Communication

766 relations: ABC News (Australia), Abdeslam Bouchouareb, Abdoulaye Wade, Abigael González Valencia, ABN AMRO Group, Abubakar Olusola Saraki, Adriano Galliani, African Union, Ahmed al-Mirghani, Aishwarya Rai, Ajay Devgn, Akira Kurosawa, Al-Assad family, Alaa Mubarak, Ali Abu Al-Ragheb, Ali Bongo Ondimba, Aliko Dangote, Alisher Usmanov, Allen Kagina, Alpha Condé, Amedeo Modigliani, Amitabh Bachchan, Amnesty International, Ana Duato, Anguilla, Anheuser-Busch InBev, Anthony Bamford, Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh), Anti-Money Laundering Office (Thailand), Antigua and Barbuda, Antonis Samaras, Anurag Kejriwal, Apache HTTP Server, Apache Solr, Apache Tika, Apollo Tyres, Apple Inc., Ariel Sharon, Arkady Rotenberg, Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Ashraf Marwan, Asif Ali Zardari, Assembly of the Representatives of the People, Asset, Associated Press, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Australian Federal Police, Australian Securities Exchange, Australian Senate, Australian Taxation Office, ..., Autonomous Port of Dakar, Ayad Allawi, Azerbaijan International Mineral Resources Operating Company, Çovdar, Dashkasan, Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, Ólöf Nordal, Bahamas Leaks, Bahgat Group, Bahrain, Banco Azteca, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, Banco Santander, Bangkok Land, Bangkok Post, Bank Leumi, Bank of Alexandria, Bank of China, Bank of Montreal, Bank of Scotland, Banque du Caire, Banque Internationale à Luxembourg, Banque Misr, Barack Obama, Base erosion and profit shifting, Bashar al-Assad, Basil Goulandris, Bastian Obermayer, Baugur Group, Búsqueda (Uruguay), BBC, BBC News, Bearer instrument, Belgravia, Benazir Bhutto, Beneficial owner, Beny Steinmetz, Bertín Osborne, Bidzina Ivanishvili, Bill Clinton, Bill Downe, Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970), Blairmore Holdings, Blood diamond, Bollywood, Boris Romanovich Rotenberg, Brazilian Democratic Movement, Brazilian Social Democracy Party, Bribery, Brink's-Mat robbery, British Overseas Territories, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bruno Itoua, Bukola Saraki, Business Insider, Bylgjan, Caja Madrid, Camden Market, Canada Revenue Agency, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Canadian dollar, Capital gains tax, Carlo Verdone, Carlos Alberto Sicupira, Carlos Ortega, Carmen Lomana, Casper von Koskull, Cayman Islands, Cándido Conde-Pumpido, Center for Public Integrity, Central Bank of Cyprus, Central Bank of Ecuador, Central Intelligence Agency, Centro Nacional de Inteligencia, Channel NewsAsia, Charitable trust, Charles de Gaulle Airport, Charles Konan Banny, Chase Bank, China CITIC Bank, China Digital Times, Chuck Furey, Citibank, CITIC Group, Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica), Clinton Foundation, CNN, Collateral (finance), Commerzbank, Common Reporting Standard, Communist Party of China, CONCACAF, Conflict of interest, Congolese Party of Labour, CONMEBOL, Consejo Nacional de Relaciones Exteriores, Conservative Party (UK), Content management system, Cook Islands, Copa Libertadores, Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein, Corporate services, Corruption in Ukraine, Costa Rican Football Federation, Coutts, Credit Suisse, Crisis management, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Crown dependencies, Cuéntame cómo pasó, Daddy Yankee, Daedong Credit Bank, Daimler AG, Dan Gertler, Dangote Group, Daphne Caruana Galizia, Data breach, Data journalism, David Cameron, David I. 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Expand index (716 more) » « Shrink index

ABC News (Australia)

ABC News is a national news service in Australia produced by the News and Current Affairs division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

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Abdeslam Bouchouareb

Abdeslam Bouchouareb (born 3 June 1952) is Minister of Industry and Mines in Algeria and he is Algerian.

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Abdoulaye Wade

Abdoulaye Wade (born 29 May 1926), Encyclopedia of the Nations.

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Abigael González Valencia

Abigael González Valencia (born October 18, 1972), commonly referred to by his alias El Cuini, is a suspected Mexican drug lord and former leader of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG), a criminal group based in Jalisco.

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ABN AMRO Group

ABN AMRO Group N.V. is a Dutch bank group, consisting of ABN AMRO Netherlands, ABN AMRO Private Banking, the International Diamond and Jewelry Group, and Fortis Bank Netherlands.

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Abubakar Olusola Saraki

Abubakar Olusola Saraki (17 May 1933 – 14 November 2012) was a Nigerian politician, who was a Senator of the Nigerian Second Republic (1979-1983).

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Adriano Galliani

Adriano Galliani (born 30 July 1944) is an Italian entrepreneur and football executive, former vice-chairman and CEO of A.C. Milan from 1986 to 2017.

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African Union

The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of all 55 countries on the African continent, extending slightly into Asia via the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.

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Ahmed al-Mirghani

Ahmad Ali Al-Mirghani (أحمد الميرغني; 16 August 1941 – 2 November 2008) was the Head of State of Sudan from May 6, 1986, to June 30, 1989, when the democratically elected government was toppled by a military coup led by the current President Omar al-Bashir.

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Aishwarya Rai

Aishwarya Rai (born 1 November 1973), also known by her married name Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, is an Indian actress, model and the winner of the Miss World 1994 pageant.

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Ajay Devgn

Vishal Devgn (born 2 April 1969), known professionally as Ajay Devgn, is an Indian film actor, director and producer.

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Akira Kurosawa

was a Japanese film director and screenwriter, who directed 30 films in a career spanning 57 years.

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Al-Assad family

The al-Assad family (عائِلَة الأَسَد) has ruled Syria since Hafez al-Assad became President of Syria in 1971 and established an authoritarian government under the control of the Ba'ath Party.

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Alaa Mubarak

Alaa Mubarak (علاء مبارك) (born 26 November 1960 in Cairo) is an Egyptian businessman and the elder of two sons of Hosni Mubarak, the former President of Egypt who served from 1981 to 2011, and his wife Suzanne Mubarak.

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Ali Abu Al-Ragheb

Ali Abu al-Ragheb (علي أبو الراغب) (born 1946) was the Prime Minister of Jordan from June 19, 2000 until October 25, 2003.

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Ali Bongo Ondimba

Ali Bongo Ondimba (born Alain Bernard Bongo; 9 February 1959)"Bongo Ali", Gabon: Les hommes de pouvoir, number 4,, 5 March 2002.

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Aliko Dangote

Aliko Dangote GCON (born 10 April 1957) is a Nigerian business magnate, investor, and owner of the Dangote Group, which has interests in commodities in Nigeria and other African countries.

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Alisher Usmanov

Alisher Burkhanovich Usmanov (Алише́р Бурха́нович Усма́нов; Alisher Usmonov; born 9 September 1953) is an Uzbek-born Russian business magnate.

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Allen Kagina

Allen Catherine Kagina is a Ugandan administrator.

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Alpha Condé

Alpha Condé (born 4 March 1938) is a Guinean politician who has been President of Guinea since December 2010.

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Amedeo Modigliani

Amedeo Clemente Modigliani (12 July 1884 – 24 January 1920) was an Italian-Jewish painter and sculptor who worked mainly in France.

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Amitabh Bachchan

Amitabh Bachchan (born 11 October 1942) is an Indian film actor, producer, television host, and former politician.

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Amnesty International

Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a London-based non-governmental organization focused on human rights.

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Ana Duato

Ana Consuelo Duato Boix (born 18 June 1968 in Valencia, Spain) is a Spanish actress best known for her role of Mercedes in the television series Cuéntame cómo pasó.

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Anguilla

Anguilla is a British overseas territory in the Caribbean.

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Anheuser-Busch InBev

Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV (abbreviated as AB InBev) is a Belgian-Brazilian transnational beverage and brewing company with global headquarters in Leuven, Belgium.

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Anthony Bamford

Anthony Paul Bamford, Baron Bamford, DL (born 23 October 1945) is an English businessman, chairman of JCB.

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Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)

Anti Corruption Commission (দুর্নীতি দমন কমিশন) often abbreviated: ACC (দুদক) was formed through an act promulgated on 23 February 2004 that came into force on 9 May 2004.

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Anti-Money Laundering Office (Thailand)

The Anti-Money Laundering Office (AMLO), is Thailand's "...key agency responsible for enforcement of the anti-money laundering and the counter-terrorism financing law." It was founded in 1999 upon the adoption of the Anti-Money Laundering Act, B.E. 2542 (1999) (AMLA).

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Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda is a sovereign state in the West Indies in the Americas, lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

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Antonis Samaras

Antonis Samaras (Αντώνης Σαμαράς,; born 23 May 1951) is a Greek politician who was Prime Minister of Greece from 2012 to 2015 and leader of New Democracy from 2009 to 2015.

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Anurag Kejriwal

Anurag Kejriwal is an Indian politician, and the former president of the Delhi branch of India's Lok Satta Party.

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Apache HTTP Server

The Apache HTTP Server, colloquially called Apache, is a free and open-source cross-platform web server, released under the terms of Apache License 2.0.

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Apache Solr

Solr (pronounced "solar") is an open source enterprise search platform, written in Java, from the Apache Lucene project.

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Apache Tika

Apache Tika is a content detection and analysis framework, written in Java, stewarded at the Apache Software Foundation.

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Apollo Tyres

Apollo Tyres Ltd is the world's 7th biggest tyre manufacturer, with annual consolidated revenues of Rs 140.53 billion (US$2.09 billion) in March 2017.

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Apple Inc.

Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.

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Ariel Sharon

Ariel Sharon (אריאל שרון;,, also known by his diminutive Arik, אַריק, born Ariel Scheinermann, אריאל שיינרמן‎; February 26, 1928 – January 11, 2014) was an Israeli general and politician who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006.

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Arkady Rotenberg

Arkady Romanovitch Rotenberg (Аркадий Романович Ротенберг, born December 15, 1951 in Leningrad) is a Russian businessman and Tycoon.

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Arseniy Yatsenyuk

Arseniy Petrovych Yatsenyuk (Арсеній Петрович Яценюк,; born 22 May 1974) is a Ukrainian politician, economist and lawyer who served as the 15th Prime Minister of Ukraine from 27 February 2014 to 14 April 2016.

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Ashraf Marwan

Ashraf Marwan (2 February 1944 – 27 June 2007) was an Egyptian billionaire and the husband of Mona Gamal Abdel Nasser, daughter of former Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser.

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Asif Ali Zardari

Asif Ali Zardari (آصف علی زرداری; آصف علي زرداري; born 26 July 1955) is a Pakistani politician and the former co-chairperson of Pakistan People's Party.

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Assembly of the Representatives of the People

The Assembly of the Representatives of the People (مجلس نواب الشعب, Assemblée des représentants du peuple; ARP) is Tunisia's legislative branch of government.

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Asset

In financial accounting, an asset is an economic resource.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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Australian Broadcasting Corporation

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) founded in 1929 is Australia's national broadcaster, funded by the Australian Federal Government but specifically independent of Government and politics in the Commonwealth.

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Australian Federal Police

The Australian Federal Police (AFP) is the principal federal law enforcement agency of the Australian Government with a unique role to investigate crime and to protect the national security of the Commonwealth of Australia.

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Australian Securities Exchange

The Australian Securities Exchange (ASX, sometimes referred to outside Australia as the Sydney Stock Exchange) is Australia's primary securities exchange.

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Australian Senate

The Australian Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia, the lower house being the House of Representatives.

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Australian Taxation Office

The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) is an Australian government statutory agency and the principal revenue collection body for the Australian government.

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Autonomous Port of Dakar

The Autonomous Port of Dakar (French: Port autonome de Dakar, abbreviation: PAD) is a Senegalese public enterprise which is headquartered in Dakar, located in the east of city.

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Ayad Allawi

Ayad Allawi (إياد علاوي.; born May 31, 1944) is an Iraqi politician.

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Azerbaijan International Mineral Resources Operating Company

Azerbaijan International Mineral Resources Operating Company, Ltd.

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Çovdar, Dashkasan

Çovdar (also, Chovdar, earlier Hartshangist) is a village and municipality in the Dashkasan Rayon of Azerbaijan.

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Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson

Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (born 14 May 1943) is an Icelandic politician who was President of Iceland from 1996 to 2016.

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Ólöf Nordal

Ólöf Nordal (3 December 1966 – 8 February 2017) was an Icelandic politician who was the Minister of the Interior of Iceland from 4 December 2014 to 11 January 2017.

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Bahamas Leaks

The Bahama Leaks are 1.3 million internal files from the company register of the Bahamas.

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Bahgat Group

Bahgat Group is a group of companies in Egypt that manufacture electronics, household appliances, furniture, and medical equipment.

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Bahrain

Bahrain (البحرين), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain (مملكة البحرين), is an Arab constitutional monarchy in the Persian Gulf.

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Banco Azteca

Banco Azteca is a bank which operates in Mexico, Panama, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru and Brazil.

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Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria

Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. (BBVA) (is a multinational Spanish banking group. It was formed from a merger of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya and Argentaria in 1999, and is the second largest bank in Spain. The company is a constituent of the IBEX 35 and Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. In 2007, the firm started an initiative to digitally transform the bank. Following implementation, it saw a 19% year-on-year increase in new customers. As of 2015, the total number of these clients stood at 14.8 million.

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Banco Santander

Banco Santander, S.A., doing business as Santander Group, is a Spanish banking group.

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Bangkok Land

Bangkok Land is a large property holding company in Thailand.

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Bangkok Post

The Bangkok Post is a broadsheet English-language daily newspaper published in Bangkok, Thailand.

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Bank Leumi

Bank Leumi (בנק לאומי, lit. National Bank) is an Israeli bank.

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Bank of Alexandria

The Bank of Alexandria is one of the largest banks in Egypt, with 210 branches across the country.

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Bank of China

Bank of China (often abbreviated as 中行 or BOC) is one of the four biggest state-owned commercial banks in China.

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Bank of Montreal

The Bank of Montreal, operating as BMO Financial Group, is a Canadian multinational banking and financial services corporation.

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Bank of Scotland

The Bank of Scotland plc (Bank o Scotland, Banca na h-Alba) is a commercial and clearing bank based in Edinburgh, Scotland.

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Banque du Caire

Banque du Caire, or "Bank of Cairo", is a full-service bank headquartered in Cairo.

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Banque Internationale à Luxembourg

Banque Internationale à Luxembourg S.A. (BIL) is a Luxembourgish bank.

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Banque Misr

Banque Misr (بنك مصر) (Translated: The Bank of Egypt) is an Egyptian bank founded by industrialist Talaat Pasha Harb in 1920. The government of the United Arab Republic nationalized the bank in 1960. The bank has branch offices in all of Egypt's governorates, and currency exchange and work permit offices for foreign workers in Egypt.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.

