Communication

582 relations: A Failure of Capitalism, A Guide To Keynes, A rising tide lifts all boats, Abba P. Lerner, AD–AS model, Aggregate behavior, Aggregate demand, Aggregate expenditure, Alberto Alesina, Alvin Hansen, Amartya Sen, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Amiya Kumar Bagchi, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Animal Spirits (book), Anti-consumerism, Anwar Shaikh (economist), April 1941, April 1946, Arno Tausch, Arthur F. Burns, Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions and for Citizens' Action, Athanasios Asimakopulos, Austerity, Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea, Australian federal election, 1993, Austrian business cycle theory, Automatic stabilizer, Automotive industry in France, Axel Kicillof, Östersund, Balance of payments, Balanced budget, Balanced budget amendment, Bara Imambara, Baumol–Tobin model, Bertil Ohlin, Bill Wentworth, Birmingham School (economics), Björn Wahlroos, Bretton Woods system, British Empire Economic Conference, British Union of Fascists, Brooksley Born, Bruce Bartlett, Business cycle, Cafeteria Group, Cambridge capital controversy, Canadian federalism, Capital accumulation, ..., Capitalism, Capitalism and Freedom, CartaCapital, Causes of the Great Depression, Central bank, Centre-left politics, Centre-right politics, Chartalism, Chicago school of economics, Chinese economic reform, Christian democracy, Christoph Deutschmann, Clark Warburton, Classical dichotomy, Classical economics, Clement Attlee, Cleto González Víquez, Cold War liberal, Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee), Comparative advantage, Compassionate conservatism, Complex multiplier, Complex system, Conservatism in the United Kingdom, Consumption function, Corporatism, Costas Azariadis, Council of Economic Advisers, Crisis theory, Criticism of capitalism, Culture of Sussex, Culture of the United Kingdom, Current account, Daniel Drache, Daniel J. Mitchell, Debt deflation, Deficit reduction in the United States, Deficit spending, Deflation, Demand, Demand management, Demand-led growth, Demand-pull inflation, Demand-side economics, Democratic Party (United States), Denis Kessler, Discretionary policy, Dishoarding, Domestic policy of the Ronald Reagan administration, Don Patinkin, Donald Markwell, Douglas Peters, Earl J. Hamilton, Early 1980s recession, Economic development, Economic efficiency, Economic equilibrium, Economic history of Chile, Economic history of Germany, Economic history of the United States, Economic inequality, Economic interventionism, Economic liberalization in the post–World War II era, Economic model, Economic policy, Economic progressivism, Economic reforms and recovery proposals regarding the Eurozone crisis, Economic restructuring, Economic stability, Economics, Economics (textbook), Economics of fascism, Economy, Economy of France, Edmund Phelps, Edward Ronald Walker, Edward Shann, Effective demand, Effects of the car on societies, Efficiency wage, Eliot Janeway, Elliott Dodds, Employment Act of 1946, Encounter (magazine), End This Depression Now!, Eprime Eshag, Eric Cantor, European debt crisis, European Parliament election, 1984 (France), Evsey Domar, Expansionary fiscal contraction, Factions in the Democratic Party (United States), Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Fallacy of composition, Federico Caffè, Fightback! (policy), Financial accelerator, Financial Times Deutschland, First Labour Government of New Zealand, Fiscal multiplier, Fiscal policy, Fischer Black, Folkhemmet, Fordism, Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand, François Mitterrand, Frank Hahn, Free market, Freedom Party (United Kingdom), Friedman's k-percent rule, Full employment, Full Employment Abandoned, Full Employment in a Free Society, Functional finance, Fundamental psychological law, G. C. Peden, Gaullist Party, General disequilibrium, General equilibrium theory, General glut, Geoffrey Maynard, Georg Friedrich Knapp, George Colley, George Gilder, Gilles Dauvé, Glossary of economics, God and Man at Yale, Godfrey Huggins, Government debt, Government spending, Governmentality, Great Depression, Great Depression in Australia, Great Depression in the Netherlands, Great Depression in the United Kingdom, Great Depression in the United States, Greek bailout referendum, 2015, Grow the Pie (phrase), Hannes Androsch, Harold Macmillan, Harrod–Domar model, Harry Scherman, Heiner Flassbeck, Hellenic Financial Stability Fund, Helmut Schmidt, Henry Hazlitt, Herbert Giersch, Hernando de Soto Polar, Hernán García de Gonzalo, Heterodox economics, History of American journalism, History of Australia, History of Östersund, History of Belgium, History of capitalism, History of conservatism in the United States, History of economic thought, History of Iceland, History of Islamic economics, History of liberalism, History of macroeconomic thought, History of monetary policy in the United States, History of science, History of the Australian Labor Party, History of the French Communist Party, History of the Liberal Party of Canada, History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom, How to Pay for the War: A Radical Plan for the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act, Hydraulic macroeconomics, Hyman Minsky, Ian Shapiro, Il Mondo (magazine), Import substitution industrialization, Index of economics articles, Index of politics articles, Inefficiency, Inflation, Inflationism, Innovation economics, Institute of Public Affairs, Institutional economics, International Monetary Fund, International monetary systems, International political economy, Interwar Britain, Irving Fisher, Isaac de Pinto, IS–LM model, Italian Left, Jacques Drèze, James Crotty (economist), James Petras, James Scullin, James Tobin, Janet Yellen, Javier González Fraga, Javier Milei, Jayantha Kelegama, Jeffrey Sachs, Jewish left, Joan Robinson, João Sayad, Job guarantee, John B. Taylor, John Cain (junior), John Farthing, John Forbes Nash Jr., John Hewson, John Hicks, John Howard, John Maurice Clark, John Maynard Keynes, John Quiggin, Joseph Lyons, Joseph Schumpeter, Josiah Bartlet, Journal of Political Economy, Jude Wanniski, June 1913, K. N. Raj, Kaldor's growth model, Karl Denninger, Keith Holyoake, Ken Henry (public servant), Keynes (disambiguation), Keynesian Revolution, Klein–Goldberger model, Knut Wicksell, Kondratiev wave, Labour economics, Labour Party (UK), Land of Promise: An Economic History of the United States, Large-scale macroeconometric model, Leakage (economics), Leeds Town Hall, Left-wing politics, Leon Levy, Liberal corporatism, Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal Party of Canada, Liberalism, Liberalism in the United States, Liquidity trap, List of agnostics, List of atheists (miscellaneous), List of eponymous adjectives in English, List of eponyms (A–K), List of federal political parties in Canada, List of ideologies named after people, List of important publications in economics, List of subjects related to the Quebec independence movement, Living wage, Lloyd Bentsen, Lloyd Metzler, Lloyd Mints, London School of Economics, Lorie Tarshis, Lucien Bouchard, Ludwig von Mises, Luigi Pasinetti, Macmillan Committee, Macroeconomic model, Macroeconomics, Mainstream economics, Malcolm Fraser, Marcello De Cecco, March 1918, Marcos Pérez Jiménez, Margaret Thatcher, Marginal propensity to consume, Marginal propensity to save, Mark Spitznagel, Market failure, Marriner Stoddard Eccles, Masters of Money, Mathematical economics, May Report, Measures of national income and output, Menzie Chinn, Michał Kalecki, Michael Joseph Savage, Michael Kaser, Microfoundations, Military Keynesianism, Milton Friedman, Minimum Wage Fairness Act, Minsky moment, Mixed economy, Modern liberalism in the United States, Modern Monetary Theory, Monetarism, Monetary inflation, Monetary policy, Monetary policy of the United States, Monetary/fiscal debate, Money supply, Mont Pelerin Society, Monthly Review, Movement conservatism, Multiplier (economics), Muqaddimah, Murray Milgate, Mustafa Kemal Kurdaş, NAIRU, National accounts, National Democratic Party (Iraq), National Economic Council, Inc., National fiscal policy response to the Great Recession, National Policy, National savings, Natural rate of unemployment, Neil Wallace, Neo-Capitalism, Neo-Keynesian economics, Neo-libertarianism, Neoclassical economics, Neoliberalism, New Deal, New Deal (French political party), New Economy Coalition, New Economy Movement in the United States, New Keynesian economics, New neoclassical synthesis, New Party (UK), New Right, News, Niall Ferguson, Nixonomics, Nobuo Okishio, Nominal rigidity, Norman Smith (politician), Norway, Nouvelle Action Royaliste, Odd Aukrust, Odvar Nordli, One-nation conservatism, Operation ROBOT, Optimum currency area, Ordoliberalism, Outline of economics, Pandora's Box (TV series), Panic of 1819, Papanui (New Zealand electorate), Paradigm shift, Paradox of thrift, Party system, Patrick Lynch (economist), Paul Krugman, Paul Mattick, Paul Samuelson, Paul Wonnacott, Peer Steinbrück, Pentapartito, People's Action Party, Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought, Peter Bofinger, Peter Jay (diplomat), Peter Tapsell (British politician), Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden, Phillips curve, Pierre Trudeau, Pigou effect, Plano Collor, Policy-ineffectiveness proposition, Political debates about the United States federal budget, Political positions of Jeremy Corbyn, Political views of American academics, Post-Keynesian economics, Post-politics, Post-war consensus, Post-war displacement of Keynesianism, Post–World War II economic expansion, Postmodernism, Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Power theory of economics, Precautionary demand, Precautionary savings, Premiership of Margaret Thatcher, Presidency of Bill Clinton, Presidency of Gerald Ford, Presidency of John F. Kennedy, Presidency of Ronald Reagan, Presidency of Warren G. Harding, Presidential transition of Barack Obama, Principle of effective demand, Principles of Political Economy (Malthus), Procyclical and countercyclical variables, Programme commun, Progressivism, Public capital, Public housing in Australia, Quantity theory of money, Quebec sovereignty movement, Rab Butler, Radical Reform Group, Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory, Rally for the Republic, Ralph Harris, Baron Harris of High Cross, Randolph E. Paul, Reaganomics, Real business-cycle theory, Realigning election, Recession, Recession of 1937–38, Reconstruction Party of Canada, Redistribution of income and wealth, Reform Party (Southern Rhodesia), Reformism, Regina Manifesto, Regulatory economics, Rehn–Meidner model, Rent regulation, Review of Keynesian Economics, Richard Gavin Reid, Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn, Richard Timberlake, Right-libertarianism, Rise of Neville Chamberlain, Robert Aaron Gordon, Robert Bryce, Robert Eisner, Robert Lucas Jr., Robert W. Clower, Robin Hahnel, Rockefeller Republican, Roger Backhouse (economist), Roger Douglas, Roger Garrison, Rogernomics, Roundaboutness, Roy Harrod, Roy Jenkins, Rubinomics, Said Gafurov, Said Musa, Saltwater and freshwater economics, Samuel Smiles, Say's law, Schools of economic thought, Shadow Open Market Committee, Sidney Holland, Simon Kuznets, Social democracy, Social Democratic Party (Portugal), Social Democratic Party of Germany, Social right (political theory), Social welfare model, Socialism or Barbarism, Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992), Socialist economics, Socialist Left (Germany), Solow–Swan model, Special Relationship, Speculative demand for money, Sporthotel Pontresina, St Albans (New Zealand electorate), Stagflation, Steady-state economy, Stimulus (economics), Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate, Supply and demand, Supply creates its own demand, Supply-side economics, Sussex, Swedish Social Democratic Party, Taylor contract (economics), Technological unemployment, Ted Theodore, Tendency of the rate of profit to fall, Tepper School of Business, Thaksinomics, Thatcherism, The Commanding Heights, The Economist, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, The Keynes Solution, The Left (Germany), The Maritimes, The New New Deal, The Politically Incorrect Guide to Capitalism, The Reformation in Economics, Third National Government of New Zealand, Third Way, Timeline of modern American conservatism, Transactions demand, Transfer payments multiplier, Transformation in economics, Treasury view, Trickle-down economics, Trickle-up effect, Tu Youyou, Types of socialism, Underconsumption, Underemployment, Underemployment equilibrium, Unemployment, Unemployment benefits in Sweden, Unemployment in the United States, United Kingdom government austerity programme, United States Congress, United States federal budget, Vuskovic plan, Waddill Catchings, Walras's law, Walter Heller, War, Wartime Labour Relations Regulations, We are all Keynesians now, Wealth elasticity of demand, Welfare cost of business cycles, Wesley Clair Mitchell, Westfailure, Wilhelm Röpke, Will Hutton, Willi Semmler, William Beveridge, William Lyon Mackenzie King, William Phillips (economist), William Trufant Foster, Winnipeg Declaration, Yanis Varoufakis, Zero interest-rate policy, Zoltan Acs, 110 Propositions for France, 1930s, 1960s, 1970s, 1997 Asian financial crisis, 2000s (decade), 2008–09 Keynesian resurgence, 99ers. 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A Failure of Capitalism

A Failure of Capitalism: The Crisis of '08 and the Descent into Depression is a non-fiction book by the economist Richard Posner.

