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Amnesty law

Index Amnesty law

An amnesty law is any law that retroactively exempts a select group of people, usually military leaders and government leaders, from criminal liability for crimes committed. [1]

115 relations: Accountability, Activism, Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, Alan Turing law, Alberto Fujimori, AlterNet, American Convention on Human Rights, Amnesty, Amnesty International, Apartheid, Armando Lambruschini, Augusto Pinochet, Baltasar Garzón, Basilio Lami Dozo, BBC, Belfast Guidelines on Amnesty and Accountability, Bernardo Leighton, Brazilian military government, Bush Doctrine, Carlos Altamirano, Carlos Menem, Central Intelligence Agency, Civil war, Command responsibility, Commanding officer, Constitutional law, Counter-insurgency, Coup d'état, Crimes against humanity, Criminal justice, Criminal law, Emilio Eduardo Massera, England and Wales, English Civil War, Equipo Nizkor, Ernesto Sabato, EurasiaNet, Ex post facto law, Extradition, FindLaw, Francisco Franco, Full stop law, Genocide, Hezbollah, Human rights, Human Rights Watch, Humanitarian Law Project, Impunity, Indemnity and Oblivion Act, Inter Press Service, ..., Inter-American Court of Human Rights, International Center for Transitional Justice, International Criminal Court, International humanitarian law, International law, Interrogation, John Dean, Jorge Anaya, Jorge Rafael Videla, Joseph Kabila, Juan Guzmán Tapia, Jurisprudence, Justice, Law of Due Obedience, Lebanese Armed Forces, Leopoldo Galtieri, Life imprisonment, Michael Townley, Military Commissions Act of 2006, Militia, Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, NACLA Report on the Americas, Nat Hentoff, National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons, National Reorganization Process, Omar Graffigna, Orlando Ramón Agosti, Pardon, Peru, Police, Policing and Crime Act 2017, Political violence, Presidency of George W. Bush, Propaganda Due, Prosecutor, Raúl Alfonsín, Rebellion, Restoration (England), Revolution, Revolutionary United Front, Roberto Eduardo Viola, Sexual Offences Act 1967, Socialist Party of Chile, South Africa, Spanish 1977 Amnesty Law, Stefano Delle Chiaie, Supreme Court of Argentina, The Boston Globe, The Nation, The Village Voice, Transitional justice, Transitional Justice Institute, Treaty, Trial of the Juntas, Truth, Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa), United States, United States Army, United States military seniority, Universal jurisdiction, Unlawful combatant, Virgilio Paz Romero, War crime, War Crimes Act of 1996, War on Terror. Expand index (65 more) »

Accountability

In ethics and governance, accountability is answerability, blameworthiness, liability, and the expectation of account-giving.

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Activism

Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental reform or stasis with the desire to make improvements in society.

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Ahmad Tejan Kabbah

Alhaji Ahmad Tejan Kabbah (February 16, 1932 – March 13, 2014) was the third President of Sierra Leone, serving from 1996 to 1997 and again from 1998 to 2007.

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Alan Turing law

The "Alan Turing law" is an informal term for the law in the United Kingdom, contained in the Policing and Crime Act 2017, which serves as an amnesty law to pardon men who were cautioned or convicted under historical legislation that outlawed homosexual acts.

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Alberto Fujimori

Alberto Kenya Fujimori Fujimori (born 26 July 1938 or 4 August 1938) is a Peruvian former politician who served as the President of Peru from 28 July 1990 to 22 November 2000.

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AlterNet

AlterNet is a progressive news magazine owned by AlterNet Media, Inc.

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American Convention on Human Rights

The American Convention on Human Rights, also known as the Pact of San José, is an international human rights instrument.

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Amnesty

Amnesty (from the Greek ἀμνηστία amnestia, "forgetfulness, passing over") is defined as: "A pardon extended by the government to a group or class of people, usually for a political offense; the act of a sovereign power officially forgiving certain classes of people who are subject to trial but have not yet been convicted." It includes more than pardon, inasmuch as it obliterates all legal remembrance of the offense.

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Amnesty International

Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a London-based non-governmental organization focused on human rights.

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Apartheid

Apartheid started in 1948 in theUnion of South Africa |year_start.

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Armando Lambruschini

Armando Lambruschini (June 15, 1924 – August 15, 2004) was an admiral in the Argentine Navy.

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Augusto Pinochet

Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (25 November 1915 – 10 December 2006) was a Chilean general, politician and the dictator of Chile between 1973 and 1990 who remained the Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army until 1998 and was also President of the Government Junta of Chile between 1973 and 1981.

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Baltasar Garzón

Baltasar Garzón Real (born 26 October 1955) is a Spanish jurist.