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Base erosion and profit shifting

Base erosion and profit shifting (or BEPS) refers to corporate tax planning strategies used by multinational companies that artificially "shift" profits from higher-tax locations, to lower-tax locations, thus "eroding" the tax-base of the higher-tax locations.

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Bashar al-Assad

Bashar Hafez al-Assad (بشار حافظ الأسد, Levantine pronunciation:;; born 11 September 1965) is a Syrian politician who has been the 19th and current President of Syria since 17 July 2000.

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Basil Goulandris

Vassilis P. "Basil" Goulandris (1913 – 27 April 1994) was a Greek shipowner, and the founder of Greece's first Museum of Modern Art, the Museum of Contemporary Art Andros.

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Bastian Obermayer

Bastian Obermayer (born 1977 in Rosenheim) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning German investigative journalist with the Munich-based newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung (SZ), and the reporter who received the Panama Papers from an anonymous source as well as later on the Paradise Papers, together with his colleague Frederik Obermaier.

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Baugur Group

Baugur Group (Icelandic) was an Icelandic investment company.

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Búsqueda (Uruguay)

Búsqueda is a Uruguayan weekly newspaper published since 1972.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Bearer instrument

A bearer instrument is a document that entitles the holder of the document rights of ownership or title to the underlying property, such as shares or bonds.

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Belgravia

Belgravia is an affluent district in West London, shared within the authorities of both the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

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Benazir Bhutto

Benazir Bhutto (بينظير ڀُٽو; 21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was a Pakistani politician who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996.

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Beneficial owner

Beneficial owner is a legal term where specific property rights ("use and title") in equity belong to a person even though legal title of the property belongs to another person.

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Beny Steinmetz

Beny Steinmetz(בני שטיינמץ; born 1956) is an Israeli businessman, with a portfolio in diamond-mining, engineering and real estate.

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Bertín Osborne

Norberto Juan Ortiz Osborne (born 7 December 1954), better known as Bertín Osborne, is a Spanish vocalist, actor and TV personality.

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Bidzina Ivanishvili

Bidzina Ivanishvili (ბიძინა ივანიშვილი, also known as Boris Ivanishvili; born 18 February 1956) is a Georgian businessman and politician who was Prime Minister of Georgia from 25 October 2012 to 20 November 2013.

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Bill Clinton

William Jefferson Clinton (born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

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Bill Downe

William A. Downe CM (born 1952 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada) is a Canadian banker.

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Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970)

Bjarni Benediktsson (born 26 January 1970), known colloquially as Bjarni Ben, is an Icelandic politician, who served as Prime Minister from January 2017 to November 2017.

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Blairmore Holdings

Blairmore Holdings, Inc. was an offshore investment company established by Ian Cameron, father of former British Prime Minister, David Cameron.

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Blood diamond

Blood diamonds (also called conflict diamonds, war diamonds, hot diamonds, or red diamonds) is a term used for a diamond mined in a war zone and sold to finance an insurgency, an invading army's war efforts, or a warlord's activity.

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Bollywood

Hindi cinema, often metonymously referred to as Bollywood, is the Indian Hindi-language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Maharashtra, India.

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Boris Romanovich Rotenberg

Boris Romanovich Rotenberg (Ротенберг Борис Романович, born in Leningrad on 3 January 1957) is a Russian business man and oligarch.

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Brazilian Democratic Movement

The Brazilian Democratic Movement (Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, MDB) is a Brazilian political party.

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Brazilian Social Democracy Party

The Brazilian Social Democracy Party (Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira, PSDB, also translated as "Party of Brazilian Social Democracy" or "Brazilian Social Democratic Party") is a centrist political party in Brazil.

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Bribery

Bribery is the act of giving or receiving something of value in exchange for some kind of influence or action in return, that the recipient would otherwise not alter.

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Brink's-Mat robbery

The Brink's-Mat robbery at the Heathrow International Trading Estate on 26 November 1983 saw a record £26 million (today approximately £83.39 million) worth of gold bullion, diamonds and cash stolen from a warehouse.

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British Overseas Territories

The British Overseas Territories (BOT) or United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs) are 14 territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom.

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British Virgin Islands

The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially simply "Virgin Islands", are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico.

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Brunei

Brunei, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia.

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Bruno Itoua

Bruno Jean-Richard Itoua (born 6 October 1956"Biographie du Ministre de l'Energie et de l'Hydraulique Son Excellence Bruno Jean Richard Itoua", Ministry of Energy and Hydraulics of Congo-Brazzaville (accessed 10 July 2013).) is a Congolese politician who has served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Higher Education since 2016.

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Bukola Saraki

No description.

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Business Insider

Business Insider is an American financial and business news website that also operates international editions in the UK, Australia, China, Germany, France, South Africa, India, Italy, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Netherlands, Nordics, Poland, Spanish and Singapore.

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Bylgjan

Bylgjan (The Wave) is an Icelandic radio station, run by the media company 365 miðlar.

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Caja Madrid

Caja Madrid, formally the Caja de Ahorros y Monte de Piedad de Madrid, headquartered in Madrid, was the oldest of the Spanish savings banks.

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Camden Market

The Camden markets are a number of adjoining large retail markets in Camden Town near the Hampstead Road Lock of the Regent's Canal (popularly referred to as Camden Lock), often collectively named "Camden Market" or "Camden Lock".

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Canada Revenue Agency

The Canada Revenue Agency (or CRA); formerly Revenue Canada and the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency (or ARC), is a Canadian federal agency that administers tax laws for the Government of Canada and for most provinces and territories, international trade legislation, and various social and economic benefit and incentive programs delivered through the tax system.

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Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster for both radio and television.

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Canadian dollar

The Canadian dollar (symbol: $; code: CAD; dollar canadien) is the currency of Canada.

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Capital gains tax

A capital gains tax (CGT) is a tax on capital gains, the profit realized on the sale of a non-inventory asset that was greater than the amount realized on the sale.

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Carlo Verdone

Carlo Gregorio Verdone (born 17 November 1950) is an Italian actor, screenwriter and film director.

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Carlos Alberto Sicupira

Carlos Alberto Sicupira (born 1948) is a Brazilian businessman, a partner in 3G Capital, which owns or has major stakes in Burger King, H.J. Heinz Company, Anheuser-Busch InBev and Lojas Americanas.

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Carlos Ortega

Carlos Alfonso Ortega Carvajal (born c. 1945) is a former union and political leader in Venezuela.

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Carmen Lomana

María del Carmen Fernández de Lomana Gutiérrez (León, Castile and León, Spain 1 August 1948), known as Carmen Lomana is a Spanish businesswoman, socialite and haute couture collector.

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Casper von Koskull

Casper von Koskull (born September 1960) is a Finnish banker, the president and CEO of Nordea Bank AB, the Nordic financial services group operating in Northern Europe, since 1 November 2015, when he succeeded Christian Clausen.

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Cayman Islands

The Cayman Islands is an autonomous British Overseas Territory in the western Caribbean Sea.

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Cándido Conde-Pumpido

Cándido Conde-Pumpido (born September 22, 1949), was the Attorney General of Spain (2004–2011).

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Center for Public Integrity

The Center for Public Integrity (CPI) is an American nonprofit investigative journalism organization whose stated mission is "to reveal abuses of power, corruption and dereliction of duty by powerful public and private institutions in order to cause them to operate with honesty, integrity, accountability and to put the public interest first." With over 50 staff members, the CPI is one of the largest nonpartisan, nonprofit investigative centers in America.

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Central Bank of Cyprus

The Central Bank of Cyprus (Kεντρική Τράπεζα της Κύπρου Kıbrıs Merkez Bankası), is the central bank of the Republic of Cyprus, located in Nicosia.

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Central Bank of Ecuador

The Central Bank of Ecuador (Banco Central del Ecuador (BCE)) is the central bank of Ecuador.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Centro Nacional de Inteligencia

The National Intelligence Center (Centro Nacional de Inteligencia, CNI) is the Spanish official intelligence agency.

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Channel NewsAsia

Channel NewsAsia (abbreviated CNA) is a 24-hour television news channel and news agency based in Singapore, broadcasting free-to-air domestically and by cable television and satellite television to 28 territories in Asia, the Middle East and Australia.

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Charitable trust

A charitable trust is an irrevocable trust established for charitable purposes and, in some jurisdictions, a more specific term than "charitable organization".

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Charles de Gaulle Airport

Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport (Aéroport de Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle), also known as Roissy Airport (name of the local district), is the largest international airport in France and the second largest in Europe.

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Charles Konan Banny

Charles Konan Banny (born 11 November 1940.) was Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from 7 December 2005 until 4 April 2007.

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Chase Bank

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., doing business as Chase Bank, is a national bank headquartered in Manhattan, New York City, that constitutes the consumer and commercial banking subsidiary of the U.S. multinational banking and financial services holding company, JPMorgan Chase & Co.

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China CITIC Bank

China CITIC Bank is China’s seventh-largest lender in terms of total assets.

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China Digital Times

China Digital Times (CDT) is a California-based bilingual news website covering China.

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Chuck Furey

Charles "Chuck" Furey (born March 6, 1954) is a former Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of St. Barbe in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1985 to 2000.

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Citibank

Citibank is the consumer division of financial services multinational Citigroup.

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CITIC Group

CITIC Group Corporation Ltd., formerly the China International Trust Investment Corporation, is a state-owned investment company of the People's Republic of China, established by Rong Yiren in 1979 with the approval of Deng Xiaoping.

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Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)

The Citizens' Action Party (Partido Acción Ciudadana; commonly abbreviated as PAC) is a left-leaning political party in Costa Rica.

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Clinton Foundation

The Clinton Foundation (founded in 1997 as the William J. Clinton Foundation), and from 2013 to 2015, briefly renamed the Bill, Hillary & Chelsea Clinton Foundation) is a non-profit organization under section 501(c)(3) of the U.S. tax code. It was established by former President of the United States Bill Clinton with the stated mission to "strengthen the capacity of people in the United States and throughout the world to meet the challenges of global interdependence." Its offices are located in New York City and Little Rock, Arkansas. Through 2016 the foundation had raised an estimated $2 billion from U.S. corporations, foreign governments and corporations, political donors, and various other groups and individuals. The acceptance of funds from wealthy donors has been a source of controversy. The foundation "has won accolades from philanthropy experts and has drawn bipartisan support". Charitable grants are not a major focus of the Clinton Foundation, which instead uses most of its money to carry out its own humanitarian programs. This foundation is a public organization to which anyone may donate and is distinct from the Clinton Family Foundation, a private organization for personal Clinton family philanthropy. According to the Clinton Foundation's website, neither Bill Clinton nor his daughter, Chelsea Clinton (both are members of the governing board), draws any salary or receives any income from the Foundation. When Hillary Clinton was a board member she reportedly also received no income from the Foundation.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel and an independent subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia.

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Collateral (finance)

In lending agreements, collateral is a borrower's pledge of specific property to a lender, to secure repayment of a loan.

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Commerzbank

Commerzbank AG is a German banking and financial services company based in Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany.

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Common Reporting Standard

The Common Reporting Standard (CRS) is an information standard for the automatic exchange of tax and financial information on a global level, which the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) developed in 2014.

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Communist Party of China

The Communist Party of China (CPC), also referred to as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China.

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CONCACAF

The Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF,; typeset for branding purposes since 2018 as Concacaf) is the continental governing body for association football (soccer) in North America, which includes Central America and the Caribbean region.

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Conflict of interest

A conflict of interest (COI) is a situation in which a person or organization is involved in multiple interests, financial or otherwise, and serving one interest could involve working against another.

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Congolese Party of Labour

The Congolese Party of Labour (Parti congolais du travail; PCT), founded in 1969 by Marien Ngouabi, is the ruling political party of the Republic of the Congo.

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CONMEBOL

The South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL,; Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol; Confederação Sul-Americana de Futebol or CSF) is the continental governing body of association football in South America (apart from Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana) and it is one of FIFA's six continental confederations.

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Consejo Nacional de Relaciones Exteriores

The Panamanian National Council on Foreign Relations "Consejo Nacional de Relaciones Exteriores" or CONAREX is a consultation body of the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

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Conservative Party (UK)

The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom.

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Content management system

A content management system (CMS)Managing Enterprise Content: A Unified Content Strategy.

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Cook Islands

The Cook Islands (Cook Islands Māori: Kūki 'Āirani) is a self-governing island country in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand.

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Copa Libertadores

The CONMEBOL Libertadores, named as Copa Libertadores de América (Copa Libertadores da América or Taça Libertadores da América), is an annual international club football competition organized by CONMEBOL since 1960.

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Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein

Corinna Larsen Adkins (born 28 January 1965, Frankfurt, Germany) is a German philanthropist.

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Corporate services

Corporate services are activities that combine or consolidate certain enterprise-wide needed support services, provided based on specialized knowledge, best practices, and technology to serve internal (and sometimes external) customers and business partners.

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Corruption in Ukraine

Corruption is a widespread problem in Ukrainian society.

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Costa Rican Football Federation

The Costa Rican Football Federation (Federación Costarricense de Fútbol), commonly known as FEDEFUTBOL or FEDEFUT, is the official association football governing body in Costa Rica and is in charge of the Costa Rican national team.

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Coutts

Coutts and Co. is a private bank and wealth manager, founded in 1692.

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Credit Suisse

Credit Suisse Group AG is a Swiss multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland.

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Crisis management

Crisis management is the process by which an organization deals with a disruptive and unexpected event that threatens to harm the organization or its stakeholders.

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Cristina Fernández de Kirchner

Cristina Elisabet Fernández de Kirchner (born 19 February 1953), sometimes referred to by her initials CFK, is an Argentine lawyer and politician, who served as President of Argentina from 2007 to 2015.

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Crown dependencies

Crown dependencies are three island territories off the coast of Britain which are self-governing possessions of the Crown.

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Cuéntame cómo pasó

Cuéntame cómo pasó (Tell me how it happened), usually shortened to Cuéntame and also known in English as Remember When, is a Spanish television drama series which has been broadcast on La 1 of Televisión Española since 2001.

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Daddy Yankee

Ramón Luis Ayala Rodríguez (born February 3, 1977), known by his stage name Daddy Yankee, is a Puerto Rican singer, songwriter, rapper, actor, and record producer.

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Daedong Credit Bank

Daedong Credit Bank (DCB) is a North Korean bank, established in 1995, and based in the country's capital, Pyongyang.

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Daimler AG

Daimler AG is a German multinational automotive corporation.

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Dan Gertler

Dan Gertler (born December 1973) is an Israeli billionaire businessman in natural resources and the founder and President of the DGI (Dan Gertler International) Group of Companies.

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Dangote Group

The Dangote Group is a Nigerian multinational industrial conglomerate, founded by Aliko Dangote.

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Daphne Caruana Galizia

Daphne Anne Caruana Galizia (26 August 1964 – 16 October 2017) was a Maltese journalist, writer, and anti-corruption activist, who reported on political events in Malta.

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Data breach

A data breach is the intentional or unintentional release of secure or private/confidential information to an untrusted environment.

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Data journalism

Data journalism is a journalism specialty reflecting the increased role that numerical data is used in the production and distribution of information in the digital era.

