefin tuna
The Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) is a predatory species of tuna found widely in the northern Pacific Ocean, but it is migratory and also recorded as a visitor to the south Pacific.
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Pacific hagfish
The Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) is a species of hagfish.
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Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project
The Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project (POST) is a field project of the Census of Marine Life that researches the behavior of marine animals through the use of ocean telemetry and data management systems.
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Pancake batfish
The pancake batfish (Halieutichthys aculeatus) belongs to the family Ogcocephalidae of batfishes.
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Patagonian toothfish
The Patagonian toothfish, Dissostichus eleginoides, is a species of cod icefish found in cold waters between depths of in the southern Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans and Southern Ocean on seamounts and continental shelves around most sub-Antarctic islands.
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Pelagic sediment
Pelagic sediment or pelagite is a fine-grained sediment that accumulates as the result of the settling of particles to the floor of the open ocean, far from land.
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Pelagic zone
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean, and can be further divided into regions by depth.
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Perciformes
Perciformes, also called the Percomorpha or Acanthopteri, are the most numerous order of vertebrates, containing about 41% of all bony fish.
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Peruvian anchoveta
The Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) is a species of fish of the anchovy family, Engraulidae, from the Southeast Pacific Ocean.
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Pheromone
A pheromone (from Ancient Greek φέρω phero "to bear" and hormone, from Ancient Greek ὁρμή "impetus") is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species.
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Phosichthyidae
Lightfishes are small stomiiform fishes in the family Phosichthyidae). --> They are very small fishes found in oceans throughout the world: most species grow no longer than 10 cm, while those in the genus Vinciguerria only reach 4 cm or so. They make up for their small size with abundant numbers: Vinciguerria is thought — with the possible exception of Cyclothone — to be the most abundant genus of vertebrates. Deep-sea trawls of the Humboldt Current in the southeast Pacific have found that lightfishes make up 85% by mass of mesopelagic fishes, with Vinciguerria lucetia by far the most numerous species. They are bioluminescent fishes, possessing rows of photophores along their sides, with which they hunt planktonic invertebrates, especially krill.
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Photic zone
The photic zone, euphotic zone (Greek for "well lit": εὖ "well" + φῶς "light"), or sunlight or (sunlit) zone is the uppermost layer of water in a lake or ocean that is exposed to intense sunlight.
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Photophore
A photophore is a glandular organ that appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation).
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Phys.org
Phys.org is a science, research and technology news aggregator where much of the content is republished directly from press releases and news agencies-in a practice known as churnalism.
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Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of oceans, seas and freshwater basin ecosystems.
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Pilot fish
The pilot fish (Naucrates ductor) is a carnivorous fish of the trevally, or jackfish family, Carangidae.
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Piscivore
A piscivore is a carnivorous animal that eats primarily fish.
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Plankton
Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current.
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Pomfret
Pomfrets are perciform fishes belonging to the family Bramidae.
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Porbeagle
The porbeagle (Lamna nasus) is a species of mackerel shark in the family Lamnidae, distributed widely in the cold and temperate marine waters of the North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere.
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Predatory fish
Predatory fish are fish that prey upon other fish or animals.
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Protist
A protist is any eukaryotic organism that has cells with nuclei and is not an animal, plant or fungus.
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Refuge (ecology)
A refuge is a concept in biology and ecology, in which an organism obtains protection from predation by hiding in an area where it is inaccessible or cannot easily be found.
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Remora
The remoras, sometimes called suckerfish, are a family (Echeneidae) of ray-finned fish in the order Perciformes.
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Requiem shark
Requiem sharks are sharks of the family Carcharhinidae in the order Carcharhiniformes, containing migratory, live-bearing sharks of warm seas (sometimes of brackish or fresh water) such as the spinner shark, the blacknose shark, the blacktip shark, the grey reef shark, and the blacktip reef shark.
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Ridgehead
Ridgeheads, also known as bigscales, are a family (Melamphaidae, from the Greek melanos and amphi) of small, deep-sea stephanoberyciform fish.
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Rod cell
Rod cells are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in less intense light than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells.
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Round ribbontail ray
The round ribbontail ray (Taeniura meyeni) is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found throughout the nearshore waters of the tropical Indo-Pacific, as well as off islands in the eastern Pacific.
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Sabertooth fish
Sabertooth or sabretooth fish are small, fierce-looking deep-sea aulopiform fish comprising the family Evermannellidae.
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Saccopharyngiformes
Saccopharyngiformes is an order of unusual ray-finned fish, superficially similar to eels, but with multiple internal differences.
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Sailfish
A sailfish is a fish of the genus Istiophorus of billfish living in colder areas of all the seas of the earth.
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Salmon
Salmon is the common name for several species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae.
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Salmonidae
Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish, the only living family currently placed in the order Salmoniformes.
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Sardine
"Sardine" and "pilchard" are common names used to refer to various small, oily fish in the herring family Clupeidae.
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Sardinops
Sardinops is a monotypic genus of sardines of the family Clupeidae.
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Sargassum
Sargassum is a genus of brown (class Phaeophyceae) macroalgae (seaweed) in the order Fucales.
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Sargassum fish
The sargassum fish, anglerfish, or frog fish, Histrio histrio, is a frogfish of the family Antennariidae, the only species in its genus.
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Saury
The saury (Cololabis adocetus) (not to be confused with the Pacific saury, another species in the genus Cololabis) is a member of the family Scomberesocidae, or the saury family.
