Table of Contents
890 relations: ACKR3, Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis, Acute-phase protein, Adaptive immune system, Addison's disease, Addressin, Adjuvant, Adoptive immunity, Affinity maturation, Allelic exclusion, Allergen, Allergen immunotherapy, Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Allergic contact dermatitis, Allergic rhinitis, Allergy, Alloimmunity, Allotransplantation, Allotype (immunology), Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, Alpha-1 antitrypsin, Alpha-2-Macroglobulin, Alpha-5 beta-1, Alpha-taxilin, Alpha-v beta-3, Alpha-v beta-5, Alternative complement pathway, Alveolar macrophage, Amyloid, Anaphylatoxin receptors, Anaphylaxis, Antibody, Antibody opsonization, Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, Antigen, Antigen presentation, Antimicrobial peptides, AP-1 transcription factor, APRIL (protein), Arthus reaction, Artificial induction of immunity, Asialoglycoprotein, Asthma, Atopic dermatitis, Atopy, Autoantibody, Autoimmune disease, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Autoimmune hepatitis, Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, ... Expand index (840 more) »
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ACKR3
Atypical chemokine receptor 3 also known as C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR-7) and G-protein coupled receptor 159 (GPR159) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACKR3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and ACKR3
Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis
Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis is a disorder of the small blood vessels of the kidney.
See Outline of immunology and Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis
Acute-phase protein
Acute-phase proteins (APPs) are a class of proteins whose concentrations in blood plasma either increase (positive acute-phase proteins) or decrease (negative acute-phase proteins) in response to inflammation. Outline of immunology and acute-phase protein are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Acute-phase protein
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune system, or specific immune system is a subsystem of the immune system that is composed of specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth. Outline of immunology and adaptive immune system are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Adaptive immune system
Addison's disease
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare long-term endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate production of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the cells of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex), causing adrenal insufficiency.
See Outline of immunology and Addison's disease
Addressin
Mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MADCAM1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Addressin
Adjuvant
In pharmacology, an adjuvant is a drug or other substance, or a combination of substances, that is used to increase the efficacy or potency of certain drugs.
See Outline of immunology and Adjuvant
Adoptive immunity
Adoptive immunity acts in a host after their immunological components are withdrawn, their immunological activity is modified extracorporeally, and then reinfused into the same host. Outline of immunology and Adoptive immunity are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Adoptive immunity
Affinity maturation
In immunology, affinity maturation is the process by which TFH cell-activated B cells produce antibodies with increased affinity for antigen during the course of an immune response. Outline of immunology and affinity maturation are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Affinity maturation
Allelic exclusion
Allelic exclusion is a process by which only one allele of a gene is expressed while the other allele is silenced.
See Outline of immunology and Allelic exclusion
Allergen
An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body. Outline of immunology and allergen are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Allergen
Allergen immunotherapy
Allergen immunotherapy, also known as desensitization or hypo-sensitization, is a medical treatment for environmental allergies (such as insect bites) and asthma.
See Outline of immunology and Allergen immunotherapy
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a condition characterised by an exaggerated response of the immune system (a hypersensitivity response) to the fungus Aspergillus (most commonly Aspergillus fumigatus).
See Outline of immunology and Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Allergic contact dermatitis
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a form of contact dermatitis that is the manifestation of an allergic response caused by contact with a substance; the other type being irritant contact dermatitis (ICD).
See Outline of immunology and Allergic contact dermatitis
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis, of which the seasonal type is called hay fever, is a type of inflammation in the nose that occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air.
See Outline of immunology and Allergic rhinitis
Allergy
Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. Outline of immunology and allergy are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Allergy
Alloimmunity
Alloimmunity (sometimes called isoimmunity) is an immune response to nonself antigens from members of the same species, which are called alloantigens or isoantigens. Outline of immunology and Alloimmunity are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Alloimmunity
Allotransplantation
Allotransplant (allo- meaning "other" in Greek) is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs to a recipient from a genetically non-identical donor of the same species. Outline of immunology and Allotransplantation are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Allotransplantation
Allotype (immunology)
The word allotype comes from two Greek roots, allo meaning 'other or differing from the norm' and typos meaning 'mark'.
See Outline of immunology and Allotype (immunology)
Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (symbol α1AC, A1AC, or a1ACT) is an alpha globulin glycoprotein that is a member of the serpin superfamily.
See Outline of immunology and Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
Alpha-1 antitrypsin
Alpha-1 antitrypsin or α1-antitrypsin (A1AT, α1AT, A1A, or AAT) is a protein belonging to the serpin superfamily.
See Outline of immunology and Alpha-1 antitrypsin
Alpha-2-Macroglobulin
α2-Macroglobulin (α2M) or alpha-2-macroglobulin is a large (720 KDa) plasma protein found in the blood.
See Outline of immunology and Alpha-2-Macroglobulin
Alpha-5 beta-1
α5β1, also known as the fibronectin receptor, is an integrin that binds to matrix macromolecules and proteinases and thereby stimulates angiogenesis.
See Outline of immunology and Alpha-5 beta-1
Alpha-taxilin
Alpha-taxilin also known as interleukin-14 (IL-14) or high molecular weight B-cell growth factor (HMW-BCGF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TXLNA gene.
See Outline of immunology and Alpha-taxilin
Alpha-v beta-3
αVβ3 is a type of integrin that is a receptor for vitronectin.
See Outline of immunology and Alpha-v beta-3
Alpha-v beta-5
αVβ5 is a type of integrin that binds to matrix macromolecules and proteinases and thereby stimulates angiogenesis.
See Outline of immunology and Alpha-v beta-5
Alternative complement pathway
The alternative pathway is a type of cascade reaction of the complement system and is a component of the innate immune system, a natural defense against infections.
See Outline of immunology and Alternative complement pathway
Alveolar macrophage
An alveolar macrophage, pulmonary macrophage, (or dust cell) is a type of macrophage, a professional phagocyte, found in the airways and at the level of the alveoli in the lungs, but separated from their walls.
See Outline of immunology and Alveolar macrophage
Amyloid
Amyloids are aggregates of proteins characterised by a fibrillar morphology of typically 7–13 nm in diameter, a β-sheet secondary structure (known as cross-β) and ability to be stained by particular dyes, such as Congo red.
See Outline of immunology and Amyloid
Anaphylatoxin receptors
The anaphylatoxin receptors are a group of G-protein coupled receptors which bind anaphylatoxins.
See Outline of immunology and Anaphylatoxin receptors
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis (Greek: ana- ‘against’ + phylaxis ‘guarding’) is a serious, potentially fatal allergic reaction and medical emergency that is rapid in onset and requires immediate medical attention regardless of the use of emergency medication on site.
See Outline of immunology and Anaphylaxis
Antibody
An antibody (Ab) is the secreted form of a B cell receptor; the term immunoglobulin (Ig) can refer to either the membrane-bound form or the secreted form of the B cell receptor, but they are, broadly speaking, the same protein, and so the terms are often treated as synonymous. Outline of immunology and antibody are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Antibody
Antibody opsonization
Antibody opsonization is a process by which a pathogen is marked for phagocytosis through coating of a target cell with antibodies. Outline of immunology and antibody opsonization are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Antibody opsonization
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), also referred to as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is a mechanism of cell-mediated immune defense whereby an effector cell of the immune system kills a target cell, whose membrane-surface antigens have been bound by specific antibodies. Outline of immunology and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Antigen
In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. Outline of immunology and antigen are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Antigen
Antigen presentation
Antigen presentation is a vital immune process that is essential for T cell immune response triggering. Outline of immunology and Antigen presentation are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Antigen presentation
Antimicrobial peptides
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life. Outline of immunology and Antimicrobial peptides are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Antimicrobial peptides
AP-1 transcription factor
Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections.
See Outline of immunology and AP-1 transcription factor
APRIL (protein)
A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13 (TNFSF13), is a protein of the TNF superfamily recognized by the cell surface receptor TACI.
See Outline of immunology and APRIL (protein)
Arthus reaction
In immunology, the Arthus reaction is a type of local type III hypersensitivity reaction.
See Outline of immunology and Arthus reaction
Artificial induction of immunity
Artificial induction of immunity is immunization achieved by human efforts in preventive healthcare, as opposed to (and augmenting) natural immunity as produced by organisms' immune systems.
See Outline of immunology and Artificial induction of immunity
Asialoglycoprotein
If terminal sialic acid residues are removed from glycoproteins, the resulting proteins are known as asialoglycoproteins.
See Outline of immunology and Asialoglycoprotein
Asthma
Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.
See Outline of immunology and Asthma
Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a long-term type of inflammation of the skin (dermatitis).
See Outline of immunology and Atopic dermatitis
Atopy
Atopy is the tendency to produce an exaggerated immunoglobulin E (IgE) immune response to otherwise harmless substances in the environment.
See Outline of immunology and Atopy
Autoantibody
An autoantibody is an antibody (a type of protein) produced by the immune system that is directed against one or more of the individual's own proteins.
See Outline of immunology and Autoantibody
Autoimmune disease
An autoimmune disease is a condition that results from an anomalous response of the adaptive immune system, wherein it mistakenly targets and attacks healthy, functioning parts of the body as if they were foreign organisms.
See Outline of immunology and Autoimmune disease
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an autoimmune disorder which occurs when antibodies directed against the person's own red blood cells (RBCs) cause them to burst (lyse), leading to an insufficient number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in circulation (anemia).
See Outline of immunology and Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Autoimmune hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis, formerly known as lupoid hepatitis, plasma cell hepatitis, or autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, is a chronic, autoimmune disease of the liver that occurs when the body's immune system attacks liver cells, causing the liver to be inflamed.
See Outline of immunology and Autoimmune hepatitis
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APSs), also called polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PGASs) or polyendocrine autoimmune syndromes (PASs), are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by autoimmune activity against more than one endocrine organ, although non-endocrine organs can be affected.
See Outline of immunology and Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
Autoimmunity
In immunology, autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells, tissues and other normal body constituents. Outline of immunology and autoimmunity are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Autoimmunity
B cell
B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. Outline of immunology and b cell are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and B cell
B-cell activating factor
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B and CD257 among other names, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF13B gene.
See Outline of immunology and B-cell activating factor
B-cell maturation antigen
B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA or BCM), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17 (TNFRSF17), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF17 gene.
See Outline of immunology and B-cell maturation antigen
B-cell receptor
The B-cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell.
See Outline of immunology and B-cell receptor
B1 cell
B1 cells are a sub-class of B cell lymphocytes that are involved in the humoral immune response. Outline of immunology and B1 cell are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and B1 cell
BAFF receptor
BAFF receptor (B-cell activating factor receptor, BAFF-R), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13C (TNFRSF13C) and BLyS receptor 3 (BR3), is a membrane protein of the TNF receptor superfamily which recognizes BAFF, an essential factor for B cell maturation and survival.
See Outline of immunology and BAFF receptor
Band cell
A band cell (also called band neutrophil, band form or stab cell) is a cell undergoing granulopoiesis, derived from a metamyelocyte, and leading to a mature granulocyte.
See Outline of immunology and Band cell
Basophil
Basophils are a type of white blood cell.
See Outline of immunology and Basophil
BCL6
Bcl-6 (B-cell lymphoma 6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCL6 gene.
See Outline of immunology and BCL6
BioMed Central
BioMed Central (BMC) is a United Kingdom-based, for-profit scientific open access publisher that produces over 250 scientific journals.
See Outline of immunology and BioMed Central
Blood
Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.
See Outline of immunology and Blood
Bone
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals.
See Outline of immunology and Bone
Bone marrow
Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones.
See Outline of immunology and Bone marrow
Bone marrow-derived macrophage
Bone-marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) refers to macrophage cells that are generated in a research laboratory from mammalian bone marrow cells. Outline of immunology and bone marrow-derived macrophage are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Bone marrow-derived macrophage
Bullous pemphigoid
Bullous pemphigoid (a type of pemphigoid) is an autoimmune pruritic skin disease that typically occurs in people aged over 60, that may involve the formation of blisters (bullae) in the space between the epidermal and dermal skin layers.
See Outline of immunology and Bullous pemphigoid
C-C chemokine receptor type 6
Chemokine receptor 6 also known as CCR6 is a CC chemokine receptor protein which in humans is encoded by the CCR6 gene.
See Outline of immunology and C-C chemokine receptor type 6
C-C chemokine receptor type 7
C-C chemokine receptor type 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR7 gene.
See Outline of immunology and C-C chemokine receptor type 7
C-reactive protein
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation.
See Outline of immunology and C-reactive protein
C1-inhibitor
C1-inhibitor (C1-inh, C1 esterase inhibitor) is a protease inhibitor belonging to the serpin superfamily.
See Outline of immunology and C1-inhibitor
C3-convertase
C3 convertase (C4bC2b, formerly C4b2a) belongs to family of serine proteases and is necessary in innate immunity as a part of the complement system which eventuate in opsonisation of particles, release of inflammatory peptides, C5 convertase formation and cell lysis.
See Outline of immunology and C3-convertase
C3a (complement)
C3a is one of the proteins formed by the cleavage of complement component 3; the other is C3b.
See Outline of immunology and C3a (complement)
C3a receptor
The C3a receptor also known as complement component 3a receptor 1 (C3AR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor protein involved in the complement system.
See Outline of immunology and C3a receptor
C3b
C3b is the larger of two elements formed by the cleavage of complement component 3, and is considered an important part of the innate immune system.
See Outline of immunology and C3b
C4b-binding protein
C4b-binding protein (C4BP) is a protein complex involved in the complement system where it acts as inhibitor.
See Outline of immunology and C4b-binding protein
C5-convertase
C5 convertase is an enzyme belonging to a family of serine proteases that play key role in the innate immunity.
See Outline of immunology and C5-convertase
C5a receptor
The C5a receptor also known as complement component 5a receptor 1 (C5AR1) or CD88 (Cluster of Differentiation 88) is a G protein-coupled receptor for C5a.
See Outline of immunology and C5a receptor
C5AR2
Complement component 5a receptor 2 is a protein of the complement system that in humans is encoded by the C5AR2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and C5AR2
C8 complex
Complement component 8 is a protein involved in the complement system.
See Outline of immunology and C8 complex
Cadherin
Cadherins (named for "calcium-dependent adhesion") are cell adhesion molecules important in forming adherens junctions that let cells adhere to each other.
See Outline of immunology and Cadherin
CADM3
Cell adhesion molecule 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CADM3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CADM3
Cancer immunology
Cancer immunology (immuno-oncology) is an interdisciplinary branch of biology and a sub-discipline of immunology that is concerned with understanding the role of the immune system in the progression and development of cancer; the most well known application is cancer immunotherapy, which utilises the immune system as a treatment for cancer.
See Outline of immunology and Cancer immunology
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncotherapy) is the stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer, improving the immune system's natural ability to fight the disease.
See Outline of immunology and Cancer immunotherapy
Carcinoembryonic antigen
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) describes a set of highly-related glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion.
See Outline of immunology and Carcinoembryonic antigen
CARD (domain)
Caspase recruitment domains, or caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs), are interaction motifs found in a wide array of proteins, typically those involved in processes relating to inflammation and apoptosis.
See Outline of immunology and CARD (domain)
CC chemokine receptors
CC chemokine receptors (or beta chemokine receptors) are integral membrane proteins that specifically bind and respond to cytokines of the CC chemokine family.
See Outline of immunology and CC chemokine receptors
CCL1
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 (CCL1) is also known as small inducible cytokine A1 and I-309 in humans.
See Outline of immunology and CCL1
CCL11
C-C motif chemokine 11 also known as eosinophil chemotactic protein and eotaxin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL11 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CCL11
CCL12
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 12 (CCL12) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that has been described in mice.
See Outline of immunology and CCL12
CCL13
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 13 (CCL13) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family.
See Outline of immunology and CCL13
CCL14
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14 (CCL14) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family.
See Outline of immunology and CCL14
CCL15
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15 (CCL15) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as leukotactin-1, MIP5 and HCC-2.
See Outline of immunology and CCL15
CCL16
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 16 (CCL16) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is known under several pseudonyms, including Liver-expressed chemokine (LEC) and Monotactin-1 (MTN-1).
See Outline of immunology and CCL16
CCL17
CCL17 is a powerful chemokine produced in the thymus and by antigen-presenting cells like dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes.
See Outline of immunology and CCL17
CCL18
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family.
See Outline of immunology and CCL18
CCL19
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL19 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CCL19
CCL2
The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is also referred to as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) and small inducible cytokine A2.
See Outline of immunology and CCL2
CCL20
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) or liver activation regulated chemokine (LARC) or Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3 (MIP3A) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family.
See Outline of immunology and CCL20
CCL21
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family.
See Outline of immunology and CCL21
CCL22
C-C motif chemokine 22 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL22 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CCL22
CCL23
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 23 (CCL23) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as Macrophage inflammatory protein 3 (MIP-3) and Myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor 1 (MPIF-1).
See Outline of immunology and CCL23
CCL24
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24 (CCL24) also known as myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor 2 (MPIF-2) or eosinophil chemotactic protein 2 (eotaxin-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL24 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CCL24
CCL25
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25 (CCL25) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as TECK (Thymus-Expressed Chemokine).
See Outline of immunology and CCL25
CCL26
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26 (CCL26) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also called Eotaxin-3, Macrophage inflammatory protein 4-alpha (MIP-4-alpha), Thymic stroma chemokine-1 (TSC-1), and IMAC.
See Outline of immunology and CCL26
CCL28
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 (CCL28), also known as mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC), CCK1 and SCYA28, is a chemokine.
