List of Chinese monarchs

This list of Chinese monarchs includes rulers of China with various titles prior to the establishment of the Republic in 1912. ^[1]

Abaoji

Abaoji (Khitan: Ambagyan), posthumously known as Emperor Taizu of Liao, was a Khitan leader and founder of the Liao dynasty (907–926).

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Aisin Gioro

Aisin Gioro is the imperial clan of Manchu emperors of the Qing dynasty.

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Buyantu Khan (Mongolian: Буянт хаан), born Ayurbarwada, also known by the temple name Renzong (Emperor Renzong of Yuan (Chinese: 元仁宗, April 9, 1285 – March 1, 1320), was the fourth emperor of the Yuan dynasty. Apart from Emperor of China, he is regarded as the eighth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire or Mongols, although it was only nominal due to the division of the empire. His name means "blessed/good Khan" in the Mongolian language. His name "Ayurbarwada" was from a Sanskrit compound "Āyur-parvata", which means "the mountain of longevity", in contrast with Emperor Wuzong's name Qaišan (海山, "mountains and seas" in Chinese). Ayurbarwada was the first Yuan emperor who actively supported the adoption of confucian principles into the Mongolian administration system. The emperor, who was mentored by the Confucian academic Li Meng, succeeded peacefully to the throne and reversed his older brother Khayisan's policies. More importantly, Ayurbarwada reinstituted the civil service examination system for the Yuan dynasty.

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Ögedei Khan

Ögedei (also Ogodei; translit, Mongolian: Ögedei, Ögüdei;; c.1185– 11 December 1241), was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, succeeding his father.

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Beijing

Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.

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Beishi District

Beishi District is a district of Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China.

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Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara

Biligtü Khan or The Emperor Zhaozong of Yuan, born Ayushiridara (Билигт хаан Аюушридар) (temple name: 昭宗, Zhaozong; r. 1370–1378), was a ruler of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.

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Book of Rites

The Book of Rites or Liji is a collection of texts describing the social forms, administration, and ceremonial rites of the Zhou dynasty as they were understood in the Warring States and the early Han periods.

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Book of Wei

The Book of Wei, also known by its Chinese name as the Wei Shu, is a classic Chinese historical text compiled by Wei Shou from 551 to 554, and is an important text describing the history of the Northern Wei and Eastern Wei from 386 to 550.

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Bu Bing

Bu Bing or Wai Bing (Chinese: 外丙) was a Shang dynasty King of China.

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Bu Jiang

Bu Jiang (不降) was a king of ancient China, the 11th ruler of the semi-legendary Xia Dynasty.

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Cao Fang

Cao Fang (232–274), courtesy name Lanqing, was the third emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period.

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Cao Huan

Cao Huan (246–302), courtesy name Jingming, was the fifth and last emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period.

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Cao Mao

Cao Mao (241 – 2 June 260), courtesy name Yanshi, was the fourth emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.

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Cao Pi

Cao Pi (– 29 June 226), courtesy name Zihuan, was the first emperor of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China.

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Cao Rui

Cao Rui (204 or 206 – 22 January 239), courtesy name Yuanzhong, was the second emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period.

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Cao Wei

Wei (220–266), also known as Cao Wei, was one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280).

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Captain general

Captain general (and its literal equivalent in several languages) is a high military rank of general officer grade, and a gubernatorial title.

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Chai Rong

Chai Rong (柴榮) (27 October 921 – 27 July 959) or Guo Rong (郭榮), also known by his temple name Shizong (世宗), was the second emperor of imperial China's short-lived Later Zhou during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, reigning from 954 until his death.

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Chang'an

Chang'an was an ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an.

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Chen dynasty

The Chen dynasty (557-589), also known as the Southern Chen dynasty, was the fourth and last of the Southern Dynasties in China, eventually destroyed by the Sui dynasty.

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Chen Hongjin

Chen Hongjin (陳洪進) (914–985), courtesy name Jichuan (濟川), formally Duke Zhongshun of Qi (岐忠順公), was a warlord late in the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, who controlled Qingyuan Circuit (headquartered in modern Quanzhou, Fujian).

