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Keynesian economics

Index Keynesian economics

Keynesian economics (sometimes Keynesianism, named after British economist John Maynard Keynes) are the various macroeconomic theories and models of how aggregate demand (total spending in the economy) strongly influences economic output and inflation. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 201 relations: A Tract on Monetary Reform, A Treatise on Money, Abba P. Lerner, Accelerator effect, Adam Smith, Aggregate demand, Aggregate supply, Alan Blinder, Alex Tabarrok, Alfred de Lissa, Alfred Marshall, Alvin Hansen, Arthur Cecil Pigou, Australian Labor Party, Austrian school of economics, Birmingham school (economics), Bretton Woods Conference, Bretton Woods system, British Malaya, Business cycle, C. J. Coventry, Cambridge Circus (economics), Capital market, Central bank, Classical economics, Comparative advantage, Complementary good, Consumerism, Consumption (economics), Crisis theory, Crowding out (economics), David Colander, David Lloyd George, David Ricardo, Deficit spending, Deflation, Demand curve, Dennis Robertson (economist), Deus ex machina, Developed country, Discretionary policy, Donald Markwell, Early 1980s recession in the United States, Economic depression, Economic model, Economics, Economy, Federation University Australia, Fiscal multiplier, Fiscal policy, ... Expand index (151 more) »

  2. Eponymous economic ideologies
  3. John Maynard Keynes
  4. Social liberalism

A Tract on Monetary Reform

A Tract on Monetary Reform is a book by John Maynard Keynes, published in 1923.

See Keynesian economics and A Tract on Monetary Reform

A Treatise on Money

A Treatise on Money is a two-volume book by English economist John Maynard Keynes published in 1930.

See Keynesian economics and A Treatise on Money

Abba P. Lerner

Abraham "Abba" Ptachya Lerner (also Abba Psachia Lerner; 28 October 1903 – 27 October 1982) was a Russian-born American-British economist.

See Keynesian economics and Abba P. Lerner

Accelerator effect

The accelerator effect in economics is a positive effect on private fixed investment of the growth of the market economy (measured e.g. by a change in gross domestic product).

See Keynesian economics and Accelerator effect

Adam Smith

Adam Smith (baptised 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment.

See Keynesian economics and Adam Smith

Aggregate demand

In economics, aggregate demand (AD) or domestic final demand (DFD) is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a given time.

See Keynesian economics and Aggregate demand

Aggregate supply

In economics, aggregate supply (AS) or domestic final supply (DFS) is the total supply of goods and services that firms in a national economy plan on selling during a specific time period.

See Keynesian economics and Aggregate supply

Alan Blinder

Alan Stuart Blinder (born October 14, 1945) is an American economics professor at Princeton University and is listed among the most influential economists in the world.

See Keynesian economics and Alan Blinder

Alex Tabarrok

Alexander Taghi Tabarrok (born November 11, 1966) is a Canadian-American economist.

See Keynesian economics and Alex Tabarrok

Alfred de Lissa

Alfred de Lissa (1838 – 25 February 1913) was an English-born Australian solicitor and legal scholar.

See Keynesian economics and Alfred de Lissa

Alfred Marshall

Alfred Marshall (26 July 1842 – 13 July 1924) was an English economist, and was one of the most influential economists of his time.

See Keynesian economics and Alfred Marshall

Alvin Hansen

Alvin Harvey Hansen (August 23, 1887 – June 6, 1975) was an American economist who taught at the University of Minnesota and was later a chair professor of economics at Harvard University.

See Keynesian economics and Alvin Hansen

Arthur Cecil Pigou

Arthur Cecil Pigou (18 November 1877 – 7 March 1959) was an English economist.

See Keynesian economics and Arthur Cecil Pigou

Australian Labor Party

The Australian Labor Party (ALP), also known simply as Labor or the Labor Party, is the major centre-left political party in Australia and one of two major parties in Australian politics, along with the centre-right Liberal Party of Australia.

See Keynesian economics and Australian Labor Party

Austrian school of economics

The Austrian school is a heterodox school of economic thought that advocates strict adherence to methodological individualism, the concept that social phenomena result primarily from the motivations and actions of individuals along with their self interest.

See Keynesian economics and Austrian school of economics

Birmingham school (economics)

The Birmingham School was a school of economic thought that emerged in Birmingham, England during the post-Napoleonic depression that affected England following the end of the Napoleonic wars in 1815.

See Keynesian economics and Birmingham school (economics)

Bretton Woods Conference

The Bretton Woods Conference, formally known as the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, was the gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II.

See Keynesian economics and Bretton Woods Conference

Bretton Woods system

The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial relations among the United States, Canada, Western European countries, and Australia and other countries, a total of 44 countries after the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement.

