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35 relations: Basal ganglia, Braak staging, Brainstem, Compacta, Compartmental modelling of dendrites, Cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop, Dopamine, Dopamine transporter, Dopaminergic cell groups, Dopaminergic pathways, Globus pallidus, Habenula, List of regions in the human brain, Medium spiny neuron, Midbrain, Neuromelanin, Neurotransmitter, Nigrostriatal pathway, Parkin (ligase), Parkinson's disease, Pars reticulata, Pedunculopontine nucleus, Phenethylamine, Prefrontal cortex basal ganglia working memory, Primate basal ganglia, Reticular formation, Reward system, Rolf Hassler, Rostromedial tegmental nucleus, Striatum, Substantia nigra, Subthalamic nucleus, Torsin A, Vesicular monoamine transporter, Zona incerta.
Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) is a group of subcortical nuclei, of varied origin, in the brains of vertebrates including humans, which are situated at the base of the forebrain.
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Braak staging
Braak staging refers to two methods used to classify the degree of pathology in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
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Brainstem
The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord.
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Compacta
Compacta, a Latin adjective for compact, may refer to.
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Compartmental modelling of dendrites
Compartmental modelling of dendrites deals with multi-compartment modelling of the dendrites, to make the understanding of the electrical behavior of complex dendrites easier.
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Cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop
The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop (CBGTC) is a system of neural circuits in the brain that primarily consists of modulatory dopaminergic projections from the pars compacta of the substantia nigra, and ventral tegmental area as well as excitatory glutamatergic projections from the cortex to the striatum, where these projections form synapses with excitatory and inhibitory pathways that relay back to the cortex.
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Dopamine
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays several important roles in the brain and body.
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Dopamine transporter
The dopamine transporter (also dopamine active transporter, DAT, SLC6A3) is a membrane-spanning protein that pumps the neurotransmitter dopamine out of the synaptic cleft back into cytosol.
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Dopaminergic cell groups
Dopaminergic cell groups are collections of neurons in the central nervous system that synthesize the neurotransmitter dopamine.
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Dopaminergic pathways
Dopaminergic pathways, sometimes called dopaminergic projections, are the sets of projection neurons in the brain that synthesize and release the neurotransmitter dopamine.
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Globus pallidus
The globus pallidus (Latin for "pale globe") also known as paleostriatum or dorsal pallidum, is a subcortical structure of the brain.
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Habenula
In neuroanatomy, habenula (diminutive of Latin habena meaning rein) originally denoted the stalk of the pineal gland (pineal habenula; pedunculus of pineal body), but gradually came to refer to a neighboring group of nerve cells with which the pineal gland was believed to be associated, the habenular nucleus.
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List of regions in the human brain
The human brain anatomical regions are ordered following standard neuroanatomy hierarchies.
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Medium spiny neuron
Medium spiny neurons (MSNs), also known as spiny projection neurons, are a special type of GABAergic inhibitory cell representing 95% of neurons within the human striatum, a basal ganglia structure.
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Midbrain
The midbrain or mesencephalon (from Greek mesos 'middle', and enkephalos 'brain') is a portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.
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Neuromelanin
Neuromelanin (NM) is a dark pigment found in the brain which is structurally related to melanin.
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Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.
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Nigrostriatal pathway
The nigrostriatal pathway or the nigrostriatal bundle (NSB), is a dopaminergic pathway that connects the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) with the dorsal striatum (i.e., the caudate nucleus and putamen).
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Parkin (ligase)
Parkin is a 465-residue E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a critical role in ubiquitination- the process whereby molecules are covalently labelled with ubiquitin (Ub) and directed towards degradation in proteasomes or lysosomes.
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Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system.
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Pars reticulata
The pars reticulata is a portion of the substantia nigra.
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Pedunculopontine nucleus
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) (or pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, PPTN or PPTg) is a collection of neurons located in the upper pons in the brainstem.
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Phenethylamine
Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans.
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Prefrontal cortex basal ganglia working memory
Prefrontal cortex basal ganglia working memory (PBWM) is an algorithm that models working memory in the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia.
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Primate basal ganglia
The basal ganglia form a major brain system in all species of vertebrates, but in primates (including humans) there are special features that justify a separate consideration.
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Reticular formation
The reticular formation is a set of interconnected nuclei that are located throughout the brainstem.
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Reward system
The reward system is a group of neural structures responsible for incentive salience (i.e., motivation and "wanting", desire, or craving for a reward), associative learning (primarily positive reinforcement and classical conditioning), and positive emotions, particularly ones which involve pleasure as a core component (e.g., joy, euphoria and ecstasy).
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Rolf Hassler
Rolf Hassler (1914–1984) was a German pathologist who made important discoveries on the pathophisiology and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Rostromedial tegmental nucleus
The rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), also known as the tail of the ventral tegmental area (tVTA), is a GABAergic nucleus which functions as a "master brake" for the midbrain dopamine system.
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Striatum
The striatum, or corpus striatum (also called the neostriatum and the striate nucleus) is a nucleus (a cluster of neurons) in the subcortical basal ganglia of the forebrain.
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Substantia nigra
The substantia nigra (SN) is a basal ganglia structure located in the midbrain that plays an important role in reward and movement.
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Subthalamic nucleus
The subthalamic nucleus is a small lens-shaped nucleus in the brain where it is, from a functional point of view, part of the basal ganglia system.
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Torsin A
Torsin-1A (TorA) also known as dystonia 1 protein (DYT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TOR1A gene (also known as DQ2 or DYT1).
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Vesicular monoamine transporter
The vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) is a transport protein integrated into the membrane of synaptic vesicles of presynaptic neurons.
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Zona incerta
The zona incerta is a horizontally elongated region of gray matter in the subthalamus below the thalamus.
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Redirects here:
Pars compacta substantiae nigrae, Substantia nigra pars compacta.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pars_compacta