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David Cameron

David William Donald Cameron (born 9 October 1966) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2005 to 2016.

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David I. McKay

David I. “Dave” McKay is the President and CEO of the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), one of Canada’s largest banks and one of the largest banks in the world by market capitalization.

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David P. Weber

David Paul Weber is a former Assistant Inspector General for Investigations at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), where as a whistleblower he reported allegations about foreign espionage against the stock exchanges, and concerning misconduct in the Bernard L. Madoff and R. Allen Stanford Ponzi scheme investigations.

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David Rowland

David Lincoln Rowland (February 12, 1924 – August 13, 2010) was an American industrial designer noted for inventing the 40/4 Chair.

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De Beers

The De Beers Group of Companies is an international corporation that specialises in diamond exploration, diamond mining, diamond retail, diamond trading and industrial diamond manufacturing sectors.

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De Nederlandsche Bank

De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) is the central bank of the Netherlands.

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Delhi

Delhi (Dilli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India.

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Delta State

Delta or Delta State is an oil and agricultural producing state of Nigeria, situated in the region known as the South-South geo-political zone with a population of 4,112,445 (males: 2,069,309; females: 2,043,136).

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Democracy Now!

Democracy Now! is an hour-long American TV, radio and internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman and Juan González.

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Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)

The Democratic Labour Party (Partido Democrático Trabalhista, PDT) is a social democratic political party in Brazil.

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Democratic Party (United States)

The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party (nicknamed the GOP for Grand Old Party).

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Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan)

The Democratic Unionist Party (al-Hizb al-Ittihadi al-Dimuqrati), also referred to by itself as the Original Democratic Unionist Party, is a political party in Sudan, closely tied to the Khatmiyya Sufi order.

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Deng Jiagui

Deng Jiagui (born 1951; 邓家贵) is a Chinese businessman, and the husband of Qi Qiaoqiao, who is the elder sister of Xi Jinping, President of China and the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China.

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Denis Sassou Nguesso

Denis Sassou Nguesso (born 23 November 1943) is a Congolese politician who has been the President of the Republic of the Congo since 1997; he was previously President from 1979 to 1992.

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Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)

The Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (also called DFAT, ˈdiː.fæˑt, DEE-fat) is the department of the Government of Australia with the responsibility of the foreign policy, foreign relations, foreign aid, consular services, and trade and investment of the Commonwealth of Australia.

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Deutsche Bank

Deutsche Bank AG is a German investment bank and financial services company headquartered in Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany.

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Deutsche Welle

Deutsche Welle ("German wave" in German) or DW is Germany's public international broadcaster.

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Developing country

A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.

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Dexia

Dexia N.V./S.A., also referred to as the Dexia Group, was a Franco-Belgian financial institution active in public finance, providing retail and commercial banking services to individuals and SMEs, asset management, and insurance; with headquarters in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode, Brussels.

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Dilma Rousseff

Dilma Vana Rousseff (often known mononymously as Dilma; born 14 December 1947) is a Brazilian economist and politician who served as the 36th President of Brazil, holding the position from 2011 until her impeachment and removal from office on 31 August 2016, becoming the first democratically-elected female President in the world to be impeached and removed.

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Direct Line with Vladimir Putin

Direct Line with Vladimir Putin (Прямая линия с Владимиром Путиным) is annual special television program and a Q&A show mostly broadcast live by Russia-1, Russia 24, RT and Channel One Russia and Mayak, Vesti FM and Radio of Russia radio stations.

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Directory (computing)

In computing, a directory is a file system cataloging structure which contains references to other computer files, and possibly other directories.

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DLF (company)

DLF Limited (Delhi Land & Finance) is the largest commercial real estate developer in India.

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Dmitry Peskov

Dmitry Sergeyevich Peskov (p; born October 17, 1967) is a Russian diplomat, translator and turkologist.

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Dmitry Rybolovlev

Dmitry Yevgenyevich Rybolovlev (Дмитрий Евгеньевич Рыболовлев;; born 22 November 1966) is a Russian businessman, investor, and philanthropist.

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DNB ASA

DNB ASA (formerly DnB NOR ASA) is Norway's largest financial services group with total combined assets of more than NOK 1.9 trillion and a market capitalisation NOK 164 billion as per 20 May 2016.

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Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

The Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (commonly referred to as Dodd–Frank) was signed into United States federal law by US President Barack Obama on July 21, 2010.

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Dominic Grieve

Dominic Charles Roberts Grieve, (born 24 May 1956) is a British Conservative politician, barrister, Queen's Counsel and a Member of the Privy Council.

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Dominica

Dominica (Island Carib), officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island republic in the West Indies.

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Donald Trump

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current President of the United States, in office since January 20, 2017.

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Dorrit Moussaieff

Dorrit Moussaieff (דורית מוסאיוף, born 12 January 1950) is an Israeli jewellery designer, editor, and businesswoman who was the First Lady of Iceland from 2003 to 2016.

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Double taxation

Double taxation is the levying of tax by two or more jurisdictions on the same declared income (in the case of income taxes), asset (in the case of capital taxes), or financial transaction (in the case of sales taxes).

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Dov Weissglass

Dov Weissglass (דב ויסגלס; born 1946) is an Israeli lawyer and businessman who has been closely linked with the Middle East peace process, particularly under Prime Minister Ariel Sharon.

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DP World

DP World was founded in 2005 by merging Dubai Ports Authority and Dubai Ports International.

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Drupal

Drupal is a free and open source content-management framework written in PHP and distributed under the GNU General Public License.

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Dubai Multi Commodities Centre

DMCC (Dubai Multi Commodities Centre) was established in 2002 as a strategic initiative of the government of Dubai with a mandate to provide the physical, market and financial infrastructure required to establish Dubai as a hub for global commodities trade.

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Due diligence

Due diligence is an investigation of a business or person prior to signing a contract, or an act with a certain standard of care.

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DV (newspaper)

DV (Dagblaðið Vísir) is a tabloid newspaper in Iceland published by DV ehf.

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East Asia

East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural "The East Asian cultural sphere evolves when Japan, Korea, and what is today Vietnam all share adapted elements of Chinese civilization of this period (that of the Tang dynasty), in particular Buddhism, Confucian social and political values, and literary Chinese and its writing system." terms.

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Economic and Financial Crimes Commission

The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) is a Nigerian law enforcement agency that investigates financial crimes such as advance fee fraud (419 fraud) and money laundering.

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Economic inequality

Economic inequality is the difference found in various measures of economic well-being among individuals in a group, among groups in a population, or among countries.

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Edith González

Edith González (born Edith González Fuentes on December 10, 1964 in Monterrey, is a Mexican actress and dancer.

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Eduardo Cunha

Eduardo Cosentino da Cunha (born 29 September 1958), is a Brazilian politician and radio host, born in Rio de Janeiro.

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Edward Snowden

Edward Joseph Snowden (born June 21, 1983) is an American computer professional, former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee, and former contractor for the United States government who copied and leaked classified information from the National Security Agency (NSA) in 2013 without authorization.

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Edward Troup

Sir John Edward Astley Troup (born 26 January 1955) is a British tax lawyer, and was a civil servant at HM Treasury and then HM Revenue & Customs.

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El Comercio (Ecuador)

El Comercio is a daily Ecuadorian newspaper in Quito.

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El Confidencial

El Confidencial is a Spanish-language general-information digital newspaper located in Spain, specializing in economic, financial and political news.

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El Mundo (Spain)

El Mundo (The World), formally El Mundo del Siglo Veintiuno (The World of the Twenty-First Century) is the second largest printed daily newspaper in Spain.

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El País

El País (literally The Country) is the most read newspaper (231,140 printed copies) in Spain and the most circulated daily newspaper (180,765 circulation average), according to data certified by the Office of Justification of Dissemination (OJD) and referring to the period of January 2017 to December 2017.

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El Universo

Diario El Universo (Spanish for "The Universe") is one of the largest daily newspapers in Ecuador.

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Elizabeth Warren

Elizabeth Ann Warren (née Herring, born June 22, 1949) is an American politician and academic serving as the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts, a seat she was elected to in 2012.

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Emilia Molina Cruz

Emilia Molina Cruz is a Costa Rican politician, social worker, and entrepreneur.

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Emmanuel Ndahiro

Emmanuel Ndahiro is a Rwandan soldier.

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Enrique Peña Nieto

Enrique Peña Nieto (born 20 July 1966), commonly referred to by his initials EPN, is a Mexican politician serving as the 57th President of Mexico, since 2012.

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Ernst & Young

Ernst & Young (doing business as EY) is a multinational professional services firm headquartered in London, England.

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Estate planning

Estate planning is the process of anticipating and arranging, during a person's life, for the management and disposal of that person's estate during the person's life and at and after death, while minimizing gift, estate, generation skipping transfer, and income tax.

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Eugenio Figueredo

Eugenio Figueredo (born 10 March 1932 in Santa Lucía, Uruguay) is a Uruguayan and American association football executive and former footballer.

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European Commission

The European Commission (EC) is an institution of the European Union, responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU.

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European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud

The Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud is the member of the European Commission.

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European Council

The European Council, charged with defining the European Union's (EU) overall political direction and priorities, is the institution of the EU that comprises the heads of state or government of the member states, along with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Europol

The European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, better known under the name Europol, formerly the European Police Office and Europol Drugs Unit, is the law enforcement agency of the European Union (EU) formed in 1998 to handle criminal intelligence and combat serious international organised crime and terrorism through cooperation between competent authorities of EU member states.

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Executive Outcomes

Executive Outcomes was a private military company (PMC) founded in South Africa by Eeben Barlow, a former lieutenant-colonel of the South African Defence Force, in 1989.

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Export

The term export means sending of goods or services produced in one country to another country.

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Eyes Wide Shut

Eyes Wide Shut is a 1999 erotic drama film directed, produced, and co-written by Stanley Kubrick.

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Falter

Falter (Butterfly) is a weekly news magazine published in Vienna, Austria.

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Family of David Cameron

Relatives of the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Cameron, include members of the British royal family and aristocracy as well as numerous others who pursued careers in the law, politics and finance.

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Faris Al-Rawi

Faris Al-Rawi has been Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago since 9 September 2015.

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FC Barcelona

Futbol Club Barcelona, commonly known as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça, is a professional football club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

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Federal Reserve System

The Federal Reserve System (also known as the Federal Reserve or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States of America.

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Felipe González

Felipe González Márquez (born 5 March 1942) is a Spanish lawyer, professor, and politician, who was the Secretary-General of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) from 1974 to 1997, and the 3rd Prime Minister of Spain since the restoration of democracy, from 1982 to 1996.

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Felipe VI of Spain

Felipe VI (Felipe Juan Pablo Alfonso de Todos los Santos de Borbón y de Grecia; born 30 January 1968) is the King of Spain.

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FIFA

The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA; French for "International Federation of Association Football") is an association which describes itself as an international governing body of association football, futsal, and beach soccer.

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FIFA Ethics Committee

The FIFA Ethics Committee is one of FIFA's three judicial bodies.

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Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering

The Financial Action Task Force (on Money Laundering) (FATF), also known by its French name, Groupe d'action financière (GAFI), is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1989 on the initiative of the G7 to develop policies to combat money laundering.

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Financial intelligence

Financial intelligence (FININT) is the gathering of information about the financial affairs of entities of interest, to understand their nature and capabilities, and predict their intentions.

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Financial intermediary

A financial intermediary is an institution or individual that serves as a middleman among diverse parties in order to facilitate financial transactions.

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Financial Supervisory Authority (Sweden)

Financial Supervisory Authority (Finansinspektionen, FI) is the Swedish government agency responsible for financial regulation in Sweden.

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Financial Times

The Financial Times (FT) is a Japanese-owned (since 2015), English-language international daily newspaper headquartered in London, with a special emphasis on business and economic news.

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Fine Gael

Fine Gael (English: Family or Tribe of the Irish) is a liberal-conservative and Christian democratic political party in Ireland.

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First Ivorian Civil War

The First Ivorian Civil War was a conflict in the Ivory Coast (also known as Côte d'Ivoire) that began in 2002.

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First Quantum Minerals

First Quantum Minerals Ltd. is a Canadian based mining and metals company whose principal activities include mineral exploration, development and mining.

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Flavio Briatore

Flavio Briatore (born 12 April 1950) is an Italian businessman.

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FM 957 (Icelandic Radio Station)

FM 957 or FM is an Icelandic radio station.

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Forbes

Forbes is an American business magazine.

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Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) is a 2010 United States federal law requiring all non-U.S. ('foreign') financial institutions (FFIs) to search their records for customers with indicia of 'U.S.-person' status, such as a U.S. place of birth, and to report the assets and identities of such persons to the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

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Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA) (et seq.) is a United States federal law known primarily for two of its main provisions, one that addresses accounting transparency requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and another concerning bribery of foreign officials.

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Fork (software development)

In software engineering, a project fork happens when developers take a copy of source code from one software package and start independent development on it, creating a distinct and separate piece of software.

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François Hollande

François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande (born 12 August 1954) is a French politician who served as President of France and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra from 2012 to 2017.

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France 24

France 24 (pronounced "France vingt-quatre") is a state-owned 24-hour international news and current affairs television network based in Paris.

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Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939, after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975.

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Francisco Goya

Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828) was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker.

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Francisco Paesa

Francisco Paesa (Madrid, Spain, 11 April 1936-) is an agent of Centro Nacional de Inteligencia, the Spanish secret service.

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Frank Flannery

Frank Flannery is a political consultant and Fine Gael's former Director of Organisations and Strategy.

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Fraud

In law, fraud is deliberate deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right.

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Frédéric Chatillon

Frédéric Chatillon (born 15 February 1968) is a French businessman, and communications adviser to Front National leader Marine Le Pen.

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Frederik Obermaier

Frederik Obermaier (born 1984) is an investigative journalist for the Munich-based newspaper, Süddeutsche Zeitung, and author.

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Front organization

A front organization is any entity set up by and controlled by another organization, such as intelligence agencies, organized crime groups, banned organizations, religious or political groups, advocacy groups, or corporations.

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Full Metal Jacket

Full Metal Jacket is a 1987 British-American war film directed and produced by Stanley Kubrick and starring Matthew Modine, R. Lee Ermey, Vincent D'Onofrio and Adam Baldwin.

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Fundación Azteca

Fundación Azteca is a Mexican non-profit organization that promotes social responsibility founded in 1997 and owned by Grupo Salinas.

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Fundo Soberano de Angola

The Fundo Soberano de Angola (FSDEA) is the sovereign wealth fund of Angola.

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Fusion TV

Fusion TV is a television cable and satellite news and satire channel owned by Fusion Media Group, an American multi-platform media company that is owned by Univision Communications, which relies in part on the resources of its parent company's news division, Noticias Univision.

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G20

The G20 (or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union.

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Galo Chiriboga

Galo Chiriboga is an Ecuadorian lawyer, politician, administrator and the president of "La Asociación Interamericana de Juristas".

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Gautam Adani

Gautam Shantilal Adani (born 24 June 1962) is an Indian billionaire businessman who is the chairman and founder of Adani Group.