See Keynesian economics and Bretton Woods system

British Malaya

The term "British Malaya" (Tanah Melayu British) loosely describes a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Singapore that were brought under British hegemony or control between the late 18th and the mid-20th century.

See Keynesian economics and British Malaya

Business cycle

Business cycles are intervals of general expansion followed by recession in economic performance.

See Keynesian economics and Business cycle

C. J. Coventry

Cameron James Coventry (born 25 February 1991) is a historian and postdoctoral research associate at Federation University Australia.

See Keynesian economics and C. J. Coventry

Cambridge Circus (economics)

The Cambridge Circus or Keynes's Circus was a group of young Cambridge economists closely associated with John Maynard Keynes.

See Keynesian economics and Cambridge Circus (economics)

Capital market

A capital market is a financial market in which long-term debt (over a year) or equity-backed securities are bought and sold, in contrast to a money market where short-term debt is bought and sold.

See Keynesian economics and Capital market

Central bank

A central bank, reserve bank, national bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union.

See Keynesian economics and Central bank

Classical economics

Classical economics, classical political economy, or Smithian economics is a school of thought in political economy that flourished, primarily in Britain, in the late 18th and early-to-mid-19th century.

See Keynesian economics and Classical economics

Comparative advantage

Comparative advantage in an economic model is the advantage over others in producing a particular good.

See Keynesian economics and Comparative advantage

Complementary good

In economics, a complementary good is a good whose appeal increases with the popularity of its complement.

See Keynesian economics and Complementary good

Consumerism

Consumerism is a social and economic order in which the aspirations of many individuals include the acquisition of goods and services beyond those necessary for survival or traditional displays of status.

See Keynesian economics and Consumerism

Consumption (economics)

Consumption is the act of using resources to satisfy current needs and wants.

See Keynesian economics and Consumption (economics)

Crisis theory

Crisis theory, concerning the causes and consequences of the tendency for the rate of profit to fall in a capitalist system, is associated with Marxian critique of political economy, and was further popularised through Marxist economics.

See Keynesian economics and Crisis theory

Crowding out (economics)

In economics, crowding out is a phenomenon that occurs when increased government involvement in a sector of the market economy substantially affects the remainder of the market, either on the supply or demand side of the market.

See Keynesian economics and Crowding out (economics)

David Colander

David Charles Colander (November 16, 1947 – December 4, 2023) was an American economist, and the Christian A. Johnson Distinguished Professor of Economics at Middlebury College.

See Keynesian economics and David Colander

David Lloyd George

David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1922.

See Keynesian economics and David Lloyd George

David Ricardo

David Ricardo (18 April 1772 – 11 September 1823) was a British political economist, politician, and member of the Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland.

See Keynesian economics and David Ricardo

Deficit spending

Within the budgetary process, deficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit, the opposite of budget surplus.

See Keynesian economics and Deficit spending

Deflation

In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services.

See Keynesian economics and Deflation

Demand curve

A demand curve is a graph depicting the inverse demand function, a relationship between the price of a certain commodity (the y-axis) and the quantity of that commodity that is demanded at that price (the x-axis).

See Keynesian economics and Demand curve

Dennis Robertson (economist)

Sir Dennis Holme Robertson (23 May 1890 – 21 April 1963) was an English economist who taught at Cambridge and London Universities.

See Keynesian economics and Dennis Robertson (economist)

Deus ex machina

Deus ex machina (plural: dei ex machina; English "god from the machine") is a plot device whereby a seemingly unsolvable problem in a story is suddenly or abruptly resolved by an unexpected and unlikely occurrence.

See Keynesian economics and Deus ex machina

Developed country

A developed country, or advanced country, is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.

See Keynesian economics and Developed country

Discretionary policy

In macroeconomics, discretionary policy is an economic policy based on the ad hoc judgment of policymakers as opposed to policy set by predetermined rules.

See Keynesian economics and Discretionary policy

Donald Markwell

Donald John Markwell (born 19 April 1959) is an Australian social scientist, who has been described as a "renowned Australian educational reformer".

See Keynesian economics and Donald Markwell

Early 1980s recession in the United States

The United States entered recession in January 1980 and returned to growth six months later in July 1980.

See Keynesian economics and Early 1980s recession in the United States

Economic depression

An economic depression is a period of carried long-term economic downturn that is the result of lowered economic activity in one major or more national economies.

See Keynesian economics and Economic depression

Economic model

An economic model is a theoretical construct representing economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and/or quantitative relationships between them.

See Keynesian economics and Economic model

Economics

Economics is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

See Keynesian economics and Economics

Economy

An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services.