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A Guide To Keynes

A Guide to Keynes is a non-fiction work by Alvin Hansen, about the life of John Maynard Keynes.

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A rising tide lifts all boats

The aphorism "a rising tide lifts all boats" is associated with the idea that improvements in the general economy will benefit all participants in that economy, and that economic policy, particularly government economic policy, should therefore focus on the general macroeconomic environment first and foremost.

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Abba P. Lerner

Abraham (Abba) Ptachya Lerner (also Abba Psachia Lerner; 28 October 1903 – 27 October 1982) was a Russian-born British economist.

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AD–AS model

The AD–AS or aggregate demand–aggregate supply model is a macroeconomic model that explains price level and output through the relationship of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.

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Aggregate behavior

In economics, Aggregate behavior refers to economy-wide sums of individual behavior.

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Aggregate demand

In macroeconomics, aggregate demand (AD) or domestic final demand (DFD) is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a given time.

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Aggregate expenditure

In economics, aggregate expenditure (AE) is a measure of national income.

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Alberto Alesina

Alberto Francesco Alesina (born April 29, 1957) is an Italian political economist.

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Alvin Hansen

Alvin Harvey Hansen (August 23, 1887 – June 6, 1975), often referred to as "the American Keynes," was a professor of economics at Harvard, a widely read author on current economic issues, and an influential advisor to the government who helped create the Council of Economic Advisors and the Social Security system.

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Amartya Sen

Amartya Kumar Sen, CH, FBA (born 3 November 1933) is an Indian economist and philosopher, who since 1972 has taught and worked in India, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

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American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), nicknamed the Recovery Act, was a stimulus package enacted by the 111th U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama in February 2009.

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Amiya Kumar Bagchi

Amiya Kumar Bagchi (born 1936) is a distinguished Indian political economist.

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Aníbal Cavaco Silva

Aníbal António Cavaco Silva, GCC, GColL (born 15 July 1939), is an economist who was the 19th President of Portugal, in office from 9 March 2006 to 9 March 2016.

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Animal Spirits (book)

Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism (2009) is a book written to promote the understanding of the role played by emotions in influencing economic decision making.

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Anti-consumerism

Anti-consumerism is a sociopolitical ideology that is opposed to consumerism, the continual buying and consuming of material possessions.

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Anwar Shaikh (economist)

Anwar M. Shaikh (born 1945) is a Pakistani American economist working in the classical tradition.

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April 1941

The following events occurred in April 1941.

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April 1946

The following events occurred in April 1946.

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Arno Tausch

Arno Tausch (born February 11, 1951 in Salzburg, Austria) is an Austrian political scientist.

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Arthur F. Burns

Arthur Frank Burns (August 27, 1904June 26, 1987) was an American economist.

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Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions and for Citizens' Action

The Association pour la Taxation des Transactions financières et pour l'Action Citoyenne (Association for the Taxation of financial Transactions and Citizen's Action, ATTAC) is an activist organisation originally created for promoting the establishment of a tax on foreign exchange transactions.

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Athanasios Asimakopulos

Athanasios "Tom" Asimakopulos (May 28, 1930 – May 25, 1990) was a Canadian economist, who was the "William Dow Professor of Political Economy" in the Department of Economics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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Austerity

Austerity is a political-economic term referring to policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of both.

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Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea

Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea is a 2013 book by Mark Blyth that explores the economic policy of austerity.

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Australian federal election, 1993

The 1993 Australian federal election was held to determine the members of the 37th Parliament of Australia.

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Austrian business cycle theory

The Austrian business cycle theory (ABCT) is an economic theory developed by the Austrian School of economics about how business cycles occur.

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Automatic stabilizer

In macroeconomics, automatic stabilizers are features of the structure of modern government budgets, particularly income taxes and welfare spending, that act to dampen fluctuations in real GDP.

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Automotive industry in France

France was a pioneer in the automotive industry and is the 11th-largest automobile manufacturer in the world by 2015 unit production and the third-largest in Europe (after Germany and Spain).

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Axel Kicillof

Axel Kicillof (born 25 September 1971) is an Argentine economist who was appointed Argentina's Minister of Economy on November 18, 2013.

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Östersund

Östersund (Staare) is an urban area (city) in Jämtland in the middle of Sweden.

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Balance of payments

The balance of payments, also known as balance of international payments and abbreviated B.O.P. or BoP, of a country is the record of all economic transactions between the residents of the country and of the world in a particular period (over a quarter of a year or more commonly over a year).

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Balanced budget

A balanced budget (particularly that of a government) is a budget in which revenues are equal to expenditures.

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Balanced budget amendment

A balanced budget amendment is a constitutional rule requiring that a state cannot spend more than its income.

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Bara Imambara

Bara Imambada is an imambada complex in Lucknow, India, built by Asaf-ud-Daula, Nawab of Awadh, in 1784.

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Baumol–Tobin model

The Baumol–Tobin model is an economic model of the transactions demand for money as developed independently by William Baumol (1952) and James Tobin (1956).

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Bertil Ohlin

Bertil Gotthard Ohlin (23 April 1899 – 3 August 1979) was a Swedish economist and politician.

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Bill Wentworth

William Charles "Bill" Wentworth AO (8 September 1907 – 15 June 2003), Australian politician, was a Liberal and later Independent member of the Australian House of Representatives from 1949 to 1977, with a reputation as a fierce anti-Communist.

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Birmingham School (economics)

The Birmingham School was a school of economic thought that emerged in Birmingham, England during the post-Napoleonic depression that affected England following the end of the Napoleonic wars in 1815.

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Björn Wahlroos

Björn Arne Christer Wahlroos (born 10 October 1952 in Helsinki) is the Chairman of the Board in Sampo Group, Nordea and UPM-Kymmene.

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Bretton Woods system

The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and Japan after the 1944 Bretton-Woods Agreement.

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British Empire Economic Conference

The British Empire Economic Conference (also known as the Imperial Economic Conference or Ottawa Conference) was a 1932 conference of British colonies and the autonomous dominions held to discuss the Great Depression.

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British Union of Fascists

The British Union of Fascists, or BUF, was a fascist political party in the United Kingdom formed in 1932 by Oswald Mosley.

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Brooksley Born

Brooksley E. Born (born August 27, 1940) is an American attorney and former public official who, from August 26, 1996, to June 1, 1999, was chairperson of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the federal agency which oversees the futures and commodity options markets.

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Bruce Bartlett

Bruce Reeves Bartlett (born October 11, 1951) is an American historian whose area of expertise is supply-side economics.

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Business cycle

The business cycle, also known as the economic cycle or trade cycle, is the downward and upward movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend.

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Cafeteria Group

The "cafeteria group" was an informal club at the University of Cambridge consisting of John Maynard Keynes, Frank P. Ramsey, Piero Sraffa and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

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Cambridge capital controversy

The Cambridge capital controversy – sometimes called "the capital controversy"Brems (1975) pp.

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Canadian federalism

Canadian federalism involves the current nature and historical development of federal systems in Canada.

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Capital accumulation

Capital accumulation (also termed the accumulation of capital) is the dynamic that motivates the pursuit of profit, involving the investment of money or any financial asset with the goal of increasing the initial monetary value of said asset as a financial return whether in the form of profit, rent, interest, royalties or capital gains.

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Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

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Capitalism and Freedom

Capitalism and Freedom is a book by Milton Friedman originally published in 1962 by the University of Chicago Press which discusses the role of economic capitalism in liberal society.

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CartaCapital

CartaCapital is a weekly Brazilian newsmagazine published in Santana do Parnaíba, São Paulo and João Pessoa, Paraíba and distributed throughout the country by Editora Confiança.

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Causes of the Great Depression

The causes of the Great Depression in the early 20th century have been extensively discussed by economists and remain a matter of active debate.

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Central bank

A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates.

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Centre-left politics

Centre-left politics or center-left politics (American English), also referred to as moderate-left politics, is an adherence to views leaning to the left-wing, but closer to the centre on the left–right political spectrum than other left-wing variants.

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Centre-right politics

Centre-right politics or center-right politics (American English), also referred to as moderate-right politics, are politics that lean to the right of the left–right political spectrum, but are closer to the centre than other right-wing variants.

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Chartalism

In macroeconomics, chartalism is a theory of money which argues that money originated with states' attempts to direct economic activity rather than as a spontaneous solution to the problems with barter or as a means with which to tokenize debt, and that fiat currency has value in exchange because of sovereign power to levy taxes on economic activity payable in the currency they issue.

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Chicago school of economics

The Chicago school of economics is a neoclassical school of economic thought associated with the work of the faculty at the University of Chicago, some of whom have constructed and popularized its principles.

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Chinese economic reform

The Chinese economic reform refers to the program of economic reforms termed "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China, led by Deng Xiaoping.

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Christian democracy

Christian democracy is a political ideology that emerged in nineteenth-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching, as well as Neo-Calvinism.

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Christoph Deutschmann

Christoph Deutschmann (born 15 November 1946 in Stuttgart) is a German sociologist.

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Clark Warburton

Clark Warburton (27 January 1896, near Buffalo, New York – 18 September 1979, Fairfax, Virginia) was an American economist.

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Classical dichotomy

In macroeconomics, the classical dichotomy is the idea, attributed to classical and pre-Keynesian economics, that real and nominal variables can be analyzed separately.

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Classical economics

Classical economics or classical political economy (also known as liberal economics) is a school of thought in economics that flourished, primarily in Britain, in the late 18th and early-to-mid 19th century.

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Clement Attlee

Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, (3 January 1883 – 8 October 1967) was a British statesman of the Labour Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955.

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Cleto González Víquez

Cleto de Jesús González Víquez (13 October 1858 – 23 September 1937) was, on two occasions, the President of Costa Rica, firstly as the 18th president in 1906 and lastly as the 26th president in 1928.

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Cold War liberal

Cold War liberal is a term that was used most commonly in the United States during the Cold War, which began at the end of World War II.

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Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee)

The Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee) is a political group which publishes the Weekly Worker newspaper.

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Comparative advantage

The law or principle of comparative advantage holds that under free trade, an agent will produce more of and consume less of a good for which they have a comparative advantage.

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Compassionate conservatism

Compassionate conservatism is an American political philosophy that stresses using traditionally conservative techniques and concepts in order to improve the general welfare of society.

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Complex multiplier

The complex multiplier is the multiplier principle in Keynesian economics (formulated by John Maynard Keynes).

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Complex system

A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other.

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Conservatism in the United Kingdom

Conservatism in the United Kingdom is related to its counterparts in other Western nations, but has a distinct tradition and has encompassed a wide range of theories over the decades.

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Consumption function

In economics, the consumption function describes a relationship between consumption and disposable income.

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Corporatism

Corporatism is the organization of a society by corporate groups and agricultural, labour, military or scientific syndicates and guilds on the basis of their common interests.

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Costas Azariadis

Constantine Christos "Costas" Azariadis (Κώστας Αζαριάδης; born February 17, 1943) is a macroeconomist born in Athens, Greece.

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Council of Economic Advisers

The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) is a United States agency within the Executive Office of the President established in 1946, which advises the President of the United States on economic policy.

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Crisis theory

Crisis theory, concerning the causes and consequences of the tendency for the rate of profit to fall in a capitalist system, is now generally associated with Marxian economics.

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Criticism of capitalism

Criticism of capitalism ranges from expressing disagreement with the principles of capitalism in its entirety to expressing disagreement with particular outcomes of capitalism.