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Gécamines

La Générale des Carrières et des Mines (Gécamines) is a Congolese commodity trading and mining company headquartered in Lubumbashi, in the Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of Congo.

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General Secretary of the Communist Party of China

The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is head of the Communist Party of China and the highest-ranking official within the People's Republic of China.

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Geneva Freeport

Geneva Freeport (Ports Francs et Entrêpots de Genève SA) is a warehouse complex in Geneva, Switzerland for the storage of art and other valuables and collectibles.

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Gennady Timchenko

Gennady Nikolayevich Timchenko (also spelled Guennadi Timtchenko) (born 1952) is a Russian businessman and billionaire.

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Georgia (country)

Georgia (tr) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Gerard Ryle

Gerard Ryle (born 1965) is an Irish-Australian investigative reporter who has written on subjects including politics, financial and medical scandals, and police corruption.

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Gerardo González Valencia

Gerardo González Valencia (born) is a suspected Mexican drug lord, money launderer, and former high-ranking leader of Los Cuinis, a criminal group based in Jalisco and allied to the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG).

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Ghabbour Group

The Ghabbour Group is an Egyptian manufacturer of automobiles, buses, trucks and motorcycles located in Cairo.

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Gianni Infantino

Giovanni Vincenzo "Gianni" Infantino (born 23 March 1970) is a Swiss–Italian football administrator and the current president of FIFA.

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Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Gigabyte

The gigabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

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Glitnir (bank)

Glitnir was an international Icelandic bank.

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Goldman Sachs

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is an American multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in New York City.

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Great Firewall

The Great Firewall of China (abbreviated to GFW) is the combination of legislative actions and technologies enforced by the People's Republic of China to regulate the Internet domestically.

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Grey hat

The term "grey hat", alternatively spelled as "greyhat" or "gray hat", refers to a computer hacker or computer security expert who may sometimes violate laws or typical ethical standards, but does not have the malicious intent typical of a black hat hacker.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

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Grupo Salinas

Grupo Salinas is a corporate conglomerate formed in 2001 by several Mexican companies.

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Guardia di Finanza

The Guardia di Finanza (GdF) (Financial Guard) is an Italian law enforcement agency under the authority of the Minister of Economy and Finance.

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Guayaquil

Guayaquil, officially Santiago de Guayaquil (St.), is the largest and the most populous city in Ecuador, with around 2 million people in the metropolitan area, as well as the nation's main port.

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Haaretz

Haaretz (הארץ) (lit. "The Land ", originally Ḥadashot Ha'aretz – חדשות הארץ, – "News of the Land ") is an Israeli newspaper.

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Hakeem Belo-Osagie

Hakeem Belo-Osagie is a Nigerian businessman.

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Hamad bin Abdullah Al Thani

Sheikh Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani (1896 – 27 May 1948) (Arabic: حمد بن عبدالله بن جاسم بن محمد آل ثاني) was an Heir Apparent of the State of Qatar.

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Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani

Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber bin Mohammed bin Thani Al Thani (born 11 January 1959) (Arabic: حمد بن جاسم بن جبر آل ثاني) is a Qatari politician.

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Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani

Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani (الشيخ حمد بن خليفة آل ثاني; born 1 January 1952) is a member of the ruling Al Thani Qatari royal family.

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Handelsbanken

Svenska Handelsbanken AB is a Swedish bank providing universal banking services including traditional corporate transactions, investment banking and trading as well as consumer banking including life insurance.

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Helder Bataglia dos Santos

Hélder Bataglia dos Santos (Seixal, January 25, 1947) is a Portuguese-Angolan businessman.

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Herman Van Rompuy

Herman Achille, Count Van Rompuy (Herman Achille, Graaf Van Rompuy,; born 31 October 1947) is a Belgian politician, who formerly served as Prime Minister of Belgium and then as the first President of the European Council.

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Hetq Online

Hetq Online or Hetq (Հետք, meaning The Trace) is an online newspaper published in Yerevan by the Investigative Journalists NGO.

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Hillary Clinton

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947) is an American politician and diplomat who served as the First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001, U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013, and the Democratic Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election.

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Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State

Hillary Clinton served as the 67th United States Secretary of State, under President Barack Obama, from 2009 to 2013, overseeing the department that conducted the Foreign policy of Barack Obama.

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Hong Kong Polytechnic University

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) is a public university located in Hung Hom, Hong Kong.

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Hong Lei (diplomat)

Hong Lei (born August 1969) is a diplomat of the People's Republic of China, serving as Chinese Consul General in Chicago, and served as spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 2010 to 2016.

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Hosni Mubarak

Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (محمد حسني السيد مبارك,,; born 4 May 1928) is a former Egyptian military and political leader who served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011.

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House of Al Thani

The House of Thani (translit) is the ruling family of Qatar, whose origins can be traced back to Al-Maadeed of the Banu Tamim tribal confederation.

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House of Lords

The House of Lords of the United Kingdom, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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HSBC

HSBC Holdings plc is a British multinational banking and financial services holding company, tracing its origin to a hong in Hong Kong.

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HSBC Bank (Europe)

HSBC Bank plc is one of the largest banking and financial services organisations in the world.

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Hu Yaobang

Hu Yaobang (20 November 1915 – 15 April 1989) was a high-ranking official of the People's Republic of China.

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Hugo Chávez

Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a Venezuelan politician who was President of Venezuela from 1999 to 2013.

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Iñaki Urdangarin

Iñaki Urdangarin Liebaert (born 15 January 1968) is a retired Spanish handball player turned entrepreneur and brother-in-law of King Felipe VI.

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Idan Ofer

Idan Ofer (עידן עופר; born 5 May 1955) is a London-based Israeli business magnate and philanthropist, with interests in shipping, drilling and mining.

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Ilham Aliyev

Ilham Aliyev (İlham Heydər oğlu Əliyev; born 24 December 1961) is the fourth and current President of Azerbaijan, in office since 2003.

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Ilovaisk

Ilovaisk or is a city in Khartsyzk municipality, Donetsk Oblast (province) of Ukraine.

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Image scanner

An image scanner—often abbreviated to just scanner, although the term is ambiguous out of context (barcode scanner, CT scanner etc.)—is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting or an object and converts it to a digital image.

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Imanol Arias

Manuel María Arias Domínguez (26 April 1956 in Riaño, León, Spain) better known as Imanol Arias, is a Spanish actor and film director.

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Indiabulls

Indiabulls is an Indian group with its Headquarters in Gurgaon and Corporate Office in Mumbai.

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Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo

Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo (Elena María Isabel Dominica de Silos de Borbón y de Grecia; born 20 December 1963) is the first child and elder daughter of King Juan Carlos I of Spain and Queen Sofía of Spain, and third in the line of succession to the Spanish throne.

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Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz

Infanta Pilar of Spain, Duchess of Badajoz, Dowager Viscountess of la Torre (Spanish: María del Pilar Alfonsa Juana Victoria Luisa Ignacia y Todos los Santos de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias; born 30 July 1936), sometimes known more simply as Pilar de Borbón is the elder daughter of Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona and Princess María Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, and older sister of King Juan Carlos I. She has also a younger sister, Infanta Margarita of Spain.

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Ingibjörg Stefanía Pálmadóttir

Ingibjörg Stefanía Pálmadóttir (born 1961) is an Icelandic businesswoman, daughter of Pálmi Jónsson and so, with her three siblings, one of the inheritors of Pálmi's Hagkaup business.

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Initial public offering

Initial public offering (IPO) or stock market launch is a type of public offering in which shares of a company are sold to institutional investors and usually also retail (individual) investors; an IPO is underwritten by one or more investment banks, who also arrange for the shares to be listed on one or more stock exchanges.

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Inland Revenue Department (New Zealand)

Inland Revenue (IRD; former known name: Inland Revenue Department; Māori: Te Tari Taake) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with advising the government on tax policy, collecting and disbursing payments for social support programmes, and collecting tax.

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Intelligence agency

An intelligence agency is a government agency responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, and foreign policy objectives.

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Internal Revenue Service

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the revenue service of the United States federal government.

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International Consortium of Investigative Journalists

The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) is an independent Washington D.C.-based international network.

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International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.

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International sanctions

International sanctions are political and economic decisions that are part of diplomatic efforts by countries, multilateral or regional organizations against states or organizations either to protect national security interests, or to protect international law, and defend against threats to international peace and security.

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Internet censorship in China

Internet censorship in China is among the most extensive in the world due to a wide variety of laws and administrative regulations.

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Ion Sturza

Ion Sturza (born 9 May 1960) is a Moldovan politician and businessman who served as Prime Minister of Moldova from 19 February to 12 November 1999.

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Iqbal Mirchi

Muhammed Iqbal Memon (died 14 August 2013) was an alleged Indian underworld figure, known as the right-hand man of India's most wanted criminal, Dawood Ibrahim according to various media articles.

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Iraq

Iraq (or; العراق; عێراق), officially known as the Republic of Iraq (جُمُهورية العِراق; کۆماری عێراق), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west.

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Isabel Saint Malo

Isabel Cecilia de Saint Malo García de Alvarado (born 27 June 1968) is a Panamanian politician and the current Vice President of Panama.

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Islamic inheritance jurisprudence

Islamic Inheritance jurisprudence is a field of Islamic jurisprudence (فقه) that deals with inheritance, a topic that is prominently dealt with in the Qur'an.

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Italian Parliament

The Italian Parliament (Parlamento Italiano) is the national parliament of the Italian Republic.

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ITV News

ITV News is the branding of news programmes on the British television network ITV.

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J. Safra Sarasin

The Bank J. Safra Sarasin Ltd (previously named "Bank Sarasin & Co. Ltd", until 2013) is a Swiss private bank, founded in 1841 and headquartered in Basel.

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Jack Blum

Jack Blum is a Canadian writer, producer, director, story editor, actor, educator and communications consultant based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Jack Warner (football executive)

Austin "Jack" Warner (born 26 January 1943) is a Trinidadian politician, businessman, and former football executive.

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Jackie Chan

Chan Kong-sang, SBS, MBE, PMW (生; born 7 April 1954), known professionally as Jackie Chan, is a Hong Kong martial artist, actor, film director, producer, stuntman, and singer.

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Jacob Engel

Jacob Engel is an Israeli businessman, active in the mining sector, and CEO of Engelinvest Group.

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Jacob Zuma

Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma (born 12 April 1942) is a South African politician who served as the fourth President of South Africa from the 2009 general election until his resignation on 14 February 2018.

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Jaime de Marichalar

Don Jaime de Marichalar y Sáenz de Tejada, Lord of the Manor of Tejada (born in Pamplona on 7 April 1963) is the former husband of the Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo, the eldest daughter of King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia of Spain.

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Jalisco New Generation Cartel

The Jalisco New Generation Cartel (Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación, CJNG, Los Mata Zetas and Los Torcidos) is a Mexican criminal group based in Jalisco and headed by Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes ("El Mencho"), one of Mexico's most-wanted drug lords.

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James Ibori

James Onanefe Ibori (born 4 August 1959) is a Nigerian politician who was Governor of Delta State in Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007.

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Javier de la Rosa

Francisco Javier de la Rosa (born 1947) is a Spanish lawyer and businessman.

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Jaynet Kabila

Jaynet Désiré Kabila Kyungu (born 4 June 1971) is the daughter of Laurent-Désiré Kabila, the former president of the Democratic Republic of Congo and twin sister of Joseph Kabila, the current president.

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Jérôme Cahuzac

Jérôme Cahuzac (born 19 June 1952) is a French cosmetic surgeon and politician who, until his appointment as Junior Minister for the Budget at the Ministry of the Economy, Finance, and External Trade by President François Hollande on 16 May 2012, was a member of the National Assembly of France where he represented the 3rd constituency of Lot-et-Garonne on behalf of the Socialist Party.

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Jérôme Valcke

Jérôme Valcke (born 6 October 1960) is a French football administrator, best known as the former Secretary General of FIFA (the international governing body of the sport).

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Jón Ásgeir Jóhannesson

Jón Ásgeir Jóhannesson (born 27 January 1968 in Reykjavík) is an Icelandic businessman and former CEO of Baugur Group.

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Jürgen Mossack

Jürgen Rolf Dieter Mossack (born 20 March 1948) is a German-born Panamanian lawyer and the co-founder of Mossack Fonseca, a former law firm headquartered in Panama City which had more than 40 offices worldwide.

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Jean-Marie Le Pen

Jean-Marie Le Pen (born 20 June 1928) is a French politician who has served as Honorary President of the National Front since January 2011 and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from France since 2004, previously between 1984 and 2003.

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Jeffrey Webb

Jeffrey D. Webb (born 24 September 1964) is the former president of CONCACAF, Cayman Islands Football Association (CIFA), and FIFA vice president.

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Jeremy Corbyn

Jeremy Bernard Corbyn (born 26 May 1949).

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Jersey

Jersey (Jèrriais: Jèrri), officially the Bailiwick of Jersey (Bailliage de Jersey; Jèrriais: Bailliage dé Jèrri), is a Crown dependency located near the coast of Normandy, France.

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Joaquim Barbosa

Joaquim Benedito Barbosa Gomes (born October 7, 1954) is a former Justice of the Supreme Federal Court in Brazil.

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John Doe (Panama Papers' whistleblower)

John Doe is the pseudonym used by the whistleblower in the 2016 Panama Papers leak, who turned over 11.5 million documents from the law firm Mossack Fonseca to the newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung.

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John Key

Sir John Phillip Key (born 9 August 1961) is a New Zealand politician who served as the 38th Prime Minister of New Zealand and Leader of the New Zealand National Party.

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John Kufuor

John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor (born 8 December 1938) is a Ghanaian politician who was President of Ghana from 7 January 2001 to 7 January 2009.

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Joint venture

A joint venture (JV) is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance.

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Jones Day

Jones Day is an international law firm based in the United States.

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Jordi Cinca

Jordi Cinca Mateos is an Andorran politician who is currently Minister of Finance.

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Jordi Pujol

Jordi Pujol i Soley (born 9 June 1930) is a Spanish politician who was the leader of the party Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC) from 1974 to 2003, and President of the Generalitat de Catalunya from 1980 to 2003.

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Jorge Paulo Lemann

Jorge Paulo Lemann (born August 26, 1939) is a Brazilian investor.

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José Eduardo dos Santos

José Eduardo dos Santos (born 28 August 1942)W.

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José Hawilla

José Hawilla (11 July 1943 – 25 May 2018) was a Brazilian businessman, the owner and founder of Traffic Group, a multinational sports marketing conglomerate.

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José Manuel Soria

José Manuel Soria (born 1958) is a Spanish politician and businessman.

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José María Aznar

José María Alfredo Aznar López (born 25 February 1953) is a Spanish politician who served as the Prime Minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004.

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José Maria Botelho de Vasconcelos

José Maria Botelho de Vasconcelos is an Angolan politician.

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Josep Lluís Núñez

José Luis Núñez Clemente (born 7 September 1931 in Guriezo, Spain), often known by the Catalanized form of his name used by the Catalan press, Josep Lluís Núñez i Clemente, was president of FC Barcelona between 1978 and 2000.

