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355 relations: A Vlaicu III, Académie française, Adina Pintilie, Alexandru Dragomir, Alexandru Odobescu, Amza Pellea, Ancient Rome, Andrei Codrescu, Andrei Șaguna, Andrei Mureșanu, Andrei Pleșu, Anghel Saligny, Anton Pann, Armenians, Aromanians, Asociația Transilvană pentru Literatura Română și Cultura Poporului Român, Aspic, ASTRA National Museum Complex, Aurel Persu, Aurel Vlaicu, Badea Cârțan, Balaur, Balkans, Barbu Ștefănescu Delavrancea, Beef, Beer, Berlin Philharmonic, Bible, Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, Brașov, Bucharest, Bucharest Bible of 1688, Buftea, Byzantine art, Byzantine Empire, Byzantium after Byzantium, C. A. 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A Vlaicu III
The A Vlaicu III was the world's first metal-built aircraft designed and built in Romania prior to World War I. It was the third powered aircraft designed by pioneering Romanian aviator Aurel Vlaicu.
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Académie française
The Académie française is the pre-eminent French council for matters pertaining to the French language.
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Adina Pintilie
Adina Pintilie (born 12 January 1980) is a Romanian film director and screenwriter.
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Alexandru Dragomir
Alexandru Dragomir (November 8, 1916 in Zalău – November 13, 2002 in Bucharest) was a Romanian philosopher.
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Alexandru Odobescu
Alexandru Ioan Odobescu (23 June 1834 – 10 November 1895) was a Romanian author, archaeologist and politician.
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Amza Pellea
Amza Pellea (7 April 1931 – 12 December 1983) was a Romanian actor noted for playing Romanian national heroes on film.
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Ancient Rome
In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.
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Andrei Codrescu
Andrei Codrescu (born December 20, 1946) is a Romanian-American poet, novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and commentator for National Public Radio.
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Andrei Șaguna
Andrei Șaguna (20 January 1809, Miskolc, Hungary – 28 June 1873, Nagyszeben, Hungary) was a Metropolitan bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church in Transylvania, and one of the Romanian community political leaders in the Habsburg Monarchy, especially active during the 1848 Revolution.
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Andrei Mureșanu
Andrei Mureșanu (November 16, 1816 in Bistrița – October 12, 1863 in Brașov) was a Romanian poet and revolutionary of Transylvania (then in the Habsburg Monarchy).
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Andrei Pleșu
Andrei Gabriel Pleșu (born 23 August 1948) is a Romanian philosopher, essayist, journalist, literary and art critic.
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Anghel Saligny
Anghel Saligny (19 April 1854, Șerbănești, Moldavia – 17 June 1925, Bucharest, Romania) was a Romanian engineer, most famous for designing the Feteşti-Cernavodă railway bridge (1895) over the Danube, the longest bridge in Europe at that time.
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Anton Pann
Anton Pann (born Antonie Pantoleon-Petroveanu, and also mentioned as Anton Pantoleon or Petrovici; 1790s—2 November 1854) was an Ottoman-born Wallachian composer, musicologist, and Romanian-language poet, also noted for his activities as a printer, translator, and schoolteacher.
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Armenians
Armenians (հայեր, hayer) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian Highlands.
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Aromanians
The Aromanians (Rrãmãnj, Armãnj; Aromâni) are a Latin European ethnic group native to the Balkans, traditionally living in northern and central Greece, central and southern Albania, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo and south-western Bulgaria.
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Asociația Transilvană pentru Literatura Română și Cultura Poporului Român
Asociaţia Transilvană pentru Literatura Română şi Cultura Poporului Român (abbreviated ASTRA; in English, The Transylvanian Association for Romanian Literature and the Culture of the Romanian People) is a cultural association founded in 1861 in Sibiu.
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Aspic
Aspic is a dish in which ingredients are set into a gelatin made from a meat stock or consommé.
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ASTRA National Museum Complex
"ASTRA" National Museum Complex (Complexul Naţional Muzeal "ASTRA") is a museum complex in Sibiu, Romania, which gathers under the same authority four ethnology and civilisation museums in the city, a series of laboratories for conservation and research, and a documentation centre.
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Aurel Persu
Aurel Perșu (26 December 1890 – 5 May 1977) was a Romanian engineer and pioneer car designer, the first to place the wheels inside the body of the car as part of his attempt to reach the perfect aerodynamic shape for automobiles.
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Aurel Vlaicu
Aurel Vlaicu (November 19, 1882 – September 13, 1913) was a Romanian engineer, inventor, airplane constructor and early pilot.
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Badea Cârțan
Badea Cârțan (roughly: Brother Cârțan – the common nickname of Gheorghe Cârțan; 24 January 1849 – 7 August 1911) was a self-taught ethnic Romanian shepherd who fought for the independence of the Romanians of Transylvania (then under Hungarian rule inside Austria-Hungary), distributing Romanian-language books that he secretly brought from Romania to their villages.
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Balaur
A balaur is a creature in Romanian folklore, similar to a European dragon.
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Balkans
The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.
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Barbu Ștefănescu Delavrancea
Barbu Ştefănescu Delavrancea; pen name of Barbu Ștefan; April 11, 1858 in Bucharest – April 29, 1918 in Iași) was a Romanian writer and poet, considered one of the greatest figures in the National awakening of Romania.
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Beef
Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle, particularly skeletal muscle.
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Beer
Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.
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Berlin Philharmonic
The Berlin Philharmonic (Berliner Philharmoniker) is a German orchestra based in Berlin.
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Bible
The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.
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Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra
The Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra (BSO) is an English orchestra with a remit to serve the South and South West of England.
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Brașov
Brașov (Corona, Kronstadt, Transylvanian Saxon: Kruhnen, Brassó) is a city in Romania and the administrative centre of Brașov County.
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Bucharest
Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre.
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Bucharest Bible of 1688
The Bucharest Bible (Biblia de la București; also known as the Cantacuzino Bible) was the first complete translation of the Bible into the Romanian language, published in Bucharest in 1688.
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Buftea
Buftea is a town in Ilfov County, Romania, located 20 km north-west of Bucharest.
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Byzantine art
Byzantine art is the name for the artistic products of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Byzantium after Byzantium
Byzantium after Byzantium (Bizanţ după Bizanţ in Romanian; Byzance après Byzance in French) is a 1935 book by the Romanian historian Nicolae Iorga, which gave its name to a national cultural movement.
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C. A. Rosetti
Constantin Alexandru Rosetti (2 June 1816 – 8 April 1885) was a Romanian literary and political leader, born in Bucharest into the Princely Rosetti family.
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Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.
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Calistrat Hogaș
Calistrat Hogaș (born Calistrat Dumitriu; April 19, 1848 – August 28, 1917) was a Moldavian, later Romanian prose writer.
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Camil Petrescu
Camil Petrescu (22 April 1894 – 14 May 1957; born and died in Bucharest) was a Romanian playwright, novelist, philosopher and poet.
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Camil Ressu
Camil Ressu (28 January 1880 – 1 April 1962) was a Romanian painter and academic, one of the most significant art figures of Romania.
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Cannes Film Festival
The Cannes Festival (Festival de Cannes), named until 2002 as the International Film Festival (Festival international du film) and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries from all around the world.
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Carol I of Romania
Carol I (20 April 1839 – 27 September (O.S.) / 10 October (N.S.) 1914), born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to 1914.
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Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains). They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of brown bears, wolves, chamois, and lynxes, with the highest concentration in Romania, as well as over one third of all European plant species.
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Catechism
A catechism (from κατηχέω, "to teach orally") is a summary or exposition of doctrine and serves as a learning introduction to the Sacraments traditionally used in catechesis, or Christian religious teaching of children and adult converts.
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Caucasus
The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.
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Călin Peter Netzer
Călin Peter Netzer (born 1 May 1975) is a Romanian film director who won Golden Bear at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival.
