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183 relations: Abbey, Alessandro Farnese (cardinal), Alessandro Peretti di Montalto, Alphonsus Ciacconius, Alter ego, Anselm of Lucca, Antipope John XXIII, Antonmaria Sauli, Apostolic Dataria, Apostolic Signatura, Archive, Assyrian Church of the East, Avignon Papacy, Barberini family, Baroque, Benefice, Bologna, Camillo Astalli, Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili, Captain General of the Church, Cardinal (Catholic Church), Cardinal Secretary of State, Carlo Carafa, Castel Sant'Angelo, Catholic Church, Catholic Encyclopedia, Cesena, Chancellor (education), Charles Borromeo, Chigi Family, Clerical celibacy (Catholic Church), College of Cardinals, Comtat Venaissin, Conclave capitulation, Council of Florence, Council of Trent, Crown-cardinal, Eamon Duffy, English language, Ercole Consalvi, Excommunication, Favourite, Fifth Council of the Lateran, Financial endowment, Francesco Maidalchini, Francisco de Borja, Gabriele della Genga Sermattei, Genealogy, Giuseppe Pecci, Gregorio Leti, ..., Guarinus of Palestrina, Heredity, History of the papacy, Holy See, House of Borghese, House of Farnese, Hugh Walpole, In nomine Domini, Index Librorum Prohibitorum, Italian scudo, James Craigie Robertson, John Bargrave, Lateran Treaty, Lay cardinal, List of cardinal-nephews, List of Patriarchs of the Church of the East, List of people executed in the Papal States, Livio Odescalchi, Ludovico Ludovisi, Ludwig von Pastor, Madeleine Laurain-Portemer, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Michele Bonelli, Middle Ages, Motu proprio, Nation state, Nepotism, Neri Maria Corsini, Niccolò Coscia, Olimpia Maidalchini, Owen Chadwick, Oxford English Dictionary, Paolo Emilio Sfondrati, Papabile, Papal brief, Papal bull, Papal conclave, Papal conclave, 1464, Papal conclave, 1621, Papal conclave, 1799–1800, Papal conclave, May 1605, Papal diplomacy, Papal infallibility, Papal legate, Papal States, Pietas, Pietro Aldobrandini, Pietro Ottoboni (cardinal), Pope, Pope Adrian V, Pope Adrian VI, Pope Alexander II, Pope Alexander IV, Pope Alexander VI, Pope Alexander VII, Pope Alexander VIII, Pope Anastasius IV, Pope Benedict IX, Pope Benedict VIII, Pope Benedict XII, Pope Benedict XIII, Pope Benedict XIV, Pope Boniface IX, Pope Clement VI, Pope Clement VII, Pope Clement VIII, Pope Clement X, Pope Clement XII, Pope Eugene IV, Pope Gregory IX, Pope Gregory XI, Pope Gregory XIII, Pope Gregory XIV, Pope Gregory XV, Pope Gregory XVI, Pope Honorius II, Pope Innocent III, Pope Innocent VII, Pope Innocent X, Pope Innocent XI, Pope Innocent XII, Pope John XIX, Pope Julius II, Pope Leo X, Pope Leo XI, Pope Leo XII, Pope Leo XIII, Pope Marcellus II, Pope Nicholas II, Pope Nicholas V, Pope Paul II, Pope Paul III, Pope Paul IV, Pope Paul V, Pope Pius III, Pope Pius IV, Pope Pius V, Pope Pius VI, Pope Pius VII, Pope Pius XII, Pope Sixtus IV, Pope Sixtus V, Pope Urban VII, Pope Urban VIII, Power broker (politics), Prime minister, Prospero Colonna (cardinal), Renaissance Papacy, Robert L. Bireley, Roberto Ubaldini, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Avignon, Roman Curia, Roman Question, Romanum decet pontificem, Romoaldo Braschi-Onesti, Rubber stamp (politics), Salute, Samuel Pepys, Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli, Scipione Borghese, Secretariat of State (Holy See), Siena, Sinecure, Sirmio, Status quo, Stipend, Temporal power (papal), Theatines, Thomas Adolphus Trollope, Venality, Visual impairment, Will and testament, 1917 Code of Canon Law. Expand index (133 more) »
Abbey
An abbey is a complex of buildings used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess.