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Chen Shubao

Chen Shubao (553–604), also known as the Final Lord of Chen, posthumous name Duke Yáng of Chángchéng, courtesy name), nickname, was the last emperor of Chen China, which was conquered by Sui China. At the time of his ascension, Chen was already facing military pressure by the Sui on multiple fronts, and, according to traditional historians, Chen Shubao was an incompetent ruler who was more interested in literature and women than in the affairs of the state. In 589, Sui forces captured his capital, Jiankang, and captured him, ending Chen rule and unifying China after nearly three centuries of division that had started with the conquests of Emperor Hui of Jin. He was taken to the Sui capital Chang'an, where he was treated kindly by Emperor Wen of Sui until his death in 604, during the reign of Emperor Wen's son, Emperor Yang.

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Cheng Han

The Cheng Han (303 or 304-347) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China.

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Chenghua Emperor

The Chenghua Emperor (9 December 1447 – 9 September 1487), born Zhu Jianshen, was the ninth Emperor of the Ming dynasty in China, between 1464 and 1487.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chinese emperors family tree (early)

This is a family tree of Chinese emperors from the foundation of the Qin dynasty in 221 BC (by Qin Shihuangdi), till the end of the Sixteen Kingdoms period, in the first half of the fifth century AD.

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Chinese emperors family tree (late)

This is a family tree of Chinese emperors from the Mongol conquest of 1279 to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912.

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Chinese emperors family tree (middle)

The following is a family tree of Chinese emperors (420-1279), from the Northern and Southern dynasties period, of first half of the fifth century AD, until the conquest of China by the Mongols under Kublai Khan, and the sequel end of the Southern Song dynasty in 1279.

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Chinese era name

A Chinese era name is the regnal year, reign period, or regnal title used when traditionally numbering years in an emperor's reign and naming certain Chinese rulers.

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Chinese name

Chinese personal names are names used by those from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and the Chinese diaspora overseas.

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Chinese sovereign

The Chinese sovereign is the ruler of a particular period in ancient China.

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Chongzhen Emperor

The Chongzhen Emperor (6 February 1611 – 25 April 1644), personal name Zhu Youjian, was the 17th and last emperor of the Ming dynasty in China, reigning from 1627–1644.

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Chu Ci

The Chu Ci, variously translated as Verses of Chu or Songs of Chu, is an anthology of Chinese poetry traditionally attributed mainly to Qu Yuan and Song Yu from the Warring States period (ended 221 BC), though about half of the poems seem to have been composed several centuries later, during the Han dynasty.

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Courtesy name

A courtesy name (zi), also known as a style name, is a name bestowed upon one at adulthood in addition to one's given name.

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Daoguang Emperor

The Daoguang Emperor (16 September 1782 – 25 February 1850) was the eighth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1820 to 1850.

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Daxing District

Daxing District is a district of Beijing, covering the southern suburbs of the city.

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Demigod

A demigod or demi-god is a minor deity, a mortal or immortal who is the offspring of a god and a human, or a figure who has attained divine status after death.

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Di Yi

Di Yi (Chinese: 帝乙) was a king of the Shang dynasty of China from 1101BC to 1076 BC.

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Duan Sui

Duan Sui (died 386) was a ruler of the Xianbei state Western Yan.

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Duan Ye

Duan Ye (died 401) was the first king of Northern Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms period in Chinese history.

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Eastern Wu

Wu (222–280), commonly known as Dong Wu (Eastern Wu) or Sun Wu, was one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280).

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Eastern Zhou

The Eastern Zhou (東周; 770–255 BC) was the second half of the Zhou dynasty of ancient China.

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Emperor Ai of Han

Emperor Ai of Han (27 BC – 15 August 1 BC) was an emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty.

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Emperor Ai of Jin

Emperor Ai of Jin (341 – March 30, 365), personal name Sima Pi (司馬丕), courtesy name Qianling (千齡), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (265-420).

