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Paleoanthropology

Index Paleoanthropology

Paleoanthropology or paleo-anthropology is a branch of archaeology with a human focus, which seeks to understand the early development of anatomically modern humans, a process known as hominization, through the reconstruction of evolutionary kinship lines within the family Hominidae, working from biological evidence (such as petrified skeletal remains, bone fragments, footprints) and cultural evidence (such as stone tools, artifacts, and settlement localities). [1]

114 relations: Africa, Alan Walker (anthropologist), Aleš Hrdlička, Alfred Russel Wallace, André Leroi-Gourhan, Ape, Aquatic ape hypothesis, Archaeology, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Australopithecus africanus, Beijing, Biological anthropology, Bipedalism, Birger Bohlin, Canine tooth, Carl Linnaeus, Carleton S. Coon, Caveman, Cenozoic Research Laboratory, Charles Darwin, Charles Lyell, Chimpanzee, China, Chris Stringer, Colin Groves, Common descent, Cultural anthropology, David Pilbeam, Davidson Black, Dawn of Humanity, Donald Johanson, Erik Trinkaus, Eugène Dubois, Family (biology), Foramen magnum, Fossil, Franz Weidenreich, Genetics, Genus, Germany, Glynn Isaac, Gorilla, Gorillini, Gracility, Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald, Hominidae, Homininae, Hominini, Homo, ..., Homo ergaster, Homo sapiens, Human evolution, Ian Tattersall, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, J. Desmond Clark, Jeffrey H. Schwartz, Jeffrey Laitman, Johan Gunnar Andersson, Johann Carl Fuhlrott, John Talbot Robinson, Kamoya Kimeu, Kenneth Oakley, Kenyanthropus, Kinship, Koobi Fora, Lee Rogers Berger, List of human evolution fossils, Louis Leakey, Man's Place in Nature, Mary Leakey, Max Schlosser, Meave Leakey, Michel Brunet (paleontologist), Milford H. Wolpoff, National Museum of Natural History, National Science Foundation, Natural selection, Neanderthal, Olduvai Gorge, On the Origin of Species, Order (biology), Otto Zdansky, Paleontology, Paranthropus, Paranthropus aethiopicus, Paranthropus boisei, Paranthropus robustus, Pei Wenzhong, Peking Man, Peking Union Medical College, Petrifaction, Phillip V. Tobias, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Raymond Dart, Richard Leakey, Richard Owen, Robert Ardrey, Robert Broom, Robustness (morphology), Rockefeller Foundation, Second Sino-Japanese War, Smithsonian Institution, Stone tool, Systema Naturae, Taung, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, The Incredible Human Journey, Thomas Henry Huxley, Tim D. White, Timeline of human evolution, University of Montana, Vratislav Mazák, Zhoukoudian. Expand index (64 more) »

Africa

Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).

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Alan Walker (anthropologist)

Alan Walker (23 August 1938 – 20 November 2017) was the Evan Pugh Professor of Biological Anthropology and Biology at the Pennsylvania State University and a research scientist for the National Museum of Kenya.

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Aleš Hrdlička

Alois Ferdinand Hrdlička, after 1918 changed to Aleš Hrdlička (March 29, 1869 – September 5, 1943), was an Austro-Hungarian anthropologist who lived in the United States after his family had moved there in 1881.

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Alfred Russel Wallace

Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 18237 November 1913) was an English naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist.

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André Leroi-Gourhan

André Leroi-Gourhan (25 August 1911 – 19 February 1986) was a French archaeologist, paleontologist, paleoanthropologist, and anthropologist with an interest in technology and aesthetics and a penchant for philosophical reflection.

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Ape

Apes (Hominoidea) are a branch of Old World tailless anthropoid primates native to Africa and Southeast Asia.

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Aquatic ape hypothesis

The aquatic ape hypothesis (AAH), also referred to as aquatic ape theory (AAT) and more recently the waterside model, is the idea that the ancestors of modern humans were more aquatic and as such were habitual waders, swimmers and divers.

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Archaeology

Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Ardipithecus

Ardipithecus is a genus of an extinct hominine that lived during Late Miocene and Early Pliocene in Afar Depression, Ethiopia.

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Australopithecus

Australopithecus (informal australopithecine or australopith, although the term australopithecine has a broader meaning as a member of the subtribe Australopithecina which includes this genus as well as Paranthropus, Kenyanthropus, Ardipithecus, and Praeanthropus) is an extinct genus of hominins.

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Australopithecus africanus

Australopithecus africanus is an extinct (fossil) species of the australopithecines, the first of an early ape-form species to be classified as hominin (in 1924).

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Beijing

Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.

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Biological anthropology

Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a scientific discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their related non-human primates and their extinct hominin ancestors.