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Alessandro Farnese (cardinal)
Alessandro Farnese (5 October 1520 – 2 March 1589), an Italian cardinal and diplomat and a great collector and patron of the arts, was the grandson of Pope Paul III (who also bore the name Alessandro Farnese), and the son of Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, who was murdered in 1547.
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Alessandro Peretti di Montalto
Alessandro Damasceni Peretti di Montalto (1571 – 2 June 1623) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal Bishop.
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Alphonsus Ciacconius
Don Alphonsus Ciacconius (born shortly before 15 December 1530, Baeza - died 14 February 1599, Rome) was a Spanish Dominican scholar in Rome.
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Alter ego
An alter ego (Latin, "the other I") is a second self, which is believed to be distinct from a person's normal or true original personality.
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Anselm of Lucca
Saint Anselm of Lucca (Anselmus; Anselmo; 1036 – March 18, 1086), born Anselm of Baggio (Anselmo da Baggio), was a medieval bishop of Lucca in Italy and a prominent figure in the Investiture Controversy amid the fighting in central Italy between Matilda, countess of Tuscany, and Emperor Henry IV.
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Antipope John XXIII
Baldassarre Cossa (c. 1370 – 22 December 1419) was Pisan antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) during the Western Schism.
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Antonmaria Sauli
Antonio Maria Sauli (sometimes Antonio Sauli) (1541–1623) was the Archbishop of Genoa and later a Roman Catholic Cardinal, serving as the dean of the College of Cardinals for the last three years of his life.
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Apostolic Dataria
The Apostolic Datary (Latin: Dataria Apostolica) was one of the five Ufficii di Curia ("Offices of the Curia") in the Roman Curia of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Apostolic Signatura
The Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura is the highest judicial authority in the Catholic Church (apart from the Pope himself, who as supreme ecclesiastical judge is the final point of appeal for any ecclesiastical judgment).
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Archive
An archive is an accumulation of historical records or the physical place they are located.
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Assyrian Church of the East
The Assyrian Church of the East (ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܖ̈ܝܐ ʻĒdtā d-Madenḥā d-Ātorāyē), officially the Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East (ʻEdtā Qaddīštā wa-Šlīḥāitā Qātolīqī d-Madenḥā d-Ātorāyē), is an Eastern Christian Church that follows the traditional christology and ecclesiology of the historical Church of the East.
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Avignon Papacy
The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon (then in the Kingdom of Arles, part of the Holy Roman Empire, now in France) rather than in Rome.
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Barberini family
The Barberini were a family of the Italian nobility that rose to prominence in 17th century Rome.
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Baroque
The Baroque is a highly ornate and often extravagant style of architecture, art and music that flourished in Europe from the early 17th until the late 18th century.
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Benefice
A benefice or living is a reward received in exchange for services rendered and as a retainer for future services.
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Bologna
Bologna (Bulåggna; Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Northern Italy.
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Camillo Astalli
Camillo Astalli (21 October 1616 – 21 December 1663) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and Cardinal-Nephew of Pope Innocent X who served Cardinal Priest of San Pietro in Montorio (1653–1662), Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals (1661–1662), and Archbishop (personal title) of Catania (1661–1663). Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
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Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili
Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili (21 February 1622 – 26 July 1666) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and later nobleman of the Pamphili family.
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Captain General of the Church
The Captain General of the Church (Capitano generale della Chiesa) was the de facto commander-in-chief of the papal armed forces during the Middle Ages.
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Cardinal (Catholic Church)
A cardinal (Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, considered a Prince of the Church, and usually an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Cardinal Secretary of State
The Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope, commonly known as the Cardinal Secretary of State, presides over the Holy See Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia.
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Carlo Carafa
Carlo Carafa (29 March 1517 - 6 March 1561) of a distinguished family of Naples, vicious and talented was successively condottiero in the service of France and of Spain, vying for their protectorates in Italy until 1555, when he was made a cardinal, to 1559 the all-powerful favourite and Cardinal Nephew of Pope Paul IV Carafa, whose policies he directed and whom he served as papal legate in Paris, Venice and Brussels.
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Castel Sant'Angelo
The Mausoleum of Hadrian, usually known as Castel Sant'Angelo (English: Castle of the Holy Angel), is a towering cylindrical building in Parco Adriano, Rome, Italy.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Catholic Encyclopedia
The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia and the Original Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in the United States and designed to serve the Roman Catholic Church.
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Cesena
Cesena (Cisêna) is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy, south of Ravenna and west of Rimini, on the Savio River, co-chief of the Province of Forlì-Cesena.
