House of Valois

The House of Valois was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. ^[1]

Absolute monarchy in France

Absolute monarchy in France slowly emerged in the 16th century and became firmly established during the 17th century.

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Alexandre Dumas

Alexandre Dumas (born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie; 24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas, père ("father"), was a French writer.

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Ambroise Paré

Ambroise Paré (c. 1510 – 20 December 1590) was a French barber surgeon who served in that role for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III.

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The Ancien Régime (French for "old regime") was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France from the Late Middle Ages (circa 15th century) until 1789, when hereditary monarchy and the feudal system of French nobility were abolished by the.

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André Beauneveu

André Beauneveu (born c. 1335 in Valenciennes, died c.1400 in Bourges) was an Early Netherlandish sculptor and painter, born in the County of Hainaut (Valenciennes is today in France), who is best known for his work in the service of the French King Charles V, and of the Valois Duke, Jean de Berry.

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Angoulême

Angoulême (Poitevin-Saintongeais: Engoulaeme; Engoleime) is a commune, the capital of the Charente department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.

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Anjou

Anjou (Andegavia) is a historical province of France straddling the lower Loire River.

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Anne d'Alençon

Anne d'Alençon (Italian: Anna d'Alençon) (30 October 1492 – 18 October 1562), Lady of La Guerche, was a French noblewoman and a Marquise of Montferrat as the wife of William IX, Marquis of Montferrat.

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Anne of Burgundy

Anne of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford (Anne de Bourgogne) (30 September 1404 – 14 November 1432) was a daughter of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy (1371–1419) and his wife Margaret of Bavaria (1363–1423).

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Anne of France

Anne of France (or Anne de Beaujeu; 3 April 146114 November 1522) was a French princess and regent, the eldest daughter of Louis XI by Charlotte of Savoy.

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Anthony, bastard of Burgundy

Antoine de Bourgogne (1421 – 5 May 1504), known to his contemporaries as the Bastard of Burgundy or Le grand bâtard ("the Grand Bastard"), was the natural son (and second child) of Philip III, Duke of Burgundy, and one of his mistresses, Jeanne de Presle.

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Anthony, Duke of Brabant

Anthony, Duke of Brabant, also known as Antoine de Brabant, Antoine de Bourgogne and Anthony of Burgundy (August 1384 – 25 October 1415, at the battle of Agincourt), was Duke of Brabant, Lothier and Limburg.

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Antoine Caron

Antoine Caron (1521–1599) was a French master glassmaker, illustrator, Northern Mannerist painter and a product of the School of Fontainebleau.

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Apocalypse Tapestry

The Apocalypse Tapestry is a large medieval French set of tapestries commissioned by Louis I, the Duke of Anjou, and produced between 1377 and 1382.

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Appanage

An appanage or apanage (pronounced) or apanage is the grant of an estate, title, office, or other thing of value to a younger male child of a sovereign, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture.

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Ardèche

Ardèche (Occitan and Arpitan: Ardecha) is a département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France.

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Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War

The Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War was a conflict between two cadet branches of the French royal family — the House of Orléans (Armagnac faction) and the House of Burgundy (Burgundian faction) from 1407 to 1435.

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Arthur III, Duke of Brittany

Arthur III of Brittany (Arzhur III) (24 August 139326 December 1458), known as the Justicier and more commonly as Arthur de Richemont, briefly reigned as Duke from 1457 until his death.

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Aumont family

The family of Aumont is a French noble house which takes its name from Aumont, a small commune in the department of the Somme.

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Étienne Dumonstier

Étienne Dumonstier, also Nicholas Denizot, (1540–1603) was a French Renaissance portrait painter.

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Bal des Ardents

The Bal des Ardents (Ball of the Burning Men) or Bal des Sauvages (Ball of the Wild Men) was a masquerade ballSources vary whether the event was a masquerade or a masque.

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Barthélemy d'Eyck

Barthélemy d'Eyck, van Eyck or d' Eyck (1420 – after 1470), was an Early Netherlandish artist who worked in France and probably in Burgundy as a painter and manuscript illuminator.

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Basilica of St Denis

The Basilica of Saint Denis (Basilique royale de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is a large medieval abbey church in the city of Saint-Denis, now a northern suburb of Paris.

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Battle of Araviana

The Battle of Araviana was a cavalry action fought during the War of the Two Peters on 22 September 1359.

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Battle of Barcelona (1359)

The Battle of Barcelona (June 9–11, 1359) was a naval engagement fought in the coastal region of Barcelona, Spain, between the navies of the Crowns of Aragon and Castile, during the War of the Two Peters.

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Battle of Fornovo

The Battle of Fornovo took place southwest of the city of Parma on 6 July 1495.

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Bindo Altoviti

Bindo Altoviti of the House of Altoviti was one of the most influential papal banker of his generation and patron to the arts cultivating close friendships with artists as Vasari, Cellini, Raphael and Michelangelo His father was Antonio Altoviti was the papal Master of the Mint and his mother La Papessa Dianora Altoviti, niece of Giambattista Cabo, Pope Innocent VIII.

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Bishopric of Metz

The Bishopric of Metz was a prince-bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Black Death in England

The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348.

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Blanche of Navarre, Queen of France

Blanche of Navarre (Blanche d'Évreux; 1330 – 5 October 1398) was Queen of France as the wife of King Philip VI.

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Blanche of Valois

Blanche of Valois (baptised Marguerite; 1317–1348) was a Queen consort of Germany and Bohemia by her marriage to King and later Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV.

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Bonne of Berry

Bonne of Berry (1362/1365 – 30 December 1435) was the daughter of John, Duke of Berry, and Joanna of Armagnac.

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Book of hours

The book of hours is a Christian devotional book popular in the Middle Ages.

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Bourbon family tree

This is a simplified family tree of the House of Bourbon.

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Bourbon-Vendôme

The House of Bourbon-Vendôme referred to two branches of the House of Bourbon.

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Braque Triptych

The Braque Triptych (or the Braque Family Triptych) is a c. 1452 oil-on-oak altarpiece by the Early Netherlandish painter Rogier van der Weyden.

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Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium.

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Burgundian Netherlands

In the history of the Low Countries, the Burgundian Netherlands (Pays-Bas Bourguignons., Bourgondische Nederlanden, Burgundeschen Nidderlanden, Bas Payis borguignons) were a number of Imperial and French fiefs ruled in personal union by the House of Valois-Burgundy and their Habsburg heirs in the period from 1384 to 1482.

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Burgundian School

The Burgundian School was a group of composers active in the 15th century in what is now northern and eastern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, centered on the court of the Dukes of Burgundy.

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Burgundy wine

Burgundy wine (Bourgogne or vin de Bourgogne) is wine made in the Burgundy region in eastern France, in the valleys and slopes west of the Saône, a tributary of the Rhône.

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Cadet branch

In history and heraldry, a cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch or patriarch's younger sons (cadets).

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Canal de l'Ourcq

The Canal de l'Ourcq is a 108.1 km (67.2 mi) long canal of in the Île-de-France region (greater Paris) with 10 locks.

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Canaveri

Canaveri is an Italian and French surname, its etymology comes from the canapa or chanvre (hemp), an abundant product in ancient times in the regions of the Canavese (Italy) and Chennevières (France).

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Capetian dynasty

The Capetian dynasty, also known as the House of France, is a dynasty of Frankish origin, founded by Hugh Capet.

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Capetian House of Anjou

The Capetian House of Anjou was a royal house and cadet branch of the direct French House of Capet, part of the Capetian dynasty.

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Capetian House of Courtenay

The Capetian House of Courtenay, also known simply as the House of Courtenay, was a royal house and cadet branch of the direct House of Capet.

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Catherine de' Medici

Catherine de Medici (Italian: Caterina de Medici,; French: Catherine de Médicis,; 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589), daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici and Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne, was an Italian noblewoman who was queen of France from 1547 until 1559, by marriage to King Henry II.

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Catherine de' Medici's building projects

Catherine de' Medici's building projects included the Valois chapel at Saint-Denis, the Tuileries Palace, and the Hôtel de la Reine in Paris, and extensions to the château of Chenonceau, near Blois.

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Catherine de' Medici's court festivals

Catherine de' Medici's court festivals were a series of lavish and spectacular entertainments, sometimes called magnificences, laid on by Catherine de' Medici, the queen consort of France from 1547 to 1559 and queen mother from 1559 until her death in 1589.

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Catherine de' Medici's patronage of the arts

Catherine de' Medici's patronage of the arts made a significant contribution to the French Renaissance.

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Catherine II, Latin Empress

Catherine II, also Catherine of Valois or Catherine of Taranto (before 15 April 1303 – October 1346), was the recognised Latin Empress of Constantinople from 1307–1346, although she lived in exile and only had authority over Crusader States in Greece.

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Catherine of Alençon

Catherine d'Alençon (bef.1396 – 22 June 1462 in Paris) was a younger daughter of Peter II of Alençon and his wife Marie Chamaillart, Viscountess of Beaumont-au-Maine.