See Outline of immunology and CCL28
CCL3
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP-1-alpha) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CCL3
CCL4
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligands 4 (also CCL4) previously known as macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1β), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL4 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CCL4
CCL5
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (also CCL5) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL5 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CCL5
CCL6
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that has only been identified in rodents.
See Outline of immunology and CCL6
CCL7
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7) is a small cytokine that was previously called monocyte-chemotactic protein 3 (MCP3).
See Outline of immunology and CCL7
CCL8
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 (CCL8), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL8 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CCL8
CCL9
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 9 (CCL9) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family.
See Outline of immunology and CCL9
CCR1
C-C chemokine receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CCR1
CCR10
C-C chemokine receptor type 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR10 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CCR10
CCR2
C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2 or CD192 (cluster of differentiation 192) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR2 gene. CCR2 is a CC chemokine receptor.
See Outline of immunology and CCR2
CCR3 (gene)
C-C chemokine receptor type 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CCR3 (gene)
CCR4
C-C chemokine receptor type 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR4 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CCR4
CCR5
C-C chemokine receptor type 5, also known as CCR5 or CD195, is a protein on the surface of white blood cells that is involved in the immune system as it acts as a receptor for chemokines.
See Outline of immunology and CCR5
CCR8 (gene)
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8, also known as CCR8, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCR8 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CCR8 (gene)
CCR9
C-C chemokine receptor type 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR9 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CCR9
CD 205
CD205 also called Lymphocyte antigen 75 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LY75 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CD 205
CD134
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4 (TNFRSF4), also known as CD134 and OX40 receptor, is a member of the TNFR-superfamily of receptors which is not constitutively expressed on resting naïve T cells, unlike CD28.
See Outline of immunology and CD134
CD137
CD137, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, is a type 1 transmembrane protein, expressed on surfaces of leukocytes and non-immune cells. Outline of immunology and CD137 are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and CD137
CD146
CD146 (cluster of differentiation 146) also known as the melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) or cell surface glycoprotein MUC18, is a 113kDa cell adhesion molecule currently used as a marker for endothelial cell lineage.
See Outline of immunology and CD146
CD153
CD153 (cluster of differentiation 153) also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF8 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CD153
CD154
CD154, also called CD40 ligand or CD40L, is a protein that is primarily expressed on activated T cells and is a member of the TNF superfamily of molecules.
See Outline of immunology and CD154
CD164
Sialomucin core protein 24 also known as endolyn or CD164 (cluster of differentiation 164) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD164 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CD164
CD19
B-lymphocyte antigen CD19, also known as CD19 molecule ('''C'''luster of '''D'''ifferentiation 19), B-Lymphocyte Surface Antigen B4, T-Cell Surface Antigen Leu-12 and CVID3 is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the gene CD19.
See Outline of immunology and CD19
CD2
CD2 (cluster of differentiation 2) is a cell adhesion molecule found on the surface of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.
See Outline of immunology and CD2
CD22
CD22, or cluster of differentiation-22, is a molecule belonging to the SIGLEC family of lectins.
See Outline of immunology and CD22
CD23
CD23, also known as Fc epsilon RII, or FcεRII, is the "low-affinity" receptor for IgE, an antibody isotype involved in allergy and resistance to parasites, and is important in regulation of IgE levels.
See Outline of immunology and CD23
CD24
Signal transducer CD24 also known as cluster of differentiation 24 or heat stable antigen CD24 (HSA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD24 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CD24
CD244
CD244 (Cluster of Differentiation 244) also known as 2B4 or SLAMF4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD244 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CD244
CD27
CD27 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily.
See Outline of immunology and CD27
CD278
Inducible T-cell costimulator (also called CD278) is an immune checkpoint protein that in humans is encoded by the ICOS (Inducible T-cell COStimulator) gene.
See Outline of immunology and CD278
CD28
CD28 (Cluster of Differentiation 28) is one of the proteins expressed on T cells that provide co-stimulatory signals required for T cell activation and survival.
See Outline of immunology and CD28
CD3 (immunology)
CD3 (cluster of differentiation 3) is a protein complex and T cell co-receptor that is involved in activating both the cytotoxic T cell (CD8+ naive T cells) and T helper cells (CD4+ naive T cells). Outline of immunology and CD3 (immunology) are immunology.
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CD30
CD30, also known as TNFRSF8 (TNF receptor superfamily member 8), is a cell membrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and a tumor marker.
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CD31
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) also known as cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PECAM1 gene found on chromosome17q23.3.
See Outline of immunology and CD31
CD33
CD33 or Siglec-3 (sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 3, SIGLEC3, SIGLEC-3, gp67, p67) is a transmembrane receptor expressed on cells of myeloid lineage.
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CD34
CD34 is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein protein encoded by the CD34 gene in humans, mice, rats and other species.
See Outline of immunology and CD34
CD36
CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36), also known as platelet glycoprotein 4, fatty acid translocase (FAT), scavenger receptor class B member 3 (SCARB3), and glycoproteins 88 (GP88), IIIb (GPIIIB), or IV (GPIV) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD36 gene.
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CD3D
T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 delta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD3D gene.
See Outline of immunology and CD3D
CD3G
T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 gamma chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD3G gene.
See Outline of immunology and CD3G
CD4
In molecular biology, CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T-cell receptor (TCR). Outline of immunology and CD4 are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and CD4
CD40 (protein)
Cluster of differentiation 40, CD40 is a type I transmembrane protein found on antigen-presenting cells and is required for their activation.
See Outline of immunology and CD40 (protein)
CD44
The CD44 antigen is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell–cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration.
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CD48
CD48 antigen (Cluster of Differentiation 48) also known as B-lymphocyte activation marker (BLAST-1) or signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 2 (SLAMF2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD48 gene.
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CD58
CD58, or lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), is a cell adhesion molecule expressed on Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs), particularly macrophages, and other tissue cells.
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CD64 (biology)
CD64 (Cluster of Differentiation 64) is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein known as an Fc receptor that binds monomeric IgG-type antibodies with high affinity.
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CD68
CD68 ('''C'''luster of '''D'''ifferentiation 68) is a protein highly expressed by cells in the monocyte lineage (e.g., monocytic phagocytes, osteoclasts), by circulating macrophages, and by tissue macrophages (e.g., Kupffer cells, microglia).
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CD69
CD69 (Cluster of Differentiation 69) is a human transmembrane C-Type lectin protein encoded by the gene.
See Outline of immunology and CD69
CD70
CD70 (Cluster of Differentiation 70) is a protein that in humans is encoded by CD70 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CD70
CD79
CD79 ('''C'''luster of '''D'''ifferentiation 79) is a transmembrane protein that forms a complex with the B-cell receptor (BCR) and generates a signal following recognition of antigen by the BCR.
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CD79A
Cluster of differentiation CD79A also known as B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain and MB-1 membrane glycoprotein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD79A gene.
See Outline of immunology and CD79A
CD79B
CD79b molecule, immunoglobulin-associated beta, also known as CD79B (Cluster of Differentiation 79B), is a human gene.
See Outline of immunology and CD79B
CD8
CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T-cell receptor (TCR). Outline of immunology and CD8 are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and CD8
CD80
The Cluster of differentiation 80 (also CD80 and B7-1) is a B7, type I membrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily, with an extracellular immunoglobulin constant-like domain and a variable-like domain required for receptor binding.
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CD81
CD81 molecule, also known as CD81 (Cluster of Differentiation 81), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD81 gene.
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CD84
CD84 (Cluster of Differentiation 84) is a human protein encoded by the gene.
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CD86
Cluster of Differentiation 86 (also known as CD86 and B7-2) is a protein constitutively expressed on dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, macrophages, B-cells (including memory B-cells), and on other antigen-presenting cells.
See Outline of immunology and CD86
CD8A
T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain (Cluster of Differentiation 8a), is a protein encoded by CD8A gene.
See Outline of immunology and CD8A
CEACAM1
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (biliary glycoprotein) (CEACAM1) also known as CD66a (Cluster of Differentiation 66a), is a human glycoprotein, and a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family.
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CEACAM16
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 16 is encoded in the human by the CEACAM16 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CEACAM16
CEACAM18
CEA cell adhesion molecule 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEACAM18 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CEACAM18
CEACAM19
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 19 is a carcinoembryonic antigen encoded in the human by the CEACAM19 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CEACAM19
CEACAM20
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 20 is a carcinoembryonic antigen encoded in the human by the CEACAM20 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CEACAM20
CEACAM21
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 21 is a carcinoembryonic antigen encoded in the human by the CEACAM21 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CEACAM21
CEACAM3
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3 (CEACAM3) also known as CD66d (Cluster of Differentiation 66d), is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family..
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CEACAM4
CEACAM4 is a gene which encodes carcinoembryonic antigen.
See Outline of immunology and CEACAM4
CEACAM5
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) also known as CD66e (Cluster of Differentiation 66e), is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family.
See Outline of immunology and CEACAM5
CEACAM6
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (non-specific cross reacting antigen) (CEACAM6) also known as CD66c (Cluster of Differentiation 66c), is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family..
See Outline of immunology and CEACAM6
CEACAM7
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEACAM7 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CEACAM7
CEACAM8
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 (CEACAM8) also known as CD66b (Cluster of Differentiation 66b), is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family.
See Outline of immunology and CEACAM8
Cell adhesion molecule
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a subset of cell surface proteins that are involved in the binding of cells with other cells or with the extracellular matrix (ECM), in a process called cell adhesion.
See Outline of immunology and Cell adhesion molecule
Cell adhesion molecule 1
Cell adhesion molecule 1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CADM1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Cell adhesion molecule 1
Cell-mediated immunity
Cellular immunity, also known as cell-mediated immunity, is an immune response that does not rely on the production of antibodies. Outline of immunology and cell-mediated immunity are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Cell-mediated immunity
Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.
See Outline of immunology and Central nervous system
Central tolerance
In immunology, central tolerance (also known as negative selection) is the process of eliminating any developing T or B lymphocytes that are autoreactive, i.e. reactive to the body itself. Outline of immunology and central tolerance are immunology.
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Ceruloplasmin
Ceruloplasmin (or caeruloplasmin) is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CP gene.
See Outline of immunology and Ceruloplasmin
CFU-Baso
CFU-Baso is a colony forming unit that gives rise to basophils.
See Outline of immunology and CFU-Baso
CFU-DL
CFU-DL is a colony forming unit that gives rise to Langerhans cells.
See Outline of immunology and CFU-DL
CFU-Eos
CFU-Eo is a colony forming unit that gives rise to eosinophils.
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CFU-GEMM
CFU-GEMM is a colony forming unit that generates myeloid cells.
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CFU-GM
CFU-GM (Colony Forming Unit–Granulocyte–Macrophage), also known as granulocyte–macrophage progenitor (GMP), is a colony forming unit.
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CFU-Mast
In biology CFU-Mast is a colony forming unit.
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CFU-Meg
CFU-Meg is a colony forming unit.
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Chemokine
Chemokines, or chemotactic cytokines, are a family of small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells that induce directional movement of leukocytes, as well as other cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells.
See Outline of immunology and Chemokine
Chemokine receptor
Chemokine receptors are cytokine receptors found on the surface of certain cells that interact with a type of cytokine called a chemokine.
See Outline of immunology and Chemokine receptor
CHL1
Neural cell adhesion molecule L1-like protein also known as close homolog of L1 (CHL1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHL1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CHL1
CIITA
CIITA is a human gene which encodes a protein called the class II, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator.
See Outline of immunology and CIITA
Classical complement pathway
The classical complement pathway is one of three pathways which activate the complement system, which is part of the immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Classical complement pathway
CLEC10A
C-type lectin domain family 10 member A (CLEC10A) also designated as CD301 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC10A gene.
See Outline of immunology and CLEC10A
CLEC12A
C-type lectin domain family 12 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC12A gene.
See Outline of immunology and CLEC12A
CLEC1B
C-type lectin domain family 1 member B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC1B gene.
See Outline of immunology and CLEC1B
CLEC4A
C-type lectin domain family 4 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC4A gene.
See Outline of immunology and CLEC4A
CLEC4C
CLEC4C is a membrane protein of plasmacytoid dendritic cells used as a marker for this kind of cells and denoted as CD303 in the nomenclature of the Cluster of differentiation.
See Outline of immunology and CLEC4C
CLEC7A
C-type lectin domain family 7 member A or Dectin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC7A gene.
See Outline of immunology and CLEC7A
Clonal anergy
Anergy, within the realm of immunology, characterizes the absence of a response from the body's defense mechanisms when confronted with foreign substances. Outline of immunology and Clonal anergy are immune system and immunology.
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Clonal deletion
In immunology, clonal deletion is the process of removing T and B lymphocytes from the immune system repertoire. Outline of immunology and clonal deletion are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Clonal deletion
Clonal selection
In immunology, clonal selection theory explains the functions of cells of the immune system (lymphocytes) in response to specific antigens invading the body. Outline of immunology and clonal selection are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Clonal selection
Co-stimulation
Co-stimulation is a secondary signal which immune cells rely on to activate an immune response in the presence of an antigen-presenting cell. Outline of immunology and co-stimulation are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Co-stimulation
Coeliac disease
Coeliac disease (British English) or celiac disease (American English) is a long-term autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting the small intestine, where individuals develop intolerance to gluten, present in foods such as wheat, rye and barley.
See Outline of immunology and Coeliac disease
Collectin
Collectins (collagen-containing C-type lectins) are a part of the innate immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Collectin
Colony-stimulating factor
Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are secreted glycoproteins that bind to receptor proteins on the surfaces of committed progenitors in the bone marrow, thereby activating intracellular signaling pathways that can cause the cells to proliferate and differentiate into a specific kind of blood cell (usually white blood cells.
See Outline of immunology and Colony-stimulating factor
Common gamma chain
The common gamma chain (γc) (or CD132), also known as interleukin-2 receptor subunit gamma or IL-2RG, is a cytokine receptor sub-unit that is common to the receptor complexes for at least six different interleukin receptors: IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and interleukin-21 receptor. Outline of immunology and common gamma chain are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Common gamma chain
Complement component 1q
The complement component 1q (or simply C1q) is a protein complex involved in the complement system, which is part of the innate immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Complement component 1q
Complement component 1r
Complement C1r subcomponent (activated complement C1r, C overbar 1r esterase, C1r) is a protein involved in the complement system of the innate immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Complement component 1r
Complement component 1s
Complement component 1s (C1 esterase, activated complement C1s, complement C overbar 1r, C1s) is a protein involved in the complement system.
See Outline of immunology and Complement component 1s
Complement component 2
Complement C2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Complement component 2
Complement component 3
Complement component 3, often simply called C3, is a protein of the immune system that is found primarily in the blood.
See Outline of immunology and Complement component 3
Complement component 4
Complement component 4 (C4), in humans, is a protein involved in the intricate complement system, originating from the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system.
See Outline of immunology and Complement component 4
Complement component 5
Complement component 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C5 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Complement component 5
Complement component 5a
C5a is a protein fragment released from cleavage of complement component C5 by protease C5-convertase into C5a and C5b fragments.
See Outline of immunology and Complement component 5a
Complement component 6
Complement component 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C6 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Complement component 6
Complement component 7
Complement component 7 is a protein involved in the complement system of the innate immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Complement component 7
Complement component 9
Complement component 9 (C9) is a MACPF protein involved in the complement system, which is part of the innate immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Complement component 9
Complement deficiency
Complement deficiency is an immunodeficiency of absent or suboptimal functioning of one of the complement system proteins.
See Outline of immunology and Complement deficiency
Complement factor B
Complement factor B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFB gene.
See Outline of immunology and Complement factor B
Complement factor I
Complement factor I, also known as C3b/C4b inactivator, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFI gene.
See Outline of immunology and Complement factor I
Complement membrane attack complex
The membrane attack complex (MAC) or terminal complement complex (TCC) is a complex of proteins typically formed on the surface of pathogen cell membranes as a result of the activation of the host's complement system, and as such is an effector of the immune system. Outline of immunology and complement membrane attack complex are immune system and immunology.
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Complement receptor
A complement receptor is a membrane-bound receptor belonging to the complement system, which is part of the innate immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Complement receptor
Complement receptor 1
Complement receptor type 1 (CR1) also known as C3b/C4b receptor or CD35 (cluster of differentiation 35) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CR1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Complement receptor 1
Complement receptor 2
Complement receptor type 2 (CR2), also known as complement C3d receptor, Epstein-Barr virus receptor, and CD21 (cluster of differentiation 21), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CR2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Complement receptor 2
Complement receptor of the immunoglobulin family
Complement receptor of the immunoglobulin family is a protein expressed in Kupffer cells.
See Outline of immunology and Complement receptor of the immunoglobulin family
Complement system
The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the humoral, innate immune system and enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane. Outline of immunology and complement system are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Complement system
Complementarity-determining region
Complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) are polypeptide segments of the variable chains in immunoglobulins (antibodies) and T cell receptors, generated by B-cells and T-cells respectively. Outline of immunology and Complementarity-determining region are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Complementarity-determining region
Computational immunology
In academia, computational immunology is a field of science that encompasses high-throughput genomic and bioinformatics approaches to immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Computational immunology
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXADR gene.
See Outline of immunology and Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor
Cross-presentation
Cross-presentation is the ability of certain professional antigen-presenting cells (mostly dendritic cells) to take up, process and present extracellular antigens with MHC class I molecules to CD8 T cells (cytotoxic T cells). Outline of immunology and Cross-presentation are immunology.
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Cross-reactivity
Cross-reactivity, in a general sense, is the reactivity of an observed agent which initiates reactions outside the main reaction expected. Outline of immunology and Cross-reactivity are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Cross-reactivity
CSF2RB
CSF2RB (also known as cytokine receptor common subunit beta) is a common subunit to the following type I cytokine receptors.