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Chancellor (education)
A chancellor is a leader of a college or university, usually either the executive or ceremonial head of the university or of a university campus within a university system.
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Charles Borromeo
Charles Borromeo (Carlo Borromeo, Carolus Borromeus, 2 October 1538 – 3 November 1584) was Roman Catholic archbishop of Milan from 1564 to 1584 and a cardinal.
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Chigi Family
The Chigi family is a Roman princely family of Sienese extraction descended from the counts of Ardenghesca, which possessed castles in the Maremma, southern Tuscany.
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Clerical celibacy (Catholic Church)
Clerical celibacy is the discipline within the Catholic Church by which only unmarried men are ordained to the episcopate, to the priesthood (as a rule to which exceptions are sometimes made for individuals) in some autonomous particular Churches, and similarly to the diaconate, though in this last case exceptions exist not only for single individuals but for whole categories of people.
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College of Cardinals
The College of Cardinals, formerly styled the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church.
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Comtat Venaissin
The Comtat Venaissin (Provençal: lou Coumtat Venessin, Mistralian norm: la Coumtat, classical norm: lo Comtat Venaicin; "County of Venaissin"), often called the Comtat for short, was a part of the Papal States in what is now the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France.
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Conclave capitulation
A conclave capitulation was a compact or unilateral contract drawn up by the College of Cardinals during a papal conclave to constrain the actions of the pope elected by the conclave.
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Council of Florence
The Seventeenth Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church was convoked as the Council of Basel by Pope Martin V shortly before his death in February 1431 and took place in the context of the Hussite wars in Bohemia and the rise of the Ottoman Empire.
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Council of Trent
The Council of Trent (Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento, in northern Italy), was an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.
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Crown-cardinal
A crown-cardinal (cardinale della corona) was a cardinal protector of a Roman Catholic nation, nominated or funded by a Catholic monarch to serve as their representative within the College of Cardinals and, on occasion, to exercise the right claimed by some monarchs to veto a candidate for election to the papacy.
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Eamon Duffy
Eamon Duffy (born 9 February 1947) is an Irish historian and academic.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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Ercole Consalvi
Ercole Consalvi (8 June 1757 – 24 January 1824) was a deacon and cardinal of the Catholic Church, who served twice as Cardinal Secretary of State for the Papal States and who played a crucial role in the post-Napoleonic reassertion of the legitimist principle of the divine right of kings, of which he was a constant supporter.
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Excommunication
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular receiving of the sacraments.
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Favourite
A favourite or favorite (American English) was the intimate companion of a ruler or other important person.
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Fifth Council of the Lateran
The Fifth Council of the Lateran (1512–1517) is the Eighteenth Ecumenical Council to be recognized by the Roman Catholic Church and the last one before the Protestant Reformation.
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Financial endowment
A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization.
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Francesco Maidalchini
Francesco Maidalchini (21 April 1631 – 13 June 1700) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Francisco de Borja
Francisco de Borja y Navarro de Alpicat (1441 – November 4, 1511) was a Spanish cardinal, and the seventh of ten cardinal-nephews created by Pope Alexander VI.
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Gabriele della Genga Sermattei
Gabriele della Genga Sermattei (4 December 1801 – 10 February 1861) was a Catholic Cardinal and Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals.
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Genealogy
Genealogy (from γενεαλογία from γενεά, "generation" and λόγος, "knowledge"), also known as family history, is the study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history.
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Giuseppe Pecci
Giuseppe Pecci (13 December 1807 – 8 February 1890) was a Jesuit Thomist theologian whose younger brother, Vincenzo, became Pope Leo XIII and appointed him a cardinal.
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Gregorio Leti
Gregorio Leti (1630–1701) was an Italian historian and satirist from Milan, who sometimes published under the pseudonym Abbe Gualdi, L'abbé Gualdi, or Gualdus known for his works about the Catholic Church, especially the papacy.
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Guarinus of Palestrina
Saint Guarino Foscari (c. 1080 - 6 February 1158) was an Italian Roman Catholic Augustinian canon regular and also the Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina from December 1144 after his relative Pope Lucius II elevated him into the cardinalate.
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Heredity
Heredity is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
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History of the papacy
The history of the papacy, the office held by the pope as head of the Roman Catholic Church, according to Catholic doctrine, spans from the time of Peter to the present day.