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Joseph Kabila

Joseph Kabila Kabange (born 4 June 1971) is a Congolese politician who has been President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since January 2001.

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Joseph Muscat

Joseph Muscat (born January 22, 1974) is a Maltese politician who has served as Prime Minister of Malta since 2013, and Leader of the Partit Laburista (PL) since June 2008.

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Joseph Stiglitz

Joseph Eugene Stiglitz (born February 9, 1943) is an American economist and a professor at Columbia University.

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Juan Armando Hinojosa

Juan Armando Hinojosa Cantú is a Mexican construction contractor and business tycoon.

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Juan Carlos I of Spain

Juan Carlos I (Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, born 5 January 1938) reigned as King of Spain from 1975 until his abdication in 2014.

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Juan Carlos Varela

Juan Carlos Varela Rodríguez (born 13 December 1963) is a Panamanian politician and the President of Panama since 2014.

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Juan Luis Cebrián

Juan Luis Cebrián Echarri (born 30 October 1944) is a Spanish journalist and businessman, the co-founder of El País, and CEO of Prisa, a Spanish media conglomerate.

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Judicial disqualification

Judicial disqualification, also referred to as recusal, is the act of abstaining from participation in an official action such as a legal proceeding due to a conflict of interest of the presiding court official or administrative officer.

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Judiciary of Italy

In Italy, judges are public officials and, since they exercise one of the sovereign powers of the State, only Italian citizens are eligible for judgeship.

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Jurisdiction

Jurisdiction (from the Latin ius, iuris meaning "law" and dicere meaning "to speak") is the practical authority granted to a legal body to administer justice within a defined field of responsibility, e.g., Michigan tax law.

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Justin Trudeau

Justin Pierre James Trudeau (born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician serving as the 23rd and current Prime Minister of Canada since 2015 and Leader of the Liberal Party since 2013.

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Kagemusha

is a 1980 jidaigeki film directed by Akira Kurosawa.

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Kalpana Rawal

Kalpana Hasmukhrai Rawal (born 15 January 1946 in India Bhuj) is a Kenyan-Asian lawyer and the former Deputy Chief Justice and Vice President of the Supreme Court of Kenya.

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Kamaz

KAMAZ (Kama Automobile Plant) is a Russian brand of trucks and engines manufacturer located in Naberezhnye Chelny, Russian Federation.

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Karim Wade

Karim Wade (born 1 September 1968) is a Senegalese politician who served in the government of Senegal as Minister of State for International Cooperation, Regional Development, Air Transport, and Infrastructure from May 2009 to April 2012.

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Keiko Fujimori

Keiko Sofía Fujimori Higuchi (born 25 May 1975) is a Peruvian politician.

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Keith Schembri

Keith Schembri is the Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister of Malta, Joseph Muscat.

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Kevin Leech

Kevin Ronald Leech (born August 1943) is a British entrepreneur, whose family trust interests include Land's End, the Snowdon Mountain Railway.

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KGB

The KGB, an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (p), translated in English as Committee for State Security, was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991.

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Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan

Khalifa bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (خليفة بن زايد بن سلطان آل نهيان; born 7 September 1948; referred to as Sheikh Khalifa) is the President of the United Arab Emirates, the Emir of Abu Dhabi and the Supreme Commander of the Union Defence Force.

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Khulubuse Zuma

Clive Khulubuse Zuma is a South African businessman, and the nephew of the former President, Jacob Zuma.

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Kim Chol-sam

Kim Chol-sam (born 11 Mar 1971) is a North Korean banker, the treasurer of Daedong Credit Bank (DCB).

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Kjarninn

Kjarninn (which means the core in Icelandic) is an Icelandic online newspaper founded in August 2013.

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Kleptocracy

Kleptocracy (from Greek κλέπτης kléptēs, "thief", κλέπτω kléptō, "I steal", and -κρατία -kratía from κράτος krátos, "power, rule") is a government with corrupt leaders (kleptocrats) that use their power to exploit the people and natural resources of their own territory in order to extend their personal wealth and political powers.

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Know your customer

Know your customer (alternatively know your client or 'KYC') is the process of a business verifying the identity of its clients and assessing potential risks of illegal intentions for the business relationship.

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Kofi Annan

Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006.

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Koidu

Koidu Town (or Sefadu) is the capital and largest city of the diamond-rich Kono District in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone.

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Kojo Annan

Kojo Adeyemo Annan (born 25 July 1973) is a Ghanaian businessman and son of former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan.

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Kolwezi tailings project

The Kolwezi tailings project is a major project in the Kolwezi mining area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to recover copper from the tailings, or processed ore, from mining in the region since the 1950s.

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Konrad Mizzi

Konrad Mizzi (born 4 November 1977) is a Maltese Labour politician, currently serving as a Member of Parliament and as the Minister for Tourism in Malta.

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Korea Mining and Development Trading Corporation

Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation ((aka Changgwang Shinyong Corporation, Kapmun Tosong, KOMID) Chosongul: 조선광업개발무역회사) is North Korea’s primary arms dealer and main exporter of goods and equipment related to ballistic missiles and conventional weapons.

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Kostas Karamanlis

Konstantinos A. Karamanlis (Κωνσταντίνος Αλεξάνδρου Καραμανλής; born 14 September 1956), commonly known as Kostas Karamanlis (Κώστας Καραμανλής), is a Greek politician who served as Prime Minister of Greece from 2004 to 2009.

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Kristinn Hrafnsson

Kristinn Hrafnsson (born 25 June 1962) is an Icelandic investigative journalist known for his former role as spokesperson for the WikiLeaks organisation between 2010 and 2017.

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Kushal Pal Singh

Kushal Pal Singh Tewatia (born 15 November 1931) is an Indian real estate developer, and the chairman and CEO of real estate developer DLF Limited, founded by his father-in-law Chaudhary Raghvender Singh.

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La Nación

La Nación (The Nation) is an Argentine daily newspaper.

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Labour Party (Malta)

The Labour Party (Partit Laburista, PL), formerly known as the Malta Labour Party (MLP), is a social-democratic political party in Malta.

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Landsbanki

Landsbanki (literally "national bank"), also commonly known as Landsbankinn (literally "the national bank") which is now the name of the current rebuilt bank (here called "New Landsbanki"), was one of the largest Icelandic commercial banks that failed as part of the 2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis when its subsidiary sparked the Icesave dispute.

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Lansana Conté

Lansana Conté (30 November 1934 – 22 December 2008, AFP, 23 December 2008.) was the second President of Guinea, serving from 3 April 1984 until his death in December 2008.

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Las Palmas

Las Palmas, officially Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, is a city and capital of Gran Canaria island, in the Canary Islands, on the Atlantic Ocean.

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LaSexta

laSexta ("The Sixth") is the sixth nationwide broadcast television station in Spain.

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Laurent Gbagbo

Laurent Gbagbo, FPI website.

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Laurent-Désiré Kabila

Laurent-Désiré Kabila (November 27, 1939 – January 16, 2001), or simply Laurent Kabila (US), was a Congolese revolutionary and politician who served as the third President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from May 17, 1997, when he overthrew Mobutu Sese Seko, until his assassination by one of his bodyguards on January 16, 2001.

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Le Bourget

Le Bourget is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France.

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Le Monde

Le Monde (The World) is a French daily afternoon newspaper founded by Hubert Beuve-Méry at the request of Charles de Gaulle (as Chairman of the Provisional Government of the French Republic) on 19 December 1944, shortly after the Liberation of Paris, and published continuously since its first edition.

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Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)

The Leader of Her Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition (more commonly known as the Leader of the Opposition) is the politician who leads the official opposition in the United Kingdom.

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Leaktivism

Leaktivism is defined as the action of distributing confidential documents to the public in an attempt to directly impact the socio-economic and political spheres.

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Levon Zourabian

Levon Zourabian (Լևոն Զուրաբյան) (born March 9, 1964) is an Armenian politician and coordinator of the Armenian National Congress.

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Li Peng

Li Peng (born 20 October 1928) is a retired Chinese politician.

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Li Xiaolin

Li Xiaolin (born June 1961) is a Chinese businesswoman, currently serving as vice-president of the China Datang Corporation, a state-owned power generation enterprise.

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Liberia

Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast.

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Life peer

In the United Kingdom, life peers are appointed members of the peerage whose titles cannot be inherited, in contrast to hereditary peers.

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Limassol

Limassol (Λεμεσός; Limasol or Leymosun) is a city on the southern coast of Cyprus and capital of the eponymous district.

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Linkurious

Linkurious is a French software company that provides social network analysis primarily through graph visualization.

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Lionel Messi

Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini (born 24 June 1987) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Barcelona and the Argentine national team.

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List of mayors and chiefs of government of Buenos Aires

A list of Mayors and Chiefs of Government of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina's capital, since its federalization.

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List of Presidents of UEFA

The following is a list of presidents of UEFA, the European association football governing body.

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List of rulers of Morocco

This is the list of rulers of Morocco, since the establishment of the first Moroccan state in 789.

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Liu Yunshan

Liu Yunshan (born July 1947) is a retired Chinese politician.

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Lok Satta Party

Lok Satta is a political party in India, founded by Nagabhairava Jaya Prakash Narayana, a former I.A.S. officer and renowned activist from Andhra Pradesh.

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Look-through company

A Look-Through Company (LTC) is a kind of tax structure for New Zealand companies with limited liability, which allows the company in question to transfer its income and expenditure to its shareholders directly.

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Luca Cordero di Montezemolo

Luca Cordero di Montezemolo (born 31 August 1947) is an Italian businessman, former Chairman of Ferrari, and formerly Chairman of Fiat S.p.A. and President of Confindustria and FIEG.

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Lucien Ebata

Lucien Ebata (born 12 March 1969, Ollombo, Republic of the Congo) is a Congolese-Canadian businessman and publisher.

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Luis Guillermo Solís

Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera (born 25 April 1958) is a Costa Rican politician who was the President of Costa Rica from 2014 to 2018.

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Luxembourg Leaks

Luxembourg Leaks (sometimes shortened to Lux Leaks or LuxLeaks) is the name of a financial scandal revealed in November 2014 by a journalistic investigation conducted by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists.

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Machrouu Tounes

Machrouu Tounes (مشروع تونس; Projet de la Tunisie; Project Tunisia) is a Tunisian political party founded on 20 March 2016 by Mohsen Marzouk as a breakaway from Nidaa Tounes, the then ruling party.

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Macky Sall

Macky Sall (born 11 December 1961) is a Senegalese politician who has been President of Senegal since April 2012.

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Madrid

Madrid is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole.

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Magdalena Andersson (Social Democrat)

Eva Magdalena Andersson (born 23 January 1967) is a Swedish Social Democratic politician who has served as Minister for Finance since October 2014.

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Mahinda Rajapaksa

Percy Mahendra Rajapaksa, MP (පර්සි මහේන්ද්‍ර රාජපක්ෂ; born 18 November 1945), more commonly known as Mahinda Rajapaksa (මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ, மஹிந்த ராஜபக்ஷ) is a Sri Lankan politician who served as the sixth President of Sri Lanka from 19 November 2005 to 9 January 2015.

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Mahmoud Abbas

Mahmoud Abbas (مَحْمُود عَبَّاس,; born 15 November 1935), also known by the kunya Abu Mazen (أَبُو مَازِن), is the President of the State of Palestine and Palestinian National Authority. He has been the Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since 11 November 2004, and Palestinian president since 15 January 2005 (Palestinian National Authority since 15 January 2005, and State of Palestine since 8 May 2005). Abbas is a member of the Fatah party and was elected Chairman of Fatah in 2009. Abbas was elected on 9 January 2005 to serve as President of the Palestinian National Authority until 15 January 2009, but extended his term until the next election in 2010, citing the PLO constitution, and on December 16, 2009 was voted into office indefinitely by the PLO Central Council. As a result, Fatah's main rival, Hamas, initially announced that it would not recognize the extension or view Abbas as the rightful president. The Jerusalem Post (9 January 2009) Yet, Abbas is internationally recognized and Hamas and Fatah conducted numerous negotiations in the following years, leading to an agreement in April 2014 over a Unity Government, which lasted until October 2016, and therefore to the recognition of his office by Hamas. Abbas was also chosen as the President of the State of Palestine by the Palestine Liberation Organization's Central Council on 23 November 2008, a position he had held unofficially since 8 May 2005. Abbas served as the first Prime Minister of the Palestinian Authority from March to September 2003. Before being named prime minister, Abbas led the PLO Negotiations Affairs Department.

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Mainland China

Mainland China, also known as the Chinese mainland, is the geopolitical as well as geographical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Malcolm Turnbull

Malcolm Bligh Turnbull (born 24 October 1954) is an Australian politician serving as the 29th and current Prime Minister of Australia and Leader of the Liberal Party since 2015.

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Mallorca

Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest island in the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain and located in the Mediterranean.

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Mamadie Touré

Mamadie Touré is the widow of Lansana Conté, the former president of Guinea.

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Marcel Herrmann Telles

Marcel Hermann Telles (born 23 February 1950) is a Brazilian investor and businessman.

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Margaret Thatcher

Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (13 October 19258 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.

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Marianna Olszewski

Marianna Olszewski Rounick is an American financial author and life coach who writes as Marianna Olszewski.

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Marine Le Pen

Marion Anne Perrine "Marine" Le Pen (born 5 August 1968) is a French politician and lawyer serving as President of the National Rally political party (previously named National Front) since 2011, with a brief interruption in 2017.

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Mario Vargas Llosa

Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquess of Vargas Llosa (born March 28, 1936), more commonly known as Mario Vargas Llosa, is a Peruvian writer, politician, journalist, essayist and college professor.

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Mark A. Sammut

Mark A. Sammut is a Maltese author.

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Mark Thatcher

Sir Mark Thatcher, 2nd Baronet (born 15 August 1953) is a British businessman.

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Market capitalization

Market capitalization (market cap) is the market value of a publicly traded company's outstanding shares.

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Maryam Nawaz

Maryam Nawaz Sharif (born 28 October 1973), also known by her married name as Maryam Safdar, is a Pakistani politician who is the daughter of three-time Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif and the three-time First Lady of Pakistan Kalsoom Nawaz Sharif.

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Matheson (law firm)

Matheson (previously Matheson Ormsby Prentice), is an Irish law firm partnership based in the International Financial Services Centre in Dublin, which specialises in U.S. multinational tax schemes (e.g. for clients in Ireland such as Microsoft and Google), and tax structuring of special purpose vehicles (e.g. Section 110 securitisation SPVs).

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Mauricio Macri

Mauricio Macri (born 8 February 1959) is the current President of Argentina and has been in office since 2015.

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Mediapart

Mediapart is an independent left-leaning French online investigative and opinion journal created in 2008 by Edwy Plenel, former editor-in-chief of Le Monde.

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Meliá Hotels International

Meliá Hotels International, S.A. (formerly Sol Meliá) is a Spanish hotel chain which was founded by Gabriel Escarrer Juliá in 1956 in Palma de Mallorca.