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Culture of Sussex

The culture of Sussex refers to the pattern of human activity and symbolism associated with Sussex and its people.

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Culture of the United Kingdom

The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed state, a liberal democracy and a great power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.

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Current account

In economics, a country's current account is one of the two components of its balance of payments, the other being the capital account (also known as the financial account).

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Daniel Drache

Daniel Drache is a scholar in Canadian and international political economy, globalization studies, communication studies, and cultural studies.

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Daniel J. Mitchell

Daniel J. "Dan" Mitchell is a libertarian economist and former senior fellow at the Cato Institute.

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Debt deflation

Debt deflation is a theory that recessions and depressions are due to the overall level of debt rising in real value because of deflation, causing people to default on their consumer loans and mortgages.

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Deficit reduction in the United States

Deficit reduction in the United States refers to taxation, spending, and economic policy debates and proposals designed to reduce the Federal budget deficit.

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Deficit spending

Deficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit; the opposite of budget surplus.

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Deflation

In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services.

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Demand

In economics, demand is the quantities of a commodity or a service that people are willing and able to buy at various prices, over a given period of time.

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Demand management

Demand management is a planning methodology used to forecast, plan for and manage the demand for products and services.

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Demand-led growth

Demand-led growth is the foundation of an economic theory claiming that an increase in aggregate demand will ultimately cause an increase in total output in the long run.

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Demand-pull inflation

Demand-pull inflation is asserted to arise when aggregate demand in an economy outpaces aggregate supply.

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Demand-side economics

Demand-side economics is a macroeconomic theory which argues that economic growth is most effectively created by high demand for products and services.

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Democratic Party (United States)

The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party (nicknamed the GOP for Grand Old Party).

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Denis Kessler

Denis Kessler (born 25 March 1952 in Mulhouse) is a French businessman.

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Discretionary policy

In macroeconomics, discretionary policy is an economic policy based on the ad hoc judgment of policymakers as opposed to policy set by predetermined rules.

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Dishoarding

In economics dishoarding is the opposite of hoarding.

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Domestic policy of the Ronald Reagan administration

This article discusses the domestic policy of the Ronald Reagan administration from 1981 to 1989.

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Don Patinkin

Don Patinkin (Hebrew: דן פטינקין) (January 8, 1922 – August 7, 1995) was an Israeli/American monetary economist, and the president of Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

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Donald Markwell

For the Montgomery, Alabama, talk radio personality, see Don Markwell Donald John "Don" Markwell (born 19 April 1959) is an Australian social scientist, who has been described as a "renowned Australian educational reformer".

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Douglas Peters

Douglas Dennison Peters, (March 3, 1930 – October 7, 2016) was a Canadian banker, economist, and politician.

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Earl J. Hamilton

Earl Jefferson Hamilton (1899 – 7 May 1989) was an American historian, one of the founders of economic history, and a prominent hispanist.

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Early 1980s recession

The early 1980s recession was a severe global economic recession that affected much of the developed world in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

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Economic development

economic development wikipedia Economic development is the process by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people.

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Economic efficiency

Economic efficiency is, roughly speaking, a situation in which nothing can be improved without something else being hurt.

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Economic equilibrium

In economics, economic equilibrium is a state where economic forces such as supply and demand are balanced and in the absence of external influences the (equilibrium) values of economic variables will not change.

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Economic history of Chile

The economy of Chile has shifted substantially over time from the heterogeneous economies of the diverse indigenous peoples to an early husbandry-oriented economy and finally to one of raw material export and a large service sector.

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Economic history of Germany

Germany before 1800 was heavily rural, with some urban trade centers.

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Economic history of the United States

The economic history of the United States is about characteristics of and important developments in the U.S. economy from colonial times to the present.

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Economic inequality

Economic inequality is the difference found in various measures of economic well-being among individuals in a group, among groups in a population, or among countries.

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Economic interventionism

Economic interventionism (sometimes state interventionism) is an economic policy perspective favoring government intervention in the market process to correct the market failures and promote the general welfare of the people.

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Economic liberalization in the post–World War II era

Directly after World War II saw many countries adopt policies of economic liberalization in order to stimulate their economies.

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Economic model

In economics, a model is a theoretical construct representing economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and/or quantitative relationships between them.

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Economic policy

The economic policy of governments covers the systems for setting levels of taxation, government budgets, the money supply and interest rates as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the economy.

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Economic progressivism

Economic progressivism (not to be confused with the more general Idea of Progress in relation to economic growth) is a political philosophy incorporating the socioeconomic principles of social democrats and political progressives.

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Economic reforms and recovery proposals regarding the Eurozone crisis

The Eurozone crisis is an ongoing financial crisis that has made it difficult or impossible for some countries in the euro area to repay or re-finance their government debt without the assistance of third parties.

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Economic restructuring

Economic restructuring refers to the phenomenon of Western urban areas shifting from a manufacturing to a service sector economic base.

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Economic stability

Economic stability is the absence of excessive fluctuations in the macroeconomy.

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Economics

Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Economics (textbook)

Economics is an introductory textbook by American economists Paul Samuelson and William Nordhaus.

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Economics of fascism

The economics of fascism refers to the economic policies implemented by fascist governments.

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Economy

An economy (from Greek οίκος – "household" and νέμoμαι – "manage") is an area of the production, distribution, or trade, and consumption of goods and services by different agents.

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Economy of France

France has the world's 6th largest economy by 2017 nominal figures and the 10th largest economy by PPP figures.

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Edmund Phelps

Edmund Strother Phelps, (born July 26, 1933) is an American economist and the winner of the 2006 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

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Edward Ronald Walker

Sir Edward Ronald Walker (26 January 1907 – 28 November 1988), generally known as Ronald Walker, was an Australian diplomat and economist who served as Australia's Permanent Representative to the United Nations and Ambassador to Germany, Japan, and France.

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Edward Shann

Edward Owen Giblin Shann (30 April 1884 – 23 May 1935, often written as E. O. G. Shann) was an Australian economist.

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Effective demand

In economics, effective demand (ED) in a market is the demand for a product or service which occurs when purchasers are constrained in a different market.

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Effects of the car on societies

Since the twentieth century, the role of the car has become highly important though controversial.

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Efficiency wage

In labor economics, the efficiency wage hypothesis argues that wages, at least in some markets, form in a way that is not market-clearing.

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Eliot Janeway

Eliot Janeway (January 1, 1913—February 8, 1993), born Eliot Jacobstein, was an American economist, journalist and author, widely quoted during his lifetime, whose career spanned seven decades.

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Elliott Dodds

George Elliott Dodds (4 March 1889 – 20 February 1977) was a British journalist, newspaper editor, Liberal politician and thinker.

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Employment Act of 1946

The Employment Act of 1946 ch.

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Encounter (magazine)

Encounter was a literary magazine, founded in 1953 by poet Stephen Spender and journalist Irving Kristol.

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End This Depression Now!

End This Depression Now! is a non-fiction book by the American economist Paul Krugman.

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Eprime Eshag

Eprime Eshag (اپريم اسحاق., born Urmia, Iran, 6 November 1918 – died Oxford, England, 24 November 1998) was an Assyrian-Iranian-born Keynesian socialist economist.

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Eric Cantor

Eric Ivan Cantor (born June 6, 1963) is an American politician, lawyer, and banker, who served as the United States representative for Virginia's 7th congressional district from 2001 until 2014.

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European debt crisis

The European debt crisis (often also referred to as the Eurozone crisis or the European sovereign debt crisis) is a multi-year debt crisis that has been taking place in the European Union since the end of 2009.

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European Parliament election, 1984 (France)

In 1984 the second direct elections to the European Parliament were held in France.

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Evsey Domar

Evsey David Domar (Евсей Давидович Домашевицкий, Domashevitsky; April 16, 1914 – April 1, 1997) was a Russian American economist, famous as co-author of the Harrod–Domar model.

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Expansionary fiscal contraction

The Expansionary Fiscal Contraction (EFC) hypothesis predicts that, under certain limited circumstances, a major reduction in government spending that changes future expectations about taxes and government spending will expand private consumption, resulting in overall economic expansion.

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Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)

The Democratic Party of the United States is composed of various factions with some overlap and enough agreement between them to coexist in one party.

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Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)

The Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (自由民主党 Jiyū-Minshutō) is the ruling party of Japan, with Party President Shinzō Abe being the Prime Minister of Japan.

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Fallacy of composition

The fallacy of composition arises when one infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole (or even of every proper part).

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Federico Caffè

Federico Caffè (born 6 January 1914; disappeared 15 April 1987; declared dead 30 October 1998) was a notable Italian economist from the "Keynesian School".

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Fightback! (policy)

Fightback! was a 650-page economic policy package document proposed by John Hewson, federal leader of the Liberal Party of Australia and Leader of the Opposition from 1990 to 1994.

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Financial accelerator

The financial accelerator in macroeconomics is the process by which adverse shocks to the economy may be amplified by worsening financial market conditions.

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Financial Times Deutschland

The Financial Times Deutschland was a German-language financial newspaper based in Hamburg, Germany, published by Bertelsmann's Gruner + Jahr newspaper and magazine division.

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First Labour Government of New Zealand

The First Labour Government of New Zealand was the government of New Zealand from 1935 to 1949.

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Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it.

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Fiscal policy

In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (mainly taxes) and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy.

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Fischer Black

Fischer Sheffey Black (January 11, 1938 – August 30, 1995) was an American economist, best known as one of the authors of the famous Black–Scholes equation.

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Folkhemmet

Folkhemmet (the people's home) is a political concept that played an important role in the history of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and the Swedish welfare state.

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Fordism

Fordism is the basis of modern economic and social systems in industrialized, standardized mass production and mass consumption.

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Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand

The Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand governed New Zealand from 26 July 1984 to 2 November 1990.

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François Mitterrand

François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (26 October 1916 – 8 January 1996) was a French statesman who was President of France from 1981 to 1995, the longest time in office of any French president.

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Frank Hahn

Frank Horace Hahn FBA (26 April 1925 – 29 January 2013) was a British economist whose work focused on general equilibrium theory, monetary theory, Keynesian economics and monetarism.

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Free market

In economics, a free market is an idealized system in which the prices for goods and services are determined by the open market and consumers, in which the laws and forces of supply and demand are free from any intervention by a government, price-setting monopoly, or other authority.

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Freedom Party (United Kingdom)

The Freedom Party was a political party in the United Kingdom.

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Friedman's k-percent rule

Friedman's k-percent rule is the monetarist proposal that the money supply should be increased by the central bank by a constant percentage rate every year, irrespective of business cycles.

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Full employment

Full employment means that everyone who wants a job have all the hours of work they need on "fair wages".

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Full Employment Abandoned

Full Employment Abandoned: Shifting Sands and Policy Failures is a book on macroeconomic issues, written by economists William Mitchell & Joan Muysken and first published in 2008.

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Full Employment in a Free Society

Full Employment in a Free Society (1944) is a book by William Beveridge, author of the Beveridge Report.

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Functional finance

Functional finance is an economic theory proposed by Abba P. Lerner, based on effective demand principles and chartalism.

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Fundamental psychological law

John Maynard Keynes, in 1936, proposed the psychological law in his work: The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.

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G. C. Peden

George C. Peden is an emeritus professor of history at Stirling University, Scotland.

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Gaullist Party

In France, the Gaullist Party is usually used to refer to the largest party professing to be Gaullist.

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General disequilibrium

In macroeconomic theory, general disequilibrium is a situation in which some or all of the aggregated markets, such as the money market, the goods market, and the labor market, fail to clear because of price rigidities.

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General equilibrium theory

In economics, general equilibrium theory attempts to explain the behavior of supply, demand, and prices in a whole economy with several or many interacting markets, by seeking to prove that the interaction of demand and supply will result in an overall general equilibrium.

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General glut

In macroeconomics, a general glut is an excess of supply in relation to demand, specifically, when there is more production in all fields of production in comparison with what resources are available to consume (purchase) said production.

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Geoffrey Maynard

Geoffrey Walter Maynard (27 October 1921 – 9 September 2017) was a British economist.