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Holy See
The Holy See (Santa Sede; Sancta Sedes), also called the See of Rome, is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity.
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House of Borghese
Borghese is the surname of a princely family of Italian noble and papal background, originating as the Borghese or Borghesi in Siena, where they came to prominence in the 13th century holding offices under the commune.
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House of Farnese
The Farnese family was an influential family in Renaissance Italy.
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Hugh Walpole
Sir Hugh Seymour Walpole, CBE (13 March 18841 June 1941) was an English novelist.
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In nomine Domini
In nomine Domini (In the name of the Lord) is a papal bull written by Pope Nicholas II and a canon of the Council of Rome.
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Index Librorum Prohibitorum
The Index Librorum Prohibitorum (List of Prohibited Books) was a list of publications deemed heretical, or contrary to morality by the Sacred Congregation of the Index (a former Dicastery of the Roman Curia) and thus Catholics were forbidden to read them.
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Italian scudo
The scudo (pl. scudi) was the name for a number of coins used in Italy until the 19th century.
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James Craigie Robertson
James Craigie Robertson (1813 – 9 July 1882) was a Scottish Anglican churchman, canon of Canterbury Cathedral, and author of a History of the Christian Church.
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John Bargrave
John Bargrave (1610 – 11 May, 1680), was an English author and collector and a canon of Canterbury Cathedral.
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Lateran Treaty
The Lateran Treaty (Patti Lateranensi; Pacta Lateranensia) was one of the Lateran Pacts of 1929 or Lateran Accords, agreements made in 1929 between the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy See, settling the "Roman Question".
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Lay cardinal
In the Roman Catholic Church, a "lay cardinal" was a cardinal who had never been given major orders, i.e. who had never been ordained a deacon, priest, or bishop.
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List of cardinal-nephews
A cardinal-nephew is a cardinal elevated by a pope who was his uncle, or more generally, his relative.
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List of Patriarchs of the Church of the East
The Patriarch of the Church of the East (Patriarch of Babylon or Patriarch of the East) is the patriarch, or leader and head bishop (sometimes referred to as Catholicos or universal leader) of the Chaldean Church. The position dates to the early centuries of Christianity within the Sassanid Empire, and the church has been known by a variety of names, including the Church of the East, Nestorian Church, the Persian Church, the Sassanid Church, or East Syrian. In the 16th and 17th century the Church, by now restricted to Mosul region experienced a series of splits, resulting in a series of competing patriarchs and lineages. Today, the three principal churches that emerged from these splits, the Assyrian Church of the East, Ancient Church of the East and the Chaldean Catholic Church, each have their own patriarch, the Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East, the Patriarch of the Ancient Church of the East and the Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans, respectively.
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List of people executed in the Papal States
This is a list of people executed in the Papal States under the government of the Popes or during the 1810–1819 decade of French rule.
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Livio Odescalchi
Livio Odescalchi (March 10, 1652 - September 8, 1713), Duke of Bracciano, Ceri and Syrmia, was an Italian nobleman of the Odescalchi family.
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Ludovico Ludovisi
Ludovico Ludovisi (22 or 27 October 1595 – 18 November 1632) was an Italian cardinal and statesman of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Ludwig von Pastor
Ludwig Pastor, later Ludwig von Pastor, Freiherr von Campersfelden (31 January 1854 – 30 September 1928), was a German historian and a diplomat for Austria.
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Madeleine Laurain-Portemer
Madeleine Laurain-Portemer (7 June 1917 – 15 August 1996) was a 20th-century French historian, specializing in the history of Mazarin and his time, married to Jean Portemer (1911-1998).
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Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the United States.
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Michele Bonelli
Carlo Michele Bonelli, Cardinal Alessandrino (25 November 1541– 28 March 1598) was an Italian senior papal diplomat with a distinguished career that spanned two decades from 1571.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Motu proprio
In law, motu proprio (Latin for: "on his own impulse") describes an official act taken without a formal request from another party.
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Nation state
A nation state (or nation-state), in the most specific sense, is a country where a distinct cultural or ethnic group (a "nation" or "people") inhabits a territory and have formed a state (often a sovereign state) that they predominantly govern.
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Nepotism
Nepotism is based on favour granted to relatives in various fields, including business, politics, entertainment, sports, religion and other activities.
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Neri Maria Corsini
Neri Maria Corsini (19 May 1685 – 6 December 1770) was an Italian nobleman and Catholic priest and cardinal.