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Emperor Ai of Tang

Emperor Ai of Tang (27 October 89226 March 908), also known as Emperor Zhaoxuan (昭宣帝), born Li Zuo, later known as Li Zhu, was the last emperor of the Tang dynasty of China.

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Emperor Aizong of Jin

Emperor Aizong of Jin (25 September 1198 – 9 February 1234), personal name Ningjiasu, sinicised names Wanyan Shouxu and Wanyan Shouli, was the ninth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, which ruled most of northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries.

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Emperor An of Han

Emperor An of Han (94 – 30 April 125) was an emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty and the sixth emperor of the Eastern Han, ruling from 106 to 125.

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Emperor An of Jin

Emperor An of Jin (382–419), personal name Sima Dezong (司馬德宗), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China.

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Emperor Cheng of Han

Emperor Cheng of Han (51 BC – 17 April 7 BC) was an emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty ruling from 33 until 7 BC.

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Emperor Cheng of Jin

Emperor Cheng of Jin (321 – 26 July 342), personal name Sima Yan (司馬衍), courtesy name Shigen (世根), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (265-420).

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Emperor Chong of Han

Emperor Chong of Han (143 – 15 February 145) was an emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty and the eighth emperor of the Eastern Han period.

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Emperor Chongzong of Western Xia

Emperor Xixia Chongzong of Western Xia (西夏崇宗) (1084–1139), or Li Qianshun (李乾順), was a Tangut emperor of Western Xia (one of the four kingdoms that made up China, along with Song dynasty, Liao dynasty and Jin dynasty) from 1086 until 1139.

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Emperor Daizong of Tang

Emperor Daizong of Tang (18 May 762 – 10 June 779), personal name Li Yu (name changed in 758 after being created crown prince), né Li Chu (李俶), was an emperor of the Chinese Tang Dynasty.

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Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei

Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei ((北)魏道武帝) (371–409), personal name Tuoba Gui (拓拔珪), né Tuoba Shegui (拓拔渉珪), was the founding emperor of the Northern Wei.

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Emperor Daozong of Liao

Emperor Daozong of Liao (14 September 1032 – 12 February 1101), personal name Chala, sinicised name Yelü Hongji, was the eighth emperor of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty.

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Emperor Dezong of Tang

Emperor Dezong of Tang (27 May 742 – 25 February 805), personal name Li Kuo, was an emperor of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and the oldest son of his father Emperor Daizong.

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Emperor Duanzong

Emperor Duanzong of Song (10 July 1269 – 8 May 1278), personal name Zhao Shi, was the 17th emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the eighth emperor of the Southern Song dynasty.

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Emperor Duzong

Emperor Duzong of Song (2 May 1240 – 12 August 1274), personal name Zhao Qi, was the 15th emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the sixth emperor of the Southern Song dynasty.

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Emperor Fei of Chen

Emperor Fei of Chen (陳廢帝) (554?570), personal name Chen Bozong (陳伯宗), courtesy name Fengye (奉業), nickname Yaowang (藥王), also known by his post-removal title of Prince of Linhai (臨海王), was an emperor of the Chinese Chen Dynasty.

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Emperor Fei of Jin

Emperor Fei of Jin (342 – November 23, 386), personal name Sima Yi (司馬奕), courtesy name Yanling (延齡), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China.

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Emperor Fei of Northern Qi

Emperor Fei of Northern Qi ((北)齊廢帝) (545–561), personal name Gao Yin (高殷), courtesy name Zhengdao (正道), posthumously Prince Mindao of Ji'nan (濟南閔悼王), was briefly an emperor of the Northern Qi.

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Emperor Fei of Western Wei

Emperor Fei of Western Wei ((西)魏廢帝) (died 554), personal name Yuan Qin (元欽), was an emperor of the Xianbei state Western Wei—a branch successor state of Northern Wei.

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Emperor Gao of Southern Qi

Emperor Gao of Southern Qi ((南)齊高帝; 427–482), personal name Xiao Daocheng (蕭道成), courtesy name Shaobo (紹伯), nickname Doujiang (鬥將)) was the founding emperor of the Chinese dynasty Southern Qi. He served as a general under the preceding dynasty Liu Song's Emperor Ming and Emperor Houfei. In 477, fearful that the young, cruel Emperor Houfei would kill him, assassinated Emperor Houfei and seized power, eventually taking the throne in 479 to start Southern Qi.