See Keynesian economics and Economy

Federation University Australia

Federation University Australia (FedUni) is a public university based in Victoria, Australia.

See Keynesian economics and Federation University Australia

Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with the money multiplier) is the ratio of change in national income arising from a change in government spending.

See Keynesian economics and Fiscal multiplier

Fiscal policy

In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (taxes or tax cuts) and expenditure to influence a country's economy.

See Keynesian economics and Fiscal policy

Fixed investment

Fixed investment in economics is the purchasing of newly produced fixed capital.

See Keynesian economics and Fixed investment

Fleeming Jenkin

Henry Charles Fleeming Jenkin FRS FRSE LLD (25 March 1833 – 12 June 1885) was Regius Professor of Engineering at the University of Edinburgh, remarkable for his versatility.

See Keynesian economics and Fleeming Jenkin

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

See Keynesian economics and Franklin D. Roosevelt

Free trade

Free trade is a trade policy that does not restrict imports or exports.

See Keynesian economics and Free trade

Frictional unemployment

Frictional unemployment is a form of unemployment reflecting the gap between someone voluntarily leaving a job and finding another.

See Keynesian economics and Frictional unemployment

Friedrich Hayek

Friedrich August von Hayek (8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), often referred to by his initials F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian-British academic, who contributed to economics, political philosophy, psychology, and intellectual history.

See Keynesian economics and Friedrich Hayek

Full employment

Full employment is an economic situation in which there is no cyclical or deficient-demand unemployment.

See Keynesian economics and Full employment

Functional finance

Functional finance is an economic theory proposed by Abba P. Lerner, based on effective demand principles and chartalism.

See Keynesian economics and Functional finance

G. L. S. Shackle

George Lennox Sharman Shackle (14 July 1903 – 3 March 1992) was an English economist.

See Keynesian economics and G. L. S. Shackle

Game theory

Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions.

See Keynesian economics and Game theory

General glut

In macroeconomics, a general glut is an excess of supply in relation to demand, specifically, when there is more production in all fields of production in comparison with what resources are available to consume (purchase) said production.

See Keynesian economics and General glut

Geoffrey Crowther, Baron Crowther

Geoffrey Crowther, Baron Crowther (13 May 1907 – 5 February 1972) was a British economist, journalist, educationalist and businessman.

See Keynesian economics and Geoffrey Crowther, Baron Crowther

Goods

In economics, goods are items that satisfy human wantsQuotation from Murray Milgate, 2008, "Goods and Commodities".

See Keynesian economics and Goods

Great Depression

The Great Depression (19291939) was a severe global economic downturn that affected many countries across the world.

See Keynesian economics and Great Depression

Great Moderation

The Great Moderation is a period in the United States of America starting from the mid-1980s until at least 2007 characterized by the reduction in the volatility of business cycle fluctuations in developed nations compared with the decades before.

See Keynesian economics and Great Moderation

Henry Farrell (political scientist)

Henry Farrell is an Irish-born political scientist at Johns Hopkins University.

See Keynesian economics and Henry Farrell (political scientist)

Henry Hazlitt

Henry Stuart Hazlitt (November 28, 1894 – July 9, 1993) was an American journalist who wrote about business and economics for such publications as The Wall Street Journal, The Nation, The American Mercury, Newsweek, and The New York Times.

See Keynesian economics and Henry Hazlitt

Heterodox economics

Heterodox economics is any economic thought or theory that contrasts with orthodox schools of economic thought, or that may be beyond neoclassical economics.

See Keynesian economics and Heterodox economics

Hubert Henderson

Sir Hubert Douglas Henderson (20 October 1890 – 22 February 1952), was a British economist and Liberal Party politician.

See Keynesian economics and Hubert Henderson

Inflation

In economics, inflation is a general increase in the prices of goods and services in an economy.

See Keynesian economics and Inflation

Interest

In finance and economics, interest is payment from a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor of an amount above repayment of the principal sum (that is, the amount borrowed), at a particular rate.

See Keynesian economics and Interest

Interest rate

An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited, or borrowed (called the principal sum).

See Keynesian economics and Interest rate

International Clearing Union

The International Clearing Union (ICU) was one of the institutions proposed to be set up at the 1944 United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in the United States, by British economist John Maynard Keynes.

See Keynesian economics and International Clearing Union

Investment (macroeconomics)

In macroeconomics, investment "consists of the additions to the nation's capital stock of buildings, equipment, software, and inventories during a year" or, alternatively, investment spending — "spending on productive physical capital such as machinery and construction of buildings, and on changes to inventories — as part of total spending" on goods and services per year.