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Călușari
The Călușari (калушари, русалии; русалии) were the members of a Romanian fraternal secret society who practiced a ritual acrobatic dance known as the căluș.
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Căpcăun
A Căpcăun is a creature in Romanian folklore, depicted as an ogre who kidnaps children or young ladies (mostly princesses).
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Cell biology
Cell biology (also called cytology, from the Greek κυτος, kytos, "vessel") is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell, the basic unit of life.
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Chardonnay
Chardonnay is a green-skinned grape variety used in the production of white wine.
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Christmas
Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ,Martindale, Cyril Charles.
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Christmas carol
A Christmas carol (also called a noël, from the French word meaning "Christmas") is a carol (song or hymn) whose lyrics are on the theme of Christmas, and which is traditionally sung on Christmas itself or during the surrounding holiday season.
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Chronicle
A chronicle (chronica, from Greek χρονικά, from χρόνος, chronos, "time") is a historical account of facts and events ranged in chronological order, as in a time line.
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Churches of Moldavia
The eight Romanian Orthodox Churches of Moldavia are located in Suceava County, northern Moldavia, and were built approximately between 1487 and 1583.
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Cinema of Romania
The cinema of Romania is the art of motion-picture making within the nation of Romania or by Romanian filmmakers abroad.
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Ciorbă
Ciorbă, from Persian shorba (شوربا) is a general Romanian word describing sour soups consisting of various vegetables and meat.
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Ciorbă de perișoare
Ciorbă de perișoare is a Romanian traditional sour soup with meatballs.
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Ciprian Porumbescu
Ciprian Porumbescu (born Ciprian Gołęmbiowski on October 14, 1853 – June 6, 1883) was a Romanian composer born in Șipotele Sucevei in Bukovina (now Shepit, Putyla Raion, Ukraine).
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Cluj-Napoca
Cluj-Napoca (Klausenburg; Kolozsvár,; Medieval Latin: Castrum Clus, Claudiopolis; and קלויזנבורג, Kloiznburg), commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth most populous city in Romania, and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country.
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Cobza
The cobza (also cobsa, kobuza, kobuz, coboz or koboz) is a multi-stringed instrument of the lute family of folk origin popular in Romanian and Moldovan folklore (it is considered the oldest accompaniment instrument in the region).
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Colindă
Colindă (pl. colinde; also colind, pl. colinduri) are traditional Romanian Christmas carols.
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Constantin Brâncoveanu
Constantin Brâncoveanu (1654 – August 15, 1714) was Prince of Wallachia between 1688 and 1714.
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Constantin Brâncuși
Constantin Brâncuși (February 19, 1876 – March 16, 1957) was a Romanian sculptor, painter and photographer who made his career in France.
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Constantin Dimitrescu
Constantin Dimitrescu (19 March 1847 in Blejoi, Romania – 9 May 1928) was a Romanian classic composer and music teacher, one of the most prominent representatives of the late Romantic period.
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Constantin Noica
Constantin Noica (– 4 December 1987) was a Romanian philosopher, essayist and poet.
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Constantin Silvestri
Constantin-Nicolae Silvestri (31 May 1913, Bucharest – 23 February 1969, London) was a Romanian conductor and composer.
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Cornmeal
Cornmeal is a meal (coarse flour) ground from dried maize (corn).
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Covrigi
Covrigi are Romanian baked goods similar to pretzels.
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CowParade
CowParade is an international public art exhibit that has been featured in major world cities.
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Cozonac
Cozonac or Kozunak (козунак), is a traditional Bulgarian and Romanian sweet leavened bread, which is a type of Stollen.
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Cristi Puiu
Cristi Puiu (born 3 April 1967) is a Romanian film director and screenwriter.
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Cristian Mungiu
Cristian Mungiu (born 27 April 1968) is a Romanian filmmaker, winner of the Palme d'Or in 2007.
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Culture of Europe
The culture of Europe is rooted in the art, architecture, music, literature, and philosophy that originated from the continent of Europe.
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Culture of Moldova
The culture of Moldova is influenced primarily by the Romanian origins of its majority population, being heavily indebted to classical Romanian culture.
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Curtea de Argeș Cathedral
The Cathedral of Curtea de Argeș (early 16th century) is a Romanian Orthodox cathedral in Curtea de Argeș, Romania.
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Cyrillic script
The Cyrillic script is a writing system used for various alphabets across Eurasia (particularity in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and North Asia).
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Dada
Dada or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, with early centers in Zürich, Switzerland, at the Cabaret Voltaire (circa 1916); New York Dada began circa 1915, and after 1920 Dada flourished in Paris.
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Dan Pița
Dan Pița (born 11 October 1938 in Dorohoi, Botoșani County, Romania) is a Romanian film director and screenwriter.
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Dance
Dance is a performing art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement.
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Danube Delta
The Danube Delta (Delta Dunării; Дельта Дунаю, Deľta Dunayu) is the second largest river delta in Europe, after the Volga Delta, and is the best preserved on the continent.
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Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1789
The Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1789 (Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen de 1789), set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution.
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Deșteaptă-te, române!
“Deșteaptă-te, române!” (variously translated as “Awaken thee, Romanian!”, “Awaken, Romanian!”, or “Wake up, Romanian!”) is the national anthem of Romania.
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Demography of the Roman Empire
Demographically, the Roman Empire was an ordinary premodern state.
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Diaspora
A diaspora (/daɪˈæspərə/) is a scattered population whose origin lies in a separate geographic locale.
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Dilema veche
Dilema veche (English: "Old Dilemma") is a Romanian weekly magazine that covers culture, social topics, and politics.
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Dimitrie Cantemir
Dimitrie or Demetrius Cantemir (1673–1723), also known by other spellings, was a Moldavian soldier, statesman, and man of letters.
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Dimitrie Gusti
Dimitrie Gusti (13 February 1880 – 30 October 1955) was a Romanian sociologist, ethnologist, historian, and voluntarist philosopher; a professor at the University of Iaşi and the University of Bucharest, he served as Romania's Minister of Education in 1932-1933.
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Dimitrie Gusti National Village Museum
The Village Museum (Muzeul Satului in Romanian) is an open-air ethnographic museum located in the Herăstrău Park (Bucharest, Romania), showcasing traditional Romanian village life.
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Dinu Lipatti
Dinu Constantin Lipatti (2 December 1950) was a Romanian classical pianist and composer whose career was cut short by his death from causes related to Hodgkin's disease at age 33.
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Dobruja
Dobruja or Dobrudja (Добруджа, transliterated: Dobrudzha or Dobrudža; Dobrogea or; Dobruca) is a historical region in Eastern Europe that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania.
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Dodola
Dodola (also spelled Doda, Dudulya and Didilya, pronounced: doh-doh-la, doo-doo-lya, or dee-dee-lya) also known under the names Paparuda, Perperuna or Preperuša is a pagan tradition found in the Balkans.
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Doina
The Doina is a Romanian musical tune style, possibly with Middle Eastern roots, customary in Romanian peasant music, as well as in Lăutărească.
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Dosoftei
Dimitrie Barilă, better known under his monastical name Dosoftei (October 26, 1624—December 13, 1693), was a Moldavian Metropolitan, scholar, poet and translator.
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Dramaturgy
The word Dramaturgy, is from the greek δραματουργέιν 'to write a drama'.
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Drob
Drob, fully named Drob de Miel (Lamb Drob) or Drob de Paste (Easter Drob) is a traditional Romanian dish, similar to a haggis, usually served at the Easter table.
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Duiliu Zamfirescu
Duiliu Zamfirescu (30 October 1858 – 3 June 1922) was a Romanian novelist, poet, short story writer, lawyer, nationalist politician, journalist, diplomat and memoirist.
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Dumitru Stăniloae
Dumitru Stăniloae (– 5 October 1993) was a Romanian Orthodox Christian priest, theologian and professor.