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Niccolò Coscia
Niccolò Coscia (1681 – 8 February 1755) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal.
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Olimpia Maidalchini
Olimpia Maidalchini Pamphilj (26 May 1591 – 27 September 1657), (also spelled Pamphili and known as Olimpia Pamphili), was the sister-in-law of Pope Innocent X (Pamphili).
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Owen Chadwick
William Owen Chadwick (20 May 1916 – 17 July 2015) was a British Anglican priest, academic, writer and prominent historian of Christianity.
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Oxford English Dictionary
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the main historical dictionary of the English language, published by the Oxford University Press.
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Paolo Emilio Sfondrati
Paolo Emilio Sfondrati (1560 – 14 February 1618) was an Italian Cardinal.
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Papabile
Papabile (pl. papabili) is an unofficial Italian term first coined by Vaticanologists and now used internationally in many languages to describe a Roman Catholic man, in practice always a cardinal, who is thought a likely or possible candidate to be elected pope.
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Papal brief
A Papal brief is a formal document emanating from the Pope, in a somewhat simpler and more modern form than a Papal bull.
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Papal bull
A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by a pope of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Papal conclave
A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a Bishop of Rome, also known as the Pope.
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Papal conclave, 1464
The papal conclave of 1464 (August 28–30) convened after the death of Pope Pius II, elected as his successor cardinal Pietro Barbo, who took the name Paul II.
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Papal conclave, 1621
The papal conclave of 1621 (February 8 – February 9) was convened on the death of Pope Paul V and ended with the election of Alessandro Ludovisi as Pope Gregory XV.
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Papal conclave, 1799–1800
The papal conclave of 1799–1800 followed the death of Pope Pius VI on 29 August 1799 and led to the selection as pope of Giorgio Barnaba Luigi Chiaramonti, who took the name Pius VII, on 14 March 1800.
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Papal conclave, May 1605
The papal conclave of May 1605 was convened on the death of Pope Leo XI and ended with the election of Camillo Borghese as Pope Paul V. This was the second conclave of 1605, with the one that had elected Leo XI having concluded just 37 days earlier.
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Papal diplomacy
Nuncio (officially known as an Apostolic nuncio and also known as a papal nuncio) is the title for an ecclesiastical diplomat, being an envoy or permanent diplomatic representative of the Holy See to a state or international organization.
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Papal infallibility
Papal infallibility is a dogma of the Catholic Church that states that, in virtue of the promise of Jesus to Peter, the Pope is preserved from the possibility of error "when, in the exercise of his office as shepherd and teacher of all Christians, in virtue of his supreme apostolic authority, he defines a doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the whole Church." This doctrine was defined dogmatically at the First Ecumenical Council of the Vatican of 1869–1870 in the document Pastor aeternus, but had been defended before that, existing already in medieval theology and being the majority opinion at the time of the Counter-Reformation.
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Papal legate
A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the pope's legate. A papal legate or Apostolic legate (from the Ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church.
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Papal States
The Papal States, officially the State of the Church (Stato della Chiesa,; Status Ecclesiasticus; also Dicio Pontificia), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope, from the 8th century until 1870.
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Pietas
Pietas, translated variously as "duty", "religiosity" or "religious behavior", "loyalty", "devotion", or "filial piety" (English "piety" derives from the Latin), was one of the chief virtues among the ancient Romans.
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Pietro Aldobrandini
Pietro Aldobrandini (31 March 1571 – 10 February 1621) was an Italian cardinal and patron of the arts.
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Pietro Ottoboni (cardinal)
Pietro Ottoboni (2 July 1667 – 29 February 1740) was an Italian cardinal and grandnephew of Pope Alexander VIII (who was also born Pietro Ottoboni).
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Pope
The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.
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Pope Adrian V
Pope Adrian V (Adrianus V; c. 1210/122018 August 1276), born Ottobuono de' Fieschi, was Pope from 11 July to his death on 18 August 1276.
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Pope Adrian VI
Pope Adrian VI (Hadrianus VI), born Adriaan Florensz Boeyens (2 March 1459 – 14 September 1523), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 January 1522 until his death on 14 September 1523.
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Pope Alexander II
Pope Alexander II (1010/1015 – 21 April 1073), born Anselm of Baggio (Anselmo da Baggio), was Pope from 30 September 1061 to his death in 1073.