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Member of the European Parliament

A Member of the European Parliament (MEP) is a person who has been elected to serve as a popular representative in the European Parliament.

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Metropolitan Police Service

The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), commonly known as the Metropolitan Police and informally as the Met, is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement in Greater London, excluding the "square mile" of the City of London, which is the responsibility of the City of London Police.

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Mexican Drug War

The Mexican Drug War (also known as the Mexican War on Drugs) is an ongoing, low-intensity asymmetric war between the Mexican Government and various drug trafficking syndicates.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Miami Herald

The Miami Herald is a daily newspaper owned by the McClatchy Company and headquartered in Doral, Florida, a city in western Miami-Dade County and the Miami metropolitan area, several miles west of downtown Miami.

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Micah M. White

Micah M. White is credited with being the co-creator, and the only American creator, of the original idea for the Occupy Wall Street protests.

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Michael Ashcroft

Michael Anthony P. Ashcroft, Baron Ashcroft, (born 4 March 1946) is a British-Belizean businessman and politician.

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Michael Mates

Michael John Mates (born 9 June 1934) is a Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of East Hampshire from 1974 to 2010.

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Michel Platini

Michel François Platini (born 21 June 1955) is a French former football player, manager and administrator.

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Miguel Arias Cañete

Miguel Arias Cañete (born 24 February 1950) is a Spanish politician.

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Miguel Blesa

Miguel Blesa de la Parra (8 August 1947 – 19 July 2017) was a Spanish banker, the chairman of the Spanish bank Caja Madrid from 1996 to 2009.

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Mihran Poghosyan

Mihran Poghosyan (Միհրան Պողոսյան; born 29 May 1976) is an Armenian businessman and civil servant and currently deputy of the Republican Party of Armenia.

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Ming Pao

Ming Pao is a Chinese-language newspaper published by Ming Pao Group in Hong Kong.

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Ministry of Finance (Singapore)

The Ministry of Finance (Abbreviation: MOF; Kementerian Kewangan; Chinese: 财政部; நிதி அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for responsible for designing regulatory policies and maintaining international standards and best practices in areas such as company law, accounting standards and corporate governance principles, to establish Singapore as an international business and financial centre.

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Ministry of Industry (Spain)

The responsibilities of the Spanish Ministry of Industry have varied greatly over time, until 2000 grouped industrial competence and energy.

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Ministry of the Interior (Spain)

The Ministry of the Interior of Spain (Ministerio del Interior) which historically could be known as Ministerio de la Gobernación, Ministerio del Orden Público, Ministerio del Interior y la Gobernación or Ministerio del Interior y Justicia is the executive branch responsible for policing, national security, immigration matters, prisons and road traffic safety.

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Mitt Romney

Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American businessman and politician who served as the 70th Governor of Massachusetts from 2003 to 2007 and was the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election.

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MKS (Switzerland)

MKS (Switzerland) SA is a trader of precious metals.

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MMTC Ltd

MMTC Ltd., Metals and Minerals Trading Corporation of India, is one of the two highest earners of foreign exchange for India and India's largest public sector trading body.

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Mobile collaboration

Mobile collaboration is a technology-based process of communicating using electronic assets and accompanying software designed for use in remote locations.

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Mohamed Mansour (businessman)

Mohamed Mansour is an Egyptian businessman and former politician.

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Mohammed VI of Morocco

Mohammed VI (محمد السادس,; born 21 August 1963) is the King of Morocco.

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Mohsen Marzouk

Mohsen Marzouk (محسن مرزوق; born July 1965) is a Tunisian politician.

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Monetary Authority of Singapore

The Monetary Authority of Singapore (Abbreviation: MAS;; Malay: Penguasa Kewangan Singapura) is Singapore's central bank and financial regulatory authority.

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Money laundering

Money laundering is the act of concealing the transformation of profits from illegal activities and corruption into ostensibly "legitimate" assets.

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Moody College of Communication

The Moody College of Communication is the communication college at The University of Texas at Austin.

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Mossack Fonseca

Mossack Fonseca & Co. (was a Panamanian law firm and corporate service provider,. The Legal 500 It was, at one time, the world's fourth biggest provider of offshore financial services. From its 1977 foundation until the April 2016 publication of the Panama Papers it remained mostly obscure, even though it sits at the heart of the global offshore industry, and acts for about 300,000 companies. More than half are registered in British tax havens – as well as in the UK. The firm received worldwide media attention in April 2016, when the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists published information about its clients' financial dealings in the Panama Papers articles, following the release of an enormous cache of its documents from between 1970 and 2015 leaked to the news media. Journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia, who lead the disclosure efforts, was subsequently murdered by a car bomb on October 16, 2017. On March 14, 2018, the law firm announced that it was shutting down, because of the economic and reputational damage inflicted by the disclosure of its role in global tax evasion by the Panama Papers.

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Mounir Majidi

Mounir Majidi (full name Mohamed Mounir El Majidi, منير الماجيدي – born 19 January 1965, Rabat) is a Moroccan businessman.

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Muhammad bin Nayef

Muhammad bin Nayef Al Saud (محمد بن نايف بن عبد العزيز آل سعود; born 30 August 1959) is a prominent member of the House of Saud.

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Muhammadu Buhari

Muhammadu Buhari is the President of Nigeria, in office since 2015.

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Multinational corporation

A multinational corporation (MNC) or worldwide enterprise is a corporate organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country.

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Najib Razak

Dato' Sri Haji Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak (Jawi: حاج محمد نجيب بن تون حاج عبدالرازق; born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018.

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Nanterre

Nanterre is a commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department, the western suburbs of Paris.

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National Accountability Bureau

The National Accountability Bureau (قومی احتساب ادارہ; abbreviated NAB), is an autonomous and constitutionally established federal institution responsible to build efforts against corruption and prepare critical national economic intelligence assessments against economic terrorism to the Government of Pakistan.

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National Assembly of Pakistan

Qaumi Assembly Pakistan (قومی اسمبلئ پاکستان or National Assembly of Pakistan (ایوانِ زیریں پاکستان) is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis-e-Shura, which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Aiwan-e Bala (upper house). The Qaumi Assembly and the Aiwan-e Bala both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 342 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), of which 272 are directly elected members and 70 reserved seats for women and religious minorities. A political party must secure 172 seats to obtain and preserve a majority. Members are elected through the first-past-the-post system under universal adult suffrage, representing electoral districts known as National Assembly constituencies. According to the constitution, the 70 seats reserved for women and religious minorities are allocated to the political parties according to their proportional representation. Each National Assembly is formed for a five-year term, commencing from the date of the first sitting, after which it is automatically dissolved. Currently the National Assembly can not be dissolved by the President of Pakistan, it is dissolved by the Prime Minister of Pakistan. Election for 13th National Assembly was held on 18 February 2008. On March 17, 2013 13th National Assembly was dissolved on completion of its five-year term under Article 52 of the Constitution. Pakistani general election, 2013 (for the 14th National Assembly) was held on May 11, 2013. Members of 14th National Assembly took oath on June 1, 2013. The 14th National Assembly dissolved on 31 May 2018 after completing its 5 year term.

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National Crime Agency

The National Crime Agency (NCA) is a national law enforcement agency in the United Kingdom.

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National Directorate of Taxes and Customs

The National Directorate of Taxes and Customs (Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales) is a government agency responsible for financial regulation and tax collection in Colombia.

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National Rally (France)

The National Rally (Rassemblement national, RN), formerly known as the National Front (Front national,; FN) until 2018, is a right-wing populist and nationalist political party in France.

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Nauru

Nauru (Naoero, or), officially the Republic of Nauru (Repubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country in Micronesia, a subregion of Oceania, in the Central Pacific.

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Nawaz Sharif

Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu/میاں محمد نواز شریف, born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani business magnate and former politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan for three non-consecutive terms, all of the three terms were unsuccessful.

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Néstor Kirchner

Néstor Carlos Kirchner (25 February 195027 October 2010) was an Argentine politician who served as President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007 and as Governor of Santa Cruz from 1991 to 2003.

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Nóos case

The Nóos case, also known as the Babel operation, is an ongoing case of alleged political corruption in Spain which started in 2010, derived from the Palma Arena case.

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NBAD Private Bank (Suisse) SA

NBAD Private Bank (Suisse) SA is a Swiss private bank located in the heart of Geneva.

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Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes

Nemesio or Rubén Oseguera Cervantes (born July 17, 1966), commonly referred to by his alias El Mencho, is a suspected Mexican drug lord and leader of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG), a criminal group based in Jalisco.

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Neo4j

Neo4j is a graph database management system developed by Neo4j, Inc.

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Network architecture

Network architecture is the design of a communication network.

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Network segment

A network segment is a portion of a computer network.

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Neuquén Province

Neuquén is a province of Argentina, located in the west of the country, at the northern end of Patagonia.

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Neville Wran

Neville Kenneth Wran, (11 October 1926 – 20 April 2014) was an Australian politician who was the Premier of New South Wales from 1976 to 1986.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Nicholas Yang

Nicholas Yang Wei-hsiung, GBS, JP (born 22 April 1955 in Taiwan with ancestry in Ningyuan County, Hunan) is the Secretary for Innovation and Technology of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region since November, 2015, who has also served as the Executive Vice President of Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

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Nicky Wu

Nicholas Wu (born October 31, 1970) is a Taiwanese singer and actor.

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Nidaa Tounes

Nidaa Tounes (حركة نداء تونس, Appel de la Tunisie; usually translated as "Call of Tunisia", "Call for Tunisia", or "Tunisia's Call") is a big tent secularist political party in Tunisia.

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Nigel Cowie

Nigel Cowie is a British banker, who lived in North Korea for two decades from 1995.

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Nikanor plc

Nikanor plc was a publicly quoted holding company for Global Enterprises Corporate (GEC) with assets in the rich Copperbelt region in Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

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Niue

Niue (Niuean: Niuē) is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean, northeast of New Zealand, east of Tonga, south of Samoa, and west of the Cook Islands.

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Nobel Oil Group

The Nobel Oil Group is a corporate group operating primarily in the Republic of Azerbaijan, USA, UK as well as in Romania.

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Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: "den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning").

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Norddeutscher Rundfunk

Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR; Northern German Broadcasting) is a public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg.

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Nordea

Nordea Bank AB, commonly referred to as Nordea, is a Nordic financial services group operating in Northern Europe.

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North Korea

North Korea (Chosŏn'gŭl:조선; Hanja:朝鮮; Chosŏn), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (abbreviated as DPRK, PRK, DPR Korea, or Korea DPR), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.

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North Korea and weapons of mass destruction

North Korea has a military nuclear weapons program and also has a significant quantity of chemical and biological weapons.

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Norwegian Tax Administration

The Norwegian Tax Administration (Skatteetaten) is a government agency responsible for resident registration (National Population Register) and tax collection in Norway.

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Novaya Gazeta

Novaya Gazeta (p) is a Russian newspaper well known in its country for its critical and investigative coverage of Russian political and social affairs.

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Nuix

Nuix Pty Ltd is an Australian technology company that produces a software platform for indexing, searching, analyzing and extracting knowledge from unstructured data.

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Nurali Aliyev

Nurali Aliyev (born January 1, 1985) is a Kazakh entrepreneur and investor, and ex-Deputy Mayor of Astana.

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Nursultan Nazarbayev

Nursultan Ábishuly Nazarbayev (born 6 July 1940) is a Kazakh statesman serving as President of Kazakhstan since the office was created on April 24, 1990.

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Nyon

Nyon is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

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Nzérékoré Region

The Nzérékoré Region is a region in the southern part of Guinea.

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O Estado de S. Paulo

O Estado de S. Paulo (The State of São Paulo), also known as O Estadão or simply Estadão, is a daily newspaper published in the Metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, and distributed mainly nationally.

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Occupy Wall Street

Occupy Wall Street (OWS) was a protest movement that began on September 17, 2011, in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City's Wall Street financial district, receiving global attention and spawning a surge in the movement against economic inequality worldwide.

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OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 35 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.

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Office of Foreign Assets Control

The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is a financial intelligence and enforcement agency of the U.S. Treasury Department.

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Offshore company

The term "offshore company" or "offshore corporation" is used in at least two distinct and different ways.

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Offshore financial centre

An offshore financial centre (OFC) is a jurisdiction specializing in providing corporate and commercial services, such as offshore banking licenses (international banking license) or the incorporation of offshore companies (international business companies).

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Offshore Leaks

Offshore Leaks is the name of a report disclosing details of 130,000 offshore accounts in April 2013.

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Offshore magic circle

Offshore magic circle is the set of the largest multi-jurisdictional law firms who specialise in tax havens (especially the Caribbean triad of Bermuda-Cayman-BVI, and the Channel Islands duo of Jersey-Guernsey), and increasingly in modern corporate tax havens (especially Dublin, Singapore and Luxembourg).

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Oil-for-Food Programme

The Oil-for-Food Programme (OIP), established by the United Nations in 1995 (under UN Security Council Resolution 986) was established to allow Iraq to sell oil on the world market in exchange for food, medicine, and other humanitarian needs for ordinary Iraqi citizens without allowing Iraq to boost its military capabilities.

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OjoPúblico

This article contains material translated from the Spanish-language article on the topic. OjoPúblico is a digital venue for investigative journalism and new Peruvian narratives, founded in 2014 by journalists Oscar Castilla, Nelly Luna Fabiola Torres, and David Hidalgo, as well as the programmer Antonio Cucho.

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Oleh Lyashko

Oleh Valeriovich Lyashko (Олег Валерійович Ляшко) is a Ukrainian politician and journalist who is a member of Verkhovna Rada and leader of the Radical Party.

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Olusegun Obasanjo

Chief Olusegun Mathew Okikiola Aremu Obasanjo, GCFR, Ph.D. (Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́; born 5 May 1937) is a former Nigerian Army general who was President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007.

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Open-source software

Open-source software (OSS) is a type of computer software whose source code is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to study, change, and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose.

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Operation Car Wash

Operation Car Wash (Operação Lava Jato) is an ongoing criminal investigation being carried out by the Federal Police of Brazil, Curitiba Branch, and judicially commanded by Judge Sérgio Moro since March 17, 2014.

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Optical character recognition

Optical character recognition (also optical character reader, OCR) is the mechanical or electronic conversion of images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text, whether from a scanned document, a photo of a document, a scene-photo (for example the text on signs and billboards in a landscape photo) or from subtitle text superimposed on an image (for example from a television broadcast).

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ORF (broadcaster)

Österreichischer Rundfunk (Austrian Broadcasting Corporation, ORF) is the Austrian national public service broadcaster.

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Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project

The Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP), founded in 2006, is a consortium of investigative centers, media and journalists operating in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia and Central America.

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Orion Group SA

ORION GROUP SA, founded by Lucien Ebata, is an international investment and petroleum-trading company.

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Oxfam

Oxfam is a confederation of 20 independent charitable organizations focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International.

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Oyo, Republic of the Congo

Oyo is a town in the Republic of Congo, located in the Cuvette Region, more than 400 km from Brazzaville and 5 km from Edou.