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Easter
Easter,Traditional names for the feast in English are "Easter Day", as in the Book of Common Prayer, "Easter Sunday", used by James Ussher and Samuel Pepys and plain "Easter", as in books printed in,, also called Pascha (Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial after his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary 30 AD.
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Eastern Christianity
Eastern Christianity consists of four main church families: the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox churches, the Eastern Catholic churches (that are in communion with Rome but still maintain Eastern liturgies), and the denominations descended from the Church of the East.
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Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.
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Elie Wiesel
Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel (’Ēlí‘ézer Vízēl; September 30, 1928 – July 2, 2016) was a Romanian-born American Jewish writer, professor, political activist, Nobel Laureate, and Holocaust survivor.
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Elisabeth of Wied
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise zu Wied (29 December 1843 – 2 March 1916) was the Queen consort of Romania as the wife of King Carol I of Romania, widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva.
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Emil Cioran
Emil Cioran (8 April 1911 – 20 June 1995) was a Romanian philosopher and essayist, who published works in both Romanian and French.
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Eugène Ionesco
Eugène Ionesco (born Eugen Ionescu,; 26 November 1909 – 28 March 1994) was a Romanian-French playwright who wrote mostly in French, and one of the foremost figures of the French Avant-garde theatre.
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Eugen Lovinescu
Eugen Lovinescu (31 October 1881 – 16 July 1943) was a Romanian modernist literary historian, literary critic, academic, and novelist, who in 1919 established the Sburătorul literary club.
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Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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European Capital of Culture
The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union (EU) for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong pan-European dimension.
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Expressionism
Expressionism was a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Șerban Cantacuzino
Șerban Cantacuzino (1640–1688) was a Prince of Wallachia between 1678 and 1688.
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Ștefan Iordache
Ştefan Iordache (3 February 1941 – 14 September 2008) was a Romanian actor.
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Ștefan Luchian
Ștefan Luchian (last name also spelled Lukian; 1 February 1868 – 28 June 1916) was a Romanian painter, famous for his landscapes and still life works.
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Ștefan Octavian Iosif
Ştefan Octavian Iosif (11 September 1875–22 June 1913) was a Romanian poet and translator of Aromanian origin.
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Făt-Frumos
Făt-Frumos (from Romanian făt: son, infant; frumos: handsome) is a knight hero in Romanian folklore, usually present in fairy tales.
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Folk music
Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival.
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Folklore of Romania
A feature of Romanian culture is the special relationship between folklore and the learned culture, determined by two factors.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Francisc Șirato
Francisc Şirato (August 15, 1877, Craiova - August 4, 1953, Bucharest) was a Romanian painter, graphic artist, art critic, and designer.
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Gabriel Liiceanu
Gabriel Liiceanu (b. May 23, 1942, Râmnicu-Vâlcea) is a Romanian philosopher.
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Genoa
Genoa (Genova,; Zêna; English, historically, and Genua) is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy.
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George Bacovia
George Bacovia (the pen name of Gheorghe Vasiliu; – 22 May 1957) was a Romanian symbolist poet.
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George Bariț
George Bariț (4 June 1812 – 2 May 1893), often rendered as George Barițiu, was a Romanian historian, philologist, playwright, politician, businessman and journalist, the founder of the Romanian language press in Transylvania.
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George Călinescu
George Călinescu (19 June 1899, Iași – 12 March 1965, Otopeni) was a Romanian literary critic, historian, novelist, academician and journalist, and a writer of classicist and humanist tendencies.
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George Coșbuc
George Coșbuc (20 September 1866 – 9 May 1918) was a Romanian poet, translator, teacher, and journalist, best remembered for his verses describing, praising and eulogizing rural life, its many travails but also its occasions for joy.
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George Constantinescu
George "Gogu" Constantinescu (first name's diminutive is Gogu, last name also Constantinesco; 4 October 1881 – 11 December 1965) was a Romanian scientist, engineer and inventor.
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George Emil Palade
George Emil Palade ForMemRS HonFRMS (November 19, 1912 – October 8, 2008) was a Romanian-American cell biologist.
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George Enescu
George Enescu (19 August 1881 – 4 May 1955), known in France as Georges Enesco, was a Romanian composer, violinist, pianist, conductor, and teacher.
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George Topîrceanu
George Topîrceanu (March 20, 1886 – May 7, 1937) was a Romanian poet, short story writer, and humourist.
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Germans
Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history.
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Germans of Romania
The Germans of Romania or Rumäniendeutsche are an ethnic group of Romania.
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Gheorghe Țițeica
Gheorghe Țițeica (4 October 1873 in Turnu Severin – 5 February 1939) publishing as George or Georges Tzitzeica) was a Romanian mathematician with important contributions in geometry. He is recognized as the founder of the Romanian school of differential geometry. He showed an early interest in science, as well as music and literature. Țițeica was an accomplished violinist, having studied music since childhood: music was to remain his hobby. While studying at the Carol I High School in Craiova, he contributed to the school's magazine, writing the columns on mathematics and studies of literary critique. After graduation, he obtained a scholarship at the preparatory school in Bucharest, where he also was admitted as a student of the mathematics department of the Faculty of Sciences. In June 1895, he graduated with a Bachelor of Mathematics. In the summer of 1896, after a stint as a substitute teacher at the Bucharest theological seminary, Țițeica passed his exams for promotion to a secondary school position, becoming teacher in Galaţi. In 1897, on the advice of teachers and friends, Țițeica completed his studies at a preparatory school in Paris. Among his mates were Henri Lebesgue and Paul Montel. On 30 June 1899 he defended his doctoral thesis titled Sur les congruences cycliques et sur les systemes triplement conjugues, on the framework of oblique curvature, before a board of examiners led by Gaston Darboux. Upon his return to Romania, Țițeica was appointed assistant professor at the University of Bucharest. He was promoted to full professor on 4 May 1900, retaining this position until his death in 1939. He also taught mathematics at the Polytechnic University of Bucharest. In 1913, at age 40, Țițeica was elected as a permanent member of the Romanian Academy, replacing Spiru Haret. Later he was appointed in leading roles: in 1922, vice-president of the scientific section, in 1928, vice-president and in 1929 secretary general. Țițeica was also president of the Mathematical Association of Romania, of the Romanian Association of Science and of the Association of the development and the spreading of science. He was a vice-president of the Polytechnics Association of Romania and member of the High Council of Public Teaching. Țițeica was elected correspondent of the Association of Sciences of Liège and doctor honoris causa of the University of Warsaw. He was the president of the geometry section at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Toronto (1924), Zürich (1932), and Oslo (1936). In 1926, 1930 and 1937 he gave a series of lectures as titular professor at the Faculty of Sciences in Sorbonne. He also gave many lectures at the University of Brussels (1926) and the University of Rome (1927). Țițeica wrote about 400 articles, of which 96 are scientific projects, most addressing problems of differential geometry. Carrying on the researches of the American geometer of German origin Ernest Wilczynski, Țițeica discovered a new category of surfaces and a new category of curves which now carry his name; his contributions represent the beginning of a new chapter in mathematics, namely the affine differential geometry. He also studied R-networks in n-dimensional space, defined through Laplace equations. Țițeica had three children, the youngest of whom was the physicist Șerban Țițeica.
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Gheorghe Lazăr
Gheorghe Lazăr (5 June 1779 – 17 September 1823), born and died in Avrig, Sibiu County, was a Transylvanian, later Romanian scholar, the founder of the first Romanian language school in Bucharest, 1818.
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Gheorghe Marinescu
Gheorghe Marinescu (28 February 1863 – 15 May 1938) was a Romanian neurologist, founder of the Romanian School of Neurology.
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Gheorghe Zamfir
Gheorghe Zamfir (born April 6, 1941) is a Romanian pan flute (nai) musician.