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Catherine of France, Countess of Charolais

Catherine of France (1428 – 13 July 1446) was a French princess and a countess of Charolais, the first spouse to Charles I, Duke of Burgundy.

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Catherine of France, Countess of Montpensier

Catherine of France (4 February 1378 – November 1388) was the youngest child of Charles V of France and Joanna of Bourbon, who were cousins.

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Catherine of Hungary (1370–1378)

Catherine of Hungary (Katalin, Katarzyna; July 1370 – May 1378), a member of the Capetian House of Anjou, was heir presumptive to the thrones of Hungary and Poland as eldest child of King Louis the Great and his second wife, Elizabeth of Bosnia.

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Catherine of Navarre

Catherine (Katalina) (1468 – 12 February 1517), Queen of Navarre, reigned from 1483 until 1517.

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Catherine of Valois

Catherine of Valois (27 October 1401 – 3 January 1437) was the queen consort of England from 1420 until 1422.

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Cerisy-la-Forêt

Cerisy-la-Forêt is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.

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Champmol

The Chartreuse de Champmol, formally the Chartreuse de la Sainte-Trinité de Champmol, was a Carthusian monastery on the outskirts of Dijon, which is now in France, but in the 15th century was the capital of the Duchy of Burgundy.

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Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes

Charles d'Albert, Duke of Luynes (5 August 1578 – Longueville, 15 December 1621) was French courtier and a favourite of Louis XIII, by whom he was made a Peer and Constable of France before dying at the height of his influence.

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Charles de Bourbon (cardinal)

Charles de Bourbon (22 September 1523 – 9 May 1590) was a French cardinal.

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Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulême

Charles de Valois (28 April 1573 – 24 September 1650) was a French royal bastard, count of Auvergne, duke of Angoulême, and memoirist.

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Charles I, Count of Nevers

Charles I, Count of Nevers (1414 – 25 May 1464), Count of Nevers and Rethel, was the son of Philip II, Count of Nevers, and Bonne of Artois.

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Charles II de Valois, Duke of Orléans

Charles II of Orléans (22 January 1522 – 9 September 1545) was the third son of Francis I and Claude of France.

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Charles III, Duke of Bourbon

Charles III, Duke of Bourbon (17 February 1490 – 6 May 1527) was a French military leader, the Count of Montpensier, Clermont and Auvergne, and Dauphin of Auvergne from 1501 to 1523, then Duke of Bourbon and Auvergne, Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, Forez and La Marche, and Lord of Beaujeu from 1505 to 1521.

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Charles IV of France

Charles IVIn the standard numbering of French Kings, which dates to the reign of Charlemagne, he is actually the fifth such king to rule France, following Charlemagne (Charles the Great), Charles the Bald, Charles the Fat, and Charles the Simple.

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Charles IX of France

Charles IX (27 June 1550 – 30 May 1574) was a French monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1560 until his death from tuberculosis.

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Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France

Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France (Charles Orland, Dauphin de France) (11 October 1492 – 16 December 1495) was the eldest son and heir of Charles VIII of France and Anne of Brittany.

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Charles the Bold

Charles the Bold (also translated as Charles the Reckless).

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Charles V of France

Charles V (21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380), called "the Wise" (le Sage; Sapiens), was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1364 to his death.

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Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V (Carlos; Karl; Carlo; Karel; Carolus; 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506.

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Charles VI of France

Charles VI (3 December 1368 – 21 October 1422), called the Beloved (le Bien-Aimé) and the Mad (le Fol or le Fou), was King of France for 42 years from 1380 to his death in 1422.

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Charles VII of France

Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461), called the Victorious (le Victorieux)Charles VII, King of France, Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War, ed.

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Charles VIII of France

Charles VIII, called the Affable, l'Affable (30 June 1470 – 7 April 1498), was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498.

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Charles, Count of Angoulême

Charles d'Orléans (1459 – 1 January 1496) was the Count of Angoulême from 1467 until his death.

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Charles, Count of Valois

Charles of Valois (12 March 1270 – 16 December 1325), the third son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon, was a member of the House of Capet and founder of the House of Valois, whose rule over France would start in 1328.

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Charles, Duke of Berry (1446–1472)

Charles (Charles de France; 26 December 1446 – 24 May 1472), Duke of Berry, later Duke of Normandy and Duke of Aquitaine, was a son of Charles VII, King of France.

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Charles, Duke of Orléans

Charles of Orléans (24 November 1394 – 5 January 1465) was Duke of Orléans from 1407, following the murder of his father, Louis I, Duke of Orléans, on the orders of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy.

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Charlotte Catherine de La Trémoille

Charlotte Catherine de La Trémoïlle (1568 – 29 August 1629) was a French noblewoman and, by marriage, Princess of Condé.

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Charlotte of France

Charlotte of France (23 October 1516 – 18 September 1524) was the second child and second daughter of King Francis I and his wife Claude.

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Charlotte of Savoy

Charlotte of Savoy (c. 1441/3 – 1 December 1483) was queen of France as the second spouse of Louis XI.

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Château d'Angoulême

The Château d'Angoulême was a castle in the town of Angoulême, in the Charente département of France.

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Château de Germolles

Château de Germolles is situated in Burgundy, not far from Beaune and Chalon-sur-Saône.

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Château de Vincennes

The Château de Vincennes is a massive 14th and 17th century French royal fortress in the town of Vincennes, to the east of Paris, now a suburb of the metropolis.

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Church of Our Lady, Bruges

The Church of Our Lady (Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk) in Bruges, Belgium, dates mainly from the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries.

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Claude of France

Claude of France (13 October 1499 – 20 July 1524) was a queen consort of France by marriage to Francis I. She was also ruling Duchess of Brittany from 1514.

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Claude of France (1547–1575)

Claude of France (12 November 1547, Fontainebleau – 21 February 1575, Nancy) was a French Princess as the second daughter of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici, and Duchess consort of Lorraine by marriage to Charles III, Duke of Lorraine.

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Clément Marot

Clément Marot (23 November 1496 – 12 September 1544) was a French poet of the Renaissance period.

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Conciergerie

The Conciergerie is a building in Paris, France, located on the west of the Île de la Cité (literally "Island of the City"), formerly a prison but presently used mostly for law courts.

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Coullemelle

Coullemelle is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Count of Évreux

The Count of Évreux was a French noble title and was named for the county of Évreux in Normandy.

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Count of Diois

Count of Diois / Dyois is a title of nobility, originally in French peerage.

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Countess of Évreux

No description.

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Countess of Dreux

This article is of the Countesses of Dreux; the consorts of the French counts of Dreux.

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Countess of Eu

This is a list of the countesses of Eu, a French fief in the Middle Ages.

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Countess of Foix

No description.

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Countess of Holland

During the 'foreign rule' by Burgundy and Habsburg, the county was governed by a stadtholder in name of the count.

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Counts and dukes of Alençon

Several counts and then royal dukes of Alençon have figured in French history.

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Counts and dukes of Anjou

The Count of Anjou was the ruler of the county of Anjou, first granted by Charles the Bald in the 9th century to Robert the Strong.

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Counts and dukes of Valois

The Valois, originally pagus valensis, was a region in the valley of the Oise river in Picardy in the north of France.

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Counts of Blois

The County of Blois was originally centred on Blois, south of Paris, France.

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Counts of Dreux

The Counts of Dreux were a noble family of France, who took their title from the chief stronghold of their domain, the château of Dreux, which lies near the boundary between Normandy and the Île-de-France.

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Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques

The Couvent Saint-Jacques, Grand couvent des Jacobins or Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques was a Dominican monastery on rue Saint-Jacques in Paris.

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Crown of Aragon

The Crown of Aragon (Corona d'Aragón, Corona d'Aragó, Corona de Aragón),Corona d'AragónCorona AragonumCorona de Aragón) also referred by some modern historians as Catalanoaragonese Crown (Corona catalanoaragonesa) or Catalan-Aragonese Confederation (Confederació catalanoaragonesa) was a composite monarchy, also nowadays referred to as a confederation of individual polities or kingdoms ruled by one king, with a personal and dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona. At the height of its power in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a thalassocracy (a state with primarily maritime realms) controlling a large portion of present-day eastern Spain, parts of what is now southern France, and a Mediterranean "empire" which included the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta, Southern Italy (from 1442) and parts of Greece (until 1388). The component realms of the Crown were not united politically except at the level of the king, who ruled over each autonomous polity according to its own laws, raising funds under each tax structure, dealing separately with each Corts or Cortes. Put in contemporary terms, it has sometimes been considered that the different lands of the Crown of Aragon (mainly the Kingdom of Aragon, the Principality of Catalonia and the Kingdom of Valencia) functioned more as a confederation than as a single kingdom. In this sense, the larger Crown of Aragon must not be confused with one of its constituent parts, the Kingdom of Aragon, from which it takes its name. In 1469, a new dynastic familial union of the Crown of Aragon with the Crown of Castile by the Catholic Monarchs, joining what contemporaries referred to as "the Spains" led to what would become the Kingdom of Spain under King Philip II. The Crown existed until it was abolished by the Nueva Planta decrees issued by King Philip V in 1716 as a consequence of the defeat of Archduke Charles (as Charles III of Aragon) in the War of the Spanish Succession.