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Georg Friedrich Knapp

Georg Friedrich Knapp (March 7, 1842 – February 20, 1926) was a German economist who in 1905 published The State Theory of Money, which founded the chartalist school of monetary theory, which argues that money's value derives from its issuance by an institutional form of government rather than spontaneously through relations of exchange.

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George Colley

George Philip Colley (18 October 1925 – 17 September 1983) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Tánaiste from 1977 to 1981, Minister for Energy from 1980 to 1981, Minister for Tourism and Transport from 1979 to 1980, Minister for the Public Service from 1977 to 1979, Minister for Finance from 1970 to 1973 and 1977 to 1979, Minister for the Gaeltacht from 1969 to 1973, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1966 to 1970, Minister for Education from 1965 to 1966 and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Lands from 1964 to 1965.

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George Gilder

George Franklin Gilder (born November 29, 1939) is an American investor, writer, economist, techno-utopian advocate, and co-founder of the Discovery Institute.

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Gilles Dauvé

Gilles Dauvé (pen name Jean Barrot; born 1947) is a French political theorist, school teacher, and translator associated with left communism and the contemporary tendency of communization.

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Glossary of economics

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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God and Man at Yale

God and Man at Yale: The Superstitions of "Academic Freedom" is a 1951 book by William F. Buckley Jr., based on his undergraduate experiences at Yale University.

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Godfrey Huggins

Godfrey Martin Huggins, 1st Viscount Malvern (6 July 1883 – 8 May 1971) was a Rhodesian politician and physician.

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Government debt

Government debt (also known as public interest, public debt, national debt and sovereign debt) is the debt owed by a government.

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Government spending

Government spending or expenditure includes all government consumption, investment, and transfer payments.

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Governmentality

Governmentality is a concept first developed by the French philosopher Michel Foucault in the later years of his life, roughly between 1977 and his death in 1984, particularly in his lectures at the Collège de France during this time.

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Great Depression

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

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Great Depression in Australia

Australia suffered badly during the period of the Great Depression of the 1930s.

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Great Depression in the Netherlands

The Great Depression in the Netherlands occurred between 1933 and 1936,Beishuizen, Jan, & Werkman, Evert (1967) De Magere Jaren: Nederland in de crisistijd, 1929–1939, 2nd edition.

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Great Depression in the United Kingdom

The Great Depression in the United Kingdom, also known as the Great Slump, was a period of national economic downturn in the 1930s, which had its origins in the global Great Depression.

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Great Depression in the United States

The Great Depression began in August 1929, when the United States economy first went into an economic recession.

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Greek bailout referendum, 2015

A referendum to decide whether Greece was to accept the bailout conditions in the country's government-debt crisis proposed jointly by the European Commission (EC), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Central Bank (ECB) on 25 June 2015, took place on 5 July 2015.

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Grow the Pie (phrase)

Grow the Pie is an expression used in macroeconomics to refer to the assertion that growing the economy of a nation as a whole creates more availability of wealth and work opportunities than does redistribution of wealth.

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Hannes Androsch

Johannes "Hannes" Androsch is an Austrian entrepreneur and consultant; a former Social Democrat top politician who served as an Austrian minister of finance from 1970 to 1981 and additionally as vice chancellor from 1976 to 1981; and a former banker who from 1981 to 1988 was the general director of the Creditanstalt-Bankverein (Austria’s leading bank at that time) and subsequently an advisor to the World Bank.

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Harold Macmillan

Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, (10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963.

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Harrod–Domar model

The Harrod–Domar model is a classical Keynesian model of economic growth.

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Harry Scherman

Harry Scherman (February 1, 1887 – November 12, 1969) was an American publisher and economist, most notable as the co-founder of the Book of the Month Club.

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Heiner Flassbeck

Heiner Flassbeck (born 12 December 1950) is a German economist and public intellectual.

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Hellenic Financial Stability Fund

The Hellenic Financial Stability Fund (Ταμείο Χρηματοπιστωτικής Σταθερότητας), or HFSF is a Greek special purpose vehicle created to help stabilizing the Greek banking sector inmidst the Greek government-debt crisis.

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Helmut Schmidt

Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt (23 December 1918 – 10 November 2015) was a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), who served as Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1974 to 1982.

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Henry Hazlitt

Henry Stuart Hazlitt (November 28, 1894July 9, 1993) was an American journalist who wrote about business and economics for such publications as The Wall Street Journal, The Nation, The American Mercury, Newsweek, and The New York Times.

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Herbert Giersch

Herbert Giersch (11 May 1921 – 22 July 2010) was a German economist.

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Hernando de Soto Polar

Hernando de Soto Polar (or Hernando de Soto; born 1941) is a Peruvian economist known for his work on the informal economy and on the importance of business and property rights.

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Hernán García de Gonzalo

Hernán García de Gonzalo Vidal (born December 23, 1928), is a retired Chilean diplomat and academic.

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Heterodox economics

Heterodoxy is a term that may be used in contrast with orthodoxy in schools of economic thought or methodologies, that may be beyond neoclassical economics.

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History of American journalism

Journalism in America began as a humble affair and became a political force in the campaign for American independence.

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History of Australia

The History of Australia refers to the history of the area and people of the Commonwealth of Australia and its preceding Indigenous and colonial societies.

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History of Östersund

Östersund is a relatively young Scandinavian city, being founded as late as 1786, after several Swedish attempts to found and charter a city in Jämtland, a previously Norwegian province.

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History of Belgium

The history of Belgium predates the founding of the modern state of that name in 1830.

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History of capitalism

The history of capitalism has diverse and much debated roots, but fully-fledged capitalism is generally thought to have emerged in north-west Europe, especially in the Low Countries (mainly present-day Flanders and Netherlands) and Britain, in the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries.

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History of conservatism in the United States

In the United States there has never been a national political party called the Conservative Party.

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History of economic thought

The history of economic thought deals with different thinkers and theories in the subject that became political economy and economics, from the ancient world to the present day in the 21st Century.

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History of Iceland

The recorded history of Iceland began with the settlement by Viking explorers and their slaves from the east, particularly Norway and the British Isles, in the late ninth century.

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History of Islamic economics

Between the 9th and 14th centuries, the Muslim world developed many concepts and techniques in economics such as Hawala, an early informal value transfer system, Islamic trusts known as waqf, and mufawada.

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History of liberalism

Liberalism, the belief in freedom and human rights, is historically associated with thinkers such as John Locke and Montesquieu.

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History of macroeconomic thought

Macroeconomic theory has its origins in the study of business cycles and monetary theory.

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History of monetary policy in the United States

This article is about the history of monetary policy in the United States.

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History of science

The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural and social sciences.

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History of the Australian Labor Party

The history of the Australian Labor Party (federally spelt Labour prior to 1912) has its origins in the Labour parties founded in the 1890s in the Australian colonies prior to federation.

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History of the French Communist Party

The French Communist Party (PCF) has been a part of the political scene in France since 1920, peaking in strength around the end of World War II.

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History of the Liberal Party of Canada

This article covers the history of the Liberal Party of Canada.

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History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom

Socialism in the United Kingdom is thought to stretch back to the 19th century from roots arising in the aftermath of the English Civil War.

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How to Pay for the War: A Radical Plan for the Chancellor of the Exchequer

How to Pay for the War: A Radical Plan for the Chancellor of the Exchequer is a book by John Maynard Keynes, published in 1940 by Macmillan and Co., Ltd..

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Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act

The Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act (known informally as the Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act) is an act of legislation by the United States government.

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Hydraulic macroeconomics

Hydraulic macroeconomics is an informal characterization of certain types of macroeconomic study assuming aggregate social wealth (demand or supply) as somewhat smooth, constant and homogeneous.

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Hyman Minsky

Hyman Philip Minsky (September 23, 1919 – October 24, 1996) was an American economist, a professor of economics at Washington University in St. Louis, and a distinguished scholar at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.

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Ian Shapiro

Ian Shapiro (born September 28, 1956) is Sterling Professor of Political Science and Henry R. Luce Director of the MacMillan Center at Yale University.

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Il Mondo (magazine)

Il Mondo (meaning The World in English) was a weekly political, cultural and economic magazine founded by Gianni Mazzocchi (also founder of L'Europeo) and directed by Mario Pannunzio.

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Import substitution industrialization

Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is a trade and economic policy which advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production.

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Index of economics articles

This aims to be a complete article list of economics topics.

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Index of politics articles

This is a list of political topics, including political science terms, political philosophies, political issues, etc.

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Inefficiency

The term inefficiency generally refers to an absence of efficiency.

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Inflation

In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.

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Inflationism

Inflationism is a heterodox economic, fiscal, or monetary policy, that predicts that a substantial level of inflation is harmless, desirable or even advantageous.

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Innovation economics

Innovation economics is a growing economic theory that emphasizes entrepreneurship and innovation.

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Institute of Public Affairs

The Institute of Public Affairs (IPA) is a conservative public policy think tank.

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Institutional economics

Institutional economics focuses on understanding the role of the evolutionary process and the role of institutions in shaping economic behaviour.

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International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.

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International monetary systems

International monetary systems are sets of internationally agreed rules, conventions and supporting institutions, that facilitate international trade, cross border investment and generally the reallocation of capital between nation states.

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International political economy

International political economy (IPE), also known as global political economy (GPE), refers to either economics or an interdisciplinary academic discipline that analyzes economics and international relations.

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Interwar Britain

Interwar Britain (1919–1939) was a period of peace and relative economic stagnation.

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Irving Fisher

Irving Fisher (February 27, 1867 – April 29, 1947) was an American economist, statistician, inventor, and Progressive social campaigner.

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Isaac de Pinto

Isaac de Pinto (Amsterdam, 10 April 1717 – 13 August 1787 in the Hague) was a Dutch Jew of Portuguese origin, a merchant/banker, one of the main investors in the Dutch East India Company, a scholar, philosophe and a pre-Keynesian, who concentrated on Jewish emancipation and National Debt.

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IS–LM model

The IS–LM model, or Hicks–Hansen model, is a macroeconomic tool that shows the relationship between interest rates (ordinate) and assets market (also known as real output in goods and services market plus money market, as abscissa).

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Italian Left

Italian Left (Sinistra Italiana, SI) is a left-wing political party in Italy.

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Jacques Drèze

Jacques H. Drèze (born 1929) is a Belgian economist noted for his contributions to economic theory, econometrics, and economic policy as well as for his leadership in the economics profession.

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James Crotty (economist)

James R. Crotty is an American Post-Keynesian macroeconomist whose research in theory and policy attempts to integrate the complementary analytical strengths of the Marxian and Keynesian traditions.

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James Petras

James Petras (born 17 January 1937) is a retired Bartle Professor (Emeritus) of Sociology at Binghamton University in Binghamton, New York and adjunct professor at Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who has published on political issues with particular focus on Latin America and the Middle East, imperialism, globalization, and leftist social movements.

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James Scullin

James Henry "Jim" Scullin (18 September 1876 – 28 January 1953) was an Australian Labor Party politician and the ninth Prime Minister of Australia.

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James Tobin

James Tobin (March 5, 1918 – March 11, 2002) was an American economist who served on the Council of Economic Advisers and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and taught at Harvard and Yale Universities.

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Janet Yellen

Janet Louise Yellen (born August 13, 1946) is an American economist.

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Javier González Fraga

Javier González Fraga (born May 12, 1948) is an Argentine economist and businessman.

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Javier Milei

Javier Gerardo Milei (born 22 October, 1970) is an Argentine libertarian economist sympathetic to Austrian School of economic thought.

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Jayantha Kelegama

Deshamanya Jayantha Kelegama (1928 – 2005) was a Sri Lankan economist and civil servant.

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Jeffrey Sachs

Jeffrey David Sachs (born November 5, 1954) is an American economist and director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, where he holds the title of University Professor, the highest rank Columbia bestows on its faculty.

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Jewish left

The term Jewish left describes Jews who identify with, or support, left-wing, occasionally liberal, causes, consciously as Jews, either as individuals or through organizations.

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Joan Robinson

Joan Violet Robinson FBA (31 October 1903 – 5 August 1983), previously Joan Violet Maurice, was a British economist well known for her wide-ranging contributions to economic theory.

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João Sayad

João Sayad (born December 1, 1945) is a Brazilian economist, professor of the Department of Economics, Management and Accounting of the University of Sao Paulo and former Secretary of Finance for the state of Sao Paulo.