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Grasă de Cotnari
Grasă de Cotnari is a Romanian wine variety associated with the Cotnari wine region, in Iași County (historical region of Moldavia), where it has been grown ever since the rule of Prince Stephen the Great (1457–1504).
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Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.. Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople at various periods. Most ethnic Greeks live nowadays within the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. The Greek genocide and population exchange between Greece and Turkey nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor. Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern Russia and Ukraine and in the Greek diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church.CIA World Factbook on Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, Greek Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%. Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture, arts, exploration, literature, philosophy, politics, architecture, music, mathematics, science and technology, business, cuisine, and sports, both historically and contemporarily.
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Greeks in Romania
There has been a Greek presence in Romania for at least 27 centuries.
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Grigore Ureche
Grigore Ureche (1590–1647) was a Moldavian chronicler who wrote on Moldavian history in his Letopiseţul Ţării Moldovei (The Chronicles of the land of Moldavia), covering the period from 1359 to 1594.
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Haggis
Haggis is a savoury pudding containing sheep's pluck (heart, liver, and lungs); minced with onion, oatmeal, suet, spices, and salt, mixed with stock, traditionally encased in the animal's stomach though now often in an artificial casing instead.
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Henri Coandă
Henri Marie Coandă (7 June 1886 – 25 November 1972Flight 1973) was a Romanian inventor, aerodynamics pioneer, and builder of an experimental aircraft, the Coandă-1910 described by Coandă in the mid-1950s as the world's first jet, a controversial claim disputed by some and supported by others.
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Herta Müller
Herta Müller (born 17 August 1953) is a Romanian-born German novelist, poet, essayist and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature.
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History of the Jews in Romania
The history of the Jews in Romania concerns the Jews both of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is present-day Romanian territory.
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Hora (dance)
Hora, also known as horo and oro, is a type of circle dance originating in the Balkans but also found in other countries.
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Horațiu Mălăele
Horațiu-Valentin Mălăele (born 1 August 1952) is a Romanian actor, cartoonist, writer, and theater and film director.
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Horia-Roman Patapievici
Horia-Roman Patapievici (born March 18, 1957) is a Romanian physicist and essayist who served as the head of the Romanian Cultural Institute from 2005 until August 2012.
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Humanism
Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism and empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition.
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Humanitas (publishing house)
Humanitas (Editura Humanitas) is an independent Romanian publishing house, founded on February 1, 1990 (after the Romanian Revolution) in Bucharest by the philosopher Gabriel Liiceanu, based on a state-owned publishing house, Editura Politică.
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Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars (magyarok), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary (Magyarország) and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history and speak the Hungarian language.
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Hungarians in Romania
The Hungarian minority of Romania is the largest ethnic minority in Romania, consisting of 1,227,623 people and making up 6.1% of the total population, according to the 2011 census.
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Hungary
Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.
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Iași
Iași (also referred to as Jassy or Iassy) is the second-largest city in Romania, after the national capital Bucharest, and the seat of Iași County.
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Iancu Văcărescu
Iancu Văcărescu (1786–1863) was a Romanian Wallachian boyar and poet, member of the Văcărescu family.
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Iannis Xenakis
Iannis Xenakis (Greek: Γιάννης (Ιάννης) Ξενάκης; 29 May 1922 – 4 February 2001) was a Romanian-born, Greek-French composer, music theorist, architect, and engineer.
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Ienăchiță Văcărescu
Ienăchiță Văcărescu (1740 – July 11, 1797) was a Wallachian Romanian poet, historian, philologist, and boyar belonging to the Văcărescu family.
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Ignat Bednarik
Ignat Bednarik (March 8, 1882 - March 11, 1963) was a Romanian painter who worked in almost every genre of painting before devoting himself purely to watercolor.
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Ileana Cosânzeana
Ileana Cosânzeana is a figure in Romanian mythology.
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Ileana Sărăroiu
Ileana Sararoiu (Romanian: Ileana Sărăroiu) (25 September 1936 – 12 May 1979) was a renowned Romanian singer of traditional and popular folk music.
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Illyrians
The Illyrians (Ἰλλυριοί, Illyrioi; Illyrii or Illyri) were a group of Indo-European tribes in antiquity, who inhabited part of the western Balkans.
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Insulin
Insulin (from Latin insula, island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.
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Ioan Petru Culianu
Ioan Petru Culianu or Couliano (5 January 1950 – 21 May 1991) was a Romanian historian of religion, culture, and ideas, a philosopher and political essayist, and a short story writer.
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Ioan Slavici
Ioan Slavici (January 18, 1848 – August 17, 1925) was a Transylvanian, later Romanian writer and journalist.
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Ion Barbu
Ion Barbu (pen name of Dan Barbilian; 18 March 1895 –11 August 1961) was a Romanian mathematician and poet.
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Ion Caramitru
Ion Horia Leonida Caramitru (born 9 March 1942) is a Romanian stage and film actor, stage director, as well as a political figure.
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Ion Creangă
Ion Creangă (also known as Nică al lui Ștefan a Petrei, Ion Torcălău and Ioan Ștefănescu; March 1, 1837 – December 31, 1889) was a Moldavian, later Romanian writer, raconteur and schoolteacher.
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Ion Heliade Rădulescu
Ion Heliade Rădulescu or Ion Heliade (also known as Eliade or Eliade Rădulescu;; January 6, 1802 – April 27, 1872) was a Wallachian, later Romanian academic, Romantic and Classicist poet, essayist, memoirist, short story writer, newspaper editor and politician.
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Ion Luca Caragiale
Ion Luca Caragiale (commonly referred to as I. L. Caragiale; According to his birth certificate, published and discussed by Constantin Popescu-Cadem in Manuscriptum, Vol. VIII, Nr. 2, 1977, p.179-184 – 9 June 1912) was a Wallachian, later Romanian playwright, short story writer, poet, theater manager, political commentator and journalist.
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Ion Neculce
Ion Neculce (1672–1745) was a Moldavian chronicler.
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Islam in Romania
Islam in Romania is followed by only 0.3 percent of population, but has 700 years of tradition in Northern Dobruja, a region on the Black Sea coast which was part of the Ottoman Empire for almost five centuries (ca. 1420-1878).
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Istro-Romanians
Istro-Romanians / Istrorumeni (ethnonym: Rumeni and occasionally also Rumâri and Rumêri), also called Ćiribirci, Ćići, and Vlahi by the local population, and Istro-Romanians by linguists, are a small ethnic group living in small area of northeastern Istria, in the village Žejane in eastern plateau of mountain Ćićarija, and several villages in a region of former Lake Čepić west of Mt.
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Italians in Romania
The Italians in Romania are people of Italian descent who reside, or have moved to Romania.
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Jazz
Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.
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Junimea
Junimea was a Romanian literary society founded in Iaşi in 1863, through the initiative of several foreign-educated personalities led by Titu Maiorescu, Petre P. Carp, Vasile Pogor, Theodor Rosetti and Iacob Negruzzi.
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King of the Romanians
The King of the Romanians (Romanian: Regele Românilor) or King of Romania (Romanian: Regele României), was the title of the monarch of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when Romania was proclaimed the Romanian People's Republic following Michael I's forced abdication.
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Lamb and mutton
Lamb, hogget, and mutton are the meat of domestic sheep (species Ovis aries) at different ages.
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Languages of Romania
In Romania there are several spoken languages.
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Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
Leopold II (Peter Leopold Josef Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard; 5 May 1747 1 March 1792) was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792, Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790.
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Linen
Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant.
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List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia
This is a list of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia (Θρᾴκη, Δακία) including possibly or partly Thracian or Dacian tribes, and non-Thracian or non-Dacian tribes that inhabited the lands known as Thrace and Dacia.
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List of Romanians
Note: Names that cannot be confirmed in Wikipedia database nor through given sources are subject to removal.
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List of rulers of Wallachia
This is a list of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union with Moldavia in 1862, leading to the creation of Romania.