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Emperor Gaozong of Song

Emperor Gaozong of Song (12 June 1107 – 9 November 1187), personal name Zhao Gou, courtesy name Deji, was the tenth emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the first emperor of the Southern Song dynasty.

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Emperor Gaozong of Tang

Emperor Gaozong of Tang (21 July 628 – 27 December 683), personal name Li Zhi, was the third emperor of the Tang dynasty in China, ruling from 649 to 683 (although after January 665 much of the governance was in the hands of his second wife Empress Wu, later known as Wu Zetian).

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Emperor Gaozu of Han

Emperor Gaozu of Han (256 BC – 1 June 195 BC), born Liu Bang (刘邦), was the founder and first emperor of the Han dynasty, reigning from 202 – 195 BC.

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Emperor Gaozu of Tang

Emperor Gaozu of Tang (8 April 566 – 25 June 635), born Li Yuan, courtesy name Shude, was the founder of the Tang Dynasty of China, and the first emperor of this dynasty from 618 to 626.

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Emperor Gong of Jin

Emperor Gong of Jin (386–421) was last emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China.

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Emperor Gong of Song

Emperor Gong of Song (2 November 1271 – May 1323), personal name Zhao Xian, was the 16th emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the seventh emperor of the Southern Song dynasty.

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Emperor Gong of Western Wei

Emperor Gong of Western Wei ((西)魏恭帝) (537–557), personal name né Yuan Kuo (元廓), later changed to Tuoba Kuo (拓拔廓), was the last emperor of the Western Wei -- a rump state of and successor to Northern Wei.

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Emperor Guangwu of Han

Emperor Guangwu (born Liu Xiu; 15 January 5 BC – 29 March 57), courtesy name Wenshu, was an emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty, restorer of the dynasty in AD 25 and thus founder of the Later Han or Eastern Han (the restored Han Dynasty).

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Emperor Guangzong of Song

Emperor Guangzong of Song (30 September 1147 – 17 September 1200), personal name Zhao Dun, was the 12th emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the third emperor of the Southern Song dynasty.

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Emperor He of Han

Emperor He of Han (79 – 13 February 106) was an emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty who ruled from 88 to 105.

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Emperor He of Southern Qi

Emperor He of Southern Qi ((南)齊和帝) (488–502), personal name Xiao Baorong (蕭寶融), courtesy name Zhizhao (智昭), was the last emperor of the Chinese dynasty Southern Qi.

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Emperor Houshao of Han

Emperor Houshao of Han (190 BC – 14 November 180BC), personal name Liu Hong, was the fourth emperor of the Han Dynasty in China.

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Emperor Huai of Jin

Emperor Huai of Jin (284 – March 14, 313), personal name Sima Chi (司馬熾), courtesy name Fengdu (豐度), was an emperor of the Jin Dynasty (265-420).

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Emperor Huan of Han

Emperor Huan of Han (132 – 25 January 168) was the 27th emperor of the Han Dynasty after he was enthroned by the Empress Dowager and her brother Liang Ji on 1 August 146.

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Emperor Huanzong of Western Xia

Emperor Huanzong of Western Xia lived from 1177 to 1206 and reigned from 1193 to 1206.

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Emperor Hui of Han

Emperor Hui of Han (210 BC – 26 September 188 BC) was the second emperor of the Han Dynasty in China.

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Emperor Hui of Jin

Emperor Hui of Jin (259 - January 8, 307), personal name Sima Zhong (司馬衷), courtesy name Zhengdu (正度), was the second emperor of the Jin Dynasty (265-420).

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Emperor Huizong of Song

Emperor Huizong of Song (7 June 1082 – 4 June 1135), personal name Zhao Ji, was the eighth emperor of the Song dynasty in China.

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Emperor Huizong of Western Xia

Huizong (Li Bingchang, Li ping chang) (1060–1086) was Emperor of Western Xia (1067–1086).