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Descendants of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici

Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici were married on October 28, 1533, and their marriage produced ten children.

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Descendants of Henry IV of France

Henry IV of France was the first Bourbon king of France.

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Diane de France

Diane de France, suo jure Duchess of Angoulême (25 July 1538 – 11 January 1619) was the natural (illegitimate) daughter of Henry II, King of France, and his Piedmontese mistress Filippa Duci.

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Diego de Guevara

Don Diego de Guevara (1450–1520) was a Spanish courtier and ambassador who served four, possibly five, successive Dukes of Burgundy, spanning the Valois and Habsburg dynasties, mostly in the Low Countries.

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Don Carlos

Don Carlos is a five-act grand opera composed by Giuseppe Verdi to a French-language libretto by Joseph Méry and Camille du Locle, based on the dramatic play Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien (Don Carlos, Infante of Spain) by Friedrich Schiller.

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Dual monarchy of England and France

The dual monarchy of England and France existed during the latter phase of the Hundred Years' War when Charles VII of France and Henry VI of England disputed the succession to the throne of France.

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Duchess of Brabant (by marriage)

*For the a Duchess of Brabant suo jure see Duke of Brabant The Duchess of Brabant refers to a woman married to the Duke of Brabant or a Duchess of Brabant suo jure.

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Duchess of Calabria

Duchess of Calabria was the traditional title of the wife of the heir apparent of the Kingdom of Naples after the accession of Robert of Naples.

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Duchess of Limburg

No description.

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Duchess of Longueville

No description.

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Duchess of Normandy

The Duchess of Normandy was the ruler or sub-ruler of the Duchy of Normandy.

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Duchess of Vendôme

Vendome.

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Duchy of Aquitaine

The Duchy of Aquitaine (Ducat d'Aquitània,, Duché d'Aquitaine) was a historical fiefdom in western, central and southern areas of present-day France to the south of the Loire River, although its extent, as well as its name, fluctuated greatly over the centuries, at times comprising much of what is now southwestern France (Gascony) and central France.

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Duchy of Burgundy

The Duchy of Burgundy (Ducatus Burgundiae; Duché de Bourgogne) emerged in the 9th century as one of the successors of the ancient Kingdom of the Burgundians, which after its conquest in 532 had formed a constituent part of the Frankish Empire.

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Duke of Aquitaine

The Duke of Aquitaine (Duc d'Aquitània, Duc d'Aquitaine) was the ruler of the ancient region of Aquitaine (not to be confused with modern-day Aquitaine) under the supremacy of Frankish, English, and later French kings.

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Duke of Berry

The title of Duke of Berry (Duc de Berry) or Duchess of Berry (Duchesse de Berry) in the French nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family.

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Duke of Brabant

The Duke of Brabant was formally the ruler of the Duchy of Brabant since 1183/1184.

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Duke of Chartres

Originally, the Duchy of Chartres (duché de Chartres) was the comté de Chartres, a County.

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Duke of Fronsac

Duke of Fronsac (French: duc de Fronsac) was a title of French nobility, first created by promoting the seigneurie of Fronsac to a duchy in 1608, but the title became extinct a few decades later.

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Duke of Luynes

The Duke of Luynes is a territorial name belonging to the noble French house d'Albert.

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Duke of Normandy

In the Middle Ages, the Duke of Normandy was the ruler of the Duchy of Normandy in north-western France.

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Dunstable Swan Jewel

The Dunstable Swan Jewel is a gold and enamel brooch in the form of a swan made in England or France in about 1400 and now in the British Museum, where it is on display in Room 40.

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Dynastic union

A dynastic union is a kind of federation with only two different states that are governed by the same dynasty, while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct.

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Dynasty

A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,Oxford English Dictionary, "dynasty, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897.

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Early modern Europe

Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century.

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Early modern France

The Kingdom of France in the early modern period, from the Renaissance (circa 1500–1550) to the Revolution (1789–1804), was a monarchy ruled by the House of Bourbon (a Capetian cadet branch).

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Early modern period

The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era.

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Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset

Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, KG (1406 – 22 May 1455), was an English nobleman and an important figure in the Wars of the Roses and in the Hundred Years' War.

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Edward of Angoulême

Edward of Angoulême (27 January 1365 – September 1370) was second in line to the throne of the Kingdom of England and heir to the Earldom of Kent and the elder brother of Richard of Bordeaux (later King Richard II).

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Elisabeth of Valois

Elisabeth of Valois (Isabel de Valois; Élisabeth de France) (2 April 1545 – 3 October 1568) was a Spanish queen consort as the third spouse of Philip II of Spain.

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Elizabeth I of England

Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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English claims to the French throne

From the 1340s to the 19th century, excluding two brief intervals in the 1360s and the 1420s, the kings and queens of England (and, later, of Great Britain) also claimed the throne of France.

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Feast of the Pheasant

The Feast of the Pheasant (French: Banquet du Voeu du Faisan, "Banquet of the Oath of the Pheasant") was a banquet given by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy on 17 February 1454 in Lille, now in France.

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Flag of France

The flag of France (Drapeau français) is a tricolour flag featuring three vertical bands coloured blue (hoist side), white, and red.

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Fortress of Luxembourg

The Fortress of Luxembourg refers to the former fortifications of Luxembourg City, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, which were mostly dismantled in 1867.

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François III d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville

François III de Longueville (1535–1551) was the eldest son of Louis II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville and Marie de Guise.

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Françoise d'Alençon

Françoise d'Alençon (1490 – September 14, 1550) was the eldest daughter of René of Alençon and Margaret of Lorraine, and the younger sister and despoiled heiress of Charles IV, Duke of Alençon.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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France in the Middle Ages

The Kingdom of France in the Middle Ages (roughly, from the 9th century to the middle of the 15th century) was marked by the fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire and West Francia (843–987); the expansion of royal control by the House of Capet (987–1328), including their struggles with the virtually independent principalities (duchies and counties, such as the Norman and Angevin regions) that had developed following the Viking invasions and through the piecemeal dismantling of the Carolingian Empire and the creation and extension of administrative/state control (notably under Philip II Augustus and Louis IX) in the 13th century; and the rise of the House of Valois (1328–1589), including the protracted dynastic crisis of the Hundred Years' War with the Kingdom of England (1337–1453) compounded by the catastrophic Black Death epidemic (1348), which laid the seeds for a more centralized and expanded state in the early modern period and the creation of a sense of French identity.

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France–Turkey relations

French–Turkish relations cover a long period from the 16th century to the present, starting with the alliance established between Francis I and Suleiman the Magnificent.

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Francis I of France

Francis I (François Ier) (12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was the first King of France from the Angoulême branch of the House of Valois, reigning from 1515 until his death.

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Francis II of France

Francis II (François II) (19 January 1544 – 5 December 1560) was a King of France of the House of Valois-Angoulême from 1559 to 1560.

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Francis III, Duke of Brittany

Francis III of Brittany (Frañsez; François; 28 February 1518, in Amboise – 10 August 1536) was Duke of Brittany and Dauphin of Viennois as the first son and heir of King Francis I of France and Duchess Claude of Brittany.

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Francis, Duke of Anjou

Francis, Duke of Anjou and Alençon (Hercule François; 18 March 1555 – 10 June 1584) was the youngest son of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici.

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Franco-Ottoman alliance

The Franco-Ottoman alliance, also Franco-Turkish alliance, was an alliance established in 1536 between the king of France Francis I and the Turkish sultan of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent.

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Franco-Spanish War (1635–59)

The Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659) was a military conflict that was the result of French involvement in the Thirty Years' War.

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French dynastic disputes

The French dynastic disputes refer to a set of disputes in the history of France regarding the person who should inherit the crown.

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French history in the English-speaking theatre

The history of France has been the basis of plays in the English-speaking theatre since the English Renaissance theatre.

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French monarchs family tree

Below are the family trees of all French monarchs, from Childeric I to Louis Philippe I. For a more simplified view, see French monarchs family tree (simple).

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French monarchs family tree (simple)

This is a simplified family tree of all Frankish and French monarchs, from Chlodio to Napoleon III.

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French poetry

French poetry is a category of French literature.

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French Revolutionary Wars

The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution.

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French Wars of Religion

The French Wars of Religion refers to a prolonged period of war and popular unrest between Roman Catholics and Huguenots (Reformed/Calvinist Protestants) in the Kingdom of France between 1562 and 1598.

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French–Habsburg relations

The term France–Habsburg rivalry describes the rivalry between the House of Habsburg and the Kingdom of France.

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Fulcanelli

Fulcanelli (fl. 1920s) was the name used by a French alchemist and esoteric author, whose identity is still debated.