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Liviu Rebreanu
Liviu Rebreanu (November 27, 1885 – September 1, 1944) was a Romanian novelist, playwright, short story writer, and journalist.
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Lucian Blaga
Lucian Blaga (9 May 1895 – 6 May 1961) was a Romanian philosopher, poet, playwright and novelist.
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Lucian Grigorescu
Lucian Grigorescu (February 1, 1894, Medgidia – October 28, 1965, Bucharest) was a Romanian post-impressionist painter.
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Lucian Pintilie
Lucian Pintilie (9 November 1933 – 16 May 2018, The Guardian (30 May 2018)) was a Romanian film director and screenwriter.
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Luxembourg City
Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg, Luxembourg, Luxemburg), also known as Luxembourg City (Stad Lëtzebuerg or d'Stad, Ville de Luxembourg, Stadt Luxemburg, Luxemburg-Stadt), is the capital city of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (also named "Luxembourg"), and the country's most populous commune.
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Maia Morgenstern
Maia Emilia Ninel Morgenstern (born 1 May 1962) is a Romanian film and stage actress, Gabriela Dumba,, ("Pure and simple, Maia Morgenstern", but with a pun, because Simplu is a Romanian musical group with whom she had done a video), Gardianul, December 23, 2006.
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Maramureș
Maramureș (Maramureș; Мармарощина, Marmaroshchyna) is a geographical, historical and cultural region in northern Romania and western Ukraine.
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Marcel Iureș
Marcel Iureş (born August 2, 1951) is a Romanian actor He is one of Romania's most acclaimed stage and film actors.
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Marcel Janco
Marcel Janco (common rendition of the Romanian name Marcel Hermann Iancu, last name also Ianco, Janko or Jancu; May 24, 1895 – April 21, 1984) was a Romanian and Israeli visual artist, architect and art theorist.
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Maria Ciobanu
Maria Ciobanu (born 3 September 1937 in Roșiile) is a Romanian folk singer.
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Maria Tănase
Maria Tănase (25 September 1913 – 22 June 1963) was a Romanian singer and actress.
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Marin Preda
Marin Preda (5 August 1922 – 16 May 1980) was a Romanian novelist, one of the best-known post-World War II Romanian writers.
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Marin Sorescu
Marin Sorescu (29 February 1936 – 8 December 1996) was a Romanian poet, playwright, and novelist.
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Mateiu Caragiale
Mateiu Ion Caragiale (also credited as Matei or Matheiu; Mateiŭ is an antiquated version;Sorin Antohi,, in Tr@nsit online, Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen, Nr. 21/2002 – January 17, 1936) was a Romanian poet and prose writer, best known for his novel Craii de Curtea-Veche, which portrays the milieu of boyar descendants before and after World War I. Caragiale's style, associated with Symbolism, the Decadent movement of the fin de siècle, and early modernism, was an original element in the Romanian literature of the interwar period.
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Mămăligă
Mămăligă (Moldovan Cyrillic: Мэмэлигэ) is a porridge made out of yellow maize flour, traditional in Romania, Moldova, Chechnya, Ossetia and Georgia and some regions in Ukraine near the mountains.
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Mărțișor
Mărțișor is a celebration at the beginning of spring, on March the 1st in Romania, Moldova, and all territories inhabited by Romanians and Moldovans.
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Meatball
A meatball is ground meat rolled into a small ball, sometimes along with other ingredients, such as bread crumbs, minced onion, eggs, butter, and seasoning.
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Megleno-Romanians
The Megleno-Romanians (Meglenoromâni), Moglenite Vlachs (Βλαχομογλενίτες, Vlachomoglenítes) or simply Meglenites (Megleniţi, Megleno-Romanian: Miglinits) or Vlachs (Megleno-Romanian: Vlaș; Vlaşi. Власи) are a small Eastern Romance people, originally inhabiting seven villages in the Moglena region spanning the Pella and Kilkis regional units of Central Macedonia, Greece, and one village, Huma, across the border in the Republic of Macedonia.
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Merlot
Merlot is a dark blue-colored wine grape variety, that is used as both a blending grape and for varietal wines.
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Metropolis of Moldavia and Bukovina
The Metropolis of Moldavia and Bucovina, in Iași, Romania, is a metropolis of the Romanian Orthodox Church.
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Mihai Eminescu
Mihai Eminescu (born Mihail Eminovici; 15 January 1850 – 15 June 1889) was a Romantic poet, novelist and journalist, generally regarded as the most famous and influential Romanian poet.
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Mihai Măniuțiu
Mihai Maniutiu (born 1954) is a Romanian-born theatre director, writer and theatre/performance theoretician.
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Mihail Kogălniceanu
Mihail Kogălniceanu (also known as Mihail Cogâlniceanu, Michel de Kogalnitchan; September 6, 1817 – July 1, 1891) was a Moldavian, later Romanian liberal statesman, lawyer, historian and publicist; he became Prime Minister of Romania on October 11, 1863, after the 1859 union of the Danubian Principalities under Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza, and later served as Foreign Minister under Carol I. He was several times Interior Minister under Cuza and Carol.
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Mihail Sadoveanu
Mihail Sadoveanu (occasionally referred to as Mihai Sadoveanu; November 5, 1880 – October 19, 1961) was a Romanian novelist, short story writer, journalist and political figure, who twice served as acting head of state for the communist republic (1947–1948 and 1958).
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Mihail Sebastian
Mihail Sebastian (born Iosif Mendel Hechter; October 18, 1907 – May 29, 1945) was a Romanian playwright, essayist, journalist and novelist.
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Miorița
Miorița (The Little Ewe) is an old Romanian pastoral ballad and is considered to be one of the most important pieces of Romanian folklore.
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Mircea Cărtărescu
Mircea Cărtărescu (born 1 June 1956) is a Romanian poet, novelist and essayist.
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Mircea Diaconu
Mircea Diaconu (born 24 December 1949) is a Romanian actor and politician.
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Mircea Eliade
Mircea Eliade (– April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago.
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Mircea Vulcănescu
Mircea Aurel Vulcănescu (3 March 1904, Bucharest – 28 October 1952, Aiud) was a Romanian philosopher, economist, ethics teacher and sociologist.
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Miron Costin
Miron Costin (March 30, 1633 – 1691, Roman) was a Moldavian (Romanian) political figure and chronicler.
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Mititei
Mititei or mici (both Romanian words meaning "small ones") is a traditional Romanian dish of grilled ground meat rolls made from a mixture of beef, lamb and pork with spices, such as garlic, black pepper, thyme, coriander, anise, savory, and sometimes a touch of paprika.
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Mogoșoaia Palace
Mogoșoaia Palace (in Romanian: Palatul Mogoșoaia) is situated about 10 kilometres from Bucharest, Romania.
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Moldavia
Moldavia (Moldova, or Țara Moldovei (in Romanian Latin alphabet), Цара Мѡлдовєй (in old Romanian Cyrillic alphabet) is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia (Țara Românească) as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina and Hertza. The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time. The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern side belongs to the Republic of Moldova, and the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine.
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Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (shortly: Moldavian SSR, abbr.: MSSR; Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, in Cyrillic alphabet: Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ; Молда́вская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика Moldavskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also known to as Soviet Moldavia or Soviet Moldova, was one of the fifteen republics of the Soviet Union existed from 1940 to 1991.
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Moldova
Moldova (or sometimes), officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south (by way of the disputed territory of Transnistria).
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Moldovița
Moldovița is a commune located in Suceava County, Romania.
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Moussaka
Moussaka is an eggplant- (aubergine) or potato-based dish, often including ground meat, in the Levant, Middle East, and Balkans, with many local and regional variations.
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Muma Pădurii
In Romanian folklore, Muma Pădurii is an ugly and mean old woman living in the forest.
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Munich Philharmonic
The Munich Philharmonic (Münchner Philharmoniker) is a German symphony orchestra located in the city of Munich.