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Pope Alexander IV
Pope Alexander IV (1199 or ca. 1185 – 25 May 1261) was Pope from 12 December 1254 to his death in 1261.
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Pope Alexander VI
Pope Alexander VI, born Rodrigo de Borja (de Borja, Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja; 1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), was Pope from 11 August 1492 until his death.
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Pope Alexander VII
Pope Alexander VII (13 February 159922 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was Pope from 7 April 1655 to his death in 1667.
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Pope Alexander VIII
Pope Alexander VIII (22 April 1610 – 1 February 1691), born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was Pope from 6 October 1689 to his death in 1691.
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Pope Anastasius IV
Pope Anastasius IV (c. 1073 – 3 December 1154), born Corrado Demetri della Suburra, was Pope from 8 July 1153 to his death in 1154.
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Pope Benedict IX
Pope Benedict IX (Benedictus IX; c. 1012 – c. 1056), born Theophylactus of Tusculum in Rome, was Pope on three occasions between October 1032 and July 1048.
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Pope Benedict VIII
Pope Benedict VIII (Benedictus VIII; ca. 980 – 9 April 1024) reigned from 18 May 1012 to his death in 1024.
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Pope Benedict XII
Pope Benedict XII (Benedictus XII; 1285 – 25 April 1342), born Jacques Fornier, was Pope from 30 December 1334 to his death in April 1342.
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Pope Benedict XIII
Pope Benedict XIII (Benedictus XIII; 2 February 1649 – 21 February 1730), born Pietro Francesco Orsini and later called Vincenzo Maria Orsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 May 1724 to his death in 1730.
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Pope Benedict XIV
Pope Benedict XIV (Benedictus XIV; 31 March 1675 – 3 May 1758), born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, served as the Pope of the Catholic Church from 17 August 1740 to his death in 1758.
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Pope Boniface IX
Pope Boniface IX (Bonifatius IX; c. 1350 – 1 October 1404, born Pietro Tomacelli Cybo) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 November 1389 to his death in 1404.
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Pope Clement VI
Clement VI (Clemens VI; 1291 – 6 December 1352), born Pierre Roger, was Pope from 7 May 1342 to his death in 1352.
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Pope Clement VII
Pope Clement VII (26 May 1478 – 25 September 1534), born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 November 1523 to his death on 25 September 1534.
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Pope Clement VIII
Pope Clement VIII (Clemens VIII; 24 February 1536 – 5 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was Pope from 2 February 1592 to his death in 1605.
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Pope Clement X
Pope Clement X (Clemens X; 13 July 1590 – 22 July 1676), born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, was Pope from 29 April 1670 to his death in 1676.
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Pope Clement XII
Pope Clement XII (Clemens XII; 7 April 1652 – 6 February 1740), born Lorenzo Corsini, was Pope from 12 July 1730 to his death in 1740.
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Pope Eugene IV
Pope Eugene IV (Eugenius IV; 1383 – 23 February 1447), born Gabriele Condulmer, was Pope from 3 March 1431 to his death in 1447.
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Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX Gregorius IX (born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241), was Pope from 19 March 1227 to his death in 1241.
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Pope Gregory XI
Pope Gregory XI (Gregorius; c. 1329 – 27 March 1378) was Pope from 30 December 1370 to his death in 1378.
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Pope Gregory XIII
Pope Gregory XIII (Gregorius XIII; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585.
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Pope Gregory XIV
Pope Gregory XIV (Gregorius XIV; 11 February 1535 – 16 October 1591), born Niccolò Sfondrato or Sfondrati, was Pope from 5 December 1590 to his death in 1591.
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Pope Gregory XV
Pope Gregory XV (Gregorius XV; 9 January 15548 July 1623), born Alessandro Ludovisi, was Pope from 9 February 1621 to his death in 1623.
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Pope Gregory XVI
Pope Gregory XVI (Gregorius; 18 September 1765 – 1 June 1846), born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari EC, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1831 to his death in 1846.
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Pope Honorius II
Pope Honorius II (9 February 1060 – 13 February 1130), born Lamberto Scannabecchi,Levillain, pg.
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Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III (Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni) reigned from 8 January 1198 to his death in 1216.
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Pope Innocent VII
Pope Innocent VII (Innocentius VII; 1339 – 6 November 1406), born Cosimo de' Migliorati, was Pope from 17 October 1404 to his death in 1406.