See Outline of immunology and CSF2RB
Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis (CSVV) is inflammation of small blood vessels, usually accompanied by small lumps beneath the skin.
See Outline of immunology and Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1
CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), also known as the fractalkine receptor or G-protein coupled receptor 13 (GPR13), is a transmembrane protein of the G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPCR1) family and the only known member of the CX3C chemokine receptor subfamily.
See Outline of immunology and CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1
CX3CL1
Fractalkine, also known as chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CX3CL1 gene.
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CXC chemokine receptors
CXC chemokine receptors are integral membrane proteins that specifically bind and respond to cytokines of the CXC chemokine family.
See Outline of immunology and CXC chemokine receptors
CXCL1
The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a small peptide belonging to the CXC chemokine family that acts as a chemoattractant for several immune cells, especially neutrophils or other non-hematopoietic cells to the site of injury or infection and plays an important role in regulation of immune and inflammatory responses.
See Outline of immunology and CXCL1
CXCL10
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) also known as Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) or small-inducible cytokine B10 is an 8.7 kDa protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL10 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CXCL10
CXCL11
C-X-C motif chemokine 11 (CXCL11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL11 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CXCL11
CXCL13
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13), also known as B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC) or B cell-attracting chemokine 1 (BCA-1), is a protein ligand that in humans is encoded by the CXCL13 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CXCL13
CXCL14
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as BRAK (for breast and kidney-expressed chemokine).
See Outline of immunology and CXCL14
CXCL15
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 15 (CXCL15) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that has been described in the mouse.
See Outline of immunology and CXCL15
CXCL16
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family.
See Outline of immunology and CXCL16
CXCL17
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 17 (CXCL17) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that has been identified in humans and mice.
See Outline of immunology and CXCL17
CXCL2
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also called macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha (MIP2-alpha), Growth-regulated protein beta (Gro-beta) and Gro oncogene-2 (Gro-2).
See Outline of immunology and CXCL2
CXCL3
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 (CXCL3) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as GRO3 oncogene (GRO3), GRO protein gamma (GROg) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2-beta (MIP2b).
See Outline of immunology and CXCL3
CXCL5
C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5 or ENA78) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL5 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CXCL5
CXCL6
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6 (CXCL6) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (GCP-2).
See Outline of immunology and CXCL6
CXCL7
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 (CXCL7) is a human gene.
See Outline of immunology and CXCL7
CXCL9
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG).
See Outline of immunology and CXCL9
CXCR3
Chemokine receptor CXCR3 is a Gαi protein-coupled receptor in the CXC chemokine receptor family.
See Outline of immunology and CXCR3
CXCR4
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4) also known as fusin or CD184 (cluster of differentiation 184) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCR4 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CXCR4
CXCR5
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXC-R5) also known as CD185 (cluster of differentiation 185) or Burkitt lymphoma receptor 1 (BLR1) is a G protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor for chemokine CXCL13 (also known as BLC) and belongs to the CXC chemokine receptor family.
See Outline of immunology and CXCR5
CXCR6
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCR6 gene.
See Outline of immunology and CXCR6
Cytokine
Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling. Outline of immunology and Cytokine are immune system and immunology.
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Cytokine receptor
Cytokine receptors are receptors that bind to cytokines.
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Cytokine storm
A cytokine storm, also called hypercytokinemia, is a pathological reaction in humans and other animals in which the innate immune system causes an uncontrolled and excessive release of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules called cytokines. Outline of immunology and cytokine storm are immunology.
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Cytotoxic T cell
A cytotoxic T cell (also known as TC, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CTL, T-killer cell, cytolytic T cell, CD8+ T-cell or killer T cell) is a T lymphocyte (a type of white blood cell) that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected by intracellular pathogens (such as viruses or bacteria), or cells that are damaged in other ways. Outline of immunology and cytotoxic T cell are immunology.
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Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, (CTLA-4) also known as CD152 (cluster of differentiation 152), is a protein receptor that functions as an immune checkpoint and downregulates immune responses.
See Outline of immunology and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4
Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells. Outline of immunology and Cytotoxicity are immunology.
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DC-SIGN
DC-SIGN (Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing Non-integrin) also known as CD209 ('''C'''luster of '''D'''ifferentiation 209) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD209 gene.
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Death receptor 3
Death receptor 3 (DR3), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 25 (TNFRSF25), is a cell surface receptor of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily which mediates apoptotic signalling and differentiation.
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Death receptor 4
Death receptor 4 (DR4), also known as TRAIL receptor 1 (TRAILR1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (TNFRSF10A), is a cell surface receptor of the TNF-receptor superfamily that binds TRAIL and mediates apoptosis.
See Outline of immunology and Death receptor 4
Death receptor 5
Death receptor 5 (DR5), also known as TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAILR2) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B), is a cell surface receptor of the TNF-receptor superfamily that binds TRAIL and mediates apoptosis.
See Outline of immunology and Death receptor 5
Death receptor 6
Death receptor 6 (DR6), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 21 (TNFRSF21), is a cell surface receptor of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily which activates the JNK and NF-κB pathways.
See Outline of immunology and Death receptor 6
Decay-accelerating factor
Complement decay-accelerating factor, also known as CD55 or DAF, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CD55 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Decay-accelerating factor
Decoy receptor 1
Decoy receptor 1 (DCR1), also known as TRAIL receptor 3 (TRAILR3) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10C (TNFRSF10C), is a human cell surface receptor of the TNF-receptor superfamily.
See Outline of immunology and Decoy receptor 1
Decoy receptor 2
Decoy receptor 2 (DCR2), also known as TRAIL receptor 4 (TRAILR4) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10D (TNFRSF10D), is a human cell surface receptor of the TNF-receptor superfamily.
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Decoy receptor 3
Decoy receptor 3 (Dcr3), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6B (TNFRSF6B), TR6 and M68, is a soluble protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily which inhibits Fas ligand-induced apoptosis.
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Defensin
Defensins are small cysteine-rich cationic proteins across cellular life, including vertebrate and invertebrate animals, plants, and fungi.
See Outline of immunology and Defensin
Dendritic cell
A dendritic cell (DC) is an antigen-presenting cell (also known as an accessory cell) of the mammalian immune system. Outline of immunology and dendritic cell are immunology.
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Dermis
The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain.
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Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank
The Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB) is a National Resource established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1986 to bank and distribute at cost hybridomas and the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) they produce to the basic science community worldwide.
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E-selectin
E-selectin, also known as CD62 antigen-like family member E (CD62E), endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), or leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 2 (LECAM2), is a selectin cell adhesion molecule expressed only on endothelial cells activated by cytokines.
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Ectodysplasin A
Ectodysplasin A (EDA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EDA gene.
See Outline of immunology and Ectodysplasin A
Ectodysplasin A2 receptor
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 27 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EDA2R gene.
See Outline of immunology and Ectodysplasin A2 receptor
Egg allergy
Egg allergy is an immune hypersensitivity to proteins found in chicken eggs, and possibly goose, duck, or turkey eggs.
See Outline of immunology and Egg allergy
Eicosanoid receptor
Most of the eicosanoid receptors are integral membrane protein G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that bind and respond to eicosanoid signaling molecules.
See Outline of immunology and Eicosanoid receptor
Eosinophil
Eosinophils, sometimes called eosinophiles or, less commonly, acidophils, are a variety of white blood cells and one of the immune system components responsible for combating multicellular parasites and certain infections in vertebrates. Along with mast cells and basophils, they also control mechanisms associated with allergy and asthma.
See Outline of immunology and Eosinophil
Epithelioid cell
Epithelioid cells (also called epithelioid histiocytes) are derivatives of activated macrophages resembling epithelial cells.
See Outline of immunology and Epithelioid cell
Epithelium
Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little extracellular matrix.
See Outline of immunology and Epithelium
Epitope
An epitope, also known as antigenic determinant, is the part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells.
See Outline of immunology and Epitope
Erythropoiesis
Erythropoiesis (from Greek 'erythro' meaning "red" and 'poiesis' "to make") is the process which produces red blood cells (erythrocytes), which is the development from erythropoietic stem cell to mature red blood cell.
See Outline of immunology and Erythropoiesis
Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin (EPO), also known as erythropoetin, haematopoietin, or haemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted mainly by the kidneys in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow.
See Outline of immunology and Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin receptor
The erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPOR gene.
See Outline of immunology and Erythropoietin receptor
ESAM (gene)
Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ESAM gene.
See Outline of immunology and ESAM (gene)
Eye
An eye is a sensory organ that allows an organism to perceive visual information.
See Outline of immunology and Eye
Factor D
Factor D (C3 proactivator convertase, properdin factor D esterase, factor D (complement), complement factor D, CFD, adipsin) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CFD gene.
See Outline of immunology and Factor D
Factor H
Factor H (FH) is a member of the regulators of complement activation family and is a complement control protein.
See Outline of immunology and Factor H
Farmer's lung
Farmer's lung (not to be confused with silo-filler's disease) is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by the inhalation of biologic dusts coming from hay dust or mold spores or any other agricultural products.
See Outline of immunology and Farmer's lung
Fas ligand
Fas ligand (FASL or CD95L) is a type-II transmembrane protein expressed on various types of cells, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, breast epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Outline of immunology and Fas ligand are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Fas ligand
Fas receptor
The Fas receptor, also known as Fas, FasR, apoptosis antigen 1 (APO-1 or APT), cluster of differentiation 95 (CD95) or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (TNFRSF6), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAS gene. Outline of immunology and fas receptor are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Fas receptor
Fc receptor
In immunology, an Fc receptor is a protein found on the surface of certain cells – including, among others, B lymphocytes, follicular dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, human platelets, and mast cells – that contribute to the protective functions of the immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Fc receptor
Fc receptor-like molecule
Fc receptor-like molecules (FCRLs) are a class of proteins that resemble Fc receptors.
See Outline of immunology and Fc receptor-like molecule
FCAR
Fc fragment of IgA receptor (FCAR) is a human gene that codes for the transmembrane receptor FcαRI, also known as CD89 (Cluster of Differentiation 89).
See Outline of immunology and FCAR
FCER1
The high-affinity IgE receptor, also known as FcεRI, or Fc epsilon RI, is the high-affinity receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulin E (IgE), an antibody isotype involved in allergy disorders and parasite immunity.
See Outline of immunology and FCER1
FCER1A
Fc fragment of IgE, high affinity I, receptor for; alpha polypeptide, also known as FCER1A, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FCER1A gene.
See Outline of immunology and FCER1A
FCGR2A
Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCGR2A gene.
See Outline of immunology and FCGR2A
FCGR2B
Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIb (coded by FCGR2B gene) is a low affinity inhibitory receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulin gamma (IgG).
See Outline of immunology and FCGR2B
FCGR3A
Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCGR3A gene.
See Outline of immunology and FCGR3A
FCGR3B
FCGR3B (Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIIb, receptor), also known as CD16b (Cluster of Differentiation 16b), is a human gene.
See Outline of immunology and FCGR3B
Fcα/μR
Fcα/μR, also known as is CD351 (Cluster of Differentiation 351), is an Fc receptor that binds IgM with high affinity and IgA with a 10-fold lower affinity.
See Outline of immunology and Fcα/μR
FCN1
Ficolin-1, and also commonly termed M-ficolin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCN1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and FCN1
FCN2
Ficolin-2, which was initially identified as L-ficolin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCN2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and FCN2
FCN3
Ficolin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCN3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and FCN3
FCRL1
Fc receptor-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCRL1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and FCRL1
FCRL2
Fc receptor-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCRL2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and FCRL2
FCRL3
Fc receptor-like protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCRL3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and FCRL3
FCRL4
Fc receptor-like protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCRL4 gene.
See Outline of immunology and FCRL4
FCRL5
Fc receptor-like protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCRL5 gene.
See Outline of immunology and FCRL5
FCRLA
Fc receptor-like A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCRLA gene.
See Outline of immunology and FCRLA
Ferritin
Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion.
See Outline of immunology and Ferritin
Fibrin
Fibrin (also called Factor Ia) is a fibrous, non-globular protein involved in the clotting of blood.
See Outline of immunology and Fibrin
Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen (coagulation factor I) is a glycoprotein complex, produced in the liver, that circulates in the blood of all vertebrates.
See Outline of immunology and Fibrinogen
Fibronectin
Fibronectin is a high-molecular weight (~500-~600 kDa) glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix that binds to membrane-spanning receptor proteins called integrins.
See Outline of immunology and Fibronectin
Flow cytometry
Flow cytometry (FC) is a technique used to detect and measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles.
See Outline of immunology and Flow cytometry
Follicular B cell
Within the immune system, Follicular B cells (FO B cells) are a type of B cell that reside in primary and secondary lymphoid follicles (containing germinal centers) of secondary and tertiary lymphoid organs, including spleen and lymph nodes. Outline of immunology and Follicular B cell are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Follicular B cell
Follicular B helper T cells
Follicular helper T cells (also known as T follicular helper cells and abbreviated as TFH), are antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells found in the periphery within B cell follicles of secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, spleen and Peyer's patches, and are identified by their constitutive expression of the B cell follicle homing receptor CXCR5.
See Outline of immunology and Follicular B helper T cells
Follicular dendritic cells
Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are cells of the immune system found in primary and secondary lymph follicles (lymph nodes) of the B cell areas of the lymphoid tissue.
See Outline of immunology and Follicular dendritic cells
Food allergy
A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food.
See Outline of immunology and Food allergy
Foreign-body giant cell
A foreign-body giant cell is a collection of fused macrophages (giant cell) which are generated in response to the presence of a large foreign body.
See Outline of immunology and Foreign-body giant cell
Formyl peptide receptor
The formyl peptide receptors (FPR) belong to a class of G protein-coupled receptors involved in chemotaxis.
See Outline of immunology and Formyl peptide receptor
Formyl peptide receptor 2
N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) located on the surface of many cell types of various animal species.
See Outline of immunology and Formyl peptide receptor 2
Formyl peptide receptor 3
N-formyl peptide receptor 3 (FPR3) is a receptor protein that in humans is encoded by the FPR3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Formyl peptide receptor 3
FOXP3
FOXP3 (forkhead box P3), also known as scurfin, is a protein involved in immune system responses.
See Outline of immunology and FOXP3
Fragment antigen-binding region
The fragment antigen-binding region (Fab region) is a region on an antibody that binds to antigens.
See Outline of immunology and Fragment antigen-binding region
Fragment crystallizable region
The fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) is the tail region of an antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors called Fc receptors and some proteins of the complement system. Outline of immunology and fragment crystallizable region are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Fragment crystallizable region
Framework region
In molecular biology, a framework region is a subdivision of the variable region (Fab) of the antibody.
See Outline of immunology and Framework region
Fungus
A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
See Outline of immunology and Fungus
G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily related proteins that are cell surface receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate cellular responses.
See Outline of immunology and G protein-coupled receptor
Gamma delta T cell
Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) are T cells that have a γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) on their surface.
See Outline of immunology and Gamma delta T cell
Gastric acid
Gastric acid or stomach acid is the acidic component – hydrochloric acid of gastric juice, produced by parietal cells in the gastric glands of the stomach lining.
See Outline of immunology and Gastric acid
GATA3
GATA3 is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the GATA3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and GATA3
Genetically modified mouse
A genetically modified mouse or genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) is a mouse (Mus musculus) that has had its genome altered through the use of genetic engineering techniques.
See Outline of immunology and Genetically modified mouse
Giant cell
A giant cell (also known as a multinucleated giant cell, or multinucleate giant cell) is a mass formed by the union of several distinct cells (usually histiocytes), often forming a granuloma.
See Outline of immunology and Giant cell
Giant cell arteritis
Giant cell arteritis (GCA), also called temporal arteritis, is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of large blood vessels.
See Outline of immunology and Giant cell arteritis
GLYCAM1
Glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule-1 (GLYCAM1) is a proteoglycan ligand expressed on cells of the high endothelial venules in lymphoid tissues.
See Outline of immunology and GLYCAM1
Glycoprotein 130
Glycoprotein 130 (also known as gp130, IL6ST, IL6R-beta or CD130) is a transmembrane protein which is the founding member of the class of tall cytokine receptors.
See Outline of immunology and Glycoprotein 130
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
In biochemistry and medicine, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa, also known as integrin αIIbβ3) is an integrin complex found on platelets.
See Outline of immunology and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
Goodpasture syndrome
Goodpasture syndrome (GPS), also known as anti–glomerular basement membrane disease, is a rare autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack the basement membrane in lungs and kidneys, leading to bleeding from the lungs, glomerulonephritis, and kidney failure.
See Outline of immunology and Goodpasture syndrome
Graft-versus-host disease
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a syndrome, characterized by inflammation in different organs.
See Outline of immunology and Graft-versus-host disease
Granulocyte
Granulocytes are cells in the innate immune system characterized by the presence of specific granules in their cytoplasm.
See Outline of immunology and Granulocyte
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF or GCSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF 3), is a glycoprotein that stimulates the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells and release them into the bloodstream.
See Outline of immunology and Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor
The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSF-R) also known as CD114 (Cluster of Differentiation 114) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSF3R gene.
See Outline of immunology and Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), is a monomeric glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that functions as a cytokine.
See Outline of immunology and Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor
The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor, also known as CD116 (Cluster of Differentiation 116), is a receptor for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which stimulates the production of white blood cells.
See Outline of immunology and Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor
Granuloma
A granuloma is an aggregation of macrophages (along with other cells) that forms in response to chronic inflammation.
See Outline of immunology and Granuloma
Granulopoiesis
Granulopoiesis (or granulocytopoiesis) is a part of haematopoiesis, that leads to the production of granulocytes.