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Muscat Ottonel
Muscat Ottonel or Muskat-Ottonel (in Germany) is a white wine grape variety that is a member of the Muscat family of Vitis vinifera.
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Music
Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.
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Nae Caranfil
Nae Caranfil (also Nicolae Caranfil) (born 1960, Bucharest) is a Romanian film director and screenwriter.
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National Theatre Bucharest
The National Theatre Bucharest (Teatrul Naţional "Ion Luca Caragiale" Bucureşti) is one of the national theatres of Romania, located in the capital city of Bucharest.
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Neagu Djuvara
Neagu Bunea Djuvara (August 18, 1916 – January 25, 2018) was a Romanian historian, essayist, philosopher, journalist, novelist and diplomat.
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Neurology
Neurology (from νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system.
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Nichita Stănescu
Nichita Stănescu (born Nichita Hristea Stănescu) (March 31, 1933 – December 13, 1983) was a Romanian poet and essayist.
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Nicolae Bălcescu
Nicolae Bălcescu (29 June 1819 – 29 November 1852) was a Romanian Wallachian soldier, historian, journalist, and leader of the 1848 Wallachian Revolution.
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Nicolae Grigorescu
Nicolae Grigorescu (15 May 1838 – 21 July 1907) was one of the founders of modern Romanian painting.
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Nicolae Iorga
Nicolae Iorga (sometimes Neculai Iorga, Nicolas Jorga, Nicolai Jorga or Nicola Jorga, born Nicu N. Iorga;Iova, p. xxvii. January 17, 1871 – November 27, 1940) was a Romanian historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, poet and playwright.
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Nicolae Manolescu
Nicolae Manolescu (b. 27 November 1939, Râmnicu Vâlcea) is a Romanian literary critic.
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Nicolae Paulescu
Nicolae Constantin Paulescu (30 October 1869 (O.S.) – 17 July 1931) was a Romanian physiologist, professor of medicine, and politician, most famous for discovering insulin, who worked on pancreine (a pancreatic extract containing insulin).
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Nicolae Steinhardt
Nicolae Steinhardt (born Nicu-Aurelian Steinhardt; July 12, 1912 – March 29, 1989) was a Romanian writer, Orthodox hermit and father confessor.
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Nicolae Tonitza
Nicolae Tonitza (April 13, 1886 – February 27, 1940) was a Romanian painter, engraver, lithographer, journalist and art critic.
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish, Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.
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Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize (Swedish definite form, singular: Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) is a set of six annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances.
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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.
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Novelist
A novelist is an author or writer of novels, though often novelists also write in other genres of both fiction and non-fiction.
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Old Church Slavonic
Old Church Slavonic, also known as Old Church Slavic (or Ancient/Old Slavonic often abbreviated to OCS; (autonym словѣ́ньскъ ѩꙁꙑ́къ, slověnĭskŭ językŭ), not to be confused with the Proto-Slavic, was the first Slavic literary language. The 9th-century Byzantine missionaries Saints Cyril and Methodius are credited with standardizing the language and using it in translating the Bible and other Ancient Greek ecclesiastical texts as part of the Christianization of the Slavs. It is thought to have been based primarily on the dialect of the 9th century Byzantine Slavs living in the Province of Thessalonica (now in Greece). It played an important role in the history of the Slavic languages and served as a basis and model for later Church Slavonic traditions, and some Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches use this later Church Slavonic as a liturgical language to this day. As the oldest attested Slavic language, OCS provides important evidence for the features of Proto-Slavic, the reconstructed common ancestor of all Slavic languages.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Paganism
Paganism is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for populations of the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, either because they were increasingly rural and provincial relative to the Christian population or because they were not milites Christi (soldiers of Christ).
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Pan flute
The pan flutes (also known as panpipes or syrinx) are a group of musical instruments based on the principle of the closed tube, consisting of multiple pipes of gradually increasing length (and occasionally girth).
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Panait Istrati
Panait Istrati (sometimes rendered as Panaït Istrati; August 10, 1884 – April 16, 1935) was a Romanian working class writer, who wrote in French and Romanian, nicknamed The Maxim Gorky of the Balkans.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Paska (bread)
Paska (Ukrainian: Пáска "Easter", Georgian: პასკა "Easter", ultimately from פסחא "Passover") is a Ukrainian Easter bread eaten in Eastern European countries including Ukraine, south Russia, Armenia, Romania, Moldova, Slovakia, Georgia and parts of Bulgaria as well as the Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora.
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Pálinka
Pálinka is a traditional fruit brandy in Central Europe with origins from the Hungarian Carpathian Basin, known under several names, and invented in the Middle Ages.
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Peleș Castle
Peleș Castle (Castelul Peleș) is a Neo-Renaissance castle in the Carpathian Mountains, near Sinaia, in Prahova County, Romania, on an existing medieval route linking Transylvania and Wallachia, built between 1873 and 1914.
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Petre Țuțea
Petre Țuțea (6 October 1902 – 3 December 1991) was a Romanian philosopher, journalist and economist.
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Petre Ispirescu
Petre Ispirescu (January 1830 – 21 November 1887) was a Romanian editor, folklorist, printer and publicist.
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Phanariotes
Phanariotes, Phanariots, or Phanariote Greeks (Φαναριώτες, Fanarioți, Fenerliler) were members of prominent Greek families in PhanarEncyclopædia Britannica,Phanariote, 2008, O.Ed.
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Philanthropy (film)
Filantropica (alternate spellings Philantropica, Philanthropy, Philantropique) is a 2002 Romanian dark comedy film directed by Nae Caranfil and starring Mircea Diaconu.
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Pig
A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the even-toed ungulate family Suidae.
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Pilsner
Pilsner (also pilsener or simply pils) is a type of pale lager.
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Plăcintă
Plăcintă is a Romanian, Moldovan and Ukrainian traditional pastry resembling a thin, small round or square-shaped cake, usually filled with a soft cheese such as Urdă or apples.
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Plum
A plum is a fruit of the subgenus Prunus of the genus Prunus. The subgenus is distinguished from other subgenera (peaches, cherries, bird cherries, etc.) in the shoots having terminal bud and solitary side buds (not clustered), the flowers in groups of one to five together on short stems, and the fruit having a groove running down one side and a smooth stone (or pit).
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Polenta
Polenta is a dish of boiled cornmeal that was historically made from other grains.
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Polirom
Polirom or Editura Polirom ("Polirom" Publishing House) is a Romanian publishing house with a tradition of publishing classics of international literature and also various titles in the fields of social sciences, such as psychology, sociology and anthropology.
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Pork
Pork is the culinary name for meat from a domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus).
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Pottery
Pottery is the ceramic material which makes up pottery wares, of which major types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain.
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Pretzel
A Pretzel (Breze(l)) is a type of baked bread product made from dough most commonly shaped into a twisted knot.
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Prince Charming
Prince Charming is a fairy tale character who comes to the rescue of a damsel in distress and must engage in a quest to liberate her from an evil spell.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.
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Psalter
A psalter is a volume containing the Book of Psalms, often with other devotional material bound in as well, such as a liturgical calendar and litany of the Saints.
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Putna, Suceava
Putna is a commune in Suceava County, in the Bukovina region of Romania.
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Râmnicu Vâlcea
Râmnicu Vâlcea (also spelled Rîmnicu Vîlcea) (population: 92,573) is the capital city of Vâlcea County, Romania (in the historical province of Oltenia).
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Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.
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Revista 22
Revista 22 (22 Magazine) is a Romanian weekly magazine, issued by the Group for Social Dialogue and focused mainly on politics and culture.
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Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire
A set of revolutions took place in the Austrian Empire from March 1848 to November 1849.
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Romania
Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.
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Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy (Academia Română) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866.
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Romanian alphabet
The Romanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used by the Romanian language.