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Scalloped hammerhead
The scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family Sphyrnidae.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Scomberesocidae
Sauries are fish of the family Scomberesocidae.
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Scombridae
The Scombridae family of the mackerels, tunas, and bonitos includes many of the most important and familiar food fishes.
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Scuba diving
Scuba diving is a mode of underwater diving where the diver uses a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) which is completely independent of surface supply, to breathe underwater.
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Sea turtle
Sea turtles (superfamily Chelonioidea), sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines.
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Sea urchin
Sea urchins or urchins are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea.
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Seabed
The seabed (also known as the seafloor, sea floor, or ocean floor) is the bottom of the ocean.
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Seabird
Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that are adapted to life within the marine environment.
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Seamount
A seamount is a mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island, islet or cliff-rock.
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Secchi disk
The Secchi disk, as created in 1865 by Angelo Secchi, is a plain white, circular disk in diameter used to measure water transparency or turbidity in bodies of water.
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Seine fishing
Seine fishing (or seine-haul fishing) is a method of fishing that employs a fishing net called a seine, that hangs vertically in the water with its bottom edge held down by weights and its top edge buoyed by floats.
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Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs.
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Shark
Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.
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Shark fin soup
Shark fin soup (or shark's fin soup) is a traditional soup or stewed dish found in Chinese cuisine and Vietnamese cuisine.
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Shark finning
Shark finning is the act of removing fins from sharks, often while the shark is alive.
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Shoaling and schooling
In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons are shoaling (pronounced), and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, they are schooling (pronounced). In common usage, the terms are sometimes used rather loosely.
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Skeleton
The skeleton is the body part that forms the supporting structure of an organism.
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Skipjack tuna
The skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is a medium-sized perciform fish in the tuna family, Scombridae.
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Sloane's viperfish
Sloane’s viperfish, Chauliodus sloani, is a predatory, mesopelagic dragonfish found in deep-pelagic waters across the world.
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Sonar
Sonar (originally an acronym for SOund Navigation And Ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels.
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Southern bluefin tuna
The southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, is a tuna of the family Scombridae found in open southern Hemisphere waters of all the world's oceans mainly between 30°S and 50°S, to nearly 60°S.
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Spawn (biology)
Spawn is the eggs and sperm released or deposited into water by aquatic animals.
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Species diversity
Species diversity is the number of different species that are represented in a given community (a dataset).
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Sprat
A sprat is the common name applied to a group of forage fish belonging to the genus Sprattus in the family Clupeidae.
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Squid
Squid are cephalopods of the two orders Myopsida and Oegopsida, which were formerly regarded as two suborders of the order Teuthida, however recent research shows Teuthida to be paraphyletic.
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Stingray
Stingrays are a group of sea rays, which are cartilaginous fish related to sharks.
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Stoplight loosejaw
The stoplight loosejaws are small, deep-sea dragonfishes of the genus Malacosteus, classified either within the subfamily Malacosteinae of the family Stomiidae, or in the separate family Malacosteidae.
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Surface runoff
Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the Earth's surface.
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Swim bladder
The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming.
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Swordfish
Swordfish (Xiphias gladius), also known as broadbills in some countries, are large, highly migratory, predatory fish characterized by a long, flat bill.
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Tagging of Pacific Predators
Tagging of Pacific Predators (TOPP) began in 2000 as one of many projects formed by Census of Marine Life, an organization whose goal is to help understand and explain the diversity and abundances of the ocean in the past, present, and future.
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Telescopefish
Telescopefish are small, deep-sea aulopiform fish comprising the small family Giganturidae.
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TheGuardian.com
TheGuardian.com, formerly known as Guardian.co.uk and Guardian Unlimited, is a British news and media website owned by the Guardian Media Group.
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Thermocline
A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is a thin but distinct layer in a large body of fluid (e.g. water, such as an ocean or lake) or air (such as an atmosphere) in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below.
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Threatened species
Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants, fungi, etc.) which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future.
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Tonne
The tonne (Non-SI unit, symbol: t), commonly referred to as the metric ton in the United States, is a non-SI metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms;.
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Trawling
Trawling is a method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats.
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Trophic level
The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food chain.
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Tuna
A tuna is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini, a sub-grouping of the mackerel family (Scombridae).
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Turbidity
Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air.
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U.S. Regional Fishery Management Councils
The eight U.S. regional fishery management councils are the primary forums for developing conservation and management measures for U.S. marine fisheries.
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Unicorn crestfish
The unicorn crestfish or unicornfish (Eumecichthys fiski) is a very rare, little-known species of crestfish in the family Lophotidae, and the only member of its genus.
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.
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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place between 1973 and 1982.
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Upwelling
Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water.
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Vertebrate
Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).
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Viperfish
A viperfish is any species of marine fish in the genus Chauliodus.
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Viviparous brotula
The viviparous brotulas form a family, the Bythitidae, of ophidiiform fishes.
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Whale shark
The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is a slow-moving, filter-feeding carpet shark and the largest known extant fish species.
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Wild fisheries
A fishery is an area with an associated fish or aquatic population which is harvested for its commercial value.
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Yellowfin tuna
The yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a species of tuna found in pelagic waters of tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide.
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Zooplankton
Zooplankton are heterotrophic (sometimes detritivorous) plankton.
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Redirects here:
Bathypelagic fish, Deep water fish, Epipelagic fish, Mesopelagic fish, Ocean fish, Oceanic fish, Offshore fish, Surface fish.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_fish