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Job guarantee

A job guarantee (JG) is an economic policy proposal aimed at providing a sustainable solution to the dual problems of inflation and unemployment.

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John B. Taylor

John Brian Taylor (born December 8, 1946) is the Mary and Robert Raymond Professor of Economics at Stanford University, and the George P. Shultz Senior Fellow in Economics at Stanford University's Hoover Institution.

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John Cain (junior)

John Cain (born 26 April 1931) is a former Australian politician who was the 41st Premier of Victoria, in office from 1982 to 1990 as leader of the Labor Party.

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John Farthing

John Colborne Farthing (1897-1954) was a Canadian soldier, thinker, philosopher, economist, teacher, and author of the seminal tract Freedom Wears a Crown, published posthumously.

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John Forbes Nash Jr.

John Forbes Nash Jr. (June 13, 1928 – May 23, 2015) was an American mathematician who made fundamental contributions to game theory, differential geometry, and the study of partial differential equations.

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John Hewson

Dr John Robert Hewson AM (born 28 October 1946) is a former Australian politician who served as leader of the Liberal Party from 1990 to 1994.

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John Hicks

Sir John Richard Hicks (8 April 1904 – 20 May 1989) was a British economist.

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John Howard

John Winston Howard, (born 26 July 1939) is a former Australian politician who served as the 25th Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1996 to 2007.

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John Maurice Clark

John Maurice Clark (1884–1963) was an American economist whose work combined the rigor of traditional economic analysis with an "institutionalist" attitude.

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John Maynard Keynes

John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was a British economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments.

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John Quiggin

John Quiggin (born 29 March 1956) is an Australian economist, a Professor at the University of Queensland.

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Joseph Lyons

Joseph Aloysius Lyons (15 September 1879 – 7 April 1939) was the tenth Prime Minister of Australia, serving from January 1932 until his death.

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Joseph Schumpeter

Joseph Alois Schumpeter (8 February 1883 – 8 January 1950) was an Austrian political economist.

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Josiah Bartlet

Josiah Edward "Jed" Bartlet is a fictional character from the American television serial drama The West Wing, portrayed by Martin Sheen.

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Journal of Political Economy

The Journal of Political Economy is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press.

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Jude Wanniski

Jude Thaddeus Wanniski (June 17, 1936 – August 29, 2005) was an American journalist, conservative commentator, and political economist.

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June 1913

The following events occurred in June 1913.

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K. N. Raj

Kakkadan Nandanath Raj (13 May 1924 – 10 February 2010) was a veteran Indian economist.

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Kaldor's growth model

Nicholas Kaldor in his essay titled A Model of Economic Growth, originally published in Economic Journal in 1957, postulates a growth model, which follows the Harrodian dynamic approach and the Keynesian techniques of analysis.

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Karl Denninger

Karl Denninger is an American technology businessman, finance blogger, and political activist, sometimes referred to as a founding member of the Tea Party movement.

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Keith Holyoake

Sir Keith Jacka Holyoake (11 February 1904 – 8 December 1983) was the 26th Prime Minister of New Zealand, serving for a brief period in 1957 and then from 1960 to 1972, and also the 13th Governor-General of New Zealand, serving from 1977 to 1980.

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Ken Henry (public servant)

Kenneth Ross "Ken" Henry (born 27 November 1957 in Taree, New South Wales) is an Australian economist and public servant.

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Keynes (disambiguation)

The name Keynes is an anglicization of the Norman place-name Cahagnes, sometimes spelled Kahaignes in the Middle Ages.

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Keynesian Revolution

The Keynesian Revolution was a fundamental reworking of economic theory concerning the factors determining employment levels in the overall economy.

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Klein–Goldberger model

The Klein–Goldberger model was an early macroeconometric model for the United States developed by Lawrence Klein and Arthur Goldberger, Klein's doctoral student at the University of Michigan, in 1955.

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Knut Wicksell

Johan Gustaf Knut Wicksell (December 20, 1851 – May 3, 1926) was a leading Swedish economist of the Stockholm school.

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Kondratiev wave

In economics, Kondratiev waves (also called supercycles, great surges, long waves, K-waves or the long economic cycle) are hypothesized cycle-like phenomena in the modern world economy.

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Labour economics

Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the markets for wage labour.

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Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom.

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Land of Promise: An Economic History of the United States

Land of Promise: An Economic History of the United States is a book on the economic history of the United States of America by Michael Lind, first published in 2012 by HarperCollins.

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Large-scale macroeconometric model

Following the development of Keynesian economics, applied economics began developing forecasting models based on economic data including national income and product accounting data.

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Leakage (economics)

In economics, a leakage is a diversion of funds from some iterative process.

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Leeds Town Hall

Leeds Town Hall was built between 1853 and 1858 on The Headrow (formerly Park Lane), Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, to a design by architect Cuthbert Brodrick.

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Left-wing politics

Left-wing politics supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy.

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Leon Levy

Leon Levy (September 13, 1925 – April 6, 2003), April 8, 2003.

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Liberal corporatism

Liberal corporatism is the application of economic corporatism by liberal political parties and organizations, that recognizes the bargaining interests of multiple groups within society, such as in the business, labour, and agricultural sectors and licenses them to engage in bargaining over economic policy with the state.

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Liberal Party of Australia

The Liberal Party of Australia is a major centre-right political party in Australia, one of the two major parties in Australian politics, along with the centre-left Australian Labor Party (ALP).

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Liberal Party of Canada

The Liberal Party of Canada (Parti libéral du Canada), colloquially known as the Grits, is the oldest federal political party in Canada.

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Liberalism

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equality.

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Liberalism in the United States

Liberalism in the United States is a broad political philosophy centered on what many see as the unalienable rights of the individual.

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Liquidity trap

A liquidity trap is a situation, described in Keynesian economics, in which, "after the rate of interest has fallen to a certain level, liquidity preference may become virtually absolute in the sense that almost everyone prefers cash holding a debt which yields so low a rate of interest."Keynes, John Maynard (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007 edition, A liquidity trap is caused when people hoard cash because they expect an adverse event such as deflation, insufficient aggregate demand, or war.

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List of agnostics

Listed here are persons who have identified themselves as theologically agnostic.

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List of atheists (miscellaneous)

This is a list of atheists.

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List of eponymous adjectives in English

An eponymous adjective is an adjective which has been derived from the name of a person, real or fictional.

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List of eponyms (A–K)

An eponym is a person (real or fictitious) from whom something is said to take its name.

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List of federal political parties in Canada

In contrast with the political party systems of many nations, Canadian political parties at the federal level are often only loosely connected with parties at the provincial level, despite having similar names.

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List of ideologies named after people

This list contains names of ideological systems, movements and trends named after persons.

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List of important publications in economics

This is a list of important publications in economics, organized by field.

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List of subjects related to the Quebec independence movement

This is a list of subjects related to the Quebec independence movement.

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Living wage

A living wage is the minimum income necessary for a worker to meet their basic needs.

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Lloyd Bentsen

Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. (February 11, 1921 – May 23, 2006) was an American politician who was a four-term United States Senator (1971–1993) from Texas and the Democratic Party nominee for vice president in 1988 on the Michael Dukakis ticket.

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Lloyd Metzler

Lloyd Appleton Metzler (1913 – 26 October 1980) was an American economist best known for his contributions to international trade theory.

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Lloyd Mints

Lloyd Wynn Mints (1888–1989) was an American economist, notable for his contributions to the quantity theory of money.

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London School of Economics

The London School of Economics (officially The London School of Economics and Political Science, often referred to as LSE) is a public research university located in London, England and a constituent college of the federal University of London.

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Lorie Tarshis

Lorie Tarshis (22 March 1911 – 4 October 1993) was a Canadian economist who taught mostly at Stanford University.

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Lucien Bouchard

Lucien Bouchard, (born December 22, 1938) is a French Canadian lawyer, diplomat, politician and former Minister of the Environment of the Canadian Federal Government.

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Ludwig von Mises

Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises (29 September 1881 – 10 October 1973) was an Austrian-American theoretical Austrian School economist.

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Luigi Pasinetti

Luigi L. Pasinetti (born September 12, 1930) is an Italian economist of the post-Keynesian school.

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Macmillan Committee

The Macmillan Committee, officially known as the Committee on Finance and Industry, was a committee, composed mostly of economists, formed by the British government after the 1929 stock market crash to determine the root causes of the depressed economy of the United Kingdom.

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Macroeconomic model

A macroeconomic model is an analytical tool designed to describe the operation of the economy of a country or a region.

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Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics (from the Greek prefix makro- meaning "large" and economics) is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole.

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Mainstream economics

Mainstream economics may be used to describe the body of knowledge, theories, and models of economics, as taught across universities, that are generally accepted by economists as a basis for discussion.

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Malcolm Fraser

John Malcolm Fraser (21 May 1930 – 20 March 2015) was an Australian politician who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1975 to 1983 as leader of the Liberal Party.

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Marcello De Cecco

Marcello De Cecco (17 September 1939 – 3 March 2016) was an Italian economist.

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March 1918

The following events occurred in March 1918.

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Marcos Pérez Jiménez

Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez (25 April 1914 – 20 September 2001) was a Venezuelan military and general officer of the Army of Venezuela and the leader of Venezuela from 1950 to 1958, ruling as unelected military strongman from 1948 to 1950 and as President from 1952 to 1958.

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Margaret Thatcher

Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (13 October 19258 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.

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Marginal propensity to consume

In economics, the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is a metric that quantifies induced consumption, the concept that the increase in personal consumer spending (consumption) occurs with an increase in disposable income (income after taxes and transfers).

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Marginal propensity to save

The marginal propensity to save (MPS) is the fraction of an increase in income that is not spent on an increase in consumption.

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Mark Spitznagel

Mark Spitznagel (born March 5, 1971) is an American hedge fund manager, stocks and commodities trader, and author.

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Market failure

In economics, market failure is a situation in which the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not efficient, often leading to a net social welfare loss.

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Marriner Stoddard Eccles

Marriner Stoddard Eccles (September 9, 1890 – December 18, 1977) was a U.S. banker, economist, and member and chairman of the Federal Reserve Board.

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Masters of Money

Masters of Money is a 2012 British documentary series produced by the BBC.

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Mathematical economics

Mathematical economics is the application of mathematical methods to represent theories and analyze problems in economics.

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May Report

The May Report was a publication on 31 July 1931 by the Committee on National Expenditure ("May Committee").

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Measures of national income and output

A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), net national income (NNI), and adjusted national income also called as NNI at factor cost (NNI* adjusted for natural resource depletion).

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Menzie Chinn

Menzie David Chinn (born 1961) is a professor of public affairs and economics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

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Michał Kalecki

Michał Kalecki (22 June 1899 – 18 April 1970) was a Polish economist.

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Michael Joseph Savage

Michael Joseph Savage (23 March 1872 – 27 March 1940) was an Australian-born New Zealand statesman who served as the 23rd Prime Minister of New Zealand, heading the First Labour Government from 6 December 1935 until his death.

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Michael Kaser

Michael Kaser (born in London in 1926) is a British economist who specialises on Central and Eastern Europe and the USSR and its successor states.

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Microfoundations

In economics, the term microfoundations refers to the microeconomic analysis of the behavior of individual agents such as households or firms that underpins a macroeconomic theory (Barro, 1993, Glossary, p. 594).

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Military Keynesianism

Military Keynesianism is the position that government should raise military spending to boost economic growth.

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Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and the complexity of stabilization policy.

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Minimum Wage Fairness Act

The Minimum Wage Fairness Act is a bill that would amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) to increase the federal minimum wage for employees to $10.10 per hour over the course of a two-year period.

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Minsky moment

A Minsky moment is a sudden major collapse of asset values which is part of the credit cycle or business cycle.

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Mixed economy

A mixed economy is variously defined as an economic system blending elements of market economies with elements of planned economies, free markets with state interventionism, or private enterprise with public enterprise.

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Modern liberalism in the United States

Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States.

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Modern Monetary Theory

Modern Monetary Theory (MMT or Modern Money Theory) is a macroeconomic theory that describes and analyses modern economies in which the national currency is fiat money, established and created by a sovereign government.