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Basilio Lami Dozo

Brigadier General Basilio Arturo Ignacio Lami Dozo (1 February 1929 – 1 February 2017) was a member of the Argentine Air Force.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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Belfast Guidelines on Amnesty and Accountability

The Belfast Guidelines is a project led by Professor Louise Mallinder and Prof Tom Hadden of the Transitional Justice Institute.

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Bernardo Leighton

Bernardo Leighton Guzmán (August 16, 1909, Nacimiento, Bío Bío Province – January 26, 1995, Santiago) was a Chilean Christian Democratic Party politician and lawyer.

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Brazilian military government

The Brazilian military government was the authoritarian military dictatorship that ruled Brazil from April 1, 1964 to March 15, 1985.

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Bush Doctrine

The Bush Doctrine refers to various related foreign policy principles of the 43rd President of the United States, George W. Bush.

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Carlos Altamirano

Carlos Altamirano Orrego (born December 18, 1922) is a lawyer and one of the most influential politicians of Chilean socialism.

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Carlos Menem

Carlos Saúl Menem Akil (born July 2, 1930) is an Argentine politician who was President of Argentina from July 8, 1989 to December 10, 1999.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Civil war

A civil war, also known as an intrastate war in polemology, is a war between organized groups within the same state or country.

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Command responsibility

Command responsibility, sometimes referred to as the Yamashita standard or the Medina standard, and also known as superior responsibility, is the legal doctrine of hierarchical accountability for war crimes.

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Commanding officer

The commanding officer (CO) or, if the incumbent is a general officer, commanding general (CG), is the officer in command of a military unit.

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Constitutional law

Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizens and, in federal countries such as the United States and Canada, the relationship between the central government and state, provincial, or territorial governments.

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Counter-insurgency

A counter-insurgency or counterinsurgency (COIN) can be defined as "comprehensive civilian and military efforts taken to simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root causes".

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Coup d'état

A coup d'état, also known simply as a coup, a putsch, golpe de estado, or an overthrow, is a type of revolution, where the illegal and overt seizure of a state by the military or other elites within the state apparatus occurs.

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Crimes against humanity

Crimes against humanity are certain acts that are deliberately committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack or individual attack directed against any civilian or an identifiable part of a civilian population.

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Criminal justice

Criminal justice is the delivery of justice to those who have committed crimes.

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Criminal law

Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime.

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Emilio Eduardo Massera

Emilio Eduardo Massera (October 19, 1925 – November 8, 2010) was an Argentine Naval military officer, and a leading participant in the Argentine coup d'état of 1976.

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England and Wales

England and Wales is a legal jurisdiction covering England and Wales, two of the four countries of the United Kingdom.

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English Civil War

The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") over, principally, the manner of England's governance.

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Equipo Nizkor

---- Equipo Nizkor (from the Hebrew נִזְכּוֹר, "we will remember") is a human rights NGO concerned mostly about events in Latin America, but also Europe.

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Ernesto Sabato

Ernesto Sabato (June 24, 1911 – April 30, 2011) was an Argentine writer, painter and physicist.

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EurasiaNet

EurasiaNet is a website providing news, information and analysis focused on countries in Central Asia, the Caucasus region, Russia and Southwest Asia.

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Ex post facto law

An ex post facto law (corrupted from) is a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences (or status) of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law.

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Extradition

Extradition is the act by one jurisdiction of delivering a person who has been accused of committing a crime in another jurisdiction or has been convicted of a crime in that other jurisdiction into the custody of a law enforcement agency of that other jurisdiction.

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FindLaw

FindLaw is a business of Thomson Reuters that provides online legal information and online marketing services for law firms.

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Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939, after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975.

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Full stop law

The Full stop law, Ley de Punto Final, was passed by the National Congress of Argentina in 1986, three years after the end of the military dictatorship of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (1976 to 1983) and restoration of democracy.

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Genocide

Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people (usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group) in whole or in part.

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Hezbollah

Hezbollah (pronounced; حزب الله, literally "Party of Allah" or "Party of God")—also transliterated Hizbullah, Hizballah, etc.

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Human rights

Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.

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Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

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Humanitarian Law Project

The Humanitarian Law Project (founded 1985) is a U.S.-based non-profit organization, working to protect human rights and promote "the peaceful resolution of conflict by using established international human rights laws and humanitarian law." The organization was the named party and lead plaintiff in the Supreme Court of the United States case of Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project, 130 S. Ct.

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Impunity

Impunity means "exemption from punishment or loss or escape from fines".

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Indemnity and Oblivion Act

The Indemnity and Oblivion Act 1660 is an Act of the Parliament of England (12 Cha. II c. 11), the long title of which is "An Act of Free and General Pardon, Indemnity, and Oblivion".

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Inter Press Service

Inter Press Service (IPS) is a global news agency.

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Inter-American Court of Human Rights

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights is an autonomous judicial institution based in the city of San José, Costa Rica.