See Outline of immunology and Granulopoiesis
Graves' disease
Graves disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter or Basedow’s disease, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid.
See Outline of immunology and Graves' disease
Growth hormone receptor
Growth hormone receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GHR gene.
See Outline of immunology and Growth hormone receptor
Guillain–Barré syndrome
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system.
See Outline of immunology and Guillain–Barré syndrome
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is a component of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) which works in the immune system to protect the body from invasion in the gut. Outline of immunology and gut-associated lymphoid tissue are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
Haematopoiesis
Haematopoiesis (from Greek αἷμα, 'blood' and ποιεῖν 'to make'; also hematopoiesis in American English; sometimes also h(a)emopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components.
See Outline of immunology and Haematopoiesis
Hapten
Haptens (derived from the Greek haptein, meaning “to fasten”) are small molecules that elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein; the carrier may be one that also does not elicit an immune response by itself. Outline of immunology and hapten are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Hapten
Haptoglobin
Haptoglobin (abbreviated as Hp) is the protein that in humans is encoded by the HP gene.
See Outline of immunology and Haptoglobin
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease, is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed.
See Outline of immunology and Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also known as hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, HDN, HDFN, or erythroblastosis fetalis, is an alloimmune condition that develops in a fetus at or around birth, when the IgG molecules (one of the five main types of antibodies) produced by the mother pass through the placenta.
See Outline of immunology and Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Hemopexin
Hemopexin (or haemopexin; Hpx; Hx), also known as beta-1B-glycoprotein, is a glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the HPX gene and belongs to the hemopexin family of proteins.
See Outline of immunology and Hemopexin
Henoch–Schönlein purpura
Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP), also known as IgA vasculitis, is a disease of the skin, mucous membranes, and sometimes other organs that most commonly affects children.
See Outline of immunology and Henoch–Schönlein purpura
Herd immunity
Herd immunity (also called herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or mass immunity) is a form of indirect protection that applies only to contagious diseases.
See Outline of immunology and Herd immunity
Herpesvirus entry mediator
Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14 (TNFRSF14), is a human cell surface receptor of the TNF-receptor superfamily encoded by the TNFRSF14 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Herpesvirus entry mediator
Histiocyte
A histiocyte is a vertebrate cell that is part of the mononuclear phagocyte system (also known as the reticuloendothelial system or lymphoreticular system).
See Outline of immunology and Histiocyte
Histology
Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues.
See Outline of immunology and Histology
Hives
Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps.
See Outline of immunology and Hives
HLA-A
HLA-A is a group of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) that are encoded by the HLA-A locus, which is located at human chromosome 6p21.3.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-A
HLA-B
HLA-B (major histocompatibility complex, class I, B) is a human gene that provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-B
HLA-C
HLA-C (Human Leukocyte Antigen-C) belongs to the MHC class I heavy chain receptors.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-C
HLA-DM
HLA-DM (human leukocyte antigen DM) is an intracellular protein involved in the mechanism of antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DM
HLA-DMA
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DMA gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DMA
HLA-DMB
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DMB gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DMB
HLA-DO
Human leukocyte histocompatibility complex DO (HLA-DO) is an intracellular, dimeric non-classical Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II protein composed of α- and β-subunits which interact with HLA-DM in order to fine tune immunodominant epitope selection.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DO
HLA-DOA
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DOA gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DOA
HLA-DOB
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DOB gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DOB
HLA-DP
HLA-DP is a protein/peptide-antigen receptor and graft-versus-host disease antigen that is composed of 2 subunits, DPα and DPβ.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DP
HLA-DPB1
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP(W2) beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DPB1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DPB1
HLA-DQ
HLA-DQ (DQ) is a cell surface receptor protein found on antigen-presenting cells.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DQ
HLA-DQA2
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ(6) alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DQA2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DQA2
HLA-DQB1
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1, also known as HLA-DQB1, is a human gene and also denotes the genetic locus that contains this gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DQB1
HLA-DQB2
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DX beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DQB2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DQB2
HLA-DQB3
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 3, also known as HLA-DQB3, is a human gene and also denotes the genetic locus which contains this gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DQB3
HLA-DR
HLA-DR is an MHC class II cell surface receptor encoded by the human leukocyte antigen complex on chromosome 6 region 6p21.31.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DR
HLA-DRA
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRA gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DRA
HLA-DRB1
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DRB1
HLA-DRB3
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB3-1 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DRB3
HLA-DRB4
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4, also known as HLA-DRB4, is a human gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DRB4
HLA-DRB5
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB5 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB5 gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-DRB5
HLA-E
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E (HLA-E) also known as MHC class I antigen E is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-E gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-E
HLA-F
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-F gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-F
HLA-G
HLA-G histocompatibility antigen, class I, G, also known as human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-G gene.
See Outline of immunology and HLA-G
Hofbauer cell
Hofbauer cells are oval eosinophilic histiocytes with granules and vacuoles found in the placenta, which are of mesenchymal origin, in mesoderm of the chorionic villi, particularly numerous in early pregnancy.
See Outline of immunology and Hofbauer cell
Humoral immunity
Humoral immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules – including secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides – located in extracellular fluids. Outline of immunology and Humoral immunity are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Humoral immunity
Hybridoma technology
Hybridoma technology is a method for producing large numbers of identical antibodies, also called monoclonal antibodies. Outline of immunology and Hybridoma technology are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Hybridoma technology
Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance) is an abnormal physiological condition in which there is an undesirable and adverse immune response to an antigen.
See Outline of immunology and Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) or extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) is a syndrome caused by the repetitive inhalation of antigens from the environment in susceptible or sensitized people.
See Outline of immunology and Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Hypervariable region
A hypervariable region (HVR) is a location within nuclear DNA or the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA in which base pairs of nucleotides repeat (in the case of nuclear DNA) or have substitutions (in the case of mitochondrial DNA).
See Outline of immunology and Hypervariable region
IC3b
iC3b is a protein fragment that is part of the complement system, a component of the vertebrate immune system.
See Outline of immunology and IC3b
ICAM-1
ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and ICAM-1
ICAM2
Intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM2), also known as CD102 (Cluster of Differentiation 102), is a human gene, and the protein resulting from it.
See Outline of immunology and ICAM2
ICAM3
Intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM3) also known as CD50 (Cluster of Differentiation 50), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and ICAM3
ICAM4
The LW blood system was first described by Landsteiner and Wiener in 1940.
See Outline of immunology and ICAM4
ICAM5
Intercellular adhesion molecule 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM5 gene.
See Outline of immunology and ICAM5
Idiotype
In immunology, an idiotype is a shared characteristic between a group of immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules based upon the antigen binding specificity and therefore structure of their variable region. Outline of immunology and idiotype are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Idiotype
IFNAR1
Interferon-alpha/beta receptor alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNAR1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and IFNAR1
IFNAR2
Interferon-alpha/beta receptor beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNAR2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and IFNAR2
IL-2 receptor
The interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is a heterotrimeric protein expressed on the surface of certain immune cells, such as lymphocytes, that binds and responds to a cytokine called IL-2.
See Outline of immunology and IL-2 receptor
IL13RA2
Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Rα2), also known as CD213A2 (cluster of differentiation 213A2), is a membrane bound protein that in humans is encoded by the IL13RA2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and IL13RA2
IL17RA
Interleukin 17 receptor A, also known as IL17RA and CDw217 (cluster of differentiation w217), is a human gene.
See Outline of immunology and IL17RA
IL17RB
Interleukin-17 receptor B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL17RB gene.
See Outline of immunology and IL17RB
IL17RC
Interleukin-17 receptor C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL17RC gene.
See Outline of immunology and IL17RC
IL18R1
The interleukin-18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1) is an interleukin receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily.
See Outline of immunology and IL18R1
IL18RAP
Interleukin 18 receptor accessory protein, also known as IL18RAP and CDw218b (cluster of differentiation w218b), is a human gene.
See Outline of immunology and IL18RAP
IL1RAP
Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1RAP gene.
See Outline of immunology and IL1RAP
IL2RA
The Interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (also called TAC antigen, P55, and mainly CD25) is a protein involved in the assembly of the high-affinity Interleukin-2 receptor, consisting of alpha (IL2RA), beta (IL2RB) and the common gamma chain (IL2RG).
See Outline of immunology and IL2RA
IL2RB
Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL2RB gene.
See Outline of immunology and IL2RB
IL36A
Interleukin-36 alpha also known as interleukin-1 family member 6 (IL1F6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL36A gene.
See Outline of immunology and IL36A
IL36B
Interleukin-36 beta also known as interleukin-1 family member 8 (IL1F8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL36B gene.
See Outline of immunology and IL36B
IL36G
Interleukin-36 gamma previously known as interleukin-1 family member 9 (IL1F9) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL36G gene.
See Outline of immunology and IL36G
IL3RA
Interleukin 3 receptor, alpha (low affinity) (IL3RA), also known as CD123 (Cluster of Differentiation 123), is a human gene.
See Outline of immunology and IL3RA
Immune complex
An immune complex, sometimes called an antigen-antibody complex or antigen-bound antibody, is a molecule formed from the binding of multiple antigens to antibodies. Outline of immunology and immune complex are immune system and immunology.
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Immune disorder
An immune disorder is a dysfunction of the immune system.
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Immune system
The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases. Outline of immunology and immune system are immunology.
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Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), also known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or immune thrombocytopenia, is an autoimmune primary disorder of hemostasis characterized by a low platelet count in the absence of other causes.
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Immune tolerance
Immune tolerance, also known as immunological tolerance or immunotolerance, refers to the immune system's state of unresponsiveness to substances or tissues that would otherwise trigger an immune response. Outline of immunology and immune tolerance are immunology.
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Immunity (medicine)
In biology, immunity is the state of being insusceptible or resistant to a noxious agent or process, especially a pathogen or infectious disease. Outline of immunology and immunity (medicine) are immunology.
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Immunization
Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent (known as the immunogen). Outline of immunology and Immunization are immune system.
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Immunoassay
An immunoassay (IA) is a biochemical test that measures the presence or concentration of a macromolecule or a small molecule in a solution through the use of an antibody (usually) or an antigen (sometimes).
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Immunochemistry
Immunochemistry is the study of the chemistry of the immune system.
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Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency, also known as immunocompromisation, is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely absent.
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Immunodermatology
Immunodermatology studies skin as an organ of immunity in health and disease.
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Immunofixation
Immunofixation permits the detection and typing of monoclonal antibodies or immunoglobulins in serum or urine.
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Immunofluorescence
Immunofluorescence (IF) is a light microscopy-based technique that allows detection and localization of a wide variety of target biomolecules within a cell or tissue at a quantitative level.
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Immunogen
An immunogen is any substance that generates B-cell (humoral/antibody) and/or T-cell (cellular) adaptive immune responses upon exposure to a host organism. Outline of immunology and immunogen are immunology.
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Immunogenetics
Immunogenetics or immungenetics is the branch of Medical Immunology and Medical Genetics that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics.
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Immunogenicity
Immunogenicity is the ability of a foreign substance, such as an antigen, to provoke an immune response in the body of a human or other animal. Outline of immunology and Immunogenicity are immunology.
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Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin A (Ig A, also referred to as sIgA in its secretory form) is an antibody that plays a role in the immune function of mucous membranes.
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Immunoglobulin class switching
Immunoglobulin class switching, also known as isotype switching, isotypic commutation or class-switch recombination (CSR), is a biological mechanism that changes a B cell's production of immunoglobulin from one type to another, such as from the isotype IgM to the isotype IgG. Outline of immunology and immunoglobulin class switching are immune system and immunology.
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Immunoglobulin D
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is an antibody isotype that makes up about 1% of proteins in the plasma membranes of immature B-lymphocytes where it is usually co-expressed with another cell surface antibody called IgM.
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Immunoglobulin E
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) "isotype") that has been found only in mammals.
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Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody.
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Immunoglobulin heavy chain
The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) is the large polypeptide subunit of an antibody (immunoglobulin). Outline of immunology and immunoglobulin heavy chain are immune system.
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Immunoglobulin light chain
The immunoglobulin light chain is the small polypeptide subunit of an antibody (immunoglobulin). Outline of immunology and immunoglobulin light chain are immune system.
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Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the largest of several isotypes of antibodies (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates.
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Immunoglobulin superfamily
The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is a large protein superfamily of cell surface and soluble proteins that are involved in the recognition, binding, or adhesion processes of cells. Outline of immunology and immunoglobulin superfamily are immunology.
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Immunological synapse
In immunology, an immunological synapse (or immune synapse) is the interface between an antigen-presenting cell or target cell and a lymphocyte such as a T cell, B cell, or natural killer cell. Outline of immunology and immunological synapse are immune system.
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Immunology
Immunology is a branch of biology and medicine that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms.
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Immunopathology
Immunopathology is a branch of medicine that deals with immune responses associated with disease.
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Immunoproliferative disorder
In immunology, immunoproliferative disorders are disorders of the immune system that are characterized by the abnormal proliferation of the primary cells of the immune system, which includes B cells, T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, or by the excessive production of immunoglobulins (also known as antibodies).
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Immunoproteomics
Immunoproteomics is the study of large sets of proteins (proteomics) involved in the immune response.
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Immunostimulant
Immunostimulants, also known as immunostimulators, are substances (drugs and nutrients) that stimulate the immune system usually in a non-specific manner by inducing activation or increasing activity of any of its components. Outline of immunology and Immunostimulant are immune system and immunology.
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Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune system. Outline of immunology and Immunosuppression are immune system and immunology.
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Immunosuppressive drug
Immunosuppressive drugs, also known as immunosuppressive agents, immunosuppressants and antirejection medications, are drugs that inhibit or prevent the activity of the immune system.
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Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system. Outline of immunology and Immunotherapy are immunology.
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Immunotoxicology
Immunotoxicology (sometimes abbreviated as ITOX) is the study of the toxicity of foreign substances called xenobiotics and their effects on the immune system.
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In situ
In situ (often not italicized in English) is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position." It can mean "locally", "on site", "on the premises", or "in place" to describe where an event takes place and is used in many different contexts.
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In vitro
In vitro (meaning in glass, or in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.
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In vivo
Studies that are in vivo (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism.
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Inflammasome
Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes of the innate immune system responsible for the activation of inflammatory responses and cell death.
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Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Outline of immunology and inflammation are immunology.
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Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) being the principal types.
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Inhibitor of apoptosis domain
The inhibitor of apoptosis domain -- also known as IAP repeat, Baculovirus Inhibitor of apoptosis protein Repeat, or BIR -- is a structural motif found in proteins with roles in apoptosis, cytokine production, and chromosome segregation.
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Innate immune system
The innate immune system or nonspecific immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies (the other being the adaptive immune system) in vertebrates. Outline of immunology and innate immune system are immune system.
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Integrin
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that help cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion.
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Integrin alpha 10
Integrin alpha-10 also known as ITGA10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA10 gene.
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Integrin alpha 11
Integrin alpha-11 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ITGA11 gene.
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Integrin alpha 2
Integrin alpha-2, or CD49b (cluster of differentiation 49b), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD49b gene.
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Integrin alpha 2b
Integrin alpha-IIb is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA2B gene.
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Integrin alpha 3
Integrin alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA3 gene.
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Integrin alpha 4
CD49d is an integrin alpha subunit.
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Integrin alpha 5
Integrin alpha-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA5 gene.
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Integrin alpha 6
Integrin alpha-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA6 gene.
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Integrin alpha 7
Alpha-7 integrin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA7 gene.
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Integrin alpha 8
Integrin alpha-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA8 gene.
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Integrin alpha 9
Integrin alpha-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA9 gene.
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Integrin alpha D
Integrin alpha-D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGAD gene.
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Integrin alpha L
Integrin, alpha L (antigen CD11A (p180), lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1; alpha polypeptide), also known as ITGAL, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGAL gene.
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Integrin alpha M
Integrin alpha M (ITGAM) is one protein subunit that forms heterodimeric integrin alpha-M beta-2 (αMβ2) molecule, also known as macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) or complement receptor 3 (CR3).
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Integrin alpha V
Integrin alpha-V is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGAV gene.
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Integrin alpha X
CD11c, also known as Integrin, alpha X (complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit) (ITGAX), is a gene that encodes for CD11c.
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Integrin alpha-1
Integrin alpha-1 also CD49a is an integrin alpha subunit encoded in humans by the gene ITGA1.
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Integrin alphaXbeta2
Integrin alphaXbeta2 (p150,95, CR4) is a complement receptor composed of CD11c and CD18. Outline of immunology and Integrin alphaXbeta2 are immune system.
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Integrin beta 1
Integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), also known as CD29, is a cell surface receptor that in humans is encoded by the ITGB1 gene.
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Integrin beta 2
In molecular biology, CD18 (Integrin beta chain-2) is an integrin beta chain protein that is encoded by the ITGB2 gene in humans.
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Integrin beta 3
Integrin beta-3 (β3) or CD61 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB3 gene.
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Integrin beta 4
Integrin, beta 4 (ITGB4) also known as CD104 (Cluster of Differentiation 104), is a human gene.
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Integrin beta 5
Integrin beta-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB5 gene.
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Integrin beta 6
Integrin beta-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB6 gene.
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Integrin beta 7
Integrin beta-7 is an integrin protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB7 gene.
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Integrin beta 8
Integrin beta-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB8 gene.
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Intercellular adhesion molecule
In molecular biology, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are part of the immunoglobulin superfamily.
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Interferon
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses.
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Interferon gamma
Interferon gamma (IFNG or IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons.
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Interferon gamma receptor 1
Interferon gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1) also known as CD119 (Cluster of Differentiation 119), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNGR1 gene.