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Monetarism

Monetarism is a school of thought in monetary economics that emphasizes the role of governments in controlling the amount of money in circulation.

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Monetary inflation

Monetary inflation is a sustained increase in the money supply of a country (or currency area).

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Monetary policy

Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country, typically the central bank or currency board, controls either the cost of very short-term borrowing or the monetary base, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency.

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Monetary policy of the United States

Monetary policy concerns the actions of a central bank or other regulatory authorities that determine the size and rate of growth of the money supply.

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Monetary/fiscal debate

The monetary/fiscal policy debate,McCallum (1985) otherwise known as the Ando–Modigliani/Friedman–Meiselman debateEisner (1988) (or AM/FM debateBias (2014) from the main instigators' initials, and for this reason sometimes jokingly called the "radio stations debate"See AM Broadcasting and FM BroadcastingGramlich (2004)), is the exchange of viewpoints about the comparative efficiency of monetary policies and fiscal policies that originated with a workFriedman/Meiselman (1963) co-authored by Milton Friedman and David Meiselman and first published in 1963, as part of studies submitted to the Commission on Money and Credit.

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Money supply

In economics, the money supply (or money stock) is the total value of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time.

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Mont Pelerin Society

The Mont Pelerin Society (MPS) is an international liberal organization composed of economists, philosophers, historians, intellectuals, business leaders.

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Monthly Review

The Monthly Review, established in 1949, is an independent socialist magazine published monthly in New York City.

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Movement conservatism

Movement conservatism is an inside term describing conservatism in the United States and New Right.

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Multiplier (economics)

In macroeconomics, a multiplier is a factor of proportionality that measures how much an endogenous variable changes in response to a change in some exogenous variable.

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Muqaddimah

The Muqaddimah, also known as the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun (مقدّمة ابن خلدون) or Ibn Khaldun's Prolegomena (Προλεγόμενα), is a book written by the Arab historian Ibn Khaldun in 1377 which records an early view of universal history.

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Murray Milgate

Murray Milgate (born 1950), is an Australian-born academic economist and Fellow and Director of Studies in Economics at Queens' College in the University of Cambridge.

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Mustafa Kemal Kurdaş

Mustafa Kemal Kurdaş (1920 – April 19, 2011) was a Turkish economist who served as Turkish Minister of Finance, the IMF’s adviser to Latin American governments, president of the Middle East Technical University and deputy head of the Turkish Treasury.

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NAIRU

NAIRU is an acronym for non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment, and refers to a level of unemployment below which inflation rises.

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National accounts

National accounts or national account systems (NAS) are the implementation of complete and consistent accounting techniques for measuring the economic activity of a nation.

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National Democratic Party (Iraq)

The National Democratic Party (الحزب الوطني الديمقراطي, Hizb al Wataniyah al Dimuqratiyah) is an Iraqi Secular political party.

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National Economic Council, Inc.

National Economic Council, Inc. was an American conservative political organization, headed for much of its history by Merwin K. Hart.

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National fiscal policy response to the Great Recession

Beginning in 2008 many nations of the world enacted fiscal stimulus plans in response to the Great Recession.

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National Policy

The National Policy was a Canadian economic program introduced by John Alexander Macdonald's Conservative Party in 1876 and put into action in 1879.

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National savings

In economics, a country's national savings is the sum of private and public savings.

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Natural rate of unemployment

The natural rate of unemployment is the name that was given to a key concept in the study of economic activity.

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Neil Wallace

Neil Wallace (born 1939) is an American economist and professor at Pennsylvania State University.

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Neo-Capitalism

Neo-capitalism is an economic ideology which blends some elements of capitalism with other systems.

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Neo-Keynesian economics

Neo-Keynesian economics is a school of macroeconomic thought that was developed in the post-war period from the writings of John Maynard Keynes.

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Neo-libertarianism

Neo-libertarianism is a political and social philosophy that is a combination of libertarian principles with present-day neoconservative principles.

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Neoclassical economics

Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics focusing on the determination of goods, outputs, and income distributions in markets through supply and demand.

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Neoliberalism

Neoliberalism or neo-liberalism refers primarily to the 20th-century resurgence of 19th-century ideas associated with laissez-faire economic liberalism.

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New Deal

The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States 1933-36, in response to the Great Depression.

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New Deal (French political party)

New Deal (Nouvelle Donne) is a political party in France.

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New Economy Coalition

The New Economy Coalition (NEC) is an American nonprofit organization based in Boston, Massachusetts, formerly known as the New Economics Institute.

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New Economy Movement in the United States

The New Economy Movement in the United States is a group of organizations that are attempting to restructure the current economic system.

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New Keynesian economics

New Keynesian economics is a school of contemporary macroeconomics that strives to provide microeconomic foundations for Keynesian economics.

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New neoclassical synthesis

The new neoclassical synthesis (NNS) or new synthesis is the fusion of the major, modern macroeconomic schools of thought, new classical and Neo-Keynesianism, into a consensus on the best way to explain short-run fluctuations in the economy.

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New Party (UK)

The New Party was a political party briefly active in the United Kingdom in the early 1930s.

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New Right

New Right is used in several countries as a descriptive term for various policies or groups that are right-wing.

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News

News is information about current events.

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Niall Ferguson

Niall Campbell Ferguson (born 18 April 1964) Niall Ferguson is a conservative British historian and political commentator.

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Nixonomics

Nixonomics, a portmanteau of the words "Nixon" and "economics", refers to U.S. President Richard Nixon's economic performance.

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Nobuo Okishio

was a Japanese Marxian economist and emeritus professor of Kobe University.

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Nominal rigidity

Nominal rigidity, also known as price-stickiness or wage-stickiness, describes a situation in which the nominal price is resistant to change.

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Norman Smith (politician)

Henry Norman Smith (31 January 1890 – 21 December 1962) was a British Labour Party politician.

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Norway

Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.

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Nouvelle Action Royaliste

The New Royalist Action (Nouvelle Action Royaliste, NAR) is a monarchist (Orléanist) political movement marked by a will to found a constitutional monarchy in France.

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Odd Aukrust

Odd Aukrust (15 December 1915 – 22 June 2008) was a Norwegian economist.

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Odvar Nordli

Odvar Nordli (3 November 1927 – 9 January 2018) was a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party.

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One-nation conservatism

One-nation conservatism (also known as one-nationism, or Tory democracy) is a form of British political conservatism advocating preservation of established institutions and traditional principles combined with political democracy, and a social and economic programme designed to benefit the common man.

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Operation ROBOT

Operation ROBOT was an economic policy devised by HM Treasury in 1952 under Chancellor of the Exchequer R. A. Butler but which was never implemented.

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Optimum currency area

In economics, an optimum currency area (OCA), also known as an optimal currency region (OCR), is a geographical region in which it would maximize economic efficiency to have the entire region share a single currency.

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Ordoliberalism

Ordoliberalism is the German variant of social liberalism that emphasizes the need for the state to ensure that the free market produces results close to its theoretical potential.

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Outline of economics

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to economics: Economics – analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Pandora's Box (TV series)

Pandora's Box, subtitled A Fable From the Age of Science, is a BBC television documentary series by Adam Curtis looking at the consequences of political and technocratic rationalism.

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Panic of 1819

The Panic of 1819 was the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States followed by a general collapse of the American economy persisting through 1821.

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Papanui (New Zealand electorate)

Papanui is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate.

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Paradigm shift

A paradigm shift (also radical theory change), a concept identified by the American physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn (1922–1996), is a fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline.

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Paradox of thrift

The paradox of thrift (or paradox of saving) is a paradox of economics.

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Party system

A party system is a concept in comparative political science concerning the system of government by political parties in a democratic country.

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Patrick Lynch (economist)

Patrick Lynch MRIA (5 May 1917 – 16 November 2001) was an Irish economist.

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Paul Krugman

Paul Robin Krugman (born February 28, 1953) is an American economist who is currently Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and a columnist for The New York Times.

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Paul Mattick

Paul Mattick, Sr. (March 13, 1904 – February 7, 1981) was a Marxist political writer and social revolutionary, whose thought can be placed within the council communist and left communist traditions.

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Paul Samuelson

Paul Anthony Samuelson (15 May 1915 – 13 December 2009) was an American economist and the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

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Paul Wonnacott

Gordon Paul Wonnacott (born March 16, 1933) has been on the economics faculty of Columbia University, the University of Maryland and Middlebury College, where he held the Alan Holmes Chair until his retirement in 2000.

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Peer Steinbrück

Peer Steinbrück (born 10 January 1947) is a German politician who was the chancellor-candidate of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in the 2013 federal election.

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Pentapartito

The Pentapartito (from Greek Penta, five, and Italian partito, party), commonly shortened to CAF (from the initials of Craxi, Andreotti and Forlani) refers to the coalition government of five Italian political parties that formed between June 1981 and April 1991.

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People's Action Party

The People's Action Party (abbreviation: PAP) is a major right-wingPartido de Ação Popular political party in Singapore.

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Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought

Throughout modern history, a variety of perspectives on capitalism have evolved based on different schools of thought.

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Peter Bofinger

Peter Bofinger (born September 18, 1954) is a German economist and member of the German Council of Economic Experts.

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Peter Jay (diplomat)

Peter Jay (born 7 February 1937) is an English economist, broadcaster and one-time diplomat.

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Peter Tapsell (British politician)

Sir Peter Hannay Bailey Tapsell (born 1 February 1930) is a British Conservative Party politician and former Member of Parliament (MP) for Louth and Horncastle.

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Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden

Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden, PC (18 July 1864 – 15 May 1937) was a British politician.

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Phillips curve

The Phillips curve is a single-equation empirical model, named after William Phillips, describing a historical inverse relationship between rates of unemployment and corresponding rates of rises in wages that result within an economy.

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Pierre Trudeau

Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau (October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), often referred to by the initials PET, was a Canadian statesman who served as the 15th Prime Minister of Canada (1968–1979 and 1980–1984).

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Pigou effect

In economics, the Pigou effect is the stimulation of output and employment caused by increasing consumption due to a rise in real balances of wealth, particularly during deflation.

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Plano Collor

The Collor Plan (Plano Collor), is the name given to a collection of economic reforms and inflation-stabilization plans carried out in Brazil during the presidency of Fernando Collor de Mello, between 1990 and 1992.

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Policy-ineffectiveness proposition

The policy-ineffectiveness proposition (PIP) is a new classical theory proposed in 1975 by Thomas J. Sargent and Neil Wallace based upon the theory of rational expectations, which posits that monetary policy cannot systematically manage the levels of output and employment in the economy.

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Political debates about the United States federal budget

Political debates about the United States federal budget discusses some of the more significant U.S. budgetary debates of the 21st century.

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Political positions of Jeremy Corbyn

This article summarises the policies, views and voting record of Labour Party MP Jeremy Corbyn, who since 12 September 2015 has been the Leader of the Opposition and Leader of the Labour Party in the United Kingdom.

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Political views of American academics

The political views of American academics began to receive attention in the 1930s, and investigation into faculty political views expanded rapidly after the rise of McCarthyism.

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Post-Keynesian economics

Post-Keynesian economics is a school of economic thought with its origins in The General Theory of John Maynard Keynes, with subsequent development influenced to a large degree by Michał Kalecki, Joan Robinson, Nicholas Kaldor, Sidney Weintraub, Paul Davidson, Piero Sraffa and Jan Kregel.

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Post-politics

Post-politics refers to the critique of the emergence, in the post-Cold War period, of a politics of consensus on a global scale: the dissolution of the Eastern Communist bloc following the collapse of the Berlin Wall instituted a post-ideological consensus based on the acceptance of the capitalist market and the liberal state as the organisational foundations of society.

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Post-war consensus

The post-war consensus is a historian's model of political co-operation in post-war British political history, from the end of World War II in 1945 to the late-1970s, and its repudiation by Conservative Party leader Margaret Thatcher.

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Post-war displacement of Keynesianism

The post-war displacement of Keynesianism was a series of events which from mostly unobserved beginnings in the late 1940s, had by the early 1980s led to the replacement of Keynesian economics as the leading theoretical influence on economic life in the developed world.