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Funerary art

Funerary art is any work of art forming, or placed in, a repository for the remains of the dead.

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Garde Écossaise

The Garde Écossaise (Scots Guard) was an elite Scottish military unit founded in 1418 by the Valois Charles VII of France, to be personal bodyguards to the French monarchy.

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Grand Constable of France

The Grand Constable of France (Grand Connétable de France, from Latin comes stabuli for 'count of the stables'), as the First Officer of the Crown, was one of the original five Great Officers of the Crown of France (along with seneschal, chamberlain, butler, and chancellor) and Commander in Chief of the army.

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Great Ordinance of 1357

The Great Ordinance of 1357 was an edict through which Étienne Marcel attempted to impose limits on the French monarchy, in particular in fiscal and monetary matters.

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Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy

The Old Swiss Confederacy began as a late medieval alliance between the communities of the valleys in the Central Alps, at the time part of the Holy Roman Empire, to facilitate the management of common interests such as free trade and to ensure the peace along the important trade routes through the mountains.

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Guillaume Tirel

Guillaume Tirel, known as Taillevent (French: "wind-cutter" i.e. an idle swaggerer) (born ca. 1310 in Pont-Audemer – 1395), was an important figure in the early history of French cuisine.

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Habsburg Spain

Habsburg Spain refers to the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries (1516–1700), when it was ruled by kings from the House of Habsburg (also associated with its role in the history of Central Europe).

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Helen of Anjou

Helen of Anjou (Jelena Anžujska/Јелена Анжујска,; c. 1236 – 8 February 1314) was the Queen consort of the Serbian Kingdom, as spouse of King Stefan Uroš I. Her children were later kings Stefan Dragutin and Stefan Milutin.

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Henri d'Angoulême

Henri de Valois, duc d'Angoulême (1551 in Aix-la-Chapelle – 1586 in Aix-en-Provence), sometimes called "Henri, bâtard de Valois" or "Henri de France", was a Légitimé de France, cleric, and military commander during the Wars of Religion.

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Henri I d'Orléans, duc de Longueville

Henry I of Orléans-Longueville (1568 – April 8, 1595) was a French aristocrat and military and Grand Chamberlain of France between 1589 and 1595.

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Henri II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville

Henri II d'Orléans, duc de Longueville or Henri de Valois-Longueville (6 April 1595 – 11 May 1663), a legitimated prince of France (of royal descent) and peer of France, was a major figure in the civil war of France, the Fronde, and served as governor of Picardy, then of Normandy.

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Henry II of France

Henry II (Henri II; 31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559) was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559.

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Henry III of France

Henry III (19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589; born Alexandre Édouard de France, Henryk Walezy, Henrikas Valua) was King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1575 and King of France from 1574 until his death.

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Henry IV of France

Henry IV (Henri IV, read as Henri-Quatre; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.

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Henry IV of France's wives and mistresses

Henry IV of France's wives and mistresses played a significant role in the politics of his reign.

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Henry VI of England

Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453.

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Hereditary Princesses of Modena

No description.

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Hernández

Hernández is a widespread Spanish surname that became common around the 15th century.

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History of France

The first written records for the history of France appeared in the Iron Age.

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History of French wine

The history of French wine, spans a period of at least 2600 years dating to the founding of Massalia in the 6th century BC by Phocaeans with the possibility that viticulture existed much earlier.

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History of Hertfordshire

Hertfordshire is an English county, founded in the Norse–Saxon wars of the 9th century, and developed through commerce serving London.

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Holy Thorn Reliquary

The Holy Thorn Reliquary was probably created in the 1390s in Paris for John, Duke of Berry, to house a relic of the Crown of Thorns.

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House of Altoviti

The Altoviti are a prominent Florentine noble family.

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House of Bourbon

The House of Bourbon is a European royal house of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty.

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House of Burgundy

The House of Burgundy (Casa de Borgonha) was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, descending from Robert I, Duke of Burgundy, a younger son of Robert II of France.

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House of Capet

The House of Capet or the Direct Capetians (Capétiens directs, Maison capétienne), also called the House of France (la maison de France), or simply the Capets, ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328.

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House of France

The term House of France refers to the branch of the Capetian dynasty which provided the Kings of France following the election of Hugh Capet.

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House of Habsburg

The House of Habsburg (traditionally spelled Hapsburg in English), also called House of Austria was one of the most influential and distinguished royal houses of Europe.

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House of Ibelin

The House of Ibelin was a noble family in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century.

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House of Lancaster

The House of Lancaster was the name of two cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet.

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House of Medici

The House of Medici was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de' Medici in the Republic of Florence during the first half of the 15th century.

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House of Valois-Anjou

The House of Valois-Anjou (Casa Valois-Angiò) was a noble French family, deriving from the royal family, the House of Valois.

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House of Valois-Burgundy

The House of Valois-Burgundy (Maison de Valois-Bourgogne), or the Younger House of Burgundy, was a noble French family deriving from the royal House of Valois.

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Huguenots

Huguenots (Les huguenots) are an ethnoreligious group of French Protestants who follow the Reformed tradition.

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Hundred Years' War

The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, over the right to rule the Kingdom of France.

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Hundred Years' War (1369–89)

The Caroline War was the second phase of the Hundred Years' War between France and England, following the Edwardian War.

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Imperial Crown of Austria

The Imperial Crown of Austria (Österreichische Kaiserkrone) was made in 1602 in Prague by Jan Vermeyen as the personal crown of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II, and therefore is also known as the Crown of Emperor Rudolf II (Rudolfskrone).

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Index of Byzantine Empire-related articles

This is a list of people, places, things, and concepts related to or originating from the Byzantine Empire (AD 330–1453).

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Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy

Isabella of Portugal (22 February 1397 – 17 December 1471) was Duchess of Burgundy as the third wife of Duke Philip the Good.

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Isabella of Valois

Isabella of France (9 November 1389 – 13 September 1409) was Queen consort of England as the second spouse of King Richard II.

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Isabella of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon

Isabella of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon or Isabella of France (1313 – 26 July 1383), was a Petit Fille of France, and a daughter of Charles of Valois by his third wife Mahaut of Châtillon.

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Isabella, Countess of Vertus

Isabella of France (1 October 1348 – 11 September 1373) was a French princess and member of the House of Valois, as well as the wife of Gian Galeazzo Visconti, who after her death became Duke of Milan.

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Italian War of 1542–46

The Italian War of 1542–46 was a conflict late in the Italian Wars, pitting Francis I of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Henry VIII of England.

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Jacques Dubois

Jacques Dubois (1478 – 14 January 1555), also known as Jacobus Sylvius in Latin, was a French anatomist in Paris.

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Jan Gossaert

Jan Gossaert (c. 1478 – 1 October 1532) was a French-speaking painter from the Low Countries also known as Jan Mabuse (the name he adopted from his birthplace, Maubeuge) or Jennyn van Hennegouwe (Hainaut), as he called himself when he matriculated in the Guild of Saint Luke, at Antwerp, in 1503.

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Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford

Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, Earl of Pembroke, KG (Welsh: Siasbar ab Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur ap Goronwy) (c. November 1431 – 21/26 December 1495) was the uncle of King Henry VII of England and a leading architect of his nephew's successful conquest of England and Wales in 1485.

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Jean I, Duke of Alençon

John I of Alençon, called the Sage (1385 – 25 October 1415), was a French nobleman, killed at the Battle of Agincourt.

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Jean II, Duke of Alençon

John II of Alençon (2 March 1409, Château d'Argentan – 8 September 1476, Paris) was the son of John I of Alençon and his wife Marie of Brittany, Lady of La Guerche (1391–1446), daughter of John V, Duke of Brittany and Joan of Navarre.

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Jeanne (given name)

Jeanne is a French female name, equivalent to the English Joan, Jane, Jean and several historical figures in English named Joanna.

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Jeanne d'Angoulême

Jeanne d'Angoulême, Countess of Bar-sur-Seine (ca. 1490 – after 1531/1538), Dame de Givry, Baroness of Pagny and of Mirebeau, was an illegitimate half-sister of King Francis I of France and princess Marguerite de Navarre.

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Jeanne de Valois-Saint-Rémy

Jeanne de Valois-Saint-Rémy, "Comtesse de la Motte" (22 July 1756 – 23 August 1791) was a notorious French adventuress and thief; she was married to Nicholas de la Motte whose family's claim to nobility is dubious.

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Joan of France (1351–1371)

Joan of France (May 1351 - 16 September 1371) was the only child of Philip VI of France and his second wife Blanche of Navarre.

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Joan of France (1556)

Joan of France (Jeanne de France; born and died 24 June 1556) was the twin sister of Victoria of France and the last child born to King Henry II of France and his wife, Catherine de' Medici.

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Joan of France, Duchess of Berry

Joan of France (Jeanne de France, Jeanne de Valois; 23 April 1464 – 4 February 1505), was briefly Queen of France as wife of King Louis XII, in between the death of her brother, King Charles VIII, and the annulment of her marriage.