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International Center for Transitional Justice

The International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ) was founded in 2001 as a non-profit organization dedicated to pursuing accountability for mass atrocity and human rights abuse through transitional justice mechanisms.

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International Criminal Court

The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands.

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International humanitarian law

International humanitarian law (IHL) is the law that regulates the conduct of war (jus in bello).

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International law

International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations.

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Interrogation

Interrogation (also called questioning) is interviewing as commonly employed by law enforcement officers, military personnel, and intelligence agencies with the goal of eliciting useful information.

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John Dean

John Wesley Dean III (born October 14, 1938) is an investment banker, author, columnist, lecturer, and attorney who served as White House Counsel for United States President Richard Nixon from July 1970 until April 1973.

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Jorge Anaya

Admiral Jorge Isaac Anaya (27 September 1926 – 9 January 2008) was a former Commander-in-Chief of the Argentine Navy.

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Jorge Rafael Videla

Jorge Rafael Videla (2 August 1925 – 17 May 2013) was a senior commander in the Argentine Army and dictator of Argentina from 1976 to 1981.

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Joseph Kabila

Joseph Kabila Kabange (born 4 June 1971) is a Congolese politician who has been President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since January 2001.

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Juan Guzmán Tapia

Juan Salvador Guzmán Tapia (born April 22, 1939) is a retired Chilean judge.

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Jurisprudence

Jurisprudence or legal theory is the theoretical study of law, principally by philosophers but, from the twentieth century, also by social scientists.

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Justice

Justice is the legal or philosophical theory by which fairness is administered.

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Law of Due Obedience

The Law of Due Obedience (Ley de obediencia debida) was a law passed by the National Congress of Argentina after the end of the military dictatorship of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (which started with a coup d'état in 1976 and ended in 1983).

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Lebanese Armed Forces

The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) (Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية | Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya) or Forces Armées Libanaises (FAL) in French, also known as the Lebanese Army (Arabic: الجيش اللبناني or "Armée libanaise" in French), is the military of the Lebanese Republic.

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Leopoldo Galtieri

Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri Castelli (15 July 1926 12 January 2003) was an Argentine general and President of Argentina from 22 December 1981 to 18 June 1982, during the last military dictatorship (known officially as the National Reorganization Process).

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Life imprisonment

Life imprisonment (also known as imprisonment for life, life in prison, a life sentence, a life term, lifelong incarceration, life incarceration or simply life) is any sentence of imprisonment for a crime under which convicted persons are to remain in prison either for the rest of their natural life or until paroled.

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Michael Townley

Michael Vernon Townley (born December 5, 1942) is a former agent of the Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional currently living under terms of the US federal witness protection program.

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Military Commissions Act of 2006

The United States Military Commissions Act of 2006, also known as HR-6166, was an Act of Congress signed by President George W. Bush on October 17, 2006.

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Militia

A militia is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a nation, or subjects of a state, who can be called upon for military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel, or historically, members of a warrior nobility class (e.g., knights or samurai).

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Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo

The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo (Asociación Madres de Plaza de Mayo) is an association of Argentine mothers whose children "disappeared" during the state terrorism of the military dictatorship, between 1976 and 1983.

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NACLA Report on the Americas

NACLA Report on the Americas is a political magazine produced by the North American Congress on Latin America.

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Nat Hentoff

Nathan Irving "Nat" Hentoff (June 10, 1925 – January 7, 2017) was an American historian, novelist, jazz and country music critic, and syndicated columnist for United Media.

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National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons

National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons (Spanish: Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas, CONADEP) was an Argentine organization created by President Raúl Alfonsín on 15 December 1983, shortly after his inauguration, to investigate the fate of the desaparecidos (victims of forced disappearance) and other human rights violations (see: Dirty War) performed during the military dictatorship known as the National Reorganization Process between 1976 and 1983.

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National Reorganization Process

The National Reorganization Process (Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, often simply el Proceso, "the Process") was the name used by its leaders for the military dictatorship that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983.

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Omar Graffigna

Omar Domingo Rubens Graffigna (born April 2, 1926) is a former Argentine Air Force officer who served in the second military junta of the National Reorganization Process dictatorship.

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Orlando Ramón Agosti

Orlando Ramón Agosti (22 August 1924 – 7 October 1997) was an Argentine general, Commander-in-Chief of the Argentine Air Force from 1976 to 1979.

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Pardon

A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be absolved of guilt for an alleged crime or other legal offense, as if the act never occurred.

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Peru

Peru (Perú; Piruw Republika; Piruw Suyu), officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America.

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Police

A police force is a constituted body of persons empowered by a state to enforce the law, to protect people and property, and to prevent crime and civil disorder.

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Policing and Crime Act 2017

The Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Political violence

Political violence is a broad term used to describe violence perpetrated by either persons or governments to achieve political goals.