See Keynesian economics and Investment (macroeconomics)

Invisible hand

The invisible hand is a metaphor inspired by the Scottish moral philosopher Adam Smith that describes the incentives which free markets sometimes create for self-interested people to act unintentionally in the public interest.

See Keynesian economics and Invisible hand

Involuntary unemployment

Involuntary unemployment occurs when a person is unemployed despite being willing to work at the prevailing wage.

See Keynesian economics and Involuntary unemployment

IS–LM model

The IS–LM model, or Hicks–Hansen model, is a two-dimensional macroeconomic model which is used as a pedagogical tool in macroeconomic teaching.

See Keynesian economics and IS–LM model

J. Bradford DeLong

James Bradford "Brad" DeLong (born June 24, 1960) is an American economic historian who has been a professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley since 1993.

See Keynesian economics and J. Bradford DeLong

J. M. Robertson

John Mackinnon Robertson (14 November 1856 – 5 January 1933) was a prolific Scottish journalist, advocate of rationalism and secularism, and Liberal Member of Parliament for Tyneside from 1906 to 1918.

See Keynesian economics and J. M. Robertson

James M. Buchanan

James McGill Buchanan Jr. (October 3, 1919 – January 9, 2013) was an American economist known for his work on public choice theory originally outlined in his most famous work, The Calculus of Consent, co-authored with Gordon Tullock in 1962.

See Keynesian economics and James M. Buchanan

James Meade

James Edward Meade (23 June 1907 – 22 December 1995) was a British economist who made major contributions to the theory of international trade and welfare economics.

See Keynesian economics and James Meade

James Tobin

James Tobin (March 5, 1918 – March 11, 2002) was an American economist who served on the Council of Economic Advisers and consulted with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and taught at Harvard and Yale Universities.

See Keynesian economics and James Tobin

Joan Robinson

Joan Violet Robinson (née Maurice; 31 October 1903 – 5 August 1983) was a British economist known for her wide-ranging contributions to economic theory.

See Keynesian economics and Joan Robinson

Job guarantee

A job guarantee is an economic policy proposal that aims to create full employment and price stability by having the state promise to hire unemployed workers as an employer of last resort (ELR).

See Keynesian economics and Job guarantee

John Hicks

Sir John Richard Hicks (8 April 1904 – 20 May 1989) was a British economist.

See Keynesian economics and John Hicks

John Law (economist)

John Law (pronounced in French in the traditional approximation of Laws, the colloquial Scottish form of the name; 21 April 1671 – 21 March 1729) was a Scottish-French economist who distinguished money, a means of exchange, from national wealth dependent on trade.

See Keynesian economics and John Law (economist)

John Maynard Keynes

John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was an English economist and philosopher whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments.

See Keynesian economics and John Maynard Keynes

John Quiggin

John Quiggin (born 29 March 1956) is an Australian economist, a professor at the University of Queensland.

See Keynesian economics and John Quiggin

Julius Wulff

Julius Wulff (1852-1924) was a Danish conservative politician and journalist.

See Keynesian economics and Julius Wulff

Karl Marx

Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.

See Keynesian economics and Karl Marx

Keynes's theory of wages and prices

Keynes's theory of wages and prices is contained in the three chapters 19-21 comprising Book V of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.

See Keynesian economics and Keynes's theory of wages and prices

Keynesian cross

The Keynesian cross diagram is a formulation of the central ideas in Keynes' General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.

See Keynesian economics and Keynesian cross

Keynesian Revolution

The Keynesian Revolution was a fundamental reworking of economic theory concerning the factors determining employment levels in the overall economy.

See Keynesian economics and Keynesian Revolution

Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a social democratic political party in the United Kingdom that sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum.

See Keynesian economics and Labour Party (UK)

Lausanne School

The Lausanne School of economics, sometimes referred to as the Mathematical School, refers to the neoclassical economics school of thought surrounding Léon Walras and Vilfredo Pareto.

See Keynesian economics and Lausanne School

Liberal Party (UK)

The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Conservative Party, in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

See Keynesian economics and Liberal Party (UK)

Liquidity preference

In macroeconomic theory, liquidity preference is the demand for money, considered as liquidity.

See Keynesian economics and Liquidity preference

Liquidity trap

A liquidity trap is a situation, described in Keynesian economics, in which, "after the rate of interest has fallen to a certain level, liquidity preference may become virtually absolute in the sense that almost everyone prefers holding cash rather than holding a debt (financial instrument) which yields so low a rate of interest."Keynes, John Maynard (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007 edition, A liquidity trap is caused when people hold cash because they expect an adverse event such as deflation, insufficient aggregate demand, or war.

See Keynesian economics and Liquidity trap

Lucas critique

The Lucas critique argues that it is naïve to try to predict the effects of a change in economic policy entirely on the basis of relationships observed in historical data, especially highly aggregated historical data.