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Joan of France, Duchess of Bourbon

Joan of France (4 May 1435 – 1482) was the seventh child and fourth daughter of Charles VII of France and Marie of Anjou.

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Joan of France, Duchess of Brittany

Joan of France (24 January 1391 – 27 September 1433) was Duchess of Brittany through her marriage to John V. She was a daughter of Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria.

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Joan of Valois, Countess of Hainaut

Joan of Valois (c. 1294 – 7 March 1342) was the second eldest daughter of the French prince Charles of Valois and his first wife, Margaret, Countess of Anjou.

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Joan of Valois, Duchess of Alençon

Joan of Valois (13 September 1409, in Blois – 19 May 1432, in Angers) was the only surviving child of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Isabella of Valois.

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Joan of Valois, Queen of Navarre

Joan of France, also known as Joan or Joanna of Valois (24 June 1343, Châteauneuf-sur-Loire – 3 November 1373, Évreux), was the daughter of John II of France (called The Good), and his first wife, Bonne of Luxembourg.

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John II of France

John II (Jean II; 26 April 1319 – 8 April 1364), called John the Good (French: Jean le Bon), was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1350 until his death.

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John II, Count of Nevers

John II, Count of Nevers (known as Jean de Clamecy, prior to acquiring title of "Count of Nevers"; 1415–1491) was a French noble.

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John IV, Duke of Brabant

John IV, Duke of Brabant (11 June 1403 – 17 April 1427) was the son of Antoine of Burgundy, Duke of Brabant, Lothier and Limburg and his first wife Jeanne of Saint-Pol.

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John Stewart, Earl of Buchan

John Stewart, Earl of Buchan (c. 1381 – 17 August 1424) was a Scottish nobleman and soldier who fought alongside Scotland's French allies during the Hundred Years War.

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John the Fearless

John (28 May 1371 – 10 September 1419), called John "the Fearless" (Jean sans Peur; Jan zonder Vrees), was Duke of Burgundy as John I from 1404 until his death, succeeding his father Philip.

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John, Count of Angoulême

John of Orléans, Count of Angoulême and of Périgord (26 June 1399 – 30 April 1467), was a younger son of Louis I, Duke of Orléans, and Valentina Visconti, and a grandson of Charles V of France.

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John, Duke of Berry

John of Berry or John the Magnificent (French: Jean de Berry; 30 November 1340 – 15 June 1416) was Duke of Berry and Auvergne and Count of Poitiers and Montpensier.

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John, Duke of Touraine

John, Dauphin of France and Duke of Touraine (31 August 1398 – 5 April 1417) was the fourth son and ninth child of Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria.

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Kırkpınar

Kırkpınar is a Turkish oil-wrestling (yağlı güreş) tournament.

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King of Jerusalem

The King of Jerusalem was the supreme ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Crusader state founded by Christian princes in 1099 when the First Crusade took the city.

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Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England (French: Royaume d'Angleterre; Danish: Kongeriget England; German: Königreich England) was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the 10th century—when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms—until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Kingdom of France

The Kingdom of France (Royaume de France) was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Western Europe.

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La Reine Margot (novel)

La Reine Margot (English:Queen Margot) is a historical novel written in 1845 by Alexandre Dumas, père.

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La Trémoille family

The House of La Trémoille is an old French family which derives its name from a village (now La Trimouille) in the department of Vienne.

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Late Middle Ages

The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from 1250 to 1500 AD.

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Léonor d'Orléans, duc de Longueville

Léonor d'Orléans (1540 – 7 August 1573) was duc de Longueville, prince of Châtellaillon, marquis of Rothelin, count of Montgommery and of Tancarville, visount of Abberville, Melun, count of Neufchâtel and of Valangin, was governor of Picardy and Normandy and one of the military leaders of the French Wars of Religion.

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League of the Public Weal

The League of the Public Weal (French: La ligue du Bien public) was an alliance of feudal nobles organized in 1465 in defiance of the centralized authority of King Louis XI of France.

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Leges palatinae

The Leges palatinae ("Palatine Laws") were the laws governing the functioning of the royal court of the Kingdom of Majorca, promulgated by James III at Palma on 9 May 1337.

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List of Angevin consorts

The Countesses and Duchesses of Anjou were the wives of the ruling counts of Anjou and later the nominal French counts and dukes of Anjou.

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List of Aquitanian consorts

The Consorts of Aquitaine were the spouses of the Aquitanian Monarchs.

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List of Armenian consorts

No description.

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List of Bavarian consorts

There have been three kinds of Bavarian consorts in history, Duchesses, Electresses and Queens.

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List of Burgundian consorts

This article lists queens, countesses, and duchesses consort of the Kingdom, County, Duchy of Burgundy.

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List of Canadian monarchs

Listed here are the monarchs who reigned over the French and British colonies of Canada, followed by the Dominion of Canada, and finally the present-day sovereign state of Canada.

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List of civil wars

The Latin term bellum civile was first used of the Roman civil wars that began in the last third of the second century BC.

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List of coats of arms of the Capetian dynasty

Most of the members of the Capetian dynasty bore a version of the arms of France.

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List of consorts of Alençon

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List of consorts of Étampes

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List of consorts of Bar

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List of consorts of Bourbon

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List of consorts of Brittany

A royal consort is the spouse of a ruling monarch.

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List of consorts of Elbeuf

No description.

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List of consorts of Enghien

This is a list of the counts of Enghien.

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List of consorts of Guise

Afterwards, the title was extinghuished and no longer bestowed.

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List of consorts of Lorraine

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List of consorts of Luxembourg

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List of consorts of Maine

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List of consorts of Montferrat

The Marchioness and Duchesses of Montferrat were the consorts of the rulers of a territory in Piedmont south of the Po and east of Turin called Montferrat.

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List of consorts of Montpellier

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List of consorts of Montpensier

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List of consorts of Naples

This is a list of consorts of Naples.

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List of consorts of Orléans

The Orléans part of the title comes from the city of Orléans, which was the capital of these kings.

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List of consorts of the Savoyard monarchs

Between 1859 and 1861 the Kingdom of Sardinia incorporated the majority of Italian states.

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List of countesses of Flanders by marriage

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List of countesses of Hainaut by marriage

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List of counts of Albon and dauphins of Viennois

The Counts of Albon (Comtes d'Albon) were members of the medieval nobility in what is now south-eastern France.

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List of cultural icons of France

This List of cultural icons of France is a list of links to potential cultural icons of France.

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List of Cypriot consorts

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List of Dukes of Limburg

The counts of Limburg were the original rulers of the Duchy of Limburg and rose to prominence when one of their house was appointed Duke of Lower Lorraine.

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List of Ferrarese consorts

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List of French consorts

This is a list of the women who have been queens consort or empresses consort of the French monarchy.

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List of French monarchs

The monarchs of the Kingdom of France and its predecessors (and successor monarchies) ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of the Franks in 486 until the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions.

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List of French peerages

For an explanation of the French peerage, see the article Peerage of France.

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List of German queens

German queen is the informal title used when referring to the wife of the ruler of the Kingdom of Germany.

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List of heads of state of France

Below is a list of all French heads of state.

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List of historians by area of study

This is a list of historians categorized by their area of study.

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List of historical period drama films and series set in Near Eastern and Western civilization

The historical period drama is a film genre in which stories are based upon historical events and famous people.

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List of mercenaries

This is a list of mercenaries.

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List of Milanese consorts

The name wives and consorts of the early Della Torre lords of Milan are not known.

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List of Modenese consorts

No description.

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List of monarchs of Naples

In 1382, the Kingdom of Naples was heired by Charles III, King of Hungary, Great grandson of King Charles II of Naples After this, the House of Anjou of Naples was renamed House of Anjou-Durazzo, like Charles III married his first cousin Margaret of Durazzo, member of a prominent Neapolitan noble family.

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List of Navarrese consorts

This is a list of those men and women who have been royal consorts of the Kingdom of Navarre.

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List of Polish monarchs

Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes (the 10th–14th century) or by kings (the 11th-18th century).

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List of rulers of Brittany

This is a list of rulers of the Duchy of Brittany.

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List of rulers of Lithuania

The following is a list of rulers over Lithuania—grand dukes, kings, and presidents—the heads of authority over historical Lithuanian territory.

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List of rulers of Provence

The land of Provence has a history quite separate from that of any of the larger nations of Europe.

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List of Scottish consorts

The consorts of the monarchs of Scotland bore titles derived from their marriage.

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List of ships of the line of France

This is a list of French battlefleet warships of the period 1621–1870 (plus some from the period before 1621). Battlefleet units in the French Navy (Marine Royale before the French revolution established a republic) were categorised as vaisseaux (literally "vessels") as distinguished from lesser warships such as frigates (frégates).

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List of Sicilian consorts

This is a list of consorts of the Kingdom of Sicily.

