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39 relations: Alexey Kondrashov, Average, Effective population size, Epistasis, Evolution of sexual reproduction, Extinction, Fitness (biology), Fixation (population genetics), Frequency-dependent selection, Genetic drift, Genetic purging, Genetic recombination, Genotype, Genotype frequency, Haldane's dilemma, Hermann Joseph Muller, Inbreeding depression, James F. Crow, Linkage disequilibrium, Mathematical model, Maxima and minima, Michael Lynch (geneticist), Motoo Kimura, Muller's ratchet, Mutation rate, Mutational meltdown, Mutation–selection balance, Nature (journal), Neutral theory of molecular evolution, Outbreeding depression, Population, Selection coefficient, Selfing, Small population size, Stochastic, Transplant experiment, Underdominance, W. D. Hamilton, Weighted arithmetic mean.
Alexey Kondrashov
Alexey Simonovich Kondrashov (Алексе́й Си́монович Кондрашо́в) (born April 11, 1957 in Moscow) worked on a variety of subjects in evolutionary genetics.
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Average
In colloquial language, an average is a middle or typical number of a list of numbers.
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Effective population size
The effective population size is "the number of individuals in a population who contribute offspring to the next generation," or all the breeding adults in that population.
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Epistasis
Epistasis is the phenomenon where the effect of one gene (locus) is dependent on the presence of one or more 'modifier genes', i.e. the genetic background.
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Evolution of sexual reproduction
The evolution of sexual reproduction describes how sexually reproducing animals, plants, fungi and protists evolved from a common ancestor that was a single celled eukaryotic species.
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Extinction
In biology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species.
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Fitness (biology)
Fitness (often denoted w or ω in population genetics models) is the quantitative representation of natural and sexual selection within evolutionary biology.
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Fixation (population genetics)
In population genetics, fixation is the change in a gene pool from a situation where there exists at least two variants of a particular gene (allele) in a given population to a situation where only one of the alleles remains.
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Frequency-dependent selection
Frequency-dependent selection is an evolutionary process by which the fitness of a phenotype depends on its frequency relative to other phenotypes in a given population.
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Genetic drift
Genetic drift (also known as allelic drift or the Sewall Wright effect) is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.
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Genetic purging
Genetic purging is the reduction of the frequency of a deleterious allele, caused by an increased efficiency of natural selection prompted by inbreeding.
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Genetic recombination
Genetic recombination (aka genetic reshuffling) is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
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Genotype
The genotype is the part of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of an organism or individual, which determines one of its characteristics (phenotype).
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Genotype frequency
Genetic variation in populations can be analyzed and quantified by the frequency of alleles.
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Haldane's dilemma
Haldane's dilemma is a limit on the speed of beneficial evolution, first calculated by J. B. S. Haldane in 1957, and clarified further by later commentators.
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Hermann Joseph Muller
Hermann Joseph Muller (December 21, 1890 – April 5, 1967) was an American geneticist, educator, and Nobel laureate best known for his work on the physiological and genetic effects of radiation (mutagenesis) as well as his outspoken political beliefs.
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Inbreeding depression
Inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness in a given population as a result of inbreeding, or breeding of related individuals.
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James F. Crow
James Franklin Crow (January 18, 1916 – January 4, 2012) was Professor Emeritus of Genetics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and a prominent population geneticist whose career spanned from the modern synthesis to the genomic era.
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Linkage disequilibrium
In population genetics, linkage disequilibrium is the non-random association of alleles at different loci in a given population.
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Mathematical model
A mathematical model is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language.
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Maxima and minima
In mathematical analysis, the maxima and minima (the respective plurals of maximum and minimum) of a function, known collectively as extrema (the plural of extremum), are the largest and smallest value of the function, either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain of a function (the global or absolute extrema).
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Michael Lynch (geneticist)
Michael Lynch (born 1951) is the Director of the Biodesign Institute for Mechanisms of Evolution at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
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Motoo Kimura
(November 13, 1924 – November 13, 1994) was a Japanese biologist best known for introducing the neutral theory of molecular evolution in 1968, in collaboration with Tomoko Ohta.
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Muller's ratchet
In evolutionary genetics, Muller's ratchet (named after Hermann Joseph Muller, by analogy with a ratchet effect) is a process by which the genomes of an asexual population accumulate deleterious mutations in an irreversible manner.
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Mutation rate
In genetics, the mutation rate is the frequency of new mutations in a single gene or organism over time.
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Mutational meltdown
Mutational meltdown (not to be confused with the concept of an error catastrophe) is the accumulation of harmful mutations in a small population, which leads to loss of fitness and decline of the population size, which may lead to further accumulation of deleterious mutations due to fixation by genetic drift.
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Mutation–selection balance
Mutation–selection balance is an equilibrium in the number of deleterious alleles in a population that occurs when the rate at which deleterious alleles are created by mutation equals the rate at which deleterious alleles are eliminated by selection.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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Neutral theory of molecular evolution
The neutral theory of molecular evolution holds that at the molecular level most evolutionary changes and most of the variation within and between species is not caused by natural selection but by genetic drift of mutant alleles that are neutral.
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Outbreeding depression
In biology, outbreeding depression is when progeny resulting from crosses between genetically distant individuals (outcrossing) exhibit lower fitness in the parental environment than either of their parents or than progeny from crosses between individuals that are more closely related.
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Population
In biology, a population is all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding.
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Selection coefficient
In population genetics, a selection coefficient, usually denoted by the letter s, is a measure of differences in fitness.
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Selfing
Selfing or self-fertilization is the union of male and female gametes and/or nuclei from same haploid, diploid, or polyploid organism.
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Small population size
Small populations can behave differently from larger populations.
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Stochastic
The word stochastic is an adjective in English that describes something that was randomly determined.
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Transplant experiment
A transplant experiment, also known as a common garden experiment, is an experiment to test the effect of environment by moving two species from their native environments into a common environment.
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Underdominance
In genetics, underdominance (referred to in some texts as "negative overdominance") is the opposite of overdominance.
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W. D. Hamilton
William Donald Hamilton, FRS (1 August 1936 – 7 March 2000) was an English evolutionary biologist, widely recognised as one of the most significant evolutionary theorists of the 20th century.
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Weighted arithmetic mean
The weighted arithmetic mean is similar to an ordinary arithmetic mean (the most common type of average), except that instead of each of the data points contributing equally to the final average, some data points contribute more than others.
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Redirects here:
Genetic burden, Genetic entropy, Mutation load, Mutational load, Segregation load.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_load