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Interferon gamma receptor 2
Interferon gamma receptor 2 also known as IFN-γR2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IFNGR2 gene.
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Interferon regulatory factors
Interferon regulatory factors (IRF) are proteins which regulate transcription of interferons (see regulation of gene expression).
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Interferon type I
The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses.
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Interferon-alpha/beta receptor
The interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR) is a virtually ubiquitous membrane receptor which binds endogenous type I interferon (IFN) cytokines.
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Interferon-gamma receptor
The interferon-gamma receptor (IFNGR) protein complex is the heterodimer of two chains: IFNGR1 and IFNGR2.
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Interleukin
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins and signal molecules) that are expressed and secreted by white blood cells (leukocytes) as well as some other body cells.
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Interleukin 1 beta
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) also known as leukocytic pyrogen, leukocytic endogenous mediator, mononuclear cell factor, lymphocyte activating factor and other names, is a cytokine protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1B gene.
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Interleukin 1 receptor, type I
Interleukin 1 receptor, type I (IL1R1) also known as CD121a (Cluster of Differentiation 121a), is an interleukin receptor.
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Interleukin 1 receptor, type II
Interleukin 1 receptor, type II (IL-1R2) also known as CD121b (Cluster of Differentiation 121b) is an interleukin receptor.
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Interleukin 1-alpha
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) also known as hematopoietin 1 is a cytokine of the interleukin 1 family that in humans is encoded by the IL1A gene.
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Interleukin 10
Interleukin 10 (IL-10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), is an anti-inflammatory cytokine.
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Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit
Interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha is a subunit for the interleukin-10 receptor.
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Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit
Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit is a subunit for the interleukin-10 receptor.
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Interleukin 11
Interleukin 11 (IL-11 or adipogenesis inhibitory factor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL11 gene.
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Interleukin 11 receptor alpha subunit
Interleukin 11 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit of the interleukin 11 receptor.
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Interleukin 12
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is an interleukin that is naturally produced by dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, helper T cells and human B-lymphoblastoid cells (NC-37) in response to antigenic stimulation.
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Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit
Interleukin-12 receptor, beta 1, or IL-12Rβ1 in short, is a subunit of the interleukin 12 receptor and the interleukin 23 receptor.
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Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 2 subunit
Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 2 subunit is a subunit of the interleukin 12 receptor.
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Interleukin 13
Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL13 gene.
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Interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1
Interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1, also known as IL13RA1 and CD213A1 (cluster of differentiation 213A1), is a human gene.
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Interleukin 15
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL15 gene.
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Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit
Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit of the interleukin 15 receptor that in humans is encoded by the IL15RA gene.
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Interleukin 16
Interleukin 16 is a pro-inflammatory pleiotropic cytokine.
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Interleukin 17
Interleukin 17 family (IL17 family) is a family of pro-inflammatory cystine knot cytokines.
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Interleukin 18
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), also known as interferon-gamma inducing factor is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IL18 gene.
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Interleukin 19
Interleukin 19 (IL-19) is an immunosuppressive protein that belongs to the IL-10 cytokine subfamily.
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Interleukin 2
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system. Outline of immunology and interleukin 2 are immunology.
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Interleukin 20
Interleukin 20 (IL20) is a protein that is in humans encoded by the IL20 gene which is located in close proximity to the IL-10 gene on the 1q32 chromosome.
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Interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit
Interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit, is a subunit of the interleukin-20 receptor, the interleukin-26 receptor, and the interleukin-24 receptor.
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Interleukin 20 receptor, beta subunit
Interleukin 20 receptor, beta subunit (IL20R2 or IL20RB) is a subunit of the interleukin-20 receptor and interleukin-22 receptor.
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Interleukin 21
Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL21 gene.
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Interleukin 22
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL22 gene.
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Interleukin 24
Interleukin 24 (IL-24) is a protein in the interleukin family, a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system.
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Interleukin 25
Interleukin-25 (IL-25) – also known as interleukin-17E (IL-17E) – is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL25 gene on chromosome 14.
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Interleukin 26
Interleukin-26 (IL-26) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL26 gene.
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Interleukin 27
Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is a member of the IL-12 cytokine family.
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Interleukin 27 receptor, alpha subunit
Interleukin 27 receptor, alpha is a subunit of the interleukin-27 receptor.
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Interleukin 28
Interleukin-28 (IL-28) is a cytokine that comes in two isoforms, IL-28A and IL-28B, and plays a role in immune defense against viruses, including the induction of an "antiviral state" by turning on Mx proteins, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase as well as ISGF3G (Interferon Stimulated Gene Factor 3).
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Interleukin 28 receptor, alpha subunit
Interleukin 28 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit for the interleukin-28 receptor.
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Interleukin 29
Interleukin-29 (IL-29) is a cytokine and it belongs to type III interferons group, also termed interferons λ (IFN-λ). Outline of immunology and Interleukin 29 are immunology.
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Interleukin 3
Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL3 gene localized on chromosome 5q31.1.
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Interleukin 30
Interleukin 30 (IL-30) forms one chain of the heterodimeric cytokine called interleukin 27 (IL-27), thus it is also called IL27-p28.
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Interleukin 31
Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL31 gene that resides on chromosome 12.
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Interleukin 32
Interleukin 32 (IL32) is proinflammatory cytokine that in humans is encoded by the IL32 gene.
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Interleukin 33
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL33 gene.
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Interleukin 34
Interleukin 34 (IL-34) is a protein belonging to a group of cytokines called interleukins.
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Interleukin 35
Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is a recently discovered anti-inflammatory cytokine from the IL-12 family.
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Interleukin 37
Interleukin 37 (IL-37), also known as Interleukin-1 family member 7 (IL-1F7), is an anti-inflammatory cytokine important for the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production as well as the suppression of tumor cell growth.
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Interleukin 4
The interleukin 4 (IL4, IL-4) is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells.
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Interleukin 5
Interleukin 5 (IL-5) is an interleukin produced by type-2 T helper cells and mast cells.
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Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit
Interleukin 5 receptor, alpha (IL5RA) also known as CD125 (Cluster of Differentiation 125) is a subunit of the Interleukin-5 receptor.
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Interleukin 6
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine.
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Interleukin 7
Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL7 gene.
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Interleukin 8
Interleukin 8 (IL-8 or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, CXCL8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells.
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Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha
Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha is a chemokine receptor.
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Interleukin 8 receptor, beta
Interleukin 8 receptor, beta is a chemokine receptor.
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Interleukin 9
Interleukin 9, also known as IL-9, is a pleiotropic cytokine (cell signalling molecule) belonging to the group of interleukins.
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Interleukin-1 receptor
Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) is a cytokine receptor which binds interleukin 1.
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Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1RN gene.
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Interleukin-10 receptor
Interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) is a type II cytokine receptor.
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Interleukin-11 receptor
The interleukin 11 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor, binding interleukin 11.
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Interleukin-12 receptor
Interleukin 12 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor, binding interleukin 12 and consisting of beta 1 and beta 2 subunits.
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Interleukin-13 receptor
The interleukin-13 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor, binding Interleukin-13.
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Interleukin-15 receptor
Interleukin-15 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor, binding interleukin-15.
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Interleukin-17A
Interleukin-17A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL17A gene.
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Interleukin-18 receptor
The interleukin-18 receptor (IL-18R) is an interleukin receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily.
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Interleukin-20 receptor
Interleukin 20 receptors (IL20R) belong to the IL-10 family.
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Interleukin-21 receptor
Interleukin 21 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor.
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Interleukin-22 receptor
Interleukin-22 receptor is a type II cytokine receptor.
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Interleukin-23 receptor
The interleukin-23 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor.
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Interleukin-27 receptor
The interleukin-27 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor for interleukin-27.
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Interleukin-28 receptor
Interleukin-28 receptor is a type II cytokine receptor found largely in epithelial cells.
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Interleukin-3 receptor
The interleukin-3 receptor (CD123) is a molecule found on cells which helps transmit the signal of interleukin-3, a soluble cytokine important in the immune system.
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Interleukin-4 receptor
The interleukin 4 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor.
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Interleukin-5 receptor
The interleukin-5 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor.
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Interleukin-6 receptor
Interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) also known as CD126 (Cluster of Differentiation 126) is a type I cytokine receptor.
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Interleukin-7 receptor
The interleukin-7 receptor is a protein found on the surface of cells.
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Interleukin-9 receptor
Interleukin 9 receptor (IL9R) also known as CD129 (Cluster of Differentiation 129) is a type I cytokine receptor.
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Intrinsic immunity
Intrinsic immunity refers to a set of cellular-based anti-viral defense mechanisms, notably genetically encoded proteins which specifically target eukaryotic retroviruses. Outline of immunology and Intrinsic immunity are immunology.
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Isotype (immunology)
In immunology, antibodies (immunoglobulins (Ig)) are classified into several types called isotypes or classes. Outline of immunology and isotype (immunology) are immunology.
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ITGAE
Integrin, alpha E (ITGAE) also known as CD103 (cluster of differentiation 103) is an integrin protein that in human is encoded by the ITGAE gene.
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JAK-STAT signaling pathway
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such as immunity, cell division, cell death, and tumour formation.
See Outline of immunology and JAK-STAT signaling pathway
Junctional diversity
Junctional diversity describes the DNA sequence variations introduced by the improper joining of gene segments during the process of V(D)J recombination. Outline of immunology and Junctional diversity are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Junctional diversity
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), are a family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins expressed on the plasma membrane of natural killer (NK) cells and a minority of T cells.
See Outline of immunology and Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor
KIR2DL1
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR2DL1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and KIR2DL1
KIR2DL4
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR2DL4 gene.
See Outline of immunology and KIR2DL4
KIR2DS4
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR2DS4 gene.
See Outline of immunology and KIR2DS4
KIR3DL1
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR3DL1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and KIR3DL1
KIR3DL2
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR3DL2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and KIR3DL2
KIR3DL3
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR3DL3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and KIR3DL3
KIT (gene)
Proto-oncogene c-KIT is the gene encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase protein known as tyrosine-protein kinase KIT, CD117 (cluster of differentiation 117) or mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (SCFR).
See Outline of immunology and KIT (gene)
KLRC2
NKG2-C type II integral membrane protein or NKG2C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLRC2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and KLRC2
Kupffer cell
Kupffer cells, also known as stellate macrophages and Kupffer–Browicz cells, are specialized cells localized in the liver within the lumen of the liver sinusoids and are adhesive to their endothelial cells which make up the blood vessel walls.
See Outline of immunology and Kupffer cell
L-selectin
L-selectin, also known as CD62L, is a cell adhesion molecule found on the cell surface of leukocytes, and the blastocyst.
See Outline of immunology and L-selectin
L1 (protein)
L1, also known as L1CAM, is a transmembrane protein member of the L1 protein family, encoded by the L1CAM gene.
See Outline of immunology and L1 (protein)
L1 family
The L1 family is a family of cell adhesion molecules that includes four different L1-like proteins.
See Outline of immunology and L1 family
Langerhans cell
A Langerhans cell (LC) is a tissue-resident macrophage of the skin once thought to be a resident dendritic cell.
See Outline of immunology and Langerhans cell
Langerin
Langerin (CD207) is a type II transmembrane protein which is encoded by the CD207 gene in humans.
See Outline of immunology and Langerin
Langhans giant cell
Langhans giant cells (LGC) are giant cells found in granulomatous conditions.
See Outline of immunology and Langhans giant cell
Latex allergy
Latex allergy is a medical term encompassing a range of allergic reactions to the proteins present in natural rubber latex.
See Outline of immunology and Latex allergy
Lectin
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar groups that are part of other molecules, so cause agglutination of particular cells or precipitation of glycoconjugates and polysaccharides. Outline of immunology and Lectin are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Lectin
Lectin pathway
The lectin pathway or MBL pathway is a type of cascade reaction in the complement system, similar in structure to the classical complement pathway, in that, after activation, it proceeds through the action of C4 and C2 to produce activated complement proteins further down the cascade.
See Outline of immunology and Lectin pathway
Leukemia inhibitory factor
Leukemia inhibitory factor, or LIF, is an interleukin 6 class cytokine that affects cell growth by inhibiting differentiation.
See Outline of immunology and Leukemia inhibitory factor
Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor
LIFR also known as CD118 (Cluster of Differentiation 118), is a subunit of a receptor for leukemia inhibitory factor.
See Outline of immunology and Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor
Leukocyte extravasation
In immunology, leukocyte extravasation (also commonly known as leukocyte adhesion cascade or diapedesis – the passage of cells through the intact vessel wall) is the movement of leukocytes (white blood cells) out of the circulatory system (extravasation) and towards the site of tissue damage or infection. Outline of immunology and leukocyte extravasation are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Leukocyte extravasation
LGP2
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX58 also known as RIG-I-like receptor 3 (RLR-3) or RIG-I-like receptor LGP2 (RLR) is a RIG-I-like receptor dsRNA helicase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DHX58 gene.
See Outline of immunology and LGP2
LIGHT (protein)
LIGHT, also known as tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14), is a secreted protein of the TNF superfamily.
See Outline of immunology and LIGHT (protein)
LILRA2
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 (LILRA2, CD85H, ILT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRA2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and LILRA2
LILRA3
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 3 (LILR-A3) also known as CD85 antigen-like family member E (CD85e), immunoglobulin-like transcript 6 (ILT-6), and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 4 (LIR-4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRA3 gene located within the leukocyte receptor complex on chromosome 19q13.4.
See Outline of immunology and LILRA3
LILRA4
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 4 (LILR-A5) also known as CD85 antigen-like family member G (CD85g), and immunoglobulin-like transcript 7 (ILT-7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRA4 gene.
See Outline of immunology and LILRA4
LILRB1
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and LILRB1
LILRB2
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and LILRB2
LILRB3
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and LILRB3
LILRB4
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB4 gene.
See Outline of immunology and LILRB4
LILRB5
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB5 gene.
See Outline of immunology and LILRB5
Linearity
In mathematics, the term linear is used in two distinct senses for two different properties.
See Outline of immunology and Linearity
List of autoimmune diseases
This article provides a list of autoimmune diseases.
See Outline of immunology and List of autoimmune diseases
List of human clusters of differentiation
The following is a list of human clusters of differentiation (or CD) molecules. Outline of immunology and list of human clusters of differentiation are immunology lists.
See Outline of immunology and List of human clusters of differentiation
List of immunologists
This is a list of notable immunologists. Outline of immunology and list of immunologists are immunology lists.
See Outline of immunology and List of immunologists
Liver
The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.
See Outline of immunology and Liver
Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) was first identified in 1973 as the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) before discovery that p75NTR bound other neurotrophins equally well as nerve growth factor.
See Outline of immunology and Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor
Lung
The lungs are the central organs of the respiratory system in humans and some other animals, including tetrapods, some snails and a small number of fish.
See Outline of immunology and Lung
Lupus
Lupus, technically known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body.
See Outline of immunology and Lupus
LY9
T-lymphocyte surface antigen Ly-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LY9 gene.
See Outline of immunology and LY9
Lymph node
A lymph node, or lymph gland, is a kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system and the adaptive immune system. Outline of immunology and lymph node are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Lymph node
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system, or lymphoid system, is an organ system in vertebrates that is part of the immune system, and complementary to the circulatory system. Outline of immunology and lymphatic system are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Lymphatic system
Lymphoblast
A lymphoblast is a modified naive lymphocyte with altered cell morphology.
See Outline of immunology and Lymphoblast
Lymphocyte
A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates. Outline of immunology and lymphocyte are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Lymphocyte
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is an integrin found on lymphocytes and other leukocytes. Outline of immunology and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1
Lymphocyte homing receptor
Lymphocyte homing receptors are cell adhesion molecules expressed on lymphocyte cell membranes that recognize addressins on target tissues.
See Outline of immunology and Lymphocyte homing receptor
Lymphopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis (lĭm'fō-poi-ē'sĭs) (or lymphocytopoiesis) is the generation of lymphocytes, one of the five types of white blood cells (WBCs).
See Outline of immunology and Lymphopoiesis
Lymphotoxin
Lymphotoxin is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines, whose members are responsible for regulating the growth and function of lymphocytes and are expressed by a wide variety of cells in the body.
See Outline of immunology and Lymphotoxin
Lymphotoxin alpha
Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-α) formerly known as tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTA gene.
See Outline of immunology and Lymphotoxin alpha
Lymphotoxin beta
Lymphotoxin-beta (LT-beta) also known as tumor necrosis factor C (TNF-C) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTB gene.
See Outline of immunology and Lymphotoxin beta
Lymphotoxin beta receptor
Lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTBR), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 3 (TNFRSF3), is a cell surface receptor for lymphotoxin involved in apoptosis and cytokine release.
See Outline of immunology and Lymphotoxin beta receptor
Lysozyme
Lysozyme (muramidase, N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase; systematic name peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase) is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system. Outline of immunology and Lysozyme are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Lysozyme
Macrophage
Macrophages (abbreviated Mφ, MΦ or MP) are a type of white blood cell of the innate immune system that engulf and digest pathogens, such as cancer cells, microbes, cellular debris, and foreign substances, which do not have proteins that are specific to healthy body cells on their surface. Outline of immunology and Macrophage are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Macrophage
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
The colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), is a secreted cytokine which causes hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into macrophages or other related cell types.
See Outline of immunology and Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Macrophage-1 antigen
Macrophage-1 antigen (or integrin αMβ2 or macrophage integrin or Mac-1) is a complement receptor ("CR3") consisting of CD11b (integrin αM) and CD18 (integrin β2).