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List of Spanish consorts

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List of state leaders in 1348

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List of state leaders in 1381

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List of state leaders in 1382

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List of state leaders in 1383

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List of state leaders in 1384

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List of state leaders in 1388

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List of state leaders in 1389

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List of state leaders in 1390

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List of state leaders in 1391

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List of state leaders in 1392

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List of state leaders in 1419

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List of state leaders in 1421

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List of state leaders in 1423

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List of state leaders in 1424

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List of state leaders in 1425

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List of state leaders in 1426

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List of state leaders in 1427

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List of state leaders in 1428

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List of state leaders in 1429

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List of state leaders in 1430

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List of state leaders in 1431

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List of state leaders in 1432

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List of state leaders in 1433

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List of state leaders in 1434

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List of state leaders in 1435

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List of state leaders in 1436

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List of state leaders in 1437

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List of state leaders in 1438

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List of state leaders in 1439

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List of state leaders in 1441

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List of state leaders in 1442

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List of state leaders in 1443

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List of state leaders in 1444

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List of state leaders in 1445

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List of state leaders in 1446

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List of state leaders in 1447

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List of state leaders in 1448

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List of state leaders in 1449

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List of state leaders in 1451

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List of state leaders in 1452

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List of state leaders in 1454

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List of state leaders in 1455

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List of state leaders in 1456

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List of state leaders in 1457

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List of state leaders in 1458

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List of state leaders in 1459

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List of state leaders in 1461

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List of state leaders in 1462

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List of state leaders in 1463

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List of state leaders in 1464

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List of state leaders in 1465

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List of state leaders in 1466

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List of state leaders in 1467

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List of state leaders in 1468

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List of state leaders in 1469

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List of state leaders in 1470

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List of state leaders in 1471

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List of state leaders in 1472

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List of state leaders in 1473

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List of state leaders in 1474

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List of state leaders in 1475

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List of state leaders in 1476

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List of state leaders in 1477

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List of state leaders in 1478

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List of state leaders in 1479

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List of state leaders in 1480

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List of state leaders in 1481

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List of state leaders in 1482

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List of viscounts of Thouars

The first viscounts of Thouars appeared at the end of the 9th century, somewhat earlier than those of Châtellerault, Lusignan, etc.

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List of wars involving Switzerland

This article is an incomplete list of wars and conflicts involving Switzerland, since the creation of the Old Swiss Confederacy.

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Lords, counts and dukes of Perche

The county of Perche was a medieval county lying between Normandy and Maine.

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Louis I d'Orléans, duc de Longueville

Louis I d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville (1480 – Beaugency, 1 August 1516), was a French aristocrat and general, Grand Chamberlain of France and governor of the Provence.

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Louis I, Duke of Anjou

Louis I (23 July 1339 – 20 September 1384) was the second son of John II of France and the founder of the Angevin branch of the French royal house.

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Louis II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville

Louis II d'Orléans, duc de Longueville and comte de Dunois (1510 – 9 June 1537) was a French aristocrat and the first husband of Mary of Guise, who later became queen consort of Scotland.

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Louis II, Count of Flanders

Louis II of Flanders (Lodewijk van Male; Louis II de Flandre) (25 October 1330, Male – 30 January 1384, Lille), also known as Louis of Male, a member of the House of Dampierre, was Count of Flanders, Nevers and Rethel from 1346 as well as Count of Artois and Burgundy from 1382 until his death.

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Louis Jean Marie de La Trémoille

Louis Jean Marie de La Trémoïlle (8 February 1910 – 9 December 1933), prince and 12th duc de La Trémoïlle, 13th duc de Thouars and premier duke of France, 13th prince de Tarente and 17th prince de TalmondAlmanach de Gotha, La Trémoïlle.

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Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France

Louis Joseph de France (Louis Joseph Xavier François; 22 October 1781 – 4 June 1789) was the second child and elder son of King Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette.

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Louis of Valois

Louis of France (3 February 154924 October 1550), also known as Louis III, Duke of Orléans was the second son and fourth child of Henry II (31 March 151910 July 1559), King of France and his wife, Catherine de' Medici, daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino and his wife Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne.

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Louis XI of France

Louis XI (3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483), called "Louis the Prudent" (le Prudent), was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1461 to 1483.

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Louis XII of France

Louis XII (27 June 1462 – 1 January 1515) was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504.

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Louis, Duke of Guyenne

Louis (22 January 1397 – 18 December 1415) was the eighth of twelve children of King Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria.

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Louise of Savoy

Louise of Savoy (11 September 1476 – 22 September 1531) was a French noble and regent, Duchess suo jure of Auvergne and Bourbon, Duchess of Nemours, and the mother of King Francis I. She was politically active and served as the Regent of France in 1515, in 1525–1526 and in 1529.

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Louvre Palace

The Louvre Palace (Palais du Louvre) is a former royal palace located on the Right Bank of the Seine in Paris, between the Tuileries Gardens and the church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois.

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Low Countries

The Low Countries or, in the geographic sense of the term, the Netherlands (de Lage Landen or de Nederlanden, les Pays Bas) is a coastal region in northwestern Europe, consisting especially of the Netherlands and Belgium, and the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems rivers where much of the land is at or below sea level.

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Lymond Chronicles

The Lymond Chronicles is a series of six novels written by Dorothy Dunnett and first published between 1961 and 1975.

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Madeleine de l’Aubespine

Madeleine de l'Aubespine (1546 Villeroy, Burgundy – 1596) was a French aristocrat, lady in waiting to Catherine de Medicis, poet, and literary patron.

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Madeleine Masson

Madeleine Masson (Madeleine Masson Rayner; 23 April 1912 – 23 August 2007) was a South African-born English-language author of plays, film scripts, novels, memoirs and biographies.

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Madeleine of Valois

Madeleine of Valois (10 August 1520 – 7 July 1537) was a French princess who became Queen of Scots as the first spouse of King James V.

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Magdalena of France

Madeleine of France, also called Magdalena of Valois (1 December 1443, Tours - 21 January 1495, Pamplona), was a French princess, and regent of Navarre during the minority of her children, Francis I and Catherine I, who were successively monarchs of Navarre, from 1479 until 1494.

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Man in the Iron Mask

The Man in the Iron Mask (French: L'Homme au Masque de Fer; c. 1640 – 19 November 1703) is the name given to an unidentified prisoner who was arrested in 1669 or 1670 and subsequently held in a number of French prisons, including the Bastille and the Fortress of Pignerol (modern Pinerolo, Italy).

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March to Reims

After the lifting of the siege of Orléans and the decisive French victory at the Battle of Patay, the Anglo-Burgundian noose was loosened.

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Margaret III, Countess of Flanders

Margaret III of Flanders (13 April 1350 – 16/21 March 1405) was the last Countess of Flanders of the House of Dampierre, as well as Countess of Artois and Countess of Burgundy (as Margaret II).

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Margaret of Anjou

Margaret of Anjou (Marguerite; 23 March 1430 – 25 August 1482) was the Queen of England by marriage to King Henry VI from 1445 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471.

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Margaret of Bourbon (1438–1483)

Margaret of Bourbon (5 February 1438 – 24 April 1483) was the daughter of Charles I, Duke of Bourbon (1401–1456) and Agnes of Burgundy (1407–1476).

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Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry

Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry (French: Marguerite de Valois) (5 June 1523 – 15 September 1574) was the daughter of King Francis I of France and Claude, Duchess of Brittany.

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Margaret of Geneva

Margaret of Geneva (1180?-1252), countess of Savoy, was the daughter of William I, Count of Geneva, and Beatrice de Faucigny (1160-1196).

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Margaret of Valois

Margaret of Valois (Marguerite, 14 May 1553 – 27 March 1615), commonly Margot, was a French princess of the Valois dynasty who became queen consort of Navarre and later also of France.

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Margaret of Valois, Countess of Blois

Margaret of Valois (1295–1342) was a French noblewoman.

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Margaret, Countess of Vertus

Margaret, Countess of Vertus (French: Marguerite d'Orléans; 4 December 1406- 1466), was a French vassal, Countess of Vertus and Etampes 1420–1466.

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Marguerite de Navarre

Marguerite de Navarre (Marguerite d'Angoulême, Marguerite d'Alençon; 11 April 149221 December 1549), also known as Marguerite of Angoulême and Margaret of Navarre, was the princess of France, Queen of Navarre, and Duchess of Alençon and Berry.

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Maria de la Cerda y de Lara

Maria de la Cerda y de Lara (1319 – 13 March 1375) was the youngest daughter of Fernando de la Cerda and his wife Juana Núñez de Lara.

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Marie Antoinette

Marie Antoinette (born Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna; 2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793) was the last Queen of France before the French Revolution.

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Marie d'Alençon

Marie d'Alençon (29 March 1373 – 1417) was a French noblewoman, a Princess of the Blood, and the wife of John VII of Harcourt, Count of Harcourt and of Aumale, Viscount of Châtellerault, Baron of Elbeuf, of Mézières, of Lillebone, of La Saussaye.

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Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier

Marie de Bourbon (15 October 1605 – 4 June 1627), Duchess of Montpensier, and Duchess of Orléans by marriage, was a French noblewoman and one of the last members of the House of Bourbon-Montpensier.