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Pakistan Muslim League (N)

The Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) (پاکستان مسلم لیگ (ن) PML-N) is a centre-right conservative party in Pakistan.

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Pakistan Peoples Party

The Pakistan Peoples Party (پاکِستان پیپلز پارٹی, commonly referred to as the PPP) is a left-wing, socialist-progressive political party of Pakistan.

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Pakistan Rangers

The Pakistan Rangers (پاکستان رےنجرز) are a paramilitary law enforcement organization in Pakistan and have a primary mission of securing important sites such as Pakistan's International Border with India as well as employed in internal security operations, and providing assistance to the police in maintaining law and order.

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Palestine Investment Fund

The Palestine Investment Fund (PIF) was established in 2003 as an independent investment company aiming to strengthen the local economy through strategic investments, while maximising long-run returns for its ultimate shareholder; the people of Palestine.

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Palestinian National Authority

The Palestinian National Authority (PA or PNA; السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية) is the interim self-government body established in 1994 following the Gaza–Jericho Agreement to govern the Gaza Strip and Areas A and B of the West Bank, as a consequence of the 1993 Oslo Accords.

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Pamela Sharples, Baroness Sharples

Pamela Sharples, Baroness Sharples (née Newall; born 11 February 1923) is a British Conservative Party politician.

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PAMP (company)

PAMP SA (acronym for Produits Artistiques Métaux Précieux), is a world leading, independently operated, precious metals refining and fabricating company, member of the MKS Group.

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Panama Canal

The Panama Canal (Canal de Panamá) is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean.

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Panama–United States Trade Promotion Agreement

The Panama–United States Trade Promotion Agreement (Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Panamá y Estados Unidos or TLC) is a bilateral free trade agreement between Panama and the United States that has been in effect since October 2012.

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Paradise Papers

The Paradise Papers are a set of 13.4 million confidential electronic documents relating to offshore investments that were leaked to the German reporters Frederik Obermaier and Bastian Obermayer from the newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung.

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Paramount leader

In modern Chinese politics, the paramount leader of the Communist Party of China and the State is an informal term that refers to the most prominent political leader in the People's Republic of China.

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Park Lane

Park Lane is a major road in the City of Westminster, in Central London.

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Paul Kagame

Paul Kagame (born 23 October 1957) is a Rwandan politician and former military leader.

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Paul Krugman

Paul Robin Krugman (born February 28, 1953) is an American economist who is currently Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and a columnist for The New York Times.

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Paul McGuinness

Paul McGuinness (born 17 June 1951) is the main shareholder and founder of Principle Management Limited, a popular music act management company based in Dublin, in the Republic of Ireland.

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Paul Volcker

Paul Adolph Volcker Jr. (born September 5, 1927) is an American economist.

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Pavlo Lazarenko

Pavlo Ivanovych Lazarenko (Павло Іванович Лазаренко; born 23 January 1953) is a former Ukrainian politician and former Prime Minister who in August 2006 was convicted and sentenced to prison in the United States for money laundering, wire fraud and extortion.

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Pádraig Harrington

Pádraig Peter Harrington (born 31 August 1971) is an Irish professional golfer who plays on the European Tour and the PGA Tour.

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Pedro Almodóvar

Pedro Almodóvar Caballero (born 25 September 1949), credited professionally as Pedro Almodóvar, is a Spanish filmmaker, director, screenwriter, producer, and former actor.

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Pedro Delgado Campaña

Pedro Delgado Campaña is the former Governor of the Central Bank of Ecuador, and cousin of the President, Rafael Correa.

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Pennsylvania AFL–CIO

The Pennsylvania AFL–CIO is a federation of labor unions in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania in the United States.

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People's Front (Ukraine)

People's Front (Народний фронт; also translated as National Front or Popular Front) is a political party in Ukraine founded by Arseniy Yatsenyuk and Oleksandr Turchynov in 2014.

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People's Partnership

The People's Partnership is a political coalition in Trinidad and Tobago among four political parties: the United National Congress, the Congress of the People, the Tobago Organization of the People, the National Joint Action Committee.

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Pepe Jeans

Pepe Jeans London is a denim and casual wear jeans brand established in the Portobello Road area of London in 1973, and based in Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain.

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Personality rights

The right of publicity, often called personality rights, is the right of an individual to control the commercial use of his or her name, image, likeness, or other unequivocal aspects of one's identity.

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Pervez Musharraf

Pervez Musharraf (پرویز مشرف; born 11 August 1943) is a Pakistani politician and a retired four-star army general who was the tenth President of Pakistan from 2001 until tendering resignation, to avoid impeachment, in 2008.

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Peter Mossack

Peter Mossack is a German interim management consultant, and brother of Jürgen Mossack the co-founder of Mossack Fonseca, a law firm headquartered in Panama City with more than 40 offices worldwide, one of the world's biggest offshore shell company businesses, with clients ranging from British bankers to Mexican drug cartels (Panama Papers).

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Petro Poroshenko

Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko (Петро́ Олексі́йович Пороше́нко,; born 26 September 1965) is the fifth and current President of Ukraine (excluding acting president Oleksandr Turchynov), in office since 2014.

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Petro Poroshenko Bloc "Solidarity"

The Petro Poroshenko Bloc "Solidarity" (Блок Петра Порошенка «Солідарність», Blok Petra Poroshenka «Solidarnist'»), is a political party in Ukraine, formed on 27 August 2014.

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Petrobras

Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. — Petrobras, more commonly known as simply Petrobras, is a semi-public Brazilian multinational corporation in the petroleum industry headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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Pierre Moscovici

Pierre Moscovici (born 16 September 1957) is a French politician currently serving as the European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs.

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Piggate

"Piggate" refers to an uncorroborated anecdote that during his university years former British Prime Minister David Cameron put a "private part of his anatomy" into a dead pig's mouth as part of an initiation ceremony for the Piers Gaveston Society.

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Politburo of the Communist Party of China

The Central Politburo of the Communist Party of China, formally known as the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and known as Central Bureau (中央局) before 1927, is a group of 25 people who oversee the Communist Party of China.

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Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China

The Standing Committee of the Central Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China, usually known as the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Communist Party of China.

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Politically exposed person

In financial regulation, "politically exposed person" (PEP) is a term describing someone who has been entrusted with a prominent public function.

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Preet Bharara

Preetinder Singh Bharara (born October 13, 1968) is an American lawyer who served as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 2009 to 2017.

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Premier of New South Wales

The Premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

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President of the Generalitat of Catalonia

The President of the Generalitat of Catalonia (President de la Generalitat de Catalunya) is one of the bodies that the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia stipulates as part of the Generalitat de Catalunya, others being the Parliament, the government, the Consell de Garanties Estatutàries and the Síndic de Greuges.

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Prime Minister of Australia

The Prime Minister of Australia (sometimes informally abbreviated to PM) is the head of government of Australia.

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Prime Minister of Iceland

The Prime Minister of Iceland (Forsætisráðherra Íslands) is Iceland's head of government.

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Prime Minister of Spain

The Prime Minister of Spain, officially the President of the Government of Spain (Presidente del Gobierno de España), is the head of the government of Spain.

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the United Kingdom government.

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PRISA

Promotora de Informaciones, S.A (PRISA) is a Spanish media conglomerate.

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Proceso (magazine)

Proceso (Spanish: "Process") is a left-wing Mexican news magazine published in Mexico City.

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Proprietary software

Proprietary software is non-free computer software for which the software's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights—usually copyright of the source code, but sometimes patent rights.

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Public Eye (organization)

Public Eye (German: Erklärung von Bern, commonly shortened to EvB until September 2016; French: Déclartion de Berne; Italian: Dichiarazione di Bern) is a sustainability-oriented, politically and religiously independent solidarity development non-governmental organisation based in Switzerland.

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Quid pro quo

Quid pro quo ("something for something" in Latin) is a phrase used in English to mean an exchange of goods or services, in which one transfer is contingent upon the other; "a favour for a favour".

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Radical Party of Oleh Lyashko

The Radical Party (Радикальна Партія) is a political party in Ukraine.

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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a broadcasting organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analysis to countries in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East where it says that "the free flow of information is either banned by government authorities or not fully developed".

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Rafael Correa

Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado (born 6 April 1963) is an Ecuadorian politician and economist who served as President of Ecuador from 2007 to 2017.

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Raiffeisen Zentralbank

Raiffeisen Zentralbank Österreich A.G. was the central institution of the Raiffeisen Banking Group Austria (RBG).

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Ramón Fonseca Mora

Ramón Fonseca Mora (born 14 July 1952) is a Panamanian novelist and lawyer, the co-founder of Mossack Fonseca, a law firm based in Panama with more than 40 offices worldwide.

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Rami Makhlouf

Rami Makhlouf (d; born 10 July 1969) is a wealthy Syrian businessman and the maternal cousin of President Bashar al-Assad.

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Ravi Karunanayake

Ravindra Sandresh Karunanayake, MP (born 19 February 1963) is a Sri Lankan politician.

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Real estate

Real estate is "property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this (also) an item of real property, (more generally) buildings or housing in general.

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Real Madrid C.F.

Real Madrid Club de Fútbol ("Royal Madrid Football Club"), commonly known as Real Madrid, or simply as Real, is a professional football club based in Madrid, Spain.

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Rede Globo

Rede Globo (Globe Network), or simply Globo, is a Brazilian free-to-air television network, launched by media proprietor Roberto Marinho on 26 April 1965.

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Rehman Malik

Abdul Rehman Malik (Urdu: رحمان ملک; b. 12 December 1951) ''NI'', is a Pakistani politician and retired bureaucrat, having served as the Interior minister from being appointed on 25 March 2008 until 16 March 2013.

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Renminbi

The renminbi (Ab.: RMB;; sign: 元; code: CNY) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China.

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Republic of the Congo

The Republic of the Congo (République du Congo), also known as the Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply the Congo, is a country in Central Africa.

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Reserve Bank of India

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is India's central banking institution, which controls the monetary policy of the Indian rupee.

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Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe

The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe is the central bank of Zimbabwe.

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Reuters

Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

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Ricardo Salinas Pliego

Ricardo Benjamín Salinas Pliego (born 19 October 1955) is a Mexican businessman, the founder and chairman of Grupo Salinas, a group of companies with interests in telecommunications, media, financial services, and retail stores.

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Rio Tinto Group

Rio Tinto Group is an Australian-British multinational and one of the world's largest metals and mining corporations.

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RIU Hotels

RIU Hotels & Resorts is a Spanish hotel chain founded by the Riu family as a small holiday firm in 1953.

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Riyadh

Riyadh (/rɨˈjɑːd/; الرياض ar-Riyāḍ Najdi pronunciation) is the capital and most populous city of Saudi Arabia.

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Robert Mugabe

Robert Gabriel Mugabe (born 21 February 1924) is a former Zimbabwean politician and revolutionary who served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then as President from 1987 to 2017.

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Rodrigo Rato

Rodrigo de Rato y Figaredo (born 18 March 1949) is a Spanish political figure who served in the government of Spain as Minister of the Economy from 1996 to 2004; a member of the conservative People's Party (PP), he was also First Deputy Prime Minister from 2003 to 2004.

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Roshen

Roshen Confectionery Corporation (Kondyterska Korporatsiya «Roshen») is a Ukrainian confectionery manufacturing group, controlled by Petro Poroshenko.

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Rothschild & Co

Rothschild & Co (formerly Paris Orléans) is a financial holding company listed on Euronext Paris and controlled by the French and English branch of the Rothschild family.

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Royal Bank of Canada

The Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) is a Canadian multinational financial services company and the largest bank in Canada by market capitalization.

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Royal Dutch Shell

Royal Dutch Shell plc, commonly known as Shell, is a British–Dutch multinational oil and gas company headquartered in the Netherlands and incorporated in the United Kingdom.

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Saa Emerson Lamina

Saa Emerson Lamina, born in Koidutown, Kono District, is a Sierra Leoneean politician and the Mayor of Koidu City.

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Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003.

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Salman of Saudi Arabia

Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (سلمان بن عبد العزیز آل سعود; born 31 December 1935) is the King of Saudi Arabia, Prime Minister, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and head of the House of Saud.

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Salon (website)

Salon is an American news and opinion website, created by David Talbot in 1995 and currently owned by the Salon Media Group.

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Sam Nujoma

Samuel Shafiishuna Daniel "Sam" Nujoma, (born 12 May 1929) is a Namibian revolutionary, anti-apartheid activist and politician who served three terms as the first President of Namibia, from 1990 to 2005.

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Samaa TV

SAMAA TV (سماء) is a Pakistani news and entertainment television network.

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Sameer Gehlaut

Sameer Gehlaut is Chairman and Founder of Indiabulls Group.

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Samih Sawiris

Samih Onsi Sawiris (سميح أنسي ساويرس; born in 1957) is an Egyptian-Montenegrin businessman and billionaire and second of three sons of Onsi Sawiris, the other two being Naguib Sawiris and Nassef Sawiris.

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Samoa

Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa (Malo Saʻoloto Tutoʻatasi o Sāmoa; Sāmoa) and, until 4 July 1997, known as Western Samoa, is a unitary parliamentary democracy with eleven administrative divisions.

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Sanford I. Weill

Sanford I. "Sandy" Weill (born March 16, 1933) is an American banker, financier and philanthropist.

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Sark

Sark (Sercq; Sercquiais: Sèr or Cerq) is an island in the Channel Islands in the southwestern English Channel, off the coast of Normandy, France.

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Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario

Sault Ste.

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São Paulo

São Paulo is a municipality in the southeast region of Brazil.

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Süddeutsche Zeitung

The Süddeutsche Zeitung (German for South German Newspaper), published in Munich, Bavaria, is one of the largest daily newspapers in Germany.

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Sean Mulryan

Sean Mulryan (born September 1954) is an IrishTelegraph:, accessdate: 1 September 2014 property developer, and the founder and chairman and CEO of the Ballymore Group, a Dublin-based international property development company.

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SEB Group

Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Scandinavian Individual Bank), abbreviated SEB, is a Swedish financial group for corporate customers, institutions and private individuals with headquarters in Stockholm.

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Sebastián Casanello

Sebastián Casanello (Buenos Aires, December 14th 1974) is an Argentine Federal Judge.

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Secretary (title)

Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization.

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Secretary-General of the United Nations

The Secretary-General of the United Nations (UNSG or just SG) is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.

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Senegalese Democratic Party

The Senegalese Democratic Party (Parti Démocratique Sénégalais) is a political party in Senegal.

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Sergei Magnitsky

Sergei Leonidovich Magnitsky (Серге́й Леони́дович Магни́тский; 8 April 1972 – 16 November 2009) was a Russian tax accountant who specialized in anti-corruption activities.

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Sergei Roldugin

Sergei Pavlovich Roldugin (Russian: Сергей Павлович Ролдугин, born September 28, 1951 Sakhalin) is a Russian cellist and businessman, based in St Petersburg.

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Seychelles

Seychelles (French), officially the Republic of Seychelles (République des Seychelles; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an archipelago and sovereign state in the Indian Ocean.

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Sharjah

Sharjah (الشارقة; Gulf Arabic: aš-šārja) is the third largest and third most populous city in the United Arab Emirates, forming part of the Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area.