See Outline of immunology and Macrophage-1 antigen
Major histocompatibility complex
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a large locus on vertebrate DNA containing a set of closely linked polymorphic genes that code for cell surface proteins essential for the adaptive immune system. Outline of immunology and major histocompatibility complex are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Major histocompatibility complex
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1, also known as HLA-DPA1, is a human gene.
See Outline of immunology and Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1, also known as HLA-DQA1, is a human gene present on short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21.3) and also denotes the genetic locus which contains this gene.
See Outline of immunology and Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1
Mannan-binding lectin
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), also called mannan-binding lectin or mannan-binding protein (MBP), is a lectin that is instrumental in innate immunity as an opsonin and via the lectin pathway. Outline of immunology and mannan-binding lectin are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Mannan-binding lectin
Mannose receptor
The mannose receptor (Cluster of Differentiation 206, CD206) is a C-type lectin primarily present on the surface of macrophages, immature dendritic cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, but is also expressed on the surface of skin cells such as human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes.
See Outline of immunology and Mannose receptor
Mantoux test
The Mantoux test or Mendel–Mantoux test (also known as the Mantoux screening test, tuberculin sensitivity test, Pirquet test, or PPD test for purified protein derivative) is a tool for screening for tuberculosis (TB) and for tuberculosis diagnosis.
See Outline of immunology and Mantoux test
MARCO
Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene.
See Outline of immunology and MARCO
Marginal zone
The marginal zone is the region at the interface between the non-lymphoid red pulp and the lymphoid white-pulp of the spleen.
See Outline of immunology and Marginal zone
Marginal-zone B cell
Marginal-zone B cells (MZ B cells) are noncirculating mature B cells that in humans segregate anatomically into the marginal zone (MZ) of the spleen and certain other types of lymphoid tissue. Outline of immunology and marginal-zone B cell are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Marginal-zone B cell
MASP1 (protein)
Mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 also known as mannose-associated serine protease 1 (MASP-1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MASP1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and MASP1 (protein)
MASP2 (protein)
Mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2 also known as mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MASP2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and MASP2 (protein)
Mast cell
A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte) is a resident cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.
See Outline of immunology and Mast cell
MDA5
MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5) is a RIG-I-like receptor dsRNA helicase enzyme that is encoded by the IFIH1 gene in humans.
See Outline of immunology and MDA5
Megakaryoblast
A megakaryoblast (mega- + karyo + -blast, "large-nucleus immature cell") is a precursor cell to a promegakaryocyte.
See Outline of immunology and Megakaryoblast
Megakaryocyte
A megakaryocyte (mega- + karyo- + -cyte, "large-nucleus cell") is a large bone marrow cell with a lobated nucleus that produces blood platelets (thrombocytes), which are necessary for normal clotting.
See Outline of immunology and Megakaryocyte
Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell
Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cells (MEPs), among other blood cells, are generated as a result of hematopoiesis, which occurs in the bone marrow.
See Outline of immunology and Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell
Memory B cell
In immunology, a memory B cell (MBC) is a type of B lymphocyte that forms part of the adaptive immune system. Outline of immunology and memory B cell are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Memory B cell
Memory T cell
Memory T cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that might have some of the same functions as memory B cells. Outline of immunology and memory T cell are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Memory T cell
Meninges
In anatomy, the meninges (meninx) are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord.
See Outline of immunology and Meninges
Metamyelocyte
A metamyelocyte is a cell undergoing granulopoiesis, derived from a myelocyte, and leading to a band cell.
See Outline of immunology and Metamyelocyte
MHC class I
MHC class I molecules are one of two primary classes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (the other being MHC class II) and are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in the bodies of vertebrates. Outline of immunology and MHC class I are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and MHC class I
MHC class II
MHC Class II molecules are a class of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules normally found only on professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, some endothelial cells, thymic epithelial cells, and B cells. Outline of immunology and MHC class II are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and MHC class II
Microfold cell
Microfold cells (or M cells) are found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of the Peyer's patches in the small intestine, and in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Outline of immunology and Microfold cell are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Microfold cell
Microglia
Microglia are a type of neuroglia (glial cell) located throughout the brain and spinal cord.
See Outline of immunology and Microglia
Milk allergy
Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more proteins in cow's milk.
See Outline of immunology and Milk allergy
Mimotope
A mimotope is often a peptide, and mimics the structure of an epitope. Outline of immunology and mimotope are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Mimotope
Monoblast
Monoblasts are the committed progenitor cells that differentiated from a committed macrophage or dendritic cell precursor (MDP) in the process of hematopoiesis.
See Outline of immunology and Monoblast
Monoclonal antibody
A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. Outline of immunology and monoclonal antibody are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Monoclonal antibody
Monocyte
Monocytes are a type of leukocyte or white blood cell. Outline of immunology and Monocyte are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Monocyte
Monocytopoiesis
Monocytopoiesis is the process which leads to the production of monocytes (and, subsequently, macrophages).
See Outline of immunology and Monocytopoiesis
MS4A2
High affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MS4A2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and MS4A2
MSR1
Macrophage scavenger receptor 1, also known as MSR1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the MSR1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and MSR1
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), also called mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, is a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, nasopharynx, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin.
See Outline of immunology and Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
Mucous membrane
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs.
See Outline of immunology and Mucous membrane
Mucus
Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.
See Outline of immunology and Mucus
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.
See Outline of immunology and Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a long-term neuromuscular junction disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness.
See Outline of immunology and Myasthenia gravis
Myelin-associated glycoprotein
Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG, Siglec-4) is a type 1 transmembrane protein glycoprotein localized in periaxonal Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte membranes, where it plays a role in glial-axonal interactions.
See Outline of immunology and Myelin-associated glycoprotein
Myeloblast
The myeloblast is a unipotent stem cell which differentiates into the effectors of the granulocyte series.
See Outline of immunology and Myeloblast
Myelocyte
A myelocyte is a young cell of the granulocytic series, occurring normally in bone marrow (can be found in circulating blood when caused by certain diseases).
See Outline of immunology and Myelocyte
Myelopoiesis
In hematology, myelopoiesis in the broadest sense of the term is the production of bone marrow and of all cells that arise from it, namely, all blood cells.
See Outline of immunology and Myelopoiesis
NAIP (gene)
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NAIP gene.
See Outline of immunology and NAIP (gene)
Naive T cell
In immunology, a naive T cell (Th0 cell) is a T cell that has differentiated in the thymus, and successfully undergone the positive and negative processes of central selection in the thymus.
See Outline of immunology and Naive T cell
National Center for Biotechnology Information
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
See Outline of immunology and National Center for Biotechnology Information
Natural killer cell
Natural killer cells, also known as NK cells or large granular lymphocytes (LGL), are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system. Outline of immunology and Natural killer cell are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Natural killer cell
Nature Reviews Immunology
Nature Reviews Immunology is a monthly review journal covering the field of immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Nature Reviews Immunology
NCR1
Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCR1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and NCR1
NCR2
Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCR2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and NCR2
NCR3
Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCR3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and NCR3
Nectin
Nectins and Nectin-like molecules (Necl) are families of cellular adhesion molecules involved in Ca2+-independent cellular adhesion.
See Outline of immunology and Nectin
Neonatal fragment crystallizable receptor
The neonatal fragment crystallizable (Fc) receptor (also FcRn, IgG receptor FcRn large subunit p51, or Brambell receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCGRT gene.
See Outline of immunology and Neonatal fragment crystallizable receptor
Neoplasm
A neoplasm is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.
See Outline of immunology and Neoplasm
Neural cell adhesion molecule
Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), also called CD56, is a homophilic binding glycoprotein expressed on the surface of neurons, glia and skeletal muscle.
See Outline of immunology and Neural cell adhesion molecule
Neuroimmune system
The neuroimmune system is a system of structures and processes involving the biochemical and electrophysiological interactions between the nervous system and immune system which protect neurons from pathogens. Outline of immunology and neuroimmune system are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Neuroimmune system
Neuroimmunology
Neuroimmunology is a field combining neuroscience, the study of the nervous system, and immunology, the study of the immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Neuroimmunology
Neutrophil
Neutrophils (also known as neutrocytes, heterophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes) are a type of white blood cell.
See Outline of immunology and Neutrophil
NF-κB
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factor protein complexes that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival.
See Outline of immunology and NF-κB
NFASC
Neurofascin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFASC gene.
See Outline of immunology and NFASC
NFAT
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is a family of transcription factors shown to be important in immune response. Outline of immunology and NFAT are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and NFAT
NFAT5
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5, also known as NFAT5 and sometimes TonEBP, is a human gene that encodes a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in the osmotic stress.
See Outline of immunology and NFAT5
NFATC1
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFATC1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and NFATC1
NFATC2
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFATC2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and NFATC2
NFATC3
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFATC3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and NFATC3
NFATC4
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFATC4 gene.
See Outline of immunology and NFATC4
NLRC4
NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLRC4 gene.
See Outline of immunology and NLRC4
NLRP1
NLRP1 encodes NACHT, LRR, FIIND, CARD domain and PYD domains-containing protein 1 in humans.
See Outline of immunology and NLRP1
NLRP12
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 12 (NLRP12; also known as NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 12 or NALP12) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLRP12 gene.
See Outline of immunology and NLRP12
NLRP2
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLRP2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and NLRP2
NLRP3
NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) (previously known as NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 and cryopyrin), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLRP3 gene located on the long arm of chromosome 1.
See Outline of immunology and NLRP3
NLRP4
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLRP4 gene.
See Outline of immunology and NLRP4
NLRP7
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLRP7 gene.
See Outline of immunology and NLRP7
NOD-like receptor
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, or NOD-like receptors (NLRs) (also known as nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors), are intracellular sensors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that enter the cell via phagocytosis or pores, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are associated with cell stress. Outline of immunology and NOD-like receptor are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and NOD-like receptor
NOD1
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) is a protein receptor that in humans is encoded by the NOD1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and NOD1
NOD2
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2), also known as caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15 (CARD15) or inflammatory bowel disease protein 1 (IBD1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOD2 gene located on chromosome 16.
See Outline of immunology and NOD2
Obligate
As an adjective, obligate means "by necessity" (antonym facultative) and is used mainly in biology in phrases such as.
See Outline of immunology and Obligate
OLR1
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (Ox-LDL receptor 1) also known as lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OLR1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and OLR1
Oncostatin M
Oncostatin M, also known as OSM, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OSM gene.
See Outline of immunology and Oncostatin M
Oncostatin M receptor
Oncostatin-M specific receptor subunit beta also known as the Oncostatin M receptor (OSMR), is one of the receptor proteins for oncostatin M, that in humans is encoded by the OSMR gene.
See Outline of immunology and Oncostatin M receptor
Open access
Open access (OA) is a set of principles and a range of practices through which research outputs are distributed online, free of access charges or other barriers.
See Outline of immunology and Open access
Opsonin
Opsonins are extracellular proteins that, when bound to substances or cells, induce phagocytes to phagocytose the substances or cells with the opsonins bound. Outline of immunology and opsonin are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Opsonin
Organ transplantation
Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed from one body and placed in the body of a recipient, to replace a damaged or missing organ.
See Outline of immunology and Organ transplantation
Organism
An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.
See Outline of immunology and Organism
Original antigenic sin
Original antigenic sin, also known as antigenic imprinting, the Hoskins effect, immunological imprinting, or primary addiction is the propensity of the immune system to preferentially use immunological memory based on a previous infection when a second slightly different version of that foreign pathogen (e.g. Outline of immunology and Original antigenic sin are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Original antigenic sin
Orosomucoid
Orosomucoid (ORM) or alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (α1AGp, AGP or AAG) is an acute phase protein found in plasma.
See Outline of immunology and Orosomucoid
Osteoclast
An osteoclast is a type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue.
See Outline of immunology and Osteoclast
Osteoimmunology
Osteoimmunology (όστέον, osteon from Greek, "bone"; from Latin, "immunity"; and λόγος, logos, from Greek "study") is a field that emerged about 40 years ago that studies the interface between the skeletal system and the immune system, comprising the "osteo-immune system".
See Outline of immunology and Osteoimmunology
Osteoprotegerin
Osteoprotegerin (OPG), also known as osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) or tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B (TNFRSF11B), is a cytokine receptor of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily encoded by the TNFRSF11B gene.
See Outline of immunology and Osteoprotegerin
Outline (list)
An outline, also called a hierarchical outline, is a list arranged to show hierarchical relationships and is a type of tree structure.
See Outline of immunology and Outline (list)
Outline of immunology
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to immunology: Immunology – study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. Outline of immunology and outline of immunology are immune system, immunology, immunology lists, outlines, outlines of health and fitness and outlines of natural sciences.
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OX40 ligand
OX40L is the ligand for OX40 (also known as CD134 or TNFRSF4) and is stably expressed on many antigen-presenting cells such as DC2s (a subtype of dendritic cells), macrophages, and activated B lymphocytes.
See Outline of immunology and OX40 ligand
P-selectin
P-selectin is a type-1 transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the SELP gene.
See Outline of immunology and P-selectin
Parasitism
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
See Outline of immunology and Parasitism
Paratope
In immunology, a paratope, also known as an antigen-binding site, is the part of an antibody which recognizes and binds to an antigen. Outline of immunology and paratope are immune system.
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Passive immunity
In immunology, passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies. Outline of immunology and passive immunity are immunology.
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Pathogenic bacteria
Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease.
See Outline of immunology and Pathogenic bacteria
Pattern recognition receptor
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in the proper function of the innate immune system. Outline of immunology and Pattern recognition receptor are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Pattern recognition receptor
Peanut allergy
Peanut allergy is a type of food allergy to peanuts.
See Outline of immunology and Peanut allergy
Pemphigus vulgaris
Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare chronic blistering skin disease and the most common form of pemphigus.
See Outline of immunology and Pemphigus vulgaris
Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1
Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1, PGLYRP1, also known as TAG7, is an antibacterial and pro-inflammatory innate immunity protein that in humans is encoded by the PGLYRP1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1
Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2
Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGLYRP2) is an enzyme (EC 3.5.1.28), ''N''-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase (NAMLAA), that hydrolyzes bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan and is encoded by the PGLYRP2 gene.
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Pericyte
Pericytes (formerly called Rouget cells) are multi-functional mural cells of the microcirculation that wrap around the endothelial cells that line the capillaries throughout the body.
See Outline of immunology and Pericyte
Peripheral tolerance
In immunology, peripheral tolerance is the second branch of immunological tolerance, after central tolerance. Outline of immunology and peripheral tolerance are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Peripheral tolerance
Pernicious anemia
Pernicious anemia is a disease where not enough red blood cells are produced due to a deficiency of vitamin B12.
See Outline of immunology and Pernicious anemia
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.
See Outline of immunology and Phagocytosis
Physiology
Physiology is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system.
See Outline of immunology and Physiology
Placenta
The placenta (placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation.
See Outline of immunology and Placenta
Plasma cell
Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells or effector B cells, are white blood cells that originate in the lymphoid organs as B cells and secrete large quantities of proteins called antibodies in response to being presented specific substances called antigens. Outline of immunology and plasma cell are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Plasma cell
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a rare type of immune cell that are known to secrete large quantities of type 1 interferon (IFNs) in response to a viral infection.
See Outline of immunology and Plasmacytoid dendritic cell
Platelet
Platelets or thrombocytes are a blood component whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.
See Outline of immunology and Platelet
Platelet factor 4
Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4).
See Outline of immunology and Platelet factor 4
Poliovirus receptor-related 1
Poliovirus receptor-related 1 (PVRL1), also known as nectin-1 and CD111 (formerly herpesvirus entry mediator C, HVEC) is a human protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), also considered a member of the nectins.
See Outline of immunology and Poliovirus receptor-related 1
Poliovirus receptor-related 2
Poliovirus receptor-related 2 (PVRL2), also known as nectin-2 and CD112 (formerly herpesvirus entry mediator B, HVEB), is a human plasma membrane glycoprotein.
See Outline of immunology and Poliovirus receptor-related 2
Polyclonal antibodies
Polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) are antibodies that are secreted by different B cell lineages within the body (whereas monoclonal antibodies come from a single cell lineage). Outline of immunology and Polyclonal antibodies are immune system and immunology.
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Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. Outline of immunology and Polyclonal B cell response are immune system and immunology.
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Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor
Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the PIGR gene.
See Outline of immunology and Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor
Preventive healthcare
Preventive healthcare, or prophylaxis, is the application of healthcare measures to prevent diseases.
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Primary immunodeficiency
Primary immunodeficiencies are disorders in which part of the body's immune system is missing or does not function normally.
See Outline of immunology and Primary immunodeficiency
Proerythroblast
A proerythroblast (or rubriblast, or pronormoblast) is the earliest of four stages in development of the normoblast.
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Programmed cell death protein 1
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), (CD279 cluster of differentiation 279). Outline of immunology and Programmed cell death protein 1 are immune system.
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Prolactin receptor
The prolactin receptor (PRLR) is a type I cytokine receptor encoded in humans by the PRLR gene on chromosome 5p13-14.
See Outline of immunology and Prolactin receptor
Prolymphocyte
A prolymphocyte is a white blood cell with a certain state of cellular differentiation in lymphocytopoiesis.
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Promegakaryocyte
A promegakaryocyte is a precursor cell for a megakaryocyte. Outline of immunology and promegakaryocyte are immune system.
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Promonocyte
A promonocyte (or premonocyte) is a cell arising from a monoblast and developing into a monocyte. Outline of immunology and promonocyte are immune system.
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Promyelocyte
A promyelocyte (or progranulocyte) is a granulocyte precursor, developing from the myeloblast and developing into the myelocyte.
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Properdin
Properdin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFP (complement factor properdin) gene.
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Protein structure
Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule.
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Protozoa
Protozoa (protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris.