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Bipedalism

Bipedalism is a form of terrestrial locomotion where an organism moves by means of its two rear limbs or legs.

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Birger Bohlin

Dr.

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Canine tooth

In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dog teeth, fangs, or (in the case of those of the upper jaw) eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth.

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Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement as Carl von LinnéBlunt (2004), p. 171.

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Carleton S. Coon

Carleton Stevens Coon (June 23, 1904 – June 3, 1981) was an American physical anthropologist, Professor of Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania, lecturer and professor at Harvard University, and president of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.

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Caveman

A caveman is a stock character representative of primitive man in the Paleolithic.

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Cenozoic Research Laboratory

The Cenozoic Research Laboratory of the Geological Survey of China was established within the Peking Union Medical College in 1928 by Canadian paleoanthropologist Davidson Black and Chinese geologists Ding Wenjing and Weng Wenhao for the research and appraisal of Peking Man fossils unearthed at Zhoukoudian.

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Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

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Charles Lyell

Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, (14 November 1797 – 22 February 1875) was a Scottish geologist who popularised the revolutionary work of James Hutton.

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Chimpanzee

The taxonomical genus Pan (often referred to as chimpanzees or chimps) consists of two extant species: the common chimpanzee and the bonobo.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chris Stringer

Christopher Brian "Chris" Stringer FRS (born 1947), is a British physical anthropologist noted for his work on human evolution.

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Colin Groves

Colin Peter Groves (24 June 1942 – 30 November 2017) was Professor of Biological Anthropology at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia.

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Common descent

Common descent describes how, in evolutionary biology, a group of organisms share a most recent common ancestor.

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Cultural anthropology

Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans.

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David Pilbeam

David Pilbeam (born 21 November 1940 in Brighton, Sussex, England) is the Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences at Harvard University and curator of paleoanthropology at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.

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Davidson Black

Davidson Black, FRS (July 25, 1884 – March 15, 1934) was a Canadian paleoanthropologist, best known for his naming of Sinanthropus pekinensis (now Homo erectus pekinensis).

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Dawn of Humanity

Dawn of Humanity is a 2015 American documentary film that was released online on September 10, 2015, and aired nationwide in the United States on September 16, 2015.

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Donald Johanson

Donald Carl Johanson (born June 28, 1943) is an American paleoanthropologist.

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Erik Trinkaus

Erik Trinkaus, PhD, (born December 24, 1948) is a paleoanthropologist specialised on Neandertal biology and human evolution.

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Eugène Dubois

Marie Eugène François Thomas Dubois (28 January 1858 – 16 December 1940) was a Dutch paleoanthropologist and geologist.

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Family (biology)

In biological classification, family (familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.

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Foramen magnum

The foramen magnum (great hole) is a large oval opening (foramen) in the occipital bone of the skull in humans and various other animals.

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Fossil

A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.

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Franz Weidenreich

Franz Weidenreich (7 June 1873, Edenkoben – 11 July 1948, New York City) was a Jewish German anatomist and physical anthropologist who studied evolution.

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

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Genus

A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Glynn Isaac

Glynn Llywelyn Isaac (19 November 1937 – 5 October 1985) was a South African archaeologist who specialised in the very early prehistory of Africa, and was one of twin sons born to botanists William Edwyn Isaac and Frances Margaret Leighton.

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Gorilla

Gorillas are ground-dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests of central Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Gorillini

Gorillini is a taxonomic tribe containing two genera: Gorilla and the extinct Chororapithecus.

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Gracility

Gracility is slenderness, the condition of being gracile, which means slender.

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Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald

Gustav Heinrich Ralph (often cited as G. H. R.) von Koenigswald (13 November 1902 – 10 July 1982) was a German-Dutch paleontologist and geologist who conducted research on hominins, including Homo erectus.

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Hominidae

The Hominidae, whose members are known as great apes or hominids, are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: Pongo, the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan; Gorilla, the eastern and western gorilla; Pan, the common chimpanzee and the bonobo; and Homo, which includes modern humans and its extinct relatives (e.g., the Neanderthal), and ancestors, such as Homo erectus.

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Homininae

Homininae is a subfamily of Hominidae.

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Hominini

The Hominini, or hominins, form a taxonomic tribe of the subfamily Homininae ("hominines").

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Homo

Homo (Latin homō "human being") is the genus that encompasses the extant species Homo sapiens (modern humans), plus several extinct species classified as either ancestral to or closely related to modern humans (depending on a species), most notably Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis.

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Homo ergaster

Homo ergaster (meaning "working man") or African Homo erectus is an extinct chronospecies of the genus Homo that lived in eastern and southern Africa during the early Pleistocene, between about 1.9 million and 1.4 million years ago.