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Shehbaz Sharif

Mian Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif (born 23 September 1951) is a Pakistani politician who is the current President of the Pakistan Muslim League-N. He recently served as the Chief Minister of Punjab from June 2013 to May 2018 which was his third term.

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Shell corporation

A shell company is a company that exists only on paper and has no office and no employees, but may have a bank account or may hold passive investments or be the registered owner of assets, such as intellectual property, or ships.

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Sherrod Brown

Sherrod Campbell Brown (born November 9, 1952) is an American politician who is the senior United States Senator from Ohio, elected in 2006.

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Shishir Bajoria

Shishir Kumar Bajoria (born 1956/57) is an Indian industrialist, the head of S K Bajoria Group.

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Shlomo Moussaieff (businessman)

Shlomo Moussaieff (1925 – July 1, 2015) was an Israeli jeweler, of Bukharan Jewish descent, who was the grandson of the wealthy gemstone trader Rabbi Moussaieff from Uzbekistan.

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Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa.

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Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson

Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson (born 12 March 1975) is an Icelandic politician who was the youngest serving Prime Minister of Iceland from May 2013 until April 2016.

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Silvio Berlusconi

Silvio Berlusconi (born 29 September 1936) is an Italian media tycoon and politician who has served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments.

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Simandou mine

The Simandou mine is a large iron mine located in the Simandou mountain range of southern Guinea's Nzérékoré Region.

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Simmons & Simmons

Simmons & Simmons is an international legal practice with over 1,500 people and 21 offices located in major business and financial centres throughout Europe, the Middle East and Asia.

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Sina Weibo

Sina Weibo is a Chinese microblogging (weibo) website.

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Snap election

A snap election is an election called earlier than expected.

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Société Générale

Société Générale S.A. (often nicknamed "SocGen" (pronounced "so jenn") in the international financial world) is a French multinational banking and financial services company headquartered in Paris.

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Société Nationale des Pétroles du Congo

Société nationale des pétroles du Congo (the National Petroleum Company of the Congo, SNPC) is a national oil company of the Republic of the Congo.

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Sonangol Group

Group Sonangol (Grupo Sonangol) is a parastatal that oversees petroleum and natural gas production in Angola.

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Spanish royal family

The House of Bourbon-Anjou (or simply House of Bourbon-Spain) is the current Spanish Royal Family.

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Sports Direct

Sports Direct International plc is a British retailing group.

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SQL injection

SQL injection is a code injection technique, used to attack data-driven applications, in which nefarious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution (e.g. to dump the database contents to the attacker).

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Stanley Kubrick

Stanley Kubrick (July 26, 1928 – March 7, 1999) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer.

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Stavros Papastavrou

Stavros Papastavrou (Σταύρος Παπασταύρου; born 1967) is a Greek politician.

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Stöð 2

Stöð 2 is an Icelandic television channel, owned and operated by 365.

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Stefan Löfven

Kjell Stefan Löfven (born 21 July 1957) is a Swedish politician serving as the 33rd and current Prime Minister of Sweden since 2014 and Leader of the Social Democrats since 2012.

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Stonehage Fleming

Stonehage Fleming is a London-based wealth management company, a multi-family office, that invests on behalf of wealthy families, individuals and charitable endowments.

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Supreme Court of Pakistan

The Supreme Court of Pakistan (عدالت عظمیٰ پاکستان; Adālat-e-Uzma Pākistān) is the apex court in the judicial hierarchy of Pakistan.

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Supreme Court of Spain

The Supreme Court of Spain (Tribunal Supremo de España; TS) is the highest court in Spain for all matters not pertaining to the Spanish Constitution.

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Supreme Federal Court

The Supreme Federal Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal,, abbreviated STF) is the supreme court (court of last resort) of Brazil, serving primarily as the Constitutional Court of the country.

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Sveriges Television

SVT is the Swedish national public TV broadcaster, funded by a television licence fee payable by all owners of television sets, and set by the Riksdag.

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Swedbank

Swedbank AB is a Nordic-Baltic banking group based in Stockholm, Sweden, offering retail banking, asset management, financial, and other services.

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Swiss Leaks

Swiss Leaks (or SwissLeaks) is the name of a journalistic investigation, released in February 2015, of a giant tax evasion scheme allegedly operated with the knowledge and encouragement of the British multinational bank HSBC via its Swiss subsidiary, HSBC Private Bank (Suisse).

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Syrian Civil War

The Syrian Civil War (الحرب الأهلية السورية, Al-ḥarb al-ʼahliyyah as-sūriyyah) is an ongoing multi-sided armed conflict in Syria fought primarily between the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic led by President Bashar al-Assad, along with its allies, and various forces opposing both the government and each other in varying combinations.

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Taipei

Taipei, officially known as Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of Taiwan (officially known as the Republic of China, "ROC").

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Tamedia

Tamedia AG is a media company headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland.

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Tax avoidance

Tax avoidance is the legal usage of the tax regime in a single territory to one's own advantage to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law.

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Tax evasion

Tax evasion is the illegal evasion of taxes by individuals, corporations, and trusts.

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Tax haven

A tax haven is defined as a jurisdiction with very low "effective" rates of taxation ("headline" rates may be higher).

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Tax information exchange agreement

Tax information exchange agreements (TIEA) provide for the exchange of information on request relating to a specific criminal or civil tax investigation or civil tax matters under investigation.

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Tax Justice Network

The Tax Justice Network (or TJN), is an independent advocacy group consisting of a coalition of international researchers and activists with a shared concern about tax avoidance, tax competition, tax evasion, and tax havens.

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Tax residence

The criteria for residence for tax purposes vary considerably from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and "residence" can be different for other, non-tax purposes.

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Taxation in Australia

There are many forms of taxation in Australia.

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Taxation in India

Taxes in India are levied by the Central Government and the state governments.

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TechRepublic

TechRepublic is an online trade publication and social community for IT professionals, with advice on best practices and tools for the day-to-day needs of IT decision-makers.

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Teddy Sagi

Teddy Sagi (born 1971) is an Israeli-Cypriot businessman, partially based in London.

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Telesur (TV channel)

Telesur (stylised as teleSUR) is a multi-state funded, Latin American terrestrial and satellite television network headquartered in Caracas, Venezuela.

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Terabyte

The terabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

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Thabo Mbeki

Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki (born 18 June 1942) is a South African politician who served as the second President of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008.

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The Bank of New York Mellon

The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, which does business as BNY Mellon, is an American worldwide banking and financial services holding company headquartered in New York City.

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The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

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The Irish Times

The Irish Times is an Irish daily broadsheet newspaper launched on 29 March 1859.

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The Kansas City Star

The Kansas City Star is a newspaper based in Kansas City, Missouri, in the United States.

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The McClatchy Company

The McClatchy Company is a publicly traded American publishing company based in Sacramento, California.

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The Namibian

The Namibian is the largest daily newspaper in Namibia.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The New Yorker

The New Yorker is an American magazine of reportage, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.

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The Reykjavík Grapevine

The Reykjavík Grapevine is an English language Icelandic magazine based in the Icelandic capital of Reykjavík.

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The Shining (film)

The Shining is a 1980 horror film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick and co-written with novelist Diane Johnson.

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The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal is a U.S. business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City.

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Tiffany & Co.

Tiffany & Company (known colloquially as Tiffany or Tiffany's) is an American luxury jewelry and specialty retailer, headquartered in New York City.

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Time deposit

A time deposit or term deposit (also known as a certificate of deposit in the United States) is a deposit with a specified period of maturity and earns interest.

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Tobago

Tobago is an autonomous island within the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.

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Tony Buckingham

Anthony Leslie Rowland "Tony" Buckingham is a former North Sea oil-rig diver and is currently an oil industry executive with a significant share holding in Heritage Oil Corporation.

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Tracfin

For the Canadian agency, see FINTRAC. Tracfin (Traitement du renseignement et action contre les circuits financiers clandestins) is a service of the French Ministry of Finances.

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Traffic Group

Traffic Group is a sports event management company founded in Brazil, headquartered in São Paulo.

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Transparency International

Transparency International e.V. (TI) is an international non-governmental organization which is based in Berlin, Germany, and was founded in 1993.

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Trouw

Trouw (fidelity) is a Dutch daily newspaper appearing in compact size.

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Trustee

Trustee (or the holding of a trusteeship) is a legal term which, in its broadest sense, is a synonym for anyone in a position of trust and so can refer to any person who holds property, authority, or a position of trust or responsibility for the benefit of another.

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TV Azteca

TV Azteca, S.A.B. de C.V. is a Mexican multimedia conglomerate owned by Grupo Salinas.

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TVN (Panama)

TVN is a television network headquartered in Panama City, Panama, with repeaters throughout the country.

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U2

U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976.

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UBS

UBS Group AG is a Swiss multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland.

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UEFA

The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA; Union des Associations Européennes de Football; Vereinigung Europäischer Fußballverbände) is the administrative body for association football in Europe, although several member states are primarily or entirely located in Asia.

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UEFA Champions League

The UEFA Champions League is an annual continental club football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and contested by top-division European clubs.

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Uganda Revenue Authority

The Uganda Revenue Authority (URA) is a government revenue collection agency established by the Parliament of Uganda.

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Ukraine

Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.

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Umaru Musa Yar'Adua

Umaru Musa Yar'Adua (16 August 19515 May 2010) was the 13th president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

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Umid gas field

Umid gas field (Ümid qaz yatağı) is the second largest natural gas field in Azerbaijan.

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United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates (UAE; دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة), sometimes simply called the Emirates (الإمارات), is a federal absolute monarchy sovereign state in Western Asia at the southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United National Congress

The United National Congress (UNC) is one of the two major political parties in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and one of the main parties in the current opposition.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.

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United States Department of the Treasury

The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is an executive department and the treasury of the United States federal government.

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United States diplomatic cables leak

The United States diplomatic cables leak, widely known as Cablegate, began on Sunday, 28 November 2010 when WikiLeaks—a non-profit organization that publishes submissions from anonymous whistleblowers—began releasing classified cables that had been sent to the U.S. State Department by 274 of its consulates, embassies, and diplomatic missions around the world.

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Université de Sherbrooke

The Université de Sherbrooke is a large public French-language university in Quebec, Canada with campuses located in Sherbrooke and Longueuil, a suburb of Montreal approximately west of Sherbrooke.

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University of British Columbia

The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a public research university with campuses in Vancouver and Kelowna, British Columbia.

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University of Costa Rica

The University of Costa Rica (Spanish: Universidad de Costa Rica, abbreviated UCR) is a public university in the Republic of Costa Rica, in Central America.

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University of Technology Sydney

The University of Technology Sydney (UTS) is a public research university located in Sydney, Australia.

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Universo Online

Universo Online (known by the acronym UOL) is a Brazilian web content, products and services firm.

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Valcambi

Valcambi is a precious metals refining company located in Balerna, Switzerland.

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Vale (company)

Vale S.A. is a Brazilian multinational corporation engaged in metals and mining and one of the largest logistics operators in Brazil.

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Vanuatu

Vanuatu (or; Bislama, French), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (République de Vanuatu, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is a Pacific island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Vector (malware)

A vector in computing, specifically when talking about malicious code such as viruses or worms, is the method that this code uses to propagate itself or infect a computer.

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Verkhovna Rada

The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (Верхо́вна Ра́да Украї́ни, Ukrainian abbreviation ВРУ; literally Supreme Council of Ukraine), often simply Verkhovna Rada or just Rada, is the unicameral parliament of Ukraine.

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Vienna

Vienna (Wien) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria.

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Viktor Yanukovych

Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych (Ві́ктор Фе́дорович Януко́вич,; born 9 July 1950) is a Ukrainian politician who was elected as the fourth President of Ukraine on 7 February 2010.

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Vince Cable

Sir John Vincent Cable (born 9 May 1943) is a British politician serving as Leader of the Liberal Democrats and Member of Parliament for Twickenham since 2017.

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Vito Roberto Palazzolo

Vito Roberto Palazzolo (born July 31, 1947) is an Italian businessman previously living in South Africa.

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Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (a; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian statesman and former intelligence officer serving as President of Russia since 2012, previously holding the position from 2000 until 2008.

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VTB Bank

VTB Bank (Russian: ПАО Банк ВТБ, former Vneshtorgbank, lit. foreign trade bank) is one of the leading universal banks of Russia.

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Vulnerability (computing)

In computer security, a vulnerability is a weakness which can be exploited by a Threat Actor, such as an attacker, to perform unauthorized actions within a computer system.

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Wayback Machine

The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web and other information on the Internet.

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West Bengal

West Bengal (Paśchimbāṅga) is an Indian state, located in Eastern India on the Bay of Bengal.

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Westdeutscher Rundfunk

Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (WDR, West German Broadcasting Cologne) is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne.

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WikiLeaks

WikiLeaks is an international non-profit organisation that publishes secret information, news leaks, and classified media provided by anonymous sources.

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Winebox Inquiry

The Winebox Inquiry was an inquiry undertaken in New Zealand to investigate claims of corruption and incompetence in the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) and Inland Revenue Department (IRD).

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WordPress

WordPress is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) based on PHP and MySQL.

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Workers' Party (Brazil)

The Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT) is a political party in Brazil.

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World Bank

The World Bank (Banque mondiale) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects.

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Xi Jinping

Xi Jinping (born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician currently serving as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), President of the People's Republic of China, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission.

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Yle

Yleisradio Oy (Finnish), also known as Rundradion (Swedish) or the Finnish Broadcasting Company (English), abbreviated to Yle (pronounced /yle/; previously stylised as YLE before the 2012 corporate rebrand), is Finland's national public broadcasting company, founded in 1926.

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Yousaf Raza Gillani

Syed Yousuf Raza Gillani also spelled Gilani (Urdu:;; born 9 July 1952) is a Pakistani politician who served as 19th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 25 March 2008 until his retroactive disqualification and ouster by the Supreme Court of Pakistan on 26 April 2012.

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Yoweri Museveni

Yoweri Museveni (born 15 September 1944) is a Ugandan politician who has been the President of Uganda since 1986.

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Yves Bouvier

Yves Bouvier (born 8 September 1963) is a Swiss businessman and art dealer best known for his role in the Bouvier Affair.

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Zhang Gaoli

Zhang Gaoli (born November 1946) served as the first-ranked Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China.

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2016 Icelandic anti-government protests

The 2016 Icelandic anti-government protests were a series of protests against the Icelandic government following the release of the Panama Papers.

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365 (media corporation)

365 is a mass media company in Iceland, which operates eight TV stations, five radio stations, one newspaper and a website.

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39th G8 summit

The 39th G8 summit was held on 17–18 June 2013, at the Lough Erne Resort, a five-star hotel and golf resort on the shore of Lough Erne in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.

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3G

3G, short for third generation, is the third generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology.

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International reactions to the Panama Papers, Mossack Fonseca Papers, Mossack Fonseca leak, Panama Paper, Panama Papers leak, Panama Papers scandal, Panama leak, Panama leaks, Panama papers, The Panama Papers.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Papers

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