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Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), also referred to as psychoendoneuroimmunology (PENI) or psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology (PNEI), is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body.
See Outline of immunology and Psychoneuroimmunology
RAG1
Recombination activating gene 1 also known as RAG-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAG1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and RAG1
RAG2
Recombination activating gene 2 protein (also known as RAG-2) is a lymphocyte-specific protein encoded by the RAG2 gene on human chromosome 11.
See Outline of immunology and RAG2
RANK
Receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B (RANK), also known as TRANCE receptor or TNFRSF11A, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) molecular sub-family.
See Outline of immunology and RANK
RANKL
Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa- ligand (RANKL), also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11), TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL), and osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF11 gene.
See Outline of immunology and RANKL
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the (RAR-related orphan receptor C) gene.
See Outline of immunology and RAR-related orphan receptor gamma
Reactive arthritis
Reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter's syndrome, is a form of inflammatory arthritis that develops in response to an infection in another part of the body (cross-reactivity).
See Outline of immunology and Reactive arthritis
Recombination signal sequences
Recombination signal sequences are conserved sequences of noncoding DNA that are recognized by the RAG1/RAG2 enzyme complex during V(D)J recombination in immature B cells and T cells. Outline of immunology and recombination signal sequences are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Recombination signal sequences
Recombination-activating gene
The recombination-activating genes (RAGs) encode parts of a protein complex that plays important roles in the rearrangement and recombination of the genes encoding immunoglobulin and T cell receptor molecules. Outline of immunology and recombination-activating gene are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Recombination-activating gene
Red pulp
The red pulp of the spleen is composed of connective tissue known also as the cords of Billroth and many splenic sinusoids that are engorged with blood, giving it a red color.
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Regulatory T cell
The regulatory T cells (Tregs or Treg cells), formerly known as suppressor T cells, are a subpopulation of T cells that modulate the immune system, maintain tolerance to self-antigens, and prevent autoimmune disease.
See Outline of immunology and Regulatory T cell
Respiratory tract
The respiratory tract is the subdivision of the respiratory system involved with the process of conducting air to the alveoli for the purposes of gas exchange in mammals.
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Reticulocyte
In hematology, reticulocytes are immature red blood cells (RBCs).
See Outline of immunology and Reticulocyte
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever (RF) is an inflammatory disease that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain.
See Outline of immunology and Rheumatic fever
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.
See Outline of immunology and Rheumatoid arthritis
RIG-I
RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that can mediate induction of a type-I interferon (IFN1) response.
See Outline of immunology and RIG-I
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA).
See Outline of immunology and RNA
S1PR1
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P receptor 1 or S1PR1), also known as endothelial differentiation gene 1 (EDG1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the S1PR1 gene. Outline of immunology and S1PR1 are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and S1PR1
S1PR2
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2, also known as S1PR2 or S1P2, is a human gene which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor which binds the lipid signaling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P).
See Outline of immunology and S1PR2
S1PR3
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 also known as S1PR3 is a human gene which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor which binds the lipid signaling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P).
See Outline of immunology and S1PR3
S1PR4
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 also known as S1PR4 is a human gene which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor which binds the lipid signaling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P).
See Outline of immunology and S1PR4
S1PR5
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 also known as S1PR5 is a human gene which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor which binds the lipid signaling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P).
See Outline of immunology and S1PR5
Saliva
Saliva (commonly referred to as spit or drool) is an extracellular fluid produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth.
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SCARB1
Scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SRB1) also known as SR-BI is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCARB1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and SCARB1
SCARB2
Lysosomal integral membrane protein 2 (LIMP-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCARB2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and SCARB2
Scavenger receptor (immunology)
Scavenger receptors are a large and diverse superfamily of cell surface receptors.
See Outline of immunology and Scavenger receptor (immunology)
Selectin
The selectins (cluster of differentiation 62 or CD62) are a family of cell adhesion molecules (or CAMs).
See Outline of immunology and Selectin
Self-protein
Self-protein refers to all proteins endogenously produced by DNA-level transcription and translation within an organism of interest. Outline of immunology and Self-protein are immunology.
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Sepsis
Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
See Outline of immunology and Sepsis
Serum albumin
Serum albumin, often referred to simply as blood albumin, is an albumin (a type of globular protein) found in vertebrate blood.
See Outline of immunology and Serum albumin
Serum amyloid A
Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins are a family of apolipoproteins associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. Outline of immunology and Serum amyloid A are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Serum amyloid A
Serum amyloid P component
The serum amyloid P component (SAP) is the identical serum form of the amyloid P component (AP), a 25 kDa pentameric protein first identified as the pentagonal constituent of in vivo pathological deposits called "amyloid".
See Outline of immunology and Serum amyloid P component
Serum sickness
Serum sickness in humans is a reaction to proteins in antiserum derived from a non-human animal source, occurring 5–10 days after exposure.
See Outline of immunology and Serum sickness
Sialic acid
Sialic acids are a class of alpha-keto acid sugars with a nine-carbon backbone.
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Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 12
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 12, or Siglec-XII, is a protein that in humans, is encoded by the SIGLEC12 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 12
Sialoadhesin
Sialoadhesin (SIGLEC-1) is a cell adhesion molecule found on the surface of macrophages.
See Outline of immunology and Sialoadhesin
Siglec
Siglecs (Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins) are cell surface proteins that bind sialic acid.
See Outline of immunology and Siglec
SIGLEC10
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIGLEC10 gene.
See Outline of immunology and SIGLEC10
SIGLEC5
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIGLEC5 gene.
See Outline of immunology and SIGLEC5
SIGLEC7
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIGLEC7 gene.
See Outline of immunology and SIGLEC7
SIGLEC8
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIGLEC8 gene.
See Outline of immunology and SIGLEC8
SIGLEC9
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIGLEC9 gene.
See Outline of immunology and SIGLEC9
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) is a family of genes.
See Outline of immunology and Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule
Sjögren syndrome
Sjögren syndrome or Sjögren's syndrome (SjS, SS) is a long-term autoimmune disease that primarily affects the body's exocrine glands, particularly the lacrimal and salivary glands.
See Outline of immunology and Sjögren syndrome
Skin
Skin is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation.
See Outline of immunology and Skin
SLAMF1
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLAMF1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and SLAMF1
SLAMF6
SLAM family member 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLAMF6 gene.
See Outline of immunology and SLAMF6
SLAMF7
SLAM family member 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLAMF7 gene.
See Outline of immunology and SLAMF7
SLAMF8
SLAM family member 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLAMF8 gene.
See Outline of immunology and SLAMF8
Soy allergy
Soy allergy is a type of food allergy.
See Outline of immunology and Soy allergy
Spleen
The spleen is an organ found in almost all vertebrates. Outline of immunology and spleen are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Spleen
Stromal cell
Stromal cells, or mesenchymal stromal cells, are differentiating cells found in abundance within bone marrow but can also be seen all around the body.
See Outline of immunology and Stromal cell
Stromal cell-derived factor 1
The stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), also known as C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), is a chemokine protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL12 gene on chromosome 10.
See Outline of immunology and Stromal cell-derived factor 1
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Subacute bacterial endocarditis, abbreviated SBE, is a type of endocarditis (more specifically, infective endocarditis).
See Outline of immunology and Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Superantigen
Superantigens (SAgs) are a class of antigens that result in excessive activation of the immune system. Outline of immunology and Superantigen are immune system.
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Surfactant protein A
Surfactant protein A is an innate immune system collectin.
See Outline of immunology and Surfactant protein A
Surfactant protein D
Surfactant protein D, also known as SP-D, is a lung surfactant protein part of the collagenous family of lectins called collectin.
See Outline of immunology and Surfactant protein D
Systems immunology
Systems immunology is a research field under systems biology that uses mathematical approaches and computational methods to examine the interactions within cellular and molecular networks of the immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Systems immunology
T cell
T cells are one of the important types of white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response. Outline of immunology and t cell are immune system and immunology.
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T helper 17 cell
T helper 17 cells (Th17) are a subset of pro-inflammatory T helper cells defined by their production of interleukin 17 (IL-17).
See Outline of immunology and T helper 17 cell
T helper 3 cell
T helper 3 cells (Th3) are a subset of T lymphocytes with immunoregulary and immunosuppressive functions, that can be induced by administration of foreign oral antigen.
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T helper cell
The T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4+ cells or CD4-positive cells, are a type of T cell that play an important role in the adaptive immune system. Outline of immunology and t helper cell are immune system.
See Outline of immunology and T helper cell
T-cell receptor
The T-cell receptor (TCR) is a protein complex found on the surface of T cells, or T lymphocytes, that is responsible for recognizing fragments of antigen as peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
See Outline of immunology and T-cell receptor
T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain
CD3e molecule, epsilon also known as CD3E is a polypeptide which in humans is encoded by the CD3E gene which resides on chromosome 11.
See Outline of immunology and T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain
TBX21
T-box transcription factor TBX21, also called T-bet (T-box expressed in T cells) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBX21 gene.
See Outline of immunology and TBX21
Tears
Tears are a clear liquid secreted by the lacrimal glands (tear gland) found in the eyes of all land mammals.
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Testicle
A testicle or testis (testes) is the male gonad in all bilaterians, including humans.
See Outline of immunology and Testicle
Testicular immunology
Testicular Immunology is the study of the immune system within the testis.
See Outline of immunology and Testicular immunology
TGF beta receptor
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptors are single pass serine/threonine kinase receptors that belong to TGFβ receptor family.
See Outline of immunology and TGF beta receptor
TGF beta receptor 1
Transforming growth factor beta receptor I (activin A receptor type II-like kinase, 53kDa) is a membrane-bound TGF beta receptor protein of the TGF-beta receptor family for the TGF beta superfamily of signaling ligands.
See Outline of immunology and TGF beta receptor 1
TGF beta receptor 2
Transforming growth factor, beta receptor II (70/80kDa) is a TGF beta receptor.
See Outline of immunology and TGF beta receptor 2
TGF beta signaling pathway
The transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiation, cell migration, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions.
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TGFBR3
Betaglycan also known as Transforming growth factor beta receptor III (TGFBR3), is a cell-surface chondroitin sulfate / heparan sulfate proteoglycan >300 kDa in molecular weight.
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Thrombopoiesis
Thrombopoiesis is the formation of thrombocytes (blood platelets) in the bone marrow.
See Outline of immunology and Thrombopoiesis
Thrombopoietin receptor
The thrombopoietin receptor also known as the myeloproliferative leukemia protein or CD110 (Cluster of Differentiation 110) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MPL (myeloproliferative leukemia virus) oncogene.
See Outline of immunology and Thrombopoietin receptor
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin (IL)-2-like cytokine, alarmin, and growth factor involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, primarily those of the immune system. Outline of immunology and Thymic stromal lymphopoietin are immunology.
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Thymocyte
A thymocyte is an immune cell present in the thymus, before it undergoes transformation into a T cell.
See Outline of immunology and Thymocyte
Thymus
The thymus (thymuses or thymi) is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. Outline of immunology and thymus are immune system.
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Timeline of immunology
The following are notable events in the Timeline of immunology. Outline of immunology and Timeline of immunology are immunology.
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Tingible body macrophage
A tingible body macrophage (TBM) is a type of macrophage predominantly found in germinal centers of lymph nodes.
See Outline of immunology and Tingible body macrophage
TNF receptor superfamily
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) is a protein superfamily of cytokine receptors characterized by the ability to bind tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) via an extracellular cysteine-rich domain.
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TNFRSF12A
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A also known as the TWEAK receptor (TWEAKR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF12A gene.
See Outline of immunology and TNFRSF12A
TNFRSF18
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 (TNFRSF18), also known as glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) or CD357.
See Outline of immunology and TNFRSF18
TNFRSF19
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 19, also known as TNFRSF19 and TROY is a human gene.
See Outline of immunology and TNFRSF19
TNFSF12
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12 also known as TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF12 gene.
See Outline of immunology and TNFSF12
TNFSF18
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF18 gene.
See Outline of immunology and TNFSF18
TNFSF9
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 9 also known as 4-1BB ligand or 4-1BBL or CD137L is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF9 gene.
See Outline of immunology and TNFSF9
Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptor 1
Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) is a member of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which is a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that form the cornerstone of the innate immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Toll-like receptor 1
Toll-like receptor 10
Toll-like receptor 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR10 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Toll-like receptor 10
Toll-like receptor 2
Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Toll-like receptor 2
Toll-like receptor 3
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) also known as CD283 (cluster of differentiation 283) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR3 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Toll-like receptor 3
Toll-like receptor 4
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), also designated as CD284 (cluster of differentiation 284), is a key activator of the innate immune response and plays a central role in the fight against bacterial infections.
See Outline of immunology and Toll-like receptor 4
Toll-like receptor 5
Toll-like receptor 5, also known as TLR5, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TLR5 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Toll-like receptor 5
Toll-like receptor 6
Toll-like receptor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR6 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Toll-like receptor 6
Toll-like receptor 7
Toll-like receptor 7, also known as TLR7, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR7 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Toll-like receptor 7
Toll-like receptor 8
Toll-like receptor 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR8 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Toll-like receptor 8
Toll-like receptor 9
Toll-like receptor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR9 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Toll-like receptor 9
TRA (gene)
T-cell receptor alpha locus is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRA gene, also known as TCRA or TRA@.
See Outline of immunology and TRA (gene)
TRAIL
In the field of cell biology, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), is a protein functioning as a ligand that induces the process of cell death called apoptosis.
See Outline of immunology and TRAIL
Transferrin
Transferrins are glycoproteins found in vertebrates which bind and consequently mediate the transport of iron (Fe) through blood plasma.
See Outline of immunology and Transferrin
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GvHD) is a rare complication of blood transfusion, in which the immunologically competent donor T lymphocytes mount an immune response against the recipient's lymphoid tissue.
See Outline of immunology and Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
Transmembrane activator and CAML interactor
Transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B (TNFRSF13B) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF13B gene.
See Outline of immunology and Transmembrane activator and CAML interactor
Transplant rejection
Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue.
See Outline of immunology and Transplant rejection
TRD (gene)
T cell receptor delta locus (symbol TRD), also known as TCRD or TRD@, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRD gene.
See Outline of immunology and TRD (gene)
Tree nut allergy
A tree nut allergy is a hypersensitivity to dietary substances from tree nuts and edible tree seeds causing an overreaction of the immune system which may lead to severe physical symptoms.
See Outline of immunology and Tree nut allergy
TRG (gene)
T cell receptor gamma locus is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRG gene, also known as TCRG or TRG@.
See Outline of immunology and TRG (gene)
Tumor antigen
Tumor antigen is an antigenic substance produced in tumor cells, i.e., it triggers an immune response in the host.
See Outline of immunology and Tumor antigen
Tumor necrosis factor
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachexin, or cachectin; formerly known as tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα or TNF-α) is a cytokine and member of the TNF superfamily, which consists of various transmembrane proteins with a homologous TNF domain.
See Outline of immunology and Tumor necrosis factor
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) and CD120a, is a ubiquitous membrane receptor that binds tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα).
See Outline of immunology and Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B (TNFRSF1B) and CD120b, is one of two membrane receptors that binds tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα).
See Outline of immunology and Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2
Tumor necrosis factor superfamily
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily is a protein superfamily of type II transmembrane proteins containing TNF homology domain and forming trimers.
See Outline of immunology and Tumor necrosis factor superfamily
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes (T1D), formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that originates when cells that make insulin (beta cells) are destroyed by the immune system.
See Outline of immunology and Type 1 diabetes
Type I cytokine receptor
Type I cytokine receptors are transmembrane receptors expressed on the surface of cells that recognize and respond to cytokines with four α-helical strands.
See Outline of immunology and Type I cytokine receptor
Type I hypersensitivity
Type I hypersensitivity (or immediate hypersensitivity), in the Gell and Coombs classification of allergic reactions, is an allergic reaction provoked by re-exposure to a specific type of antigen referred to as an allergen.
See Outline of immunology and Type I hypersensitivity
Type II cytokine receptor
Type II cytokine receptors, also commonly known as class II cytokine receptors, are transmembrane proteins that are expressed on the surface of certain cells.
See Outline of immunology and Type II cytokine receptor
Type II hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity, in the Gell and Coombs classification of allergic reactions, is an antibody mediated process in which IgG and IgM antibodies are directed against antigens on cells (such as circulating red blood cells) or extracellular material (such as basement membrane).
See Outline of immunology and Type II hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity, in the Gell and Coombs classification of allergic reactions, occurs when there is accumulation of immune complexes (antigen-antibody complexes) that have not been adequately cleared by innate immune cells, giving rise to an inflammatory response and attraction of leukocytes.
See Outline of immunology and Type III hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity, in the Gell and Coombs classification of allergic reactions, often called delayed-type hypersensitivity, is a type of hypersensitivity reaction that can take a day or more to develop.
See Outline of immunology and Type IV hypersensitivity
V(D)J recombination
V(D)J recombination (variable–diversity–joining rearrangement) is the mechanism of somatic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation. Outline of immunology and V(D)J recombination are immune system and immunology.
See Outline of immunology and V(D)J recombination
Vaccination
Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop immunity from a disease. Outline of immunology and Vaccination are immunology.
See Outline of immunology and Vaccination
Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease.
See Outline of immunology and Vaccine
Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor
Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI), also known as TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A) and TNF superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15), is protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF15 gene.
See Outline of immunology and Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor
VCAM-1
Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 also known as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) or cluster of differentiation 106 (CD106) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VCAM1 gene.
See Outline of immunology and VCAM-1
Virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
See Outline of immunology and Virus
Vitronectin
Vitronectin (VTN or VN) is a glycoprotein of the hemopexin family which is synthesized and excreted by the liver, and abundantly found in serum, the extracellular matrix and bone.