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Romanian architecture
Romanian architecture is diverse, including medieval architecture, modern era architecture, interwar architecture, communist architecture, and contemporary 21st century architecture.
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Romanian Athenaeum
The Romanian Athenaeum (Ateneul Român) is a concert hall in the center of Bucharest, Romania and a landmark of the Romanian capital city.
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Romanian grammar
Romanian grammar is the body of rules that describe the structure of expressions in the Romanian language.
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Romanian Greek Catholic Church
The Romanian Greek Catholic Church or Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic (Biserica Română Unită cu Roma, Greco-Catolică) is a sui iuris Eastern Catholic Church, in full union with the Roman Catholic Church.
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Romanian humour
Romanian humour, like many other Romanian cultural aspects, has many affinities with five other groups: the Latins (namely the French and Italians), the Balkan people (Greeks, the Slavs, and Turks), the Germans and the Hungarians.
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Romanian language
Romanian (obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; autonym: limba română, "the Romanian language", or românește, lit. "in Romanian") is an East Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language.
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Romanian literature
Romanian literature is literature written by Romanian authors, although the term may also be used to refer to all literature written in the Romanian language.
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Romanian Orthodox Church
The Romanian Orthodox Church (Biserica Ortodoxă Română) is an autocephalous Orthodox Church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian Churches and ranked seventh in order of precedence.
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Romanian Peasant Museum
The National Museum of the Romanian Peasant (Muzeul Național al Ţăranului Român) is a museum in Bucharest, Romania, with a collection of textiles (especially costumes), icons, ceramics, and other artifacts of Romanian peasant life.
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Romanian philosophy
Romanian philosophy is a name covering either a) the philosophy done in Romania or by Romanians, or b) an ethnic philosophy, which expresses at a high level the fundamental features of the Romanian spirituality, or which elevates to a philosophical level the Weltanschauung of the Romanian people, as deposited in language and folklore, traditions, architecture and other linguistic and cultural artifacts.
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Romanian Revolution
The Romanian Revolution (Revoluția Română) was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania in December 1989 and part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries.
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Romanians
The Romanians (români or—historically, but now a seldom-used regionalism—rumâni; dated exonym: Vlachs) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation native to Romania, that share a common Romanian culture, ancestry, and speak the Romanian language, the most widespread spoken Eastern Romance language which is descended from the Latin language. According to the 2011 Romanian census, just under 89% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians. In one interpretation of the census results in Moldova, the Moldovans are counted as Romanians, which would mean that the latter form part of the majority in that country as well.Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook By David Levinson, Published 1998 – Greenwood Publishing Group.At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. The largest nationality in the republic, ethnic Romanians, numbered 2,795,000 persons, accounting for 64.5 percent of the population. Source:: "however it is one interpretation of census data results. The subject of Moldovan vs Romanian ethnicity touches upon the sensitive topic of", page 108 sqq. Romanians are also an ethnic minority in several nearby countries situated in Central, respectively Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, Czech Republic, Ukraine (including Moldovans), Serbia, and Bulgaria. Today, estimates of the number of Romanian people worldwide vary from 26 to 30 million according to various sources, evidently depending on the definition of the term 'Romanian', Romanians native to Romania and Republic of Moldova and their afferent diasporas, native speakers of Romanian, as well as other Eastern Romance-speaking groups considered by most scholars as a constituent part of the broader Romanian people, specifically Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians, and Vlachs in Serbia (including medieval Vlachs), in Croatia, in Bulgaria, or in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Sarma (food)
Sarma (from Turkish word "sarmak", meaning "to roll") is a dish of grape, cabbage, monk's rhubarb or chard leaves rolled around a filling usually based on minced meat, or a sweet dish of filo dough wrapped around a filling often of various kinds of chopped nuts.
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Sarmizegetusa Regia
Sarmizegetusa Regia, also Sarmisegetusa, Sarmisegethusa, Sarmisegethuza, Ζαρμιζεγεθούσα (Zarmizegethoúsa) or Ζερμιζεγεθούση (Zermizegethoúsē), was the capital and the most important military, religious and political centre of the Dacians prior to the wars with the Roman Empire.
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Sauvignon blanc
Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned grape variety that originates from the Bordeaux region of France.
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Sâmbăta de Sus
Sâmbăta de Sus (Obermühlendorf; Felsőszombatfalva) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania.
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Sburătorul
Sburătorul was a Romanian modernist literary magazine and literary society, established in Bucharest in April 1919.
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Schnitzel
A schnitzel is meat, usually thinned by pounding with a meat tenderizer, that is fried in some kind of oil or fat.
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Sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.
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Sergiu Celibidache
Sergiu Celibidache (Roman, Romania 14 August 1996, La Neuville-sur-Essonne, France) was a Romanian conductor, composer, and teacher.
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Sergiu Nicolaescu
Sergiu Florin Nicolaescu (13 April 1930 – 3 January 2013) was a Romanian film director, actor and politician.
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Sibiu
Sibiu (antiquated Sibiiu; Hermannstadt, Transylvanian Saxon: Härmeschtat, Nagyszeben) is a city in Transylvania, Romania, with a population of 147,245.
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Sighetu Marmației
Sighetu Marmației (also spelled Sighetul Marmației; Marmaroschsiget or Siget; Máramarossziget,; Sihoť; Сигіт Syhit; סיגעט Siget), until 1964 Sighet, is a city (municipality) in Maramureș County near the Iza River, in northwestern Romania.
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Slavs
Slavs are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group who speak the various Slavic languages of the larger Balto-Slavic linguistic group.
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Snagov
Snagov (population: 6,041) is a commune, located 40 km north of Bucharest in Ilfov County, Romania.
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Socialist Republic of Romania
The Socialist Republic of Romania (Republica Socialistă România, RSR) refers to Romania under Marxist-Leninist one-party Communist rule that existed officially from 1947 to 1989.
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Sorcova
Sorcova is a Romanian popular custom, practiced on January 1.
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Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe is a geographical region of Europe, consisting primarily of the coterminous Balkan peninsula.
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Sport in Romania
Sports in Romania are an important part of the country's culture.
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State Jewish Theater (Romania)
Teatrul Evreiesc de Stat (TES, the State Jewish Theater) in Bucharest, Romania is a theater specializing in Jewish-related plays.
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Stavropoleos Monastery
Stavropoleos Monastery (Mănăstirea Stavropoleos), also known as Stavropoleos Church (Biserica Stavropoleos) during the last century when the monastery was dissolved, is an Eastern Orthodox monastery for nuns in central Bucharest, Romania.
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Stéphane Lupasco
Stéphane Lupasco (born Ştefan Lupaşcu; 11 August 1900 – 7 October 1988) was a Romanian philosopher who developed non-Aristotelian logic.
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Sucevița
Sucevița is a commune in Suceava County, Romania.
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Supplex Libellus Valachorum
Supplex Libellus Valachorum Transsilvaniae (Latin for Petition of the Romanians of Transylvania) is the name of two petitions sent by the leaders of the ethnic Romanians of Transylvania to the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, demanding equal political rights with the other ethnicities of Transylvania and a share of the Transylvanian Diet proportional to their population.
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Symbolism (arts)
Symbolism was a late nineteenth-century art movement of French, Russian and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts.
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Székelys
The Székelys, sometimes also referred to as Szeklers (székelyek, Secui, Szekler, Siculi), are a subgroup of the Hungarian people living mostly in the Székely Land in Romania.
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Taraf de Haïdouks
Taraf de Haïdouks ('Taraful haiducilor', "Taraf of Haiduks") are a Romani-Romanian taraf (a troupe of lăutari, traditional musicians) from Clejani, Romania and one of the most prominent such groups in post-Communist era Romania.
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Tămâioasă Românească
Tămâioasă Românească (Romanian Muscatel) is a Romanian grape variety used for the production of aromatic wines, Tămâioasă are natural sweet or semi-sweet wines, with alcohol content of 12%-12.5%.