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Post–World War II economic expansion

The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of strong economic growth beginning after World War II and ending with the 1973–75 recession.

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Postmodernism

Postmodernism is a broad movement that developed in the mid- to late-20th century across philosophy, the arts, architecture, and criticism and that marked a departure from modernism.

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Poul Nyrup Rasmussen

Poul Oluf Nyrup Rasmussen (informally Poul Nyrup, born 15 June 1943), was Prime Minister of Denmark from 25 January 1993 to 27 November 2001 and President of the Party of European Socialists (PES) from 2004 to 2011.

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Power theory of economics

Developed by Yasuma Takada in a series of lectures at Kyoto University, the power theory of economics is mostly based on a critique of both mainstream economics as well as heterodox economics theories of unemployment, most notably Keynsian economics and Marxian economics.

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Precautionary demand

Precautionary demand is the demand for highly liquid financial assets — domestic money or foreign currency — arising from preparedness for emergency expenditures.

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Precautionary savings

Precautionary saving is saving (non-expenditure of a portion of income) that occurs in response to uncertainty regarding future income.

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Premiership of Margaret Thatcher

Margaret Thatcher served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1979 to November 1990.

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Presidency of Bill Clinton

The presidency of Bill Clinton began at noon EST on January 20, 1993, when Bill Clinton was inaugurated as 42nd President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2001.

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Presidency of Gerald Ford

The presidency of Gerald Ford began on August 9, 1974, when Gerald Ford became President of the United States upon the resignation of Richard Nixon from office, and ended on January 20, 1977, a period of days.

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Presidency of John F. Kennedy

The presidency of John F. Kennedy began on January 20, 1961, when Kennedy was inaugurated as the 35th President of the United States, and ended on November 22, 1963, upon his assassination and death, a span of days.

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Presidency of Ronald Reagan

The presidency of Ronald Reagan began at noon EST on January 20, 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as 40th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1989.

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Presidency of Warren G. Harding

The presidency of Warren G. Harding began on March 4, 1921, when Warren G. Harding was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended when he died on August 2, 1923, a span of days.

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Presidential transition of Barack Obama

The Presidential transition of Barack Obama began when Barack Obama won the United States presidential election on November 4, 2008, and became the President-elect.

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Principle of effective demand

In Keynesian Economics, the principle of effective demand is the principle that the aggregate demand function and the aggregate supply function intersect each other at the point of effective demand generally entailing under-employment and under-capacity utilization.

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Principles of Political Economy (Malthus)

Principles of Political Economy Considered with a View to their Applications, simply referred to as Principles of Political Economy, was written by nineteenth century British political economist Thomas Malthus in 1820.

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Procyclical and countercyclical variables

Procyclical and countercyclical variables are variables that fluctuate in a way that is respectively positively or negatively correlated with fluctuations in gross domestic product (GDP).

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Programme commun

The Programme commun (or 'Common Programme') was a reform programme, signed 27 June 1972 by the Socialist Party, the French Communist Party and the centrist Radical Movement of the Left, which provided a great upheaval in the economic, political and military fields in France.

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Progressivism

Progressivism is the support for or advocacy of improvement of society by reform.

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Public capital

Public capital is the aggregate body of government-owned assets that are used as a means for productivity.

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Public housing in Australia

Public housing in Australia is provided by departments of state governments.

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Quantity theory of money

In monetary economics, the quantity theory of money (QTM) states that the general price level of goods and services is directly proportional to the amount of money in circulation, or money supply.

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Quebec sovereignty movement

The Quebec sovereignty movement (Mouvement souverainiste du Québec) is a political movement as well as an ideology of values, concepts and ideas that advocates independence for the Canadian province of Quebec.

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Rab Butler

Richard Austen Butler, Baron Butler of Saffron Walden, (9 December 1902 – 8 March 1982), generally known as R. A. Butler and familiarly known from his initials as Rab, was a prominent British Conservative politician.

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Radical Reform Group

The Radical Reform Group was a pressure group inside the Liberal Party, set up in 1952 to campaign for social liberal and Keynesian economic approaches.

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Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory

The balanced growth theory is an economic theory pioneered by the economist Ragnar Nurkse (1907–1959).

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Rally for the Republic

The Rally for the Republic (Rassemblement pour la République; RPR), was a Neo-Gaullist and conservative political party in France.

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Ralph Harris, Baron Harris of High Cross

Ralph Harris, Baron Harris of High Cross (10 December 1924 – 19 October 2006) was a British economist.

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Randolph E. Paul

Randolph Evernghim Paul (1890–1956) was a lawyer specializing in tax law.

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Reaganomics

Reaganomics (a portmanteau of Reagan and economics attributed to Paul Harvey) refers to the economic policies promoted by U.S. President Ronald Reagan during the 1980s.

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Real business-cycle theory

Real business-cycle theory (RBC theory) is a class of new classical macroeconomics models in which business-cycle fluctuations to a large extent can be accounted for by real (in contrast to nominal) shocks.

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Realigning election

A realigning election (often called a critical election, political realignment, or critical realignment) is a term from political science and political history describing a dramatic change in the political system.

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Recession

In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction which results in a general slowdown in economic activity.

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Recession of 1937–38

The recession of 1937–1938 was an economic downturn that occurred during the Great Depression in the United States.

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Reconstruction Party of Canada

The Reconstruction Party was a Canadian political party founded by Henry Herbert Stevens, a long-time Conservative Member of Parliament (MP).

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Redistribution of income and wealth

Redistribution of income and redistribution of wealth are respectively the transfer of income and of wealth (including physical property) from some individuals to others by means of a social mechanism such as taxation, charity, welfare, public services, land reform, monetary policies, confiscation, divorce or tort law.

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Reform Party (Southern Rhodesia)

The Reform Party was a political party that was formed in Southern Rhodesia in 1932, which went on to form the government under Godfrey Huggins in 1933, before splitting in 1934 and disappearing by the end of the decade.

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Reformism

Reformism is a political doctrine advocating the reform of an existing system or institution instead of its abolition and replacement.

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Regina Manifesto

The Regina Manifesto was the programme of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and was adopted at the first national convention of the CCF held in Regina, Saskatchewan in 1933.

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Regulatory economics

Regulatory economics is the economics of regulation.

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Rehn–Meidner model

The Rehn–Meidner model is an economic and wage policy model developed in 1951 by two economists at the research department of the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO), Gösta Rehn and Rudolf Meidner.

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Rent regulation

Rent regulation is a system of laws, administered by a court or a public authority, which aim to ensure the quality and affordability of housing and tenancies on the rental market for land.

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Review of Keynesian Economics

The Review of Keynesian Economics is a quarterly double-blind peer-reviewed academic journal covering Keynesian and Post-Keynesian economics, although it is also open to other heterodox traditions.

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Richard Gavin Reid

Richard Gavin "Dick" Reid (17 January 1879 – 17 October 1980) was a Canadian politician who served as the sixth Premier of Alberta from 1934 to 1935.

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Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn

Richard Ferdinand Kahn, Baron Kahn, CBE, FBA (10 August 1905 – 6 June 1989) was a British economist.

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Richard Timberlake

Richard H. Timberlake, Jr. (born June 24, 1922) is an American economist who was Professor of Economics at the University of Georgia for much of his career.

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Right-libertarianism

Right-libertarianism (or right-wing libertarianism) refers to libertarian political philosophies that advocate negative rights, natural law and a major reversal of the modern welfare state.

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Rise of Neville Chamberlain

The early life, business career and political rise of Neville Chamberlain culminated on 28 May 1937, when he was summoned to Buckingham Palace to "kiss hands" and accept the office of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

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Robert Aaron Gordon

Robert Aaron Gordon (born Aaron Goldstein; July 26, 1908 – April 7, 1978) was an American economist.

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Robert Bryce

Robert Broughton Bryce, (February 27, 1910 – July 30, 1997) was a Canadian civil servant.

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Robert Eisner

Robert Eisner (January 17, 1922 – November 25, 1998) was an American author and William R. Kenan professor of economics at Northwestern University.

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Robert Lucas Jr.

Robert Emerson Lucas Jr. (born September 15, 1937) is an American economist at the University of Chicago.

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Robert W. Clower

Robert Wayne Clower (February 13, 1926 – May 2, 2011) was an American economist.

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Robin Hahnel

Robin Eric Hahnel (born March 25, 1946) is an American economist and professor of economics at Portland State University.

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Rockefeller Republican

The Rockefeller Republicans, also called Moderate or Liberal Republicans, were members of the Republican Party (GOP) in the 1930s–1970s who held moderate to liberal views on domestic issues, similar to those of Nelson Rockefeller, Governor of New York (1959–1973) and Vice President of the United States (1974–1977).

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Roger Backhouse (economist)

Roger E. Backhouse, FBA (born 1951) is a British economist and Professor of the History and Philosophy of Economics at the University of Birmingham.

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Roger Douglas

Sir Roger Owen Douglas (born 5 December 1937) is a retired New Zealand politician who served as a minister in two Labour governments.

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Roger Garrison

Roger Wayne Garrison (born 1944) is an American professor of economics at Auburn University, and an adjunct scholar of the Ludwig von Mises Institute.

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Rogernomics

The term Rogernomics, a portmanteau of "Roger" and "economics", was coined by journalists at the New Zealand Listener by analogy with Reaganomics to describe the neoliberal economic policies followed by Roger Douglas after his appointment in 1984 as Minister of Finance in the Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand.

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Roundaboutness

Roundaboutness, or roundabout methods of production, is the process whereby capital goods are produced first and then, with the help of the capital goods, the desired consumer goods are produced.

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Roy Harrod

Sir Henry Roy Forbes Harrod (13 February 1900 – 8 March 1978) was an English economist.

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Roy Jenkins

Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead, (11 November 1920 – 5 January 2003) was a British Labour Party, SDP and Liberal Democrat politician, and biographer of British political leaders.

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Rubinomics

Rubinomics, a portmanteau of Rubin and economics, was originally used to collectively describe the economic policies of President of the United States Bill Clinton.

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Said Gafurov

Gafurov (Gafourov), Said Zakirovich (born 1967) is a Russian economist, sociologist, orientalist, politician, bureaucrat and opera critic.

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Said Musa

Said Wilbert Musa (born 19 March 1944) is a Belizean lawyer and politician.

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Saltwater and freshwater economics

In economics, the freshwater school (or sometimes sweetwater school) comprises US-based macroeconomists who, in the early 1970s, challenged the prevailing consensus in macroeconomics research.

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Samuel Smiles

Samuel Smiles (23 December 1812 – 16 April 1904), was a Scottish author and government reformer who campaigned on a Chartist platform.

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Say's law

In classical economics, Say's law, or the law of markets, states that aggregate production necessarily creates an equal quantity of aggregate demand.

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Schools of economic thought

In the history of economic thought, a school of economic thought is a group of economic thinkers who share or shared a common perspective on the way economies work.

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Shadow Open Market Committee

The Shadow Open Market Committee (SOMC) is an independent group of economists, first organized in 1973 by Professors Karl Brunner, from the University of Rochester, and Allan Meltzer, from Carnegie Mellon University, to provide a monetarist alternative to the views on monetary policy and its inflation effects then prevailing at the Federal Reserve and within the economics profession.

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Sidney Holland

Sir Sidney George Holland (18 October 1893 – 5 August 1961) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 25th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 13 December 1949 to 20 September 1957.

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Simon Kuznets

Simon Smith Kuznets (p; April 30, 1901 – July 8, 1985) was a Russo-American economist and statistician who received the 1971 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences "for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development." Kuznets made a decisive contribution to the transformation of economics into an empirical science and to the formation of quantitative economic history.

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Social democracy

Social democracy is a political, social and economic ideology that supports economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and capitalist economy.

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Social Democratic Party (Portugal)

The Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) is a liberal-conservative and liberal political party in Portugal.

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Social Democratic Party of Germany

The Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD) is a social-democratic political party in Germany.

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Social right (political theory)

Social right is a right-wing political theory present in the European political spectrum, but mainly present in Italy.

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Social welfare model

A social welfare model is a system of social welfare provision and its accompanying value system.

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Socialism or Barbarism

Socialism or Barbarism is a book about globalism, U.S. socialism and capitalist systems by Hungarian Marxist philosopher and Professor Emeritus István Mészáros.