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Pope Innocent X
Pope Innocent X (Innocentius X; 6 May 1574 – 7 January 1655), born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj (or Pamphili), was Pope from 15 September 1644 to his death in 1655.
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Pope Innocent XI
Pope Innocent XI (Innocentius XI; 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689), born Benedetto Odescalchi, ruled from 21 September 1676 to his death.
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Pope Innocent XII
Pope Innocent XII (Innocentius XII; 13 March 1615 – 27 September 1700), born Antonio Pignatelli, was Pope from 12 July 1691 to his death in 1700.
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Pope John XIX
Pope John XIX (Ioannes XIX; died October 1032) was Pope from May 1024 to his death in 1032.
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Pope Julius II
Pope Julius II (Papa Giulio II; Iulius II) (5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513), born Giuliano della Rovere, and nicknamed "The Fearsome Pope" and "The Warrior Pope".
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Pope Leo X
Pope Leo X (11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521), born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, was Pope from 9 March 1513 to his death in 1521.
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Pope Leo XI
Pope Leo XI (2 June 1535 – 27 April 1605), born Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, was Pope from 1 to 27 April 1605.
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Pope Leo XII
Pope Leo XII (22 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death in 1829.
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Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII (Leone; born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci; 2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903) was head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 to his death.
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Pope Marcellus II
Pope Marcellus II (6 May 1501 – 1 May 1555), born Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 April 1555 until his death 22 days later on 1 May 1555.
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Pope Nicholas II
Pope Nicholas II (Nicholaus II; c. 990/995 – 27 July 1061), born Gérard de Bourgogne, was Pope from 24 January 1059 until his death.
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Pope Nicholas V
Pope Nicholas V (Nicholaus V) (13 November 1397 – 24 March 1455), born Tommaso Parentucelli, was Pope from 6 March 1447 until his death.
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Pope Paul II
Pope Paul II (Paulus II; 23 February 1417 – 26 July 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 30 August 1464 to his death in 1471.
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Pope Paul III
Pope Paul III (Paulus III; 29 February 1468 – 10 November 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope from 13 October 1534 to his death in 1549.
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Pope Paul IV
Pope Paul IV, C.R. (Paulus IV; 28 June 1476 – 18 August 1559), born Gian Pietro Carafa, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 May 1555 to his death in 1559.
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Pope Paul V
Pope Paul V (Paulus V; Paolo V) (17 September 1550 – 28 January 1621), born Camillo Borghese, was Pope from 16 May 1605 to his death in 1621.
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Pope Pius III
Pope Pius III (29 May 1439 – 18 October 1503), born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 September 1503 to his death.
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Pope Pius IV
Pope Pius IV (31 March 1499 – 9 December 1565), born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 25 December 1559 to his death in 1565.
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Pope Pius V
Pope Saint Pius V (17 January 1504 – 1 May 1572), born Antonio Ghislieri (from 1518 called Michele Ghislieri, O.P.), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1566 to his death in 1572.
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Pope Pius VI
Pope Pius VI (25 December 1717 – 29 August 1799), born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in 1799.
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Pope Pius VII
Pope Pius VII (14 August 1742 – 20 August 1823), born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 March 1800 to his death in 1823.
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Pope Pius XII
Pope Pius XII (Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (2 March 18769 October 1958), was the Pope of the Catholic Church from 2 March 1939 to his death.
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Pope Sixtus IV
Pope Sixtus IV (21 July 1414 – 12 August 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 9 August 1471 to his death in 1484.
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Pope Sixtus V
Pope Sixtus V or Xystus V (13 December 1521 – 27 August 1590), born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 24 April 1585 to his death in 1590.
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Pope Urban VII
Pope Urban VII (Urbanus VII; 4 August 1521 – 27 September 1590), born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was Pope from 15 to 27 September 1590.
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Pope Urban VIII
Pope Urban VIII (Urbanus VIII; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644) reigned as Pope from 6 August 1623 to his death in 1644.
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Power broker (politics)
A power broker is a person who influences people to vote towards a particular client (i.e. elected official or referendum) in exchange for political and financial benefits.
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Prime minister
A prime minister is the head of a cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system.
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Prospero Colonna (cardinal)
Prospero Colonna (c. 1410–1463) was a cardinal-nephew of Pope Martin V (Odo Colonna), whose election ended the Western Schism.
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Renaissance Papacy
The Renaissance Papacy was a period of papal history between the Western Schism and the Protestant Reformation.