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Marie de Nemours

Marie de Nemours, originally known as Marie d'Orléans-Longueville (1625–1707), was Princess of Neuchâtel from 1694 to 1707.

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Marie Elisabeth of France

Marie Elisabeth of France (27 October 1572 – 2 April 1578), was a French princess and member of the House of Valois.

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Marie of France, Duchess of Bar

Marie of France (18 September 1344 – 15 October 1404) was the sixth child and second daughter of John II of France and Bonne of Bohemia.

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Marie of Luxembourg, Countess of Vendôme

Marie of Luxembourg (died 1 April 1547) was a French princess, the elder daughter and principal heiress of Peter II of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol and Soissons, and Margaret of Savoy, a daughter of Louis I, Duke of Savoy.

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Marie of Luxembourg, Queen of France

Marie of Luxembourg (1304 – 26 March 1324), was by birth member of the House of Luxembourg and by marriage Queen of France and Navarre.

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Marie of Orléans, Viscountess of Narbonne

Marie of Orléans (19 December/September 1457 – 1493) was the elder sister of King Louis XII of France.

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Marie of Valois, Duchess of Calabria

Marie of Valois (1309 – 23 October 1331), was the eldest daughter of Charles of Valois by his third wife Mahaut of Châtillon.

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Marie of Valois, Prioress of Poissy

Marie of France (24 August 1393 – 19 August 1438) was the daughter of Charles VI and his wife, Isabeau of Bavaria.

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Marie, Duchess of Auvergne

Marie of Berry (c. 1375 – June 1434) was suo jure Sovereign Duchess of Auvergne and Countess of Montpensier in 1416-1434.

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Mary of Burgundy

Mary (Marie; Maria; 13 February 1457 – 27 March 1482), Duchess of Burgundy, reigned over many of the territories of the Duchy of Burgundy, now mainly in France and the Low Countries, from 1477 until her death.

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Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples

Mary of Hungary (c. 1257 – 25 March 1323), of the Árpád dynasty, was Queen consort of the Kingdom of Naples.

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Mathilde of Angoulême

Mathilde of Angoulême (also Mahaut; after marriage Taillifer) (1181–1233) was the sole daughter of Wulgrin III, Count of Angoulême.

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Medieval jewelry

The Middle Ages was a period that spanned approximately 1000 years and is normally restricted to Europe and the Byzantine Empire.

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Mellin de Saint-Gelais

Mellin de Saint-Gelais (or Melin de Saint-Gelays or Sainct-Gelais; c. 1491 – October, 1558) was a French poet of the Renaissance and Poet Laureate of Francis I of France.

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Merovingian dynasty

The Merovingians were a Salian Frankish dynasty that ruled the Franks for nearly 300 years in a region known as Francia in Latin, beginning in the middle of the 5th century.

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Michel Pintoin

Michel Pintoin (c. 1350 – c. 1421), commonly known as the Monk of Saint-Denis or Religieux de Saint-Denis was a French monk, cantor, and chronicle writer best known for his history of the reign of Charles VI of France.

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Michelino Molinari da Besozzo

Michelino Molinari da Besozzo (c. 1370 – c. 1455) was a notable fifteenth century Italian painter and illuminator, who was widely praised for his work.

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Michelle of Valois

Michelle of France (11 January 1395 – 8 July 1422) was a Duchess consort of Burgundy.

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Military history of France

The military history of France encompasses an immense panorama of conflicts and struggles extending for more than 2,000 years across areas including modern France, the European continent, and a variety of regions throughout the world.

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Military history of Italy

The military history of Italy chronicles a vast time period, lasting from the overthrow of Tarquinius Superbus in 509 BC, through the Roman Empire, Italian unification, and into the modern day.

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Morganatic marriage

Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty prevents the passage of the husband's titles and privileges to the wife and any children born of the marriage.

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National emblem of France

The French Republic currently uses two emblems.

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Nicholas I Garai

Nicholas I Garai (Garai I Miklós, Nikola I Gorjanski) (c. 132525 July 1386) was a most influential officeholder under king Louis I and queen Mary of Hungary.

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Noble House

A Noble House is an aristocratic family or kinship group, usually British or European, either currently or historically of national or international significance, and usually associated with one or more hereditary titles, the most senior of which will be held by the "Head of the House" or patriarch.

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Northern Italy

Northern Italy (Italia settentrionale or just Nord) is a geographical region in the northern part of Italy.

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Northern Mannerism

Northern Mannerism is the form of Mannerism found in the visual arts north of the Alps in the 16th and early 17th centuries.

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Old University of Leuven

The Old University of Leuven (or of Louvain) is the name historians give to the university, or studium generale, founded in Leuven, Brabant (then part of the Burgundian Netherlands, now part of Belgium), in 1425.

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Olivier de Clisson

Olivier V de Clisson (1336, Clisson – 23 April 1407), nicknamed "The Butcher", was a Breton soldier, the son of Olivier IV de Clisson.

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Pavia

Pavia (Lombard: Pavia; Ticinum; Medieval Latin: Papia) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po.

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Pepin III, Count of Vermandois

Pepin III, Count of Vermandois (II, Count of Senlis) (c. 846 – 893) was a Frankish noble and Count of Senlis and Count of Vermandois(850–893) and lord of Valois (877–886), Count of Valois(886–893).

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Perche

Perche (French: le Perche) is a former province or county of northwestern France, best known for its forests and its Percheron work horse.

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Petru Cercel

Petru II Cercel (Peter Earring or Earring Peter) (died 1590) was a Voivode (Prince) of Wallachia from 1583 to 1585, bastard son to Pătrașcu cel Bun and alleged half-brother of Mihai Viteazul.

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Philip II of Spain

Philip II (Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), called "the Prudent" (el Prudente), was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as Philip I, Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58).

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Philip II, Count of Nevers

Phillip II, Count of Nevers (October 1389, Villaines-en-Duesmois – 25 October 1415, Agincourt) was the youngest son of Philip the Bold and Margaret III of Flanders.

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Philip II, Duke of Savoy

Philip II (5 February 1438 – 7 November 1497), surnamed the Landless, was the Duke of Savoy for a brief reign from 1496 to 1497.

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Philip III of Navarre

Philip III (Filipe, Felipe, Philippe; 27 March 1306 – 16 September 1343), called the Noble or the Wise, was King of Navarre from 1328 until 1343.

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Philip IV of France

Philip IV (April–June 1268 – 29 November 1314), called the Fair (Philippe le Bel) or the Iron King (le Roi de fer), was King of France from 1285 until his death.

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Philip the Bold

Philip the Bold (17 January 1342 – 27 April 1404, Halle) was Duke of Burgundy (as Philip II) and jure uxoris Count of Flanders (as Philip II), Artois and Burgundy (as Philip IV).

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Philip the Good

Philip the Good (Philippe le Bon, Filips de Goede; 31 July 1396 – 15 June 1467) was Duke of Burgundy as Philip III from 1419 until his death.

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Philip V of France

Philip V (c. 1293 – 3 January 1322), the Tall (Philippe le Long), was King of France and King of Navarre (as Philip II).

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Philip VI of France

Philip VI (Philippe VI) (1293 – 22 August 1350), called the Fortunate (le Fortuné) and of Valois, was the first King of France from the House of Valois.

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Philip, Count of Vertus

Philip of Orléans, Count of Vertus (21/24 July 1396 – 1 September 1420), was the second son of Louis I, Duke of Orléans, and Valentina Visconti, and a grandson of Charles V of France.

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Philip, Duke of Orléans

Philip of Orléans (1 July 1336 at Vincennes – 1 September 1375 at Orléans) was a Duke of Orléans, Touraine, and Count of Valois, the fifth son of King Philip VI of France and his wife Joan the Lame.

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Philippe of Alençon

Philippe II of Alençon (1339–16 November 1397) was a French cardinal who was a member of the Valois Dynasty.

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Pierre Bertrand (cardinal)

Pierre Bertrand (1280 – 1348 or 1349) was a French Cardinal, theologian, and canonist.

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Pierre II, Count of Alençon

Peter II of Alençon, called the Noble (1340 – 20 September 1404, Argentan), was the son of Charles II of Alençon and Maria de la Cerda.

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Pike and shot

Pike and shot is a historical infantry combat formation that evolved during the Italian Wars before the late seventeenth century evolution of the bayonet.

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Pinot noir

Pinot noir is a red wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera.

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Prince étranger

Prince étranger (English: "foreign prince") was a high, though somewhat ambiguous, rank at the French royal court of the ancien régime.

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Prince du sang

A prince du sang (Prince of the Blood) is a person legitimately descended in dynastic line from any of a realm's hereditary monarchs.

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Princess of Condé

No description.

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Princess of Taranto

This is a list of the Princesses of Taranto, a principality in Southern Italy.

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Psalter of Saint Louis

Two lavishly illustrated illuminated manuscript psalters are known as the Psalter of Saint Louis (and variants) as they belonged to the canonized King Louis IX of France.