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Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)

Socialist Appeal is the publication of a Trotskyist tendency which was founded by supporters of Ted Grant and Alan Woods after they were expelled from the Militant group in the early 1990s.

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Socialist economics

Socialist economics refers to the economic theories, practices, and norms of hypothetical and existing socialist economic systems.

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Socialist Left (Germany)

The Socialist Left (Sozialistische Linke, SL) is a political caucus in the Left Party of Germany.

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Solow–Swan model

The Solow–Swan model is an economic model of long-run economic growth set within the framework of neoclassical economics.

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Special Relationship

The Special Relationship is an unofficial term for the political, diplomatic, cultural, economic, military, and historical relations between the United Kingdom and the United States.

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Speculative demand for money

The speculative or asset demand for money is the demand for highly liquid financial assets — domestic money or foreign currency — that is not dictated by real transactions such as trade or consumption expenditure.

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Sporthotel Pontresina

The Sporthotel Pontresina was completed in 1881.

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St Albans (New Zealand electorate)

St Albans was a parliamentary electorate in Christchurch, New Zealand from 1881 to 1890, then from 1946 to 1996.

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Stagflation

In economics, stagflation, a portmanteau of stagnation and inflation, is a situation in which the inflation rate is high, the economic growth rate slows, and unemployment remains steadily high.

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Steady-state economy

A steady-state economy is an economy consisting of a constant stock of physical wealth (capital) and a constant population size.

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Stimulus (economics)

In economics, stimulus refers to attempts to use monetary or fiscal policy (or stabilization policy in general) to stimulate the economy.

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Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate

The Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate discusses various actions and proposals by economists, government officials, journalists, and business leaders to address the subprime mortgage crisis and broader financial crisis of 2007–08.

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Supply and demand

In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market.

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Supply creates its own demand

"Supply creates its own demand" is the formulation of Say's law.

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Supply-side economics

Supply-side economics is a macroeconomic theory arguing that economic growth can be most effectively created by lowering taxes and decreasing regulation.

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Sussex

Sussex, from the Old English Sūþsēaxe (South Saxons), is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex.

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Swedish Social Democratic Party

The Swedish Social Democratic Party (Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti, SAP; literally, "Social Democratic Workers' Party of Sweden"), contesting elections as the Arbetarepartiet–Socialdemokraterna ('The Workers' Party – The Social Democrats'), usually referred to just as the 'Social Democrats' (Socialdemokraterna); is the oldest and largest political party in Sweden.

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Taylor contract (economics)

The Taylor contract or staggered contract was first formulated by John B. Taylor in his two articles, in 1979 "Staggered wage setting in a macro model'.

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Technological unemployment

Technological unemployment is the loss of jobs caused by technological change.

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Ted Theodore

Edward Granville Theodore (29 December 1884 – 9 February 1950), nicknamed Red Ted, was an Australian politician who served as Premier of Queensland from 1919 to 1925, as leader of the state Labor Party.

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Tendency of the rate of profit to fall

The tendency of the rate of profit to fall (TRPF) is a hypothesis in economics and political economy, most famously expounded by Karl Marx in chapter 13 of Capital, Volume III.

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Tepper School of Business

The Tepper School of Business is the business school of Carnegie Mellon University.

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Thaksinomics

Thaksinomics (a portmanteau of "Thaksin" and "economics") is a term used to refer to the economic set of policies of Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand from 2001–2006.

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Thatcherism

Thatcherism describes the conviction, economic, social and political style of the British Conservative Party politician Margaret Thatcher, who was leader of her party from 1975 to 1990.

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The Commanding Heights

The Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy is a book by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw, first published as The Commanding Heights: The Battle Between Government and the Marketplace That Is Remaking the Modern World in 1998.

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The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

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The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money of 1936 is the last and most important book by the English economist John Maynard Keynes.

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The Keynes Solution

The Keynes Solution: The Path to Global Economic Prosperity is a nonfiction work by Paul Davidson about The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money by John Maynard Keynes.

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The Left (Germany)

The Left (Die Linke), also commonly referred to as the Left Party (die Linkspartei), is a democratic socialist political party in Germany.

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The Maritimes

The Maritimes, also called the Maritime provinces (Provinces maritimes) or the Canadian Maritimes, is a region of Eastern Canada consisting of three provinces: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island (PEI).

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The New New Deal

The New New Deal: The Hidden Story of Change in the Obama Era is a 2012 book about the Obama administration and its response to the world financial crisis written by journalist Michael Grunwald.

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The Politically Incorrect Guide to Capitalism

The Politically Incorrect Guide to Capitalism is a 2007 book by Austrian school economist Robert P. Murphy.

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The Reformation in Economics

The Reformation in Economics is a book written by the Irish economist Philip Pilkington.

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Third National Government of New Zealand

The Third National Government of New Zealand (also known as the Muldoon government) was the government of New Zealand from 1975 to 1984.

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Third Way

The Third Way is a position akin to centrism that tries to reconcile right-wing and left-wing politics by advocating a varying synthesis of centre-right economic and centre-left social policies.

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Timeline of modern American conservatism

This timeline of modern American conservatism lists important events, developments, and occurrences which have significantly affected conservatism in the United States.

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Transactions demand

Transactions demand, in economic theory, specifically Keynesian economics, is one of the determinants of the demand for money, the others being asset demand and precautionary demand.

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Transfer payments multiplier

In Keynesian economics, the transfer payments multiplier (or transfer payment multiplier) is the multiple by which aggregate demand will increase when there is an increase in transfer payments (e.g. welfare spending, unemployment payments).

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Transformation in economics

Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.

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Treasury view

In macroeconomics, particularly in the history of economic thought, the Treasury view is the assertion that fiscal policy has no effect on the total amount of economic activity and unemployment, even during times of economic recession.

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Trickle-down economics

Trickle-down economics, also referred to as trickle-down theory, is an economic theory that advocates reducing taxes on businesses and the wealthy in society as a means to stimulate business investment in the short term and benefit society at large in the long term.

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Trickle-up effect

The trickle-up effect or fountain effect is an economic theory used to describe the overall ability of middle class people to drive and support the economy.

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Tu Youyou

Tu Youyou (born 30 December 1930) is a Chinese pharmaceutical chemist and educator.

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Types of socialism

Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.

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Underconsumption

In underconsumption theory in economics, recessions and stagnation arise due to inadequate consumer demand relative to the amount produced.

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Underemployment

Underemployment is the under-use of a worker due to a job that does not use the worker's skills, or is part time, or leaves the worker idle.

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Underemployment equilibrium

In Keynesian economics, underemployment equilibrium is a situation with a persistent shortfall relative to full employment and potential output so that unemployment is higher than at the NAIRU or the "natural" rate of unemployment.

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Unemployment

Unemployment is the situation of actively looking for employment but not being currently employed.

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Unemployment benefits in Sweden

Unemployment benefits in Sweden are payments made by the state or other authorized bodies to unemployed people.

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Unemployment in the United States

Unemployment in the United States discusses the causes and measures of U.S. unemployment and strategies for reducing it.

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United Kingdom government austerity programme

The United Kingdom government austerity programme is a fiscal policy undertaken in response to the Great Recession.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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United States federal budget

The United States federal budget comprises the spending and revenues of the U.S. federal government.

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Vuskovic plan

The Vuskovic Plan was the basis for the economic policy of the Popular Unity (UP) government of Chilean President Salvador Allende.

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Waddill Catchings

Waddill Catchings (September 6, 1879 – December 31, 1967) was an American economist who collaborated with his Harvard classmate William Trufant Foster in a series of economics books that were highly influential in the United States in the 1920s.

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Walras's law

Walras' law is a principle in general equilibrium theory asserting that budget constraints imply that the values of excess demand (or, conversely, excess market supplies) must sum to zero.

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Walter Heller

Walter Wolfgang Heller (27 August 1915 – 15 June 1987) was a leading American economist of the 1960s, and an influential adviser to President John F. Kennedy as chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, 1961–64.

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War

War is a state of armed conflict between states, societies and informal groups, such as insurgents and militias.

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Wartime Labour Relations Regulations

The Wartime Labour Relations Regulations, adopted by Order in Council P.C. 1003 on 17 February 1944, was a wartime measure introduced during World War II in Canada by the Liberal government of Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King.

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We are all Keynesians now

"We are all Keynesians now" is a famous phrase coined by Milton Friedman and attributed to U.S. president Richard Nixon.

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Wealth elasticity of demand

The wealth elasticity of demand, in microeconomics and macroeconomics, is the proportional change in the consumption of a good relative to a change in consumers' wealth (as distinct from changes in personal income).

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Welfare cost of business cycles

In macroeconomics, the cost of business cycles is the decrease in social welfare, if any, caused by business cycle fluctuations.

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Wesley Clair Mitchell

Wesley Clair Mitchell (August 5, 1874 – October 29, 1948) was an American economist known for his empirical work on business cycles and for guiding the National Bureau of Economic Research in its first decades.

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Westfailure

In 1999, International Relations scholar Susan Strange introduced the term "Westfailure" in her posthumously published article entitled The Westfailure System.

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Wilhelm Röpke

Wilhelm Röpke (October 10, 1899 – February 12, 1966) was Professor of Economics, first in Jena, then in Graz, Marburg, Istanbul, and finally Geneva, Switzerland, and one of the spiritual fathers of the social market economy, theorising and collaborating to organise the post-World War II economic re-awakening of the war-wrecked German economy, deploying a program sometimes referred to as the sociological neoliberalism (compared to ordoliberalism, a more sociologically inclined variant of German neoliberalism).

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Will Hutton

William Nicolas Hutton (born 21 May 1950) is a British political economist, academic administrator, and journalist.

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Willi Semmler

Willi Semmler is a German born American economist who currently teaches at The New School in New York.

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William Beveridge

William Henry Beveridge, 1st Baron Beveridge, (5 March 1879 – 16 March 1963) was a British economist who was a noted progressive and social reformer.

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William Lyon Mackenzie King

William Lyon Mackenzie King (December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950), also commonly known as Mackenzie King, was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s.

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William Phillips (economist)

Alban William Housego "A.

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William Trufant Foster

William Trufant Foster (January 18, 1879 – October 8, 1950), was an American educator and economist, whose theories were especially influential in the 1920s.

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Winnipeg Declaration

The Winnipeg Declaration (sometimes referred to as the Winnipeg Manifesto) was the programme adopted by the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in Canada to replace the Regina Manifesto.

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Yanis Varoufakis

Ioannis Georgiou "Yanis" Varoufakis (Ioánnis Georgíou "Giánis" Varoufákis,; born 24 March 1961) is a Greek economist, academic and politician, who served as the Greek Minister of Finance from January to July 2015, when he resigned.

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Zero interest-rate policy

Zero interest-rate policy (ZIRP) is a macroeconomic concept describing conditions with a very low nominal interest rate, such as those in contemporary Japan and December 2008 through December 2015 in the United States.

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Zoltan Acs

Zoltan J. Acs (born 1947) is an American economist.

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110 Propositions for France

110 Propositions for France (110 Propositions pour la France) was the name of the Socialist Party's program for the 1981 presidential election during which the Socialist Party's candidate, François Mitterrand, was elected by 51.76% of the people.

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1930s

The 1930s (pronounced "nineteen-thirties", commonly abbreviated as the "Thirties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1930, and ended on December 31, 1939.

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1960s

The 1960s (pronounced "nineteen-sixties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 1960, and ended on 31 December 1969.

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1970s

The 1970s (pronounced "nineteen-seventies", commonly abbreviated as the "Seventies") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979.

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1997 Asian financial crisis

The Asian financial crisis was a period of financial crisis that gripped much of East Asia beginning in July 1997 and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown due to financial contagion.

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2000s (decade)

The 2000s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 2000, and ended on December 31, 2009.

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2008–09 Keynesian resurgence

Following the global financial crisis of 2007–08, there was a worldwide resurgence of interest in Keynesian economics among prominent economists and policy makers.

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99ers

99ers is a colloquial term for unemployed people in the United States, mostly citizens, who have exhausted all of their unemployment benefits, including all unemployment extensions.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keynesian_economics

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