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Homo sapiens

Homo sapiens is the systematic name used in taxonomy (also known as binomial nomenclature) for the only extant human species.

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Human evolution

Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus Homo – and leading to the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.

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Ian Tattersall

No description.

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Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology

The Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (abbreviated to IVPP) of China is a prominent research institution and collections repository for fossils, including many dinosaur and pterosaur specimens (many from the Yixian Formation).

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J. Desmond Clark

John Desmond Clark (more commonly J. Desmond Clark, April 10, 1916 – February 14, 2002) was a British archaeologist noted particularly for his work on prehistoric Africa.

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Jeffrey H. Schwartz

Jeffrey Hugh Schwartz, PhD, (born March 6, 1948) is an American physical anthropologist and professor of biological anthropology at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and a fellow and President of the World Academy of Art and Science (WAAS) from 2008-2012.

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Jeffrey Laitman

Jeffrey Todd Laitman, Ph.D. (born October 13, 1951) is an American anatomist and physical anthropologist whose science has combined experimental, comparative, and paleontological studies to understand the development and evolution of the human upper respiratory and vocal tract regions.

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Johan Gunnar Andersson

Johan Gunnar Andersson (3 July 1874 – 29 October 1960)"Andersson, Johan Gunnar" in The New Encyclopædia Britannica.

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Johann Carl Fuhlrott

Prof.

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John Talbot Robinson

John Talbot Robinson (10 January 1923 – 12 October 2001) was a distinguished South African hominin paleontologist.

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Kamoya Kimeu

Kamoya Kimeu, (born 1940) is one of the world's most successful fossil collectors who, together with paleontologists Meave Leakey and Richard Leakey, is responsible for some of the most significant paleoanthropological discoveries.

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Kenneth Oakley

Kenneth Page Oakley (7 April 1911 – 2 November 1981) was an English physical anthropologist, palaeontologist and geologist.

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Kenyanthropus

Kenyanthropus platyops is a 3.5 to 3.2-million-year-old (Pliocene) hominin fossil discovered in Lake Turkana, Kenya in 1999 by Justus Erus, who was part of Meave Leakey's team.

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Kinship

In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies, although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated.

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Koobi Fora

Koobi Fora refers primarily to a region around Koobi Fora Ridge, located on the eastern shore of Lake Turkana in the territory of the nomadic Gabbra people.

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Lee Rogers Berger

Lee Rogers Berger (born December 22, 1965) is an American-born South African paleoanthropologist and National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence.

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List of human evolution fossils

The following tables give a brief overview of several notable hominin fossil finds relating to human evolution beginning with the formation of the Hominini tribe in the late Miocene (roughly 6 million years ago).

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Louis Leakey

Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey (7 August 1903 – 1 October 1972) was a Kenyan paleoanthropologist and archaeologist whose work was important in demonstrating that humans evolved in Africa, particularly through discoveries made at Olduvai Gorge with his wife, fellow paleontologist Mary Leakey.

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Man's Place in Nature

Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature is an 1863 book by Thomas Henry Huxley, in which he gives evidence for the evolution of man and apes from a common ancestor.

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Mary Leakey

Mary Douglas Leakey, FBA (née Nicol, 6 February 1913 – 9 December 1996) was a British paleoanthropologist who discovered the first fossilised Proconsul skull, an extinct ape which is now believed to be ancestral to humans.

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Max Schlosser

Max Schlosser (5 February 1854 – 7 October 1932) was a German zoologist and paleontologist.

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Meave Leakey

Meave G. Leakey (born Meave Epps on 28 July 1942 in London, England) is a British paleoanthropologist.

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Michel Brunet (paleontologist)

Michel Brunet (born on April 6, 1940) is a French paleontologist and a professor at the Collège de France.

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Milford H. Wolpoff

Milford Howell Wolpoff is a paleoanthropologist working as a professor of anthropology and adjunct associate research scientist, Museum of Anthropology, at the University of Michigan.

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National Museum of Natural History

The National Museum of Natural History is a natural-history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States.

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National Science Foundation

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is a United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering.

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Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

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Neanderthal

Neanderthals (also; also Neanderthal Man, taxonomically Homo neanderthalensis or Homo sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus Homo, who lived in Eurasia during at least 430,000 to 38,000 years ago.

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Olduvai Gorge

The Olduvai Gorge or Oldupai Gorge in Tanzania is one of the most important paleoanthropological sites in the world; it has proven invaluable in furthering our understanding of early human evolution.

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On the Origin of Species

On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life),The book's full original title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.

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Order (biology)

In biological classification, the order (ordo) is.

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Otto Zdansky

Otto Karl Josef ZdanskyKatharina Kniefacz // Memorial Book of National Socialism at the University of Vienna (28 November 1894, Vienna – 26 December 1988, Uppsala) was an Austrian paleontologist.