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Robert L. Bireley
Robert L. Bireley (July 26, 1933 – March 14, 2018) was an American Jesuit historian of Counter-Reformation Central Europe.
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Roberto Ubaldini
Roberto Ubaldini (1581 – 22 April 1635) was a bishop and cardinal of the Catholic Church.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Avignon
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Avignon (Latin: Archidioecesis Avenionensis; French: Archidiocèse d'Avignon) is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France.
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Roman Curia
The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central body through which the Roman Pontiff conducts the affairs of the universal Catholic Church.
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Roman Question
The Roman Question (Questione romana; Quaestio Romana) was a dispute regarding the temporal power of the popes as rulers of a civil territory in the context of the Italian Risorgimento.
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Romanum decet pontificem
Romanum decet Pontificem (named for its Latin incipit: "it befits the Roman Pontiff") is a papal bull issued by Pope Innocent XII (1691—1700) on June 22, 1692, banning the office of cardinal-nephew, limiting his successors to elevating only one cardinal relative, eliminating various sinecures traditionally reserved for cardinal-nephews and capping the stipend or endowment the nephew of a pope could receive to 12,000 scudi.
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Romoaldo Braschi-Onesti
Romoaldo Braschi-Onesti (Cesena, 19 July 1753 – Rome, 30 April 1817) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Rubber stamp (politics)
A rubber stamp, as a political metaphor, refers to a person or institution with considerable de jure power but little de facto power; one that rarely or never disagrees with more powerful organs.
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Salute
A salute is a gesture or other action used to display respect.
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Samuel Pepys
Samuel Pepys (23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703) was an administrator of the navy of England and Member of Parliament who is most famous for the diary he kept for a decade while still a relatively young man.
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Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli
The Spanish National Church of Santiago and Montserrat, known as Church of Holy Mary in Monserrat of the Spaniards (Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli, Santa María de Montserrat de los Españoles, S.) is a Roman Catholic titulus church and National Church in Rome of Spain, dedicated to the Virgin of Montserrat.
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Scipione Borghese
Scipione Borghese or; (1 September 1577 – 2 October 1633) was an Italian Cardinal, art collector and patron of the arts.
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Secretariat of State (Holy See)
The Secretariat of State is the oldest dicastery in the Roman Curia, the central papal governing bureaucracy of the Catholic Church.
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Siena
Siena (in English sometimes spelled Sienna; Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy.
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Sinecure
A sinecure (from Latin sine.
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Sirmio
Sirmio is a promontory at the southern end of Lake Garda, projecting 3.3 kilometers (2.1 mi) into the lake.
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Status quo
Status quo is a Latin phrase meaning the existing state of affairs, particularly with regard to social or political issues.
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Stipend
A stipend is a form of salary, such as for an internship or apprenticeship.
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Temporal power (papal)
The temporal power of the popes is the political and secular governmental activity of the popes of the Roman Catholic Church, as distinguished from their spiritual and pastoral activity.
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Theatines
The Theatines or the Congregation of Clerics Regular of the Divine Providence are a religious order of the Catholic Church, with the post-nominal initials "C.R.".
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Thomas Adolphus Trollope
Thomas Adolphus Trollope (1810 – 1892) was an English writer of over sixty books.
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Venality
Venality is a vice associated with being bribeable, cruel, selfish, or of selling one's services or power, especially when people are intended to act in a decent way instead.
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Visual impairment
Visual impairment, also known as vision impairment or vision loss, is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses.
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Will and testament
A will or testament is a legal document by which a person, the testator, expresses their wishes as to how their property is to be distributed at death, and names one or more persons, the executor, to manage the estate until its final distribution.
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1917 Code of Canon Law
The 1917 Code of Canon Law, also referred to as the Pio-Benedictine Code,Dr.
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Redirects here:
Cardinal Nephew, Cardinal boss, Cardinal nephew, Cardinal nipote, Cardinal-Nephew, Cardinal-cousin, Cardinal-nephews, Cardinal-son, Cardinale nipote, Cardinale padrone, Cardinalis nepos, Il cardinale padrone, Le prince de la fortune, Nipote, Papal nephew, Secretarius, Secretarius Papae et superintendens status ecclesiasticae, Secretarius Papae et superintendens status ecclesiasticæ, Secretarius maior, Sopraintendent dello Stato Ecclesiastico, Sopraintendente, Valido de su tio, Valido de su tío.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal-nephew