See Keynesian economics and Lucas critique

Ludwig von Mises

Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises (29 September 1881 – 10 October 1973) was an Austrian–American Austrian School economist, historian, logician, and sociologist.

See Keynesian economics and Ludwig von Mises

Lyndhurst Giblin

Lyndhurst Falkiner Giblin, (29 November 1872 – 1 March 1951) was an Australian statistician and economist.

See Keynesian economics and Lyndhurst Giblin

Macmillan Committee

The Macmillan Committee, officially known as the Committee on Finance and Industry, was a committee, composed mostly of economists, formed by the British Labour government after the 1929 stock market crash to determine the root causes of the depressed economy of the United Kingdom.

See Keynesian economics and Macmillan Committee

Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole.

See Keynesian economics and Macroeconomics

Mainstream economics

Mainstream economics is the body of knowledge, theories, and models of economics, as taught by universities worldwide, that are generally accepted by economists as a basis for discussion.

See Keynesian economics and Mainstream economics

Marcus Fleming

John Marcus Fleming (13 March 1911 – 3 February 1976) was a British economist.

See Keynesian economics and Marcus Fleming

Marginal efficiency of capital

The marginal efficiency of capital (MEC) is that rate of discount which would equate the price of a fixed capital asset with its present discounted value of expected income.

See Keynesian economics and Marginal efficiency of capital

Marginal product of labor

In economics, the marginal product of labor (MPL) is the change in output that results from employing an added unit of labor.

See Keynesian economics and Marginal product of labor

Marginalism

Marginalism is a theory of economics that attempts to explain the discrepancy in the value of goods and services by reference to their secondary, or marginal, utility.

See Keynesian economics and Marginalism

Market economy

A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production and distribution to the consumers are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.

See Keynesian economics and Market economy

Market intervention

A market intervention is a policy or measure that modifies or interferes with a market, typically done in the form of state action, but also by philanthropic and political-action groups.

See Keynesian economics and Market intervention

Martin Feldstein

Martin Stuart Feldstein (November 25, 1939 – June 11, 2019) was an American economist.

See Keynesian economics and Martin Feldstein

Mercantilism

Mercantilism is a nationalist economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy.

See Keynesian economics and Mercantilism

Michał Kalecki

Michał Kalecki (22 June 1899 – 18 April 1970) was a Polish Marxian economist.

See Keynesian economics and Michał Kalecki

Microeconomics

Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources and the interactions among these individuals and firms.

See Keynesian economics and Microeconomics

Microfoundations

Microfoundations are an effort to understand macroeconomic phenomena in terms of economic agents' behaviors and their interactions.

See Keynesian economics and Microfoundations

Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist and statistician who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and the complexity of stabilization policy.

See Keynesian economics and Milton Friedman

Modigliani–Miller theorem

The Modigliani–Miller theorem (of Franco Modigliani, Merton Miller) is an influential element of economic theory; it forms the basis for modern thinking on capital structure.

See Keynesian economics and Modigliani–Miller theorem

Monetarism

Monetarism is a school of thought in monetary economics that emphasizes the role of policy-makers in controlling the amount of money in circulation.

See Keynesian economics and Monetarism

Monetary policy

Monetary policy is the policy adopted by the monetary authority of a nation to affect monetary and other financial conditions to accomplish broader objectives like high employment and price stability (normally interpreted as a low and stable rate of inflation).

See Keynesian economics and Monetary policy

Money supply

In macroeconomics, money supply (or money stock) refers to the total volume of money held by the public at a particular point in time.

See Keynesian economics and Money supply

Monthly Review

The Monthly Review is an independent socialist magazine published monthly in New York City.

See Keynesian economics and Monthly Review

Mr. Keynes and the "Classics"

John Hicks's 1937 paper Mr.

See Keynesian economics and Mr. Keynes and the "Classics"

NAIRU

Non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) is a theoretical level of unemployment below which inflation would be expected to rise.

See Keynesian economics and NAIRU

Natural rate of unemployment

The natural rate of unemployment is the name that was given to a key concept in the study of economic activity.

See Keynesian economics and Natural rate of unemployment

Neoclassical economics

Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics in which the production, consumption, and valuation (pricing) of goods and services are observed as driven by the supply and demand model.

See Keynesian economics and Neoclassical economics

Neoclassical synthesis

The neoclassical synthesis (NCS), neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis,Mankiw, N. Gregory.

See Keynesian economics and Neoclassical synthesis

Neutrality of money

Neutrality of money is the idea that a change in the stock of money affects only nominal variables in the economy such as prices, wages, and exchange rates, with no effect on real variables, like employment, real GDP, and real consumption.