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Teora
Teora is a small town and comune of 1,573 inhabitants in the province of Avellino, in the Campania region of southern Italy.
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The Death of Mr. Lazarescu
The Death of Mr.
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Theatre of the Absurd
The Theatre of the Absurd (théâtre de l'absurde) is a post–World War II designation for particular plays of absurdist fiction written by a number of primarily European playwrights in the late 1950s, as well as one for the style of theatre which has evolved from their work.
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Theodor Pallady
Theodor Pallady (11 April 1871 – 16 August 1956) was a Romanian painter.
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Theory of sonics
The theory of sonics is a branch of continuum mechanics which describes the transmission of mechanical energy through vibrations.
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Titu Maiorescu
Titu Liviu Maiorescu (15 February 1840 – 18 June 1917) was a Romanian literary critic and politician, founder of the Junimea Society.
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Tobă
Tobă, or especially in Transylvania, "caş de cap de porc" (which means "pig head cheese"), is a kind of a traditional Romanian delicatessen which looks like a wide sausage, 4 inch diameter using usually pig's stomach, stuffed with pork jelly, liver, and skin suspended in aspic.
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Tochitură
Tochitură is a traditional Romanian dish like a stew made from beef and pork in tomato sauce, traditionally served with over-easy eggs and mămăligă.
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Traian Vuia
Traian Vuia or Trajan Vuia (August 17, 1872 – September 3, 1950) was a Romanian inventor and aviation pioneer who designed, built and tested the first tractor monoplane.
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Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in today's central Romania.
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Transylvanian Diet
The Transylvanian Diet (Siebenbürgischer Landtag; Erdélyi Dieta; Dieta Transilvaniei) was an important legislative, administrative and judicial body of the Principality (from 1765 Grand Principality) of Transylvania between 1570 and 1867. The general assemblies of the Transylvanian noblemen and the joint assemblies of the representatives of the "Three Nations of Transylvania"the noblemen, Székelys and Saxonsgave rise to its development. After the disintegration of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary in 1541, delegates from the counties of the eastern and northeastern territories of Hungary proper (or Partium) also attained the Transylvanian Diet, transforming it into a legal successor of the medieval Diets of Hungary. The diet sessions at Vásárhely (now Târgu Mureş) (20 January 1542) and at Torda (now Turda) (2 March 1542) laid the basis for the political and administrative organization of Transylvania. The diet decided on juridical, military and economic matters. It ceased to exist following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867.
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Transylvanian Saxons
The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Såksen; Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni; Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (Siebenbürgen) from the mid 12th century until the late Modern Age (specifically mid 19th century).
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Transylvanian School
The Transylvanian School (Școala Ardeleană in Romanian) was a cultural movement which was founded after part of the Romanian Orthodox Church in Habsburg-ruled Transylvania accepted the leadership of the Pope and became the Greek-Catholic Church (ca.1700).
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Tristan Tzara
Tristan Tzara (born Samuel or Samy Rosenstock, also known as S. Samyro; – 25 December 1963) was a Romanian and French avant-garde poet, essayist and performance artist.
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Tudor Arghezi
Tudor Arghezi (21 May 1880 – 14 July 1967) was a Romanian writer, best known for his quite unique contribution to poetry and children's literature.
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Tudor Giurgiu
Tudor Giurgiu (b. 1972 in Cluj-Napoca, Romania) is a Romanian film director.
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Tudor Vladimirescu
Tudor Vladimirescu (c. 1780 –) was a Romanian revolutionary hero, the leader of the Wallachian uprising of 1821 and of the Pandur militia.
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Turkish delight
Turkish delight, lokum or rahat lokum and many other transliterations (رَاحَة الْحُلْقُوم rāḥat al-ḥulqūm, Lokum or rahat lokum, from colloquial راحة الحلقوم rāḥat al-ḥalqūm, Azerbaijani) is a family of confections based on a gel of starch and sugar.
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TVR Cultural
TVR Cultural was the cultural channel of Romania's government-funded television network Televiziunea Română.It provided cultural news, documentaries about the arts, as well as various shows, musicals and theatrical pieces.
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UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.
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United Principalities
The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia was the official name of the personal union which later became Romania, adopted in 1859 when Alexandru Ioan Cuza was elected as the Domnitor (Ruling Prince) of both territories, which were still vassals of the Ottoman Empire.
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UNITER
UNITER or Uniter (abbreviation of Uniunea Teatrală din România, the Theater Union of Romania) is a Romanian organization, created as a professional association of theater employees.
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University Square, Bucharest
University Square is located in downtown Bucharest, near the University of Bucharest.
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Vasile Alecsandri
Vasile Alecsandri (July 21, 1821August 22, 1890) was a Moldavian poet, playwright, politician, and diplomat.
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Vasile Conta
Vasile Conta (Վասիլե Գրիգորեիի Կոնտա (Գոնտա); November 15, 1845 – April 21, 1882) was a Romanian philosopher, poet, and politician.
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Venice
Venice (Venezia,; Venesia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.
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Victor Babeș
Victor Babeș (28 July 1854 in Vienna – 19 October 1926 in Bucharest) was a Romanian physician, bacteriologist, academician and professor.
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Victor Rebengiuc
Victor Rebengiuc (known in full as Victor-George Rebengiuc; born February 10, 1933) is an award-winning Romanian film and stage actor, also known as a civil society activist.
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Vlachs
Vlachs (or, or rarely), also Wallachians (and many other variants), is a historical term from the Middle Ages which designates an exonym (a name given by foreigners) used mostly for the Romanians who lived north and south of the Danube.
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Voroneț Monastery
The Voroneț Monastery is a medieval monastery in the Romanian village of Voroneț, now a part of the town Gura Humorului.
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Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia (Țara Românească; archaic: Țeara Rumânească, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цѣра Рȣмѫнѣскъ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania.
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Wallachian uprising of 1821
The uprising of 1821 was a social and political rebellion in Wallachia, which was at the time a tributary state of the Ottoman Empire.
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Weaving
Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth.
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Western (genre)
The Western is a genre of various arts which tell stories set primarily in the later half of the 19th century in the American Old West, often centering on the life of a nomadic cowboy or gunfighter armed with a revolver and a rifle who rides a horse.
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Wiener schnitzel
Wiener schnitzel, sometimes spelled Wienerschnitzel, as in Austrian, is a type of schnitzel made of a thin, breaded, pan-fried veal cutlet.
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Wine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.
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Wood carving
Wood carving is a form of woodworking by means of a cutting tool (knife) in one hand or a chisel by two hands or with one hand on a chisel and one hand on a mallet, resulting in a wooden figure or figurine, or in the sculptural ornamentation of a wooden object.
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Wooden churches of Maramureș
The Wooden churches of Maramureș in the Maramureș region of northern Transylvania are a group of almost one hundred Orthodox churches, and occasionally Greek-Catholic ones, of different architectural solutions from different periods and areas.
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Wool
Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other animals, including cashmere and mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, angora from rabbits, and other types of wool from camelids.
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World Heritage site
A World Heritage site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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Writers' Union of Romania
The Writers' Union of Romania, founded in March 1949, is a professional association of writers in Romania.
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Yiddish theatre
Yiddish theatre consists of plays written and performed primarily by Jews in Yiddish, the language of the Central European Ashkenazi Jewish community.
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Zacuscă
Zacuscă is a vegetable spread popular in Romania.
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Zână
Zână (plural zâne; zînă and zîne, d̦ână and d̦âne in old spellings) is the Romanian equivalent of the Greek Charites or fairy Godmother.
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Zmeu
The Zmeu (plural: zmei, feminine: zmeoaică/zmeoaice) is a fantastic creature of Romanian folklore and Romanian mythology.
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Redirects here:
Culture in Romania, History of romanian culture, Romanian culture, Romanian society, Romanian traditions, Traditions of Romania.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Romania