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Radegonde of Valois

Radegonde of Valois (born in Chinon in August 1428 and died in Tours on March 19, 1445), was a French princess, eldest daughter of King Charles VII of France and Marie of Anjou.

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Ransom of King John II of France

The ransom of King John II of France was an incident during the Hundred Years War between France and England.

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René, Duke of Alençon

René of Alençon (1454 – 1 November 1492, Chateau d'Alençon, age 37–38), was the son of John II of Alençon and Marie of Armagnac.

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Renée of France

Renée of France (25 October 1510 – 12 June 1574), was the Duchess of Ferrara due to her marriage to Ercole II d'Este, grandson of Pope Alexander VI.

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Richard, Count of Étampes

Richard, Count of Montfort, Vertus and Étampes (c. 1396 – 2 June 1438) was the eighth child and youngest son of John IV, Duke of Brittany, and his third wife, Joan of Navarre.

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Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester

Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (24 June 1532 – 4 September 1588) was an English nobleman and the favourite and close friend of Elizabeth I's, from her first year on the throne until his death.

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Robert II, Count of Hesbaye

Robert II (Rodbert, Chrodobert) (died 12 July 807) was a Frankish nobleman who was count of Worms and of Rheingau and Count of Hesbaye around the year 800.

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Robertians

The Robertians, or Robertines, was the Frankish predecessor family of origin to the ruling houses of France; it emerged to prominence in the ancient Frankish kingdom of Austrasia as early as the eighth centuryin roughly the same region as present-day Belgiumand later emigrated to West Francia, between the Seine and the Loire rivers.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Amiens

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Amiens (Latin: Dioecesis Ambianensis; French: Diocèse d'Amiens) is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France.

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Routiers

Routiers were mercenary soldiers of the Middle Ages.

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Royal Gold Cup

The Royal Gold Cup or Saint Agnes Cup is a solid gold covered cup lavishly decorated with enamel and pearls.

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Royal touch

The royal touch (also known as the king's touch) was a form of laying on of hands, whereby French and English monarchs touched their subjects, regardless of social classes, with the intent to cure them of various diseases and conditions.

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Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine

Rudolph (1320 – 26 August 1346), called the Valiant (le Vaillant), was the Duke of Lorraine from 1329 to his death.

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Sampiero Corso

Sampiero Corso (Sampieru Corsu, born Sampiero da Bastelica; 1498 – 17 January 1567) was a Corsican soldier, father of the Marshal of France Alphonse d'Ornano.

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Sebastian of Portugal

Dom Sebastian I (Portuguese: Sebastião I; 20 January 1554 – 4 August 1578) was King of Portugal and the Algarves from 11 June 1557 to 4 August 1578 and the penultimate Portuguese monarch of the House of Aviz.

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Siege of Calais (1558)

The Siege of Calais was fought in early 1558 during the Italian War of 1551–1559.

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Siege of Orléans

The Siege of Orléans (12 October 1428 – 8 May 1429) was the watershed of the Hundred Years' War between France and England.

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Siege of Saint-Denis

The siege of Saint-Denis (Late August 1435 – 4 October 1435) was the last instance of cooperation between the English and their Burgundian allies in the Hundred Years’ War.

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Siege of Tartas

The siege of Tartas (31 August 1440 – 24 June 1442) was undertaken in the Hundred Years' War by English forces and their Gascon subjects against Charles II of Albret, a powerful nobleman in southwestern France.

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Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español; Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Monarquía Hispánica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Monarquía Católica) was one of the largest empires in history.

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Style of the French sovereign

The precise style of French Sovereigns varied over the years.

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Succession of Henry IV of France

Henry IV of France's succession to the throne in 1589 was followed by a four-year war of succession to establish his legitimacy.

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Succession to the French throne

This article covers the mechanism by which the French throne passed from the establishment of the Frankish Kingdom in 486 to the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870.

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Swabian War

The Swabian War of 1499 (Schwabenkrieg, also called Schweizerkrieg ("Swiss War") in Germany and Engadiner Krieg in Austria) was the last major armed conflict between the Old Swiss Confederacy and the House of Habsburg.

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Swiss mercenaries

Swiss mercenaries (Reisläufer) were notable for their service in foreign armies, especially the armies of the Kings of France, throughout the Early Modern period of European history, from the Later Middle Ages into the Age of the European Enlightenment.

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The Accursed Kings

The Accursed Kings (Les Rois maudits) is a sequence of seven historical novels by French author Maurice Druon about the French monarchy in the 14th century.

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The Affair of the Necklace

The Affair of the Necklace is a 2001 American historical drama film directed by Charles Shyer.

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The Gentle Falcon

The Gentle Falcon is a historical novel for young readers by Hilda Lewis, based on the story of King Richard II and his child bride, Isabella, written in first person from the point of view of a close companion of the Queen.

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The Historians' History of the World

The Historians' History of the World, subtitled A Comprehensive Narrative of the Rise and Development of Nations as Recorded by over two thousand of the Great Writers of all Ages, is a 25-volume encyclopedia of world history originally published in English near the beginning of the 20th century.

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The Princess of Montpensier

The Princess of Montpensier (La Princesse de Montpensier) is a 2010 French period romance film directed by Bertrand Tavernier, inspired by the novel of the same name published anonymously by Madame de La Fayette in 1662.

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Timeline of French history

This is a timeline of French history, comprising important legal changes and political events in France and its predecessor states.

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Treaty of Arras (1482)

The Treaty of Arras was signed at Arras on 23 December 1482 by King Louis XI of France and Archduke Maximilian I of Habsburg as heir of the Burgundian Netherlands in the course of the Burgundian succession crisis.

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Treaty of Senlis

The Treaty of Senlis concerning the Burgundian succession was signed at Senlis, Oise in May 1493 between Maximilian I of Habsburg and King Charles VIII of France.

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Treaty of Tours

The Treaty of Tours was an agreement between Henry VI of England and Charles VII of France, signed by their respective envoys on 22 May 1444.

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Troy

Troy (Τροία, Troia or Τροίας, Troias and Ἴλιον, Ilion or Ἴλιος, Ilios; Troia and Ilium;Trōia is the typical Latin name for the city. Ilium is a more poetic term: Hittite: Wilusha or Truwisha; Truva or Troya) was a city in the far northwest of the region known in late Classical antiquity as Asia Minor, now known as Anatolia in modern Turkey, near (just south of) the southwest mouth of the Dardanelles strait and northwest of Mount Ida.

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Union of Brittany and France

The union of Brittany and France was a critical step in the formation of modern-day France.

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Valois

Valois may refer to.

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Vermandois

Vermandois was a French county that appeared in the Merovingian period.

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Versailles 1685

Versailles 1685, also known as Versailles: A Game of Intrigue, is a video game released in 1997.

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Victoria of France

Victoria of France (Victoire de France; 24 June 1556 – 17 August 1556) and her twin sister Joan were the last children born to King Henry II of France and his wife, Catherine de' Medici.

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Waddesdon Bequest

In 1898, Baron Ferdinand Rothschild bequeathed to the British Museum as the Waddesdon Bequest the contents from his New Smoking Room at Waddesdon Manor.

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War of succession

A war of succession or succession war is a war prompted by a succession crisis in which two or more individuals claim the right of successor to a deceased or deposed monarch.

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War of the Breton Succession

The War of the Breton Succession was a conflict between the Counts of Blois and the Montforts of Brittany for control of the Duchy of Brittany.

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War of the Burgundian Succession

The War of the Burgundian Succession took place from 1477 to 1482, immediately following the Burgundian Wars.

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Yolande of Aragon

Yolande of Aragon (11 August 1384 – 14 November 1442) was a throne claimant and titular queen regnant of Aragon, titular queen consort of Naples, Duchess of Anjou, Countess of Provence, and regent of Provence during the minority of her son.

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Yolande of Valois

Yolande of France (23 September 1434 – 23 August 1478) was a Duchess consort of Savoy by marriage to Duke Amadeus IX of Savoy, and regent of Savoy during the minority of her son Philibert I of Savoy from 1472 until 1478.

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1328

Year 1328 (MCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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14th century

As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was the century lasting from January 1, 1301, to December 31, 1400.

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1552 in science

No description.

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1570 Ferrara earthquake

The 1570 Ferrara earthquake struck the Italian city of Ferrara on November 16 and 17, 1570.

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17th-century French literature

17th-century French literature was written throughout the Grand Siècle of France, spanning the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici, Louis XIII of France, the Regency of Anne of Austria (and the civil war called the Fronde) and the reign of Louis XIV of France.

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996

Year 996 (CMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Redirects here:

Capetian House of Valois, Dynasty of Valois, House Valois, House of Valois-Angoulême, House of Valois-Orléans, House of valois, Late Medieval France, Late medieval France, Royal house of France Valois, Valois Dynasty, Valois Kings of France, Valois dynasty, Valois family, Valois-Orléans.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Valois

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