See Keynesian economics and Neutrality of money

New classical macroeconomics

New classical macroeconomics, sometimes simply called new classical economics, is a school of thought in macroeconomics that builds its analysis entirely on a neoclassical framework.

See Keynesian economics and New classical macroeconomics

New Keynesian economics

New Keynesian economics is a school of macroeconomics that strives to provide microeconomic foundations for Keynesian economics.

See Keynesian economics and New Keynesian economics

New neoclassical synthesis

The new neoclassical synthesis (NNS), which is occasionally referred as the New Consensus, is the fusion of the major, modern macroeconomic schools of thought – new classical macroeconomics/real business cycle theory and early New Keynesian economics – into a consensus view on the best way to explain short-run fluctuations in the economy.

See Keynesian economics and New neoclassical synthesis

New Statesman

The New Statesman (known from 1931 to 1964 as the New Statesman and Nation) is a British political and cultural news magazine published in London.

See Keynesian economics and New Statesman

Nicholas Johannsen

Nicholas August Ludwig Jacob Johansen (1844–1928) was a German-American amateur economist, today best known for his influence on and citation by John Maynard Keynes.

See Keynesian economics and Nicholas Johannsen

Nominal rigidity

In economics, nominal rigidity, also known as price-stickiness or wage-stickiness, is a situation in which a nominal price is resistant to change.

See Keynesian economics and Nominal rigidity

Opportunity cost

In microeconomic theory, the opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone where, given limited resources, a choice needs to be made between several mutually exclusive alternatives.

See Keynesian economics and Opportunity cost

Output (economics)

In economics, output is the quantity and quality of goods or services produced in a given time period, within a given economic network, whether consumed or used for further production.

See Keynesian economics and Output (economics)

Overproduction

In economics, overproduction, oversupply, excess of supply or glut refers to excess of supply over demand of products being offered to the market.

See Keynesian economics and Overproduction

Paradox of thrift

The paradox of thrift (or paradox of saving) is a paradox of economics.

See Keynesian economics and Paradox of thrift

Pareto principle

The Pareto principle may apply to fundraising, i.e. 20% of the donors contributing towards 80% of the total The Pareto principle (also known as the 80/20 rule, the law of the vital few and the principle of factor sparsity) states that for many outcomes, roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes (the "vital few").

See Keynesian economics and Pareto principle

Partial equilibrium

In economics, partial equilibrium is a condition of economic equilibrium which analyzes only a single market, ceteris paribus (everything else remaining constant) except for the one change at a time being analyzed.

See Keynesian economics and Partial equilibrium

Paul Krugman

Paul Robin Krugman (born February 28, 1953) is an American economist who is the Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York and a columnist for The New York Times.

See Keynesian economics and Paul Krugman

Paul Samuelson

Paul Anthony Samuelson (May 15, 1915 – December 13, 2009) was an American economist who was the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

See Keynesian economics and Paul Samuelson

Paul Sweezy

Paul Marlor Sweezy (April 10, 1910 – February 27, 2004) was a Marxist economist, political activist, publisher, and founding editor of the long-running magazine Monthly Review.

See Keynesian economics and Paul Sweezy

Permanent income hypothesis

The permanent income hypothesis (PIH) is a model in the field of economics to explain the formation of consumption patterns.

See Keynesian economics and Permanent income hypothesis

Phillips curve

The Phillips curve is an economic model, named after Bill Phillips, that correlates reduced unemployment with increasing wages in an economy.

See Keynesian economics and Phillips curve

Post-Keynesian economics

Post-Keynesian economics is a school of economic thought with its origins in The General Theory of John Maynard Keynes, with subsequent development influenced to a large degree by Michał Kalecki, Joan Robinson, Nicholas Kaldor, Sidney Weintraub, Paul Davidson, Piero Sraffa and Jan Kregel.

See Keynesian economics and Post-Keynesian economics

Post–World War II economic expansion

The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom or the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a broad period of worldwide economic expansion beginning with the aftermath of World War II and ending with the 1973–1975 recession.

See Keynesian economics and Post–World War II economic expansion

Potential output

In economics, potential output (also referred to as "natural gross domestic product") refers to the highest level of real gross domestic product (potential output) that can be sustained over the long term.

See Keynesian economics and Potential output

Presidency of George W. Bush

George W. Bush's tenure as the 43rd president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2001, and ended on January 20, 2009.

See Keynesian economics and Presidency of George W. Bush

Presidency of Ronald Reagan

Ronald Reagan's tenure as the 40th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 1981, and ended on January 20, 1989.