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Presidency of George W. Bush

The presidency of George W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 2001, when George W. Bush was inaugurated as 43rd President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2009.

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Propaganda Due

Propaganda Due (P2) was a Masonic lodge under the Grand Orient of Italy, founded in 1945 that, by the time its Masonic charter was withdrawn in 1976, had transformed into a clandestine, pseudo-Masonic, ultraright organization operating in contravention of Article 18 of the Constitution of Italy that banned secret associations.

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Prosecutor

A prosecutor is a legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the common law adversarial system, or the civil law inquisitorial system.

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Raúl Alfonsín

Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín Foulkes (12 March 1927 – 31 March 2009) was an Argentine lawyer and statesman who served as the President of Argentina from 10 December 1983 to 8 July 1989.

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Rebellion

Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order.

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Restoration (England)

The Restoration of the English monarchy took place in the Stuart period.

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Revolution

In political science, a revolution (Latin: revolutio, "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolt against the government, typically due to perceived oppression (political, social, economic).

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Revolutionary United Front

Revolutionary United Front (RUF) was a rebel army that fought a failed eleven-year war in Sierra Leone, starting in 1991 and ending in 2002.

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Roberto Eduardo Viola

Roberto Eduardo Viola (October 13, 1924 – September 30, 1994) was an Argentine military officer who briefly served as president of Argentina from March 29 to December 11, 1981 as a military dictatorship.

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Sexual Offences Act 1967

The Sexual Offences Act 1967 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom (citation 1967 c. 60).

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Socialist Party of Chile

The Socialist Party of Chile (Partido Socialista de Chile, or PS) is a political party within the centre-left Nueva Mayoría.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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Spanish 1977 Amnesty Law

The Spanish 1977 Amnesty Law is a law promulgated by the Parliament of Spain in 1977, two years after caudillo Francisco Franco's death.

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Stefano Delle Chiaie

Stefano Delle Chiaie (born 13 September 1936 in Caserta) is a neofascist Italian activist (founder of ''Avanguardia Nazionale'', 1960, member of Ordine Nuovo, and founder of Lega nazionalpopolare, 1991).

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Supreme Court of Argentina

The Nation's Supreme Court of Justice (in Spanish, Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación) is the highest court of law of the Argentine Republic.

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The Boston Globe

The Boston Globe (sometimes abbreviated as The Globe) is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts, since its creation by Charles H. Taylor in 1872.

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The Nation

The Nation is the oldest continuously published weekly magazine in the United States, and the most widely read weekly journal of progressive political and cultural news, opinion, and analysis.

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The Village Voice

The Village Voice is an American news and culture paper, known for being the country's first alternative newsweekly.

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Transitional justice

Transitional justice consists of judicial and non-judicial measures implemented in order to redress legacies of human rights abuses.

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Transitional Justice Institute

The Ulster University's Transitional Justice Institute (TJI), is a law-led multidisciplinary research institute of Ulster University which is physically located at the Jordanstown, and Magee campuses.

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Treaty

A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations.

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Trial of the Juntas

The Trial of the Juntas (Spanish, Juicio a las Juntas) was the judicial trial of the members of the de facto military government that ruled Argentina during the dictatorship of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (el proceso), which lasted from 1976 to 1983.

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Truth

Truth is most often used to mean being in accord with fact or reality, or fidelity to an original or standard.

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Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was a court-like restorative justice body assembled in South Africa after the end of apartheid.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Army

The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

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United States military seniority

United States military seniority is the method by which the United States Armed Forces determine precedence among commissioned officers, in particular those who hold the same rank.

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Universal jurisdiction

Universal jurisdiction allows states or international organizations to claim criminal jurisdiction over an accused person regardless of where the alleged crime was committed, and regardless of the accused's nationality, country of residence, or any other relation with the prosecuting entity.

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Unlawful combatant

An unlawful combatant, illegal combatant or unprivileged combatant/belligerent is a person who directly engages in armed conflict in violation of the laws of war.

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Virgilio Paz Romero

Virgilio Pablo Paz Romero (born November 20, 1951) is a Cuban exile and militant who was involved in the 1976 assassination of former Chilean ambassador Orlando Letelier in Washington, D.C. Paz Romero was one of two people accused of detonating a remote-controlled car bomb that killed Letelier and a colleague in Washington's Sheridan Circle.

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War crime

A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.

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War Crimes Act of 1996

The War Crimes Act of 1996 is a law that defines a war crime to include a "grave breach of the Geneva Conventions", specifically noting that "grave breach" should have the meaning defined in any convention (related to the laws of war) to which the United States is a party.

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War on Terror

The War on Terror, also known as the Global War on Terrorism, is an international military campaign that was launched by the United States government after the September 11 attacks in the United States in 2001.

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Redirects here:

Amnesty Law, Retroactive immunity, Retroactive legal immunity.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty_law

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