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Paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene Epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).

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Paranthropus

Paranthropus (from Greek παρα, para "beside"; άνθρωπος, ánthropos "human") is a genus of extinct hominins that lived between 2.6 and 1.1 million years ago.

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Paranthropus aethiopicus

Paranthropus aethiopicus or Australopithecus aethiopicus is an extinct species of hominin, one of the robust australopithecines.

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Paranthropus boisei

Paranthropus boisei or Australopithecus boisei or "Karl Surva" was an early hominin, described as the largest of the genus Paranthropus (robust australopithecines).

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Paranthropus robustus

Paranthropus robustus (or Australopithecus robustus) is an early hominin, originally discovered in Southern Africa in 1938.

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Pei Wenzhong

Pei Wenzhong (January 19, 1904 – September 18, 1982), or W. C. Pei, was a Chinese paleontologist, archaeologist and anthropologist born in Fengnan.

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Peking Man

Peking Man, Homo erectus pekinensis (formerly known by the junior synonym Sinanthropus pekinensis), is an example of Homo erectus.

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Peking Union Medical College

Peking Union Medical College, founded in 1917, is one of the most selective medical colleges in China.

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Petrifaction

In geology, petrifaction or petrification is the process by which organic material becomes a fossil through the replacement of the original material and the filling of the original pore spaces with minerals.

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Phillip V. Tobias

Phillip Vallentine Tobias FRS (14 October 1925 – 7 June 2012) was a South African palaeoanthropologist and Professor Emeritus at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.

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Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1 May 1881 – 10 April 1955) was a French idealist philosopher and Jesuit priest who trained as a paleontologist and geologist and took part in the discovery of Peking Man.

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Raymond Dart

Raymond Arthur Dart (4 February 1893 – 22 November 1988) was an Australian anatomist and anthropologist, best known for his involvement in the 1924 discovery of the first fossil ever found of Australopithecus africanus, an extinct hominin closely related to humans, at Taung in the North of South Africa in the province Northwest.

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Richard Leakey

Richard Erskine Frere Leakey FRS (born 19 December 1944) is a Kenyan paleoanthropologist, conservationist, and politician.

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Richard Owen

Sir Richard Owen (20 July 1804 – 18 December 1892) was an English biologist, comparative anatomist and paleontologist.

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Robert Ardrey

Robert Ardrey (October 16, 1908 – January 14, 1980) was an American playwright, screenwriter and science writer perhaps best known for The Territorial Imperative (1966).

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Robert Broom

Robert Broom FRS FRSE (30 November 1866, Paisley – 6 April 1951) was a Scottish South African doctor and paleontologist.

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Robustness (morphology)

In biology, robustness is used to describe a species with a morphology based on strength and a heavy build.

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Rockefeller Foundation

The Rockefeller Foundation is a private foundation based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

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Second Sino-Japanese War

The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from July 7, 1937, to September 2, 1945.

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Smithsonian Institution

The Smithsonian Institution, established on August 10, 1846 "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge," is a group of museums and research centers administered by the Government of the United States.

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Stone tool

A stone tool is, in the most general sense, any tool made either partially or entirely out of stone.

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Systema Naturae

(originally in Latin written with the ligature æ) is one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy.

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Taung

Taung is a small town situated in the North West Province of South Africa.

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The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex

The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex is a book by English naturalist Charles Darwin, first published in 1871, which applies evolutionary theory to human evolution, and details his theory of sexual selection, a form of biological adaptation distinct from, yet interconnected with, natural selection.

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The Incredible Human Journey

The Incredible Human Journey is a five-episode, 300 minute, science documentary film presented by Alice Roberts, based on her book by the same name.

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Thomas Henry Huxley

Thomas Henry Huxley (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895) was an English biologist specialising in comparative anatomy.

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Tim D. White

Tim D. White (born August 24, 1950) is an American paleoanthropologist and Professor of Integrative Biology at the University of California, Berkeley.

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Timeline of human evolution

The timeline of human evolution outlines the major events in the development of the human species, Homo sapiens, and the evolution of the human's ancestors.

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University of Montana

The University of Montana (often simply referred to as UM) is a public research university in Missoula, Montana, in the United States.

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Vratislav Mazák

Vratislav Mazák (June 22, 1937 – September 9, 1987) was a Czech biologist.

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Zhoukoudian

Zhoukoudian or Choukoutien (周口店) is a cave system in suburban Fangshan District, Beijing.

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Human Palaeontology, Human palaeontology, Palaeoanthropologist, Palaeoanthropology, Paleo-anthropological, Paleo-anthropology, Paleoanthropologic, Paleoanthropological, Paleoanthropologist, Paleoanthropologists.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoanthropology

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