See Keynesian economics and Presidency of Ronald Reagan

Private sector

The private sector is the part of the economy which is owned by private groups, usually as a means of establishment for profit or non profit, rather than being owned by the government.

See Keynesian economics and Private sector

Protectionism

Protectionism, sometimes referred to as trade protectionism, is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations.

See Keynesian economics and Protectionism

Public good (economics)

In economics, a public good (also referred to as a social good or collective good)Oakland, W. H. (1987).

See Keynesian economics and Public good (economics)

Quantity theory of money

The quantity theory of money (often abbreviated QTM) is a hypothesis within monetary economics which states that the general price level of goods and services is directly proportional to the amount of money in circulation (i.e., the money supply), and that the causality runs from money to prices.

See Keynesian economics and Quantity theory of money

Ralph George Hawtrey

Sir Ralph George Hawtrey (22 November 1879, Slough – 21 March 1975, London) was a British economist, and a close friend of John Maynard Keynes.

See Keynesian economics and Ralph George Hawtrey

Rate of profit

In economics and finance, the profit rate is the relative profitability of an investment project, a capitalist enterprise or a whole capitalist economy.

See Keynesian economics and Rate of profit

Rational choice theory

Rational choice theory refers to a set of guidelines that help understand economic and social behaviour.

See Keynesian economics and Rational choice theory

Rational expectations

Rational expectations is an economic theory that seeks to infer the macroeconomic consequences of individuals' decisions based on all available knowledge.

See Keynesian economics and Rational expectations

Real and nominal value

In economics, nominal value refers to value measured in terms of absolute money amounts, whereas real value is considered and measured against the actual goods or services for which it can be exchanged at a given time.

See Keynesian economics and Real and nominal value

Real business-cycle theory

Real business-cycle theory (RBC theory) is a class of new classical macroeconomics models in which business-cycle fluctuations are accounted for by real (in contrast to nominal) shocks.

See Keynesian economics and Real business-cycle theory

Recession

In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a general decline in economic activity.

See Keynesian economics and Recession

Reserve Bank of Australia

The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is Australia's central bank and banknote issuing authority.

See Keynesian economics and Reserve Bank of Australia

Ricardian equivalence

The Ricardian equivalence proposition (also known as the Ricardo–de Viti–Barro equivalence theorem) is an economic hypothesis holding that consumers are forward-looking and so internalize the government's budget constraint when making their consumption decisions.

See Keynesian economics and Ricardian equivalence

Richard Hopkins (civil servant)

Sir Richard Valentine Nind Hopkins, GCB, PC (13 February 1880 – 30 March 1955) was a British civil servant.

See Keynesian economics and Richard Hopkins (civil servant)

Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn

Richard Ferdinand Kahn, Baron Kahn, CBE, FBA (10 August 1905 – 6 June 1989) was a British economist.

See Keynesian economics and Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn

Richard Nixon

Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974.

See Keynesian economics and Richard Nixon

Robert Skidelsky

Robert Jacob Alexander Skidelsky, Baron Skidelsky, (born 25 April 1939) is a British economic historian.

See Keynesian economics and Robert Skidelsky

Saving

Saving is income not spent, or deferred consumption.

See Keynesian economics and Saving

Say's law

In classical economics, Say's law, or the law of markets, is the claim that the production of a product creates demand for another product by providing something of value which can be exchanged for that other product.

See Keynesian economics and Say's law

Schools of economic thought

In the history of economic thought, a school of economic thought is a group of economic thinkers who share or shared a mutual perspective on the way economies function.

See Keynesian economics and Schools of economic thought

Social democracy

Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy and supports a gradualist, reformist and democratic approach towards achieving socialism.

See Keynesian economics and Social democracy

Social history

Social history, often called "history from below", is a field of history that looks at the lived experience of the past.

See Keynesian economics and Social history

Social liberalism

The logotype "Quaerite Libertatem et Altruismum" (Latin: as a transnational and neutral language) means "Seek Freedom and Altruism!".

See Keynesian economics and Social liberalism

Stagflation

In economics, stagflation (or recession-inflation) is a situation in which the inflation rate is high or increasing, the economic growth rate slows, and unemployment remains steadily high.

See Keynesian economics and Stagflation

Stockholm School (economics)

The Stockholm School (Stockholmsskolan) is a school of economic thought.

See Keynesian economics and Stockholm School (economics)

Substitute good

In microeconomics, substitute goods are two goods that can be used for the same purpose by consumers.

See Keynesian economics and Substitute good

Supply creates its own demand

"Supply creates its own demand" is the formulation of Say's law.

See Keynesian economics and Supply creates its own demand

Supply-side economics

Supply-side economics is a macroeconomic theory postulating that economic growth can be most effectively fostered by lowering taxes, decreasing regulation, and allowing free trade.