See Outline of immunology and Vitronectin
VLA-4
Integrin α4β1 (very late antigen-4) is an integrin dimer.
See Outline of immunology and VLA-4
Wheat allergy
Wheat allergy is an allergy to wheat which typically presents itself as a food allergy, but can also be a contact allergy resulting from occupational exposure.
See Outline of immunology and Wheat allergy
White pulp
White pulp is a histological designation for regions of the spleen (named because it appears whiter than the surrounding red pulp on cross section), that encompasses approximately 25% of splenic tissue.
See Outline of immunology and White pulp
XCL1
Chemokine (C motif) ligand (XCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the C chemokine family that is also known as lymphotactin.
See Outline of immunology and XCL1
XCL2
Chemokine (C motif) ligand 2 (XCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the XC chemokine family that is highly related to another chemokine called XCL1.
See Outline of immunology and XCL2
XCR1
The "C" sub-family of chemokine receptors contains only one member: XCR1, the receptor for XCL1 and XCL2 (or lymphotactin-1 and -2).
See Outline of immunology and XCR1
See also
Immunology lists
- Index of immunology articles
- List of human clusters of differentiation
- List of immunologists
- List of organ transplant donors and recipients
- Outline of immunology
Outlines of health and fitness
- List of vaccine topics
- List of veins of the human body
- Outline of abnormal psychology
- Outline of anesthesia
- Outline of autism
- Outline of bipolar disorder
- Outline of brain mapping
- Outline of cannabis
- Outline of cardiology
- Outline of chocolate
- Outline of clinical research
- Outline of counseling
- Outline of death
- Outline of dentistry and oral health
- Outline of diabetes
- Outline of emergency medicine
- Outline of ergonomics
- Outline of exercise
- Outline of health
- Outline of health sciences
- Outline of herbs and spices
- Outline of human anatomy
- Outline of immunology
- Outline of infectious disease concepts
- Outline of life extension
- Outline of meals
- Outline of medicine
- Outline of obstetrics
- Outline of physiology
- Outline of psychiatry
- Outline of psychology
- Outline of relationships
- Outline of smoking
- Outline of the COVID-19 pandemic
- Outline of the human brain
- Outline of the human nervous system
- Outline of the psychiatric survivors movement
- Outline of trauma and orthopedics
Outlines of natural sciences
- Outline of applied physics
- Outline of astronomy
- Outline of human anatomy
- Outline of immunology
- Outline of meteorology
- Outline of natural science
- Outline of oceanography
- Outline of organic chemistry
- Outline of physics
- Outline of radio science
References
Also known as List of basic immunology topics, List of branches of immunology, List of immunology topics, Topic outline of immunology, Topical outline of immunology.
, Autoimmunity, B cell, B-cell activating factor, B-cell maturation antigen, B-cell receptor, B1 cell, BAFF receptor, Band cell, Basophil, BCL6, BioMed Central, Blood, Bone, Bone marrow, Bone marrow-derived macrophage, Bullous pemphigoid, C-C chemokine receptor type 6, C-C chemokine receptor type 7, C-reactive protein, C1-inhibitor, C3-convertase, C3a (complement), C3a receptor, C3b, C4b-binding protein, C5-convertase, C5a receptor, C5AR2, C8 complex, Cadherin, CADM3, Cancer immunology, Cancer immunotherapy, Carcinoembryonic antigen, CARD (domain), CC chemokine receptors, CCL1, CCL11, CCL12, CCL13, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16, CCL17, CCL18, CCL19, CCL2, CCL20, CCL21, CCL22, CCL23, CCL24, CCL25, CCL26, CCL28, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCL7, CCL8, CCL9, CCR1, CCR10, CCR2, CCR3 (gene), CCR4, CCR5, CCR8 (gene), CCR9, CD 205, CD134, CD137, CD146, CD153, CD154, CD164, CD19, CD2, CD22, CD23, CD24, CD244, CD27, CD278, CD28, CD3 (immunology), CD30, CD31, CD33, CD34, CD36, CD3D, CD3G, CD4, CD40 (protein), CD44, CD48, CD58, CD64 (biology), CD68, CD69, CD70, CD79, CD79A, CD79B, CD8, CD80, CD81, CD84, CD86, CD8A, CEACAM1, CEACAM16, CEACAM18, CEACAM19, CEACAM20, CEACAM21, CEACAM3, CEACAM4, CEACAM5, CEACAM6, CEACAM7, CEACAM8, Cell adhesion molecule, Cell adhesion molecule 1, Cell-mediated immunity, Central nervous system, Central tolerance, Ceruloplasmin, CFU-Baso, CFU-DL, CFU-Eos, CFU-GEMM, CFU-GM, CFU-Mast, CFU-Meg, Chemokine, Chemokine receptor, CHL1, CIITA, Classical complement pathway, CLEC10A, CLEC12A, CLEC1B, CLEC4A, CLEC4C, CLEC7A, Clonal anergy, Clonal deletion, Clonal selection, Co-stimulation, Coeliac disease, Collectin, Colony-stimulating factor, Common gamma chain, Complement component 1q, Complement component 1r, Complement component 1s, Complement component 2, Complement component 3, Complement component 4, Complement component 5, Complement component 5a, Complement component 6, Complement component 7, Complement component 9, Complement deficiency, Complement factor B, Complement factor I, Complement membrane attack complex, Complement receptor, Complement receptor 1, Complement receptor 2, Complement receptor of the immunoglobulin family, Complement system, Complementarity-determining region, Computational immunology, Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, Cross-presentation, Cross-reactivity, CSF2RB, Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis, CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1, CX3CL1, CXC chemokine receptors, CXCL1, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, CXCL14, CXCL15, CXCL16, CXCL17, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL9, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, Cytokine, Cytokine receptor, Cytokine storm, Cytotoxic T cell, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, Cytotoxicity, DC-SIGN, Death receptor 3, Death receptor 4, Death receptor 5, Death receptor 6, Decay-accelerating factor, Decoy receptor 1, Decoy receptor 2, Decoy receptor 3, Defensin, Dendritic cell, Dermis, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, E-selectin, Ectodysplasin A, Ectodysplasin A2 receptor, Egg allergy, Eicosanoid receptor, Eosinophil, Epithelioid cell, Epithelium, Epitope, Erythropoiesis, Erythropoietin, Erythropoietin receptor, ESAM (gene), Eye, Factor D, Factor H, Farmer's lung, Fas ligand, Fas receptor, Fc receptor, Fc receptor-like molecule, FCAR, FCER1, FCER1A, FCGR2A, FCGR2B, FCGR3A, FCGR3B, Fcα/μR, FCN1, FCN2, FCN3, FCRL1, FCRL2, FCRL3, FCRL4, FCRL5, FCRLA, Ferritin, Fibrin, Fibrinogen, Fibronectin, Flow cytometry, Follicular B cell, Follicular B helper T cells, Follicular dendritic cells, Food allergy, Foreign-body giant cell, Formyl peptide receptor, Formyl peptide receptor 2, Formyl peptide receptor 3, FOXP3, Fragment antigen-binding region, Fragment crystallizable region, Framework region, Fungus, G protein-coupled receptor, Gamma delta T cell, Gastric acid, GATA3, Genetically modified mouse, Giant cell, Giant cell arteritis, GLYCAM1, Glycoprotein 130, Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, Goodpasture syndrome, Graft-versus-host disease, Granulocyte, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor, Granuloma, Granulopoiesis, Graves' disease, Growth hormone receptor, Guillain–Barré syndrome, Gut-associated lymphoid tissue, Haematopoiesis, Hapten, Haptoglobin, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Hemolytic disease of the newborn, Hemopexin, Henoch–Schönlein purpura, Herd immunity, Herpesvirus entry mediator, Histiocyte, Histology, Hives, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DM, HLA-DMA, HLA-DMB, HLA-DO, HLA-DOA, HLA-DOB, HLA-DP, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQ, HLA-DQA2, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DQB3, HLA-DR, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB4, HLA-DRB5, HLA-E, HLA-F, HLA-G, Hofbauer cell, Humoral immunity, Hybridoma technology, Hypersensitivity, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Hypervariable region, IC3b, ICAM-1, ICAM2, ICAM3, ICAM4, ICAM5, Idiotype, IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IL-2 receptor, IL13RA2, IL17RA, IL17RB, IL17RC, IL18R1, IL18RAP, IL1RAP, IL2RA, IL2RB, IL36A, IL36B, IL36G, IL3RA, Immune complex, Immune disorder, Immune system, Immune thrombocytopenic purpura, Immune tolerance, Immunity (medicine), Immunization, Immunoassay, Immunochemistry, Immunodeficiency, Immunodermatology, Immunofixation, Immunofluorescence, Immunogen, Immunogenetics, Immunogenicity, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin class switching, Immunoglobulin D, Immunoglobulin E, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin heavy chain, Immunoglobulin light chain, Immunoglobulin M, Immunoglobulin superfamily, Immunological synapse, Immunology, Immunopathology, Immunoproliferative disorder, Immunoproteomics, Immunostimulant, Immunosuppression, Immunosuppressive drug, Immunotherapy, Immunotoxicology, In situ, In vitro, In vivo, Inflammasome, Inflammation, Inflammatory bowel disease, Inhibitor of apoptosis domain, Innate immune system, Integrin, Integrin alpha 10, Integrin alpha 11, Integrin alpha 2, Integrin alpha 2b, Integrin alpha 3, Integrin alpha 4, Integrin alpha 5, Integrin alpha 6, Integrin alpha 7, Integrin alpha 8, Integrin alpha 9, Integrin alpha D, Integrin alpha L, Integrin alpha M, Integrin alpha V, Integrin alpha X, Integrin alpha-1, Integrin alphaXbeta2, Integrin beta 1, Integrin beta 2, Integrin beta 3, Integrin beta 4, Integrin beta 5, Integrin beta 6, Integrin beta 7, Integrin beta 8, Intercellular adhesion molecule, Interferon, Interferon gamma, Interferon gamma receptor 1, Interferon gamma receptor 2, Interferon regulatory factors, Interferon type I, Interferon-alpha/beta receptor, Interferon-gamma receptor, Interleukin, Interleukin 1 beta, Interleukin 1 receptor, type I, Interleukin 1 receptor, type II, Interleukin 1-alpha, Interleukin 10, Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit, Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit, Interleukin 11, Interleukin 11 receptor alpha subunit, Interleukin 12, Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit, Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 2 subunit, Interleukin 13, Interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1, Interleukin 15, Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit, Interleukin 16, Interleukin 17, Interleukin 18, Interleukin 19, Interleukin 2, Interleukin 20, Interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit, Interleukin 20 receptor, beta subunit, Interleukin 21, Interleukin 22, Interleukin 24, Interleukin 25, Interleukin 26, Interleukin 27, Interleukin 27 receptor, alpha subunit, Interleukin 28, Interleukin 28 receptor, alpha subunit, Interleukin 29, Interleukin 3, Interleukin 30, Interleukin 31, Interleukin 32, Interleukin 33, Interleukin 34, Interleukin 35, Interleukin 37, Interleukin 4, Interleukin 5, Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 7, Interleukin 8, Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha, Interleukin 8 receptor, beta, Interleukin 9, Interleukin-1 receptor, Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, Interleukin-10 receptor, Interleukin-11 receptor, Interleukin-12 receptor, Interleukin-13 receptor, Interleukin-15 receptor, Interleukin-17A, Interleukin-18 receptor, Interleukin-20 receptor, Interleukin-21 receptor, Interleukin-22 receptor, Interleukin-23 receptor, Interleukin-27 receptor, Interleukin-28 receptor, Interleukin-3 receptor, Interleukin-4 receptor, Interleukin-5 receptor, Interleukin-6 receptor, Interleukin-7 receptor, Interleukin-9 receptor, Intrinsic immunity, Isotype (immunology), ITGAE, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Junctional diversity, Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, KIR2DL1, KIR2DL4, KIR2DS4, KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2, KIR3DL3, KIT (gene), KLRC2, Kupffer cell, L-selectin, L1 (protein), L1 family, Langerhans cell, Langerin, Langhans giant cell, Latex allergy, Lectin, Lectin pathway, Leukemia inhibitory factor, Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor, Leukocyte extravasation, LGP2, LIGHT (protein), LILRA2, LILRA3, LILRA4, LILRB1, LILRB2, LILRB3, LILRB4, LILRB5, Linearity, List of autoimmune diseases, List of human clusters of differentiation, List of immunologists, Liver, Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor, Lung, Lupus, LY9, Lymph node, Lymphatic system, Lymphoblast, Lymphocyte, Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1, Lymphocyte homing receptor, Lymphopoiesis, Lymphotoxin, Lymphotoxin alpha, Lymphotoxin beta, Lymphotoxin beta receptor, Lysozyme, Macrophage, Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Macrophage-1 antigen, Major histocompatibility complex, Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1, Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1, Mannan-binding lectin, Mannose receptor, Mantoux test, MARCO, Marginal zone, Marginal-zone B cell, MASP1 (protein), MASP2 (protein), Mast cell, MDA5, Megakaryoblast, Megakaryocyte, Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell, Memory B cell, Memory T cell, Meninges, Metamyelocyte, MHC class I, MHC class II, Microfold cell, Microglia, Milk allergy, Mimotope, Monoblast, Monoclonal antibody, Monocyte, Monocytopoiesis, MS4A2, MSR1, Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, Mucous membrane, Mucus, Multiple sclerosis, Myasthenia gravis, Myelin-associated glycoprotein, Myeloblast, Myelocyte, Myelopoiesis, NAIP (gene), Naive T cell, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Natural killer cell, Nature Reviews Immunology, NCR1, NCR2, NCR3, Nectin, Neonatal fragment crystallizable receptor, Neoplasm, Neural cell adhesion molecule, Neuroimmune system, Neuroimmunology, Neutrophil, NF-κB, NFASC, NFAT, NFAT5, NFATC1, NFATC2, NFATC3, NFATC4, NLRC4, NLRP1, NLRP12, NLRP2, NLRP3, NLRP4, NLRP7, NOD-like receptor, NOD1, NOD2, Obligate, OLR1, Oncostatin M, Oncostatin M receptor, Open access, Opsonin, Organ transplantation, Organism, Original antigenic sin, Orosomucoid, Osteoclast, Osteoimmunology, Osteoprotegerin, Outline (list), Outline of immunology, OX40 ligand, P-selectin, Parasitism, Paratope, Passive immunity, Pathogenic bacteria, Pattern recognition receptor, Peanut allergy, Pemphigus vulgaris, Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1, Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2, Pericyte, Peripheral tolerance, Pernicious anemia, Phagocytosis, Physiology, Placenta, Plasma cell, Plasmacytoid dendritic cell, Platelet, Platelet factor 4, Poliovirus receptor-related 1, Poliovirus receptor-related 2, Polyclonal antibodies, Polyclonal B cell response, Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, Preventive healthcare, Primary immunodeficiency, Proerythroblast, Programmed cell death protein 1, Prolactin receptor, Prolymphocyte, Promegakaryocyte, Promonocyte, Promyelocyte, Properdin, Protein structure, Protozoa, Psychoneuroimmunology, RAG1, RAG2, RANK, RANKL, RAR-related orphan receptor gamma, Reactive arthritis, Recombination signal sequences, Recombination-activating gene, Red pulp, Regulatory T cell, Respiratory tract, Reticulocyte, Rheumatic fever, Rheumatoid arthritis, RIG-I, RNA, S1PR1, S1PR2, S1PR3, S1PR4, S1PR5, Saliva, SCARB1, SCARB2, Scavenger receptor (immunology), Selectin, Self-protein, Sepsis, Serum albumin, Serum amyloid A, Serum amyloid P component, Serum sickness, Sialic acid, Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 12, Sialoadhesin, Siglec, SIGLEC10, SIGLEC5, SIGLEC7, SIGLEC8, SIGLEC9, Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule, Sjögren syndrome, Skin, SLAMF1, SLAMF6, SLAMF7, SLAMF8, Soy allergy, Spleen, Stromal cell, Stromal cell-derived factor 1, Subacute bacterial endocarditis, Superantigen, Surfactant protein A, Surfactant protein D, Systems immunology, T cell, T helper 17 cell, T helper 3 cell, T helper cell, T-cell receptor, T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain, TBX21, Tears, Testicle, Testicular immunology, TGF beta receptor, TGF beta receptor 1, TGF beta receptor 2, TGF beta signaling pathway, TGFBR3, Thrombopoiesis, Thrombopoietin receptor, Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, Thymocyte, Thymus, Timeline of immunology, Tingible body macrophage, TNF receptor superfamily, TNFRSF12A, TNFRSF18, TNFRSF19, TNFSF12, TNFSF18, TNFSF9, Toll-like receptor, Toll-like receptor 1, Toll-like receptor 10, Toll-like receptor 2, Toll-like receptor 3, Toll-like receptor 4, Toll-like receptor 5, Toll-like receptor 6, Toll-like receptor 7, Toll-like receptor 8, Toll-like receptor 9, TRA (gene), TRAIL, Transferrin, Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease, Transmembrane activator and CAML interactor, Transplant rejection, TRD (gene), Tree nut allergy, TRG (gene), Tumor antigen, Tumor necrosis factor, Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, Tumor necrosis factor superfamily, Type 1 diabetes, Type I cytokine receptor, Type I hypersensitivity, Type II cytokine receptor, Type II hypersensitivity, Type III hypersensitivity, Type IV hypersensitivity, V(D)J recombination, Vaccination, Vaccine, Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor, VCAM-1, Virus, Vitronectin, VLA-4, Wheat allergy, White pulp, XCL1, XCL2, XCR1.