See Keynesian economics and Supply-side economics

Tacit assumption

A tacit assumption or implicit assumption is an assumption that underlies a logical argument, course of action, decision, or judgment that is not explicitly voiced nor necessarily understood by the decision maker or judge.

See Keynesian economics and Tacit assumption

Taylor rule

The Taylor rule is a monetary policy targeting rule.

See Keynesian economics and Taylor rule

The Economist

The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally. Keynesian economics and The Economist are social liberalism.

See Keynesian economics and The Economist

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money is a book by English economist John Maynard Keynes published in February 1936.

See Keynesian economics and The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money

The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

See Keynesian economics and The Guardian

The Listener (magazine)

The Listener was a weekly magazine established by the BBC in January 1929 which ceased publication in 1991.

See Keynesian economics and The Listener (magazine)

The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

See Keynesian economics and The New York Times

The Political Quarterly

The Political Quarterly is an academic journal of political science that first appeared from 1914 to 1916 and was revived by Leonard Woolf, Kingsley Martin, and William A. Robson in 1930.

See Keynesian economics and The Political Quarterly

Thomas Attwood (economist)

Thomas Attwood (6 October 1783 – 6 March 1856) was a British banker, economist, political campaigner and Member of Parliament.

See Keynesian economics and Thomas Attwood (economist)

Thomas Robert Malthus

Thomas Robert Malthus (13/14 February 1766 – 29 December 1834) was an English economist, cleric, and scholar influential in the fields of political economy and demography.

See Keynesian economics and Thomas Robert Malthus

Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

See Keynesian economics and Time (magazine)

Treasury view

In macroeconomics, particularly in the history of economic thought, the Treasury view is the assertion that fiscal policy has no effect on the total amount of economic activity and unemployment, even during times of economic recession.

See Keynesian economics and Treasury view

Tyler Cowen

Tyler Cowen (born January 21, 1962) is an American economist, columnist, and blogger.

See Keynesian economics and Tyler Cowen

Underconsumption

Underconsumption is a theory in economics that recessions and stagnation arise from an inadequate consumer demand, relative to the amount produced.

See Keynesian economics and Underconsumption

Velocity of money

Similar chart showing the logged velocity (green) of a broader measure of money M3 that covers M2 plus large institutional deposits. The US no longer publishes official M3 measures, so the chart only runs through 2005. The velocity of money measures the number of times that one unit of currency is used to purchase goods and services within a given time period.

See Keynesian economics and Velocity of money

Waddill Catchings

Waddill Catchings (September 6, 1879 – December 31, 1967) was an American economist who collaborated with his Harvard classmate William Trufant Foster in a series of economics books that were highly influential in the United States in the 1920s.

See Keynesian economics and Waddill Catchings

Wage unit

The wage unit is a unit of measurement for monetary quantities introduced by Keynes in his 1936 book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (General Theory).

See Keynesian economics and Wage unit

We are all Keynesians now

"We are all Keynesians now" is a famous phrase attributed to Milton Friedman and later rephrased by U.S. president Richard Nixon.

See Keynesian economics and We are all Keynesians now

William Trufant Foster

William Trufant Foster (January 18, 1879 – October 8, 1950) was an American educator and economist, whose theories were especially influential in the 1920s.

See Keynesian economics and William Trufant Foster

World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See Keynesian economics and World War II

1973 oil crisis

In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War.

See Keynesian economics and 1973 oil crisis

1973–1975 recession

The 1973–1975 recession or 1970s recession was a period of economic stagnation in much of the Western world during the 1970s, putting an end to the overall post–World War II economic expansion.

See Keynesian economics and 1973–1975 recession

2007–2008 financial crisis

The 2007–2008 financial crisis, or the global financial crisis (GFC), was the most severe worldwide economic crisis since the Great Depression.

See Keynesian economics and 2007–2008 financial crisis

2008–2009 Keynesian resurgence

Following the global 2007–2008 financial crisis, there was a worldwide resurgence of interest in Keynesian economics among prominent economists and policy makers.

See Keynesian economics and 2008–2009 Keynesian resurgence

See also

Eponymous economic ideologies

John Maynard Keynes

Social liberalism

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keynesian_economics

Also known as Classical Keynesian, Keyensian, Keyensianism, Keynes Economics, Keynesean, Keynesian, Keynesian Economists, Keynesian dogma, Keynesian economic policies, Keynesian economic policy, Keynesian economic theory, Keynesian economy, Keynesian macroeconomics, Keynesian policies, Keynesian policy, Keynesian theory, Keynesian thinking, Keynesianism, Keynesians, Keynsian, Keynsian economics, Keynsianism, Keysenianism.

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