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Emperor Jianwen of Jin

Emperor Jianwen of Jin (320 – September 12, 372), personal name Sima Yu (司馬昱), courtesy name Daowan (道萬), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China.

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Emperor Jianwen of Liang

Emperor Jianwen of Liang (梁簡文帝) (2 December 503 – 551), personal name Xiao Gang (蕭綱), courtesy name Shizuan (世纘), nickname Liutong (六通), was an emperor of the Chinese Liang Dynasty.

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Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei

Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei ((北)魏節閔帝) (498 – 21 June 532), also known as Emperor Qianfei (前廢帝), at times referred to by pre-ascension title Prince of Guangling (廣陵王), personal name Yuan Gong (元恭), courtesy name Xiuye (脩業), was an emperor of Northern Wei.

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Emperor Jing of Han

Emperor Jing of Han (188 BC – 9 March 141 BC), personal name Liu Qi (劉啟), was the sixth emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty from 157 to 141 BC.

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Emperor Jing of Liang

Emperor Jing of Liang (543–558), personal name Xiao Fangzhi (蕭方智), courtesy name Huixiang (慧相), nickname Fazhen (法真), was an emperor of the Chinese Liang Dynasty.

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Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou

Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou ((北)周靜帝) (573–581), personally name né Yuwen Yan (宇文衍), later Yuwen Chan (宇文闡), was the last emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou.

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Emperor Jingzong of Liao

Emperor Jingzong of Liao (1 September 948 – 13 October 982), personal name Yelü Xian, courtesy name Xianning, was the fifth emperor of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty.

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Emperor Jingzong of Tang

Emperor Jingzong of Tang (July 22, 809 – January 9, 827), personal name Li Zhan, was an emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China.

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Emperor Jingzong of Western Xia

Emperor Jingzong of Western Xia (1003–1048), born Li Yuanhao, or Tuoba Yuanhao, was the first emperor of the Western Xia Empire located in northwestern China, reigning from 1038 to 1048.

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Emperor Kang of Jin

Emperor Kang of Jin (322 – 17 November 344), personal name Sima Yue (司馬岳), courtesy name Shitong (世同), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (265-420).

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Emperor Ku

Kù, usually referred to as Dì Kù, also known as Gaoxin or Gāoxīn Shì, was (according to many versions of the list) one of the Five Emperors of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors of Chinese mythology: some sources treat Ku as a semi-historical figure, while others make fantastic mythological or religious claims about him.

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Emperor Ling of Han

Emperor Ling of Han (156 – 13 May 189), personal name Liu Hong, was the 12th emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty.

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Emperor Lizong

Emperor Lizong of Song (26 January 1205 – 16 November 1264), personal name Zhao Yun, was the 14th emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the fifth emperor of the Southern Song dynasty.

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Emperor Min of Jin

Emperor Min of Jin (300 – February 7, 318), personal name Sima Ye (司馬鄴 or 司馬業), courtesy name Yanqi (彥旗), was an emperor of the Jin Dynasty (265-420) and the last of the Western Jin.

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Emperor Ming of Han

Emperor Ming of Han, (Wade-Giles: Han Ming-ti), (15 June 28 – 5 September 75) was the second emperor of the Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty.

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Emperor Ming of Jin

Emperor Ming of Jin (299 – 18 October 325), personal name Sima Shao (司馬紹), courtesy name Daoji (道畿), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (265-420).

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Emperor Ming of Liu Song

Emperor Ming of Liu Song ((劉)宋明帝) (9 December 439 – 10 May 472), personal name Liu Yu (劉彧), courtesy name Xiubing (休炳), nickname Rongqi (榮期), was an emperor of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song.

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Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou

Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou ((北)周明帝) (534–560), personal name Yuwen Yu (宇文毓), nickname Tongwantu (統萬突), was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou, although at the start of his reign he used the alternative title "Heavenly Prince" (Tian Wang).

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Emperor Ming of Southern Qi

Emperor Ming of Southern Qi ((南)齊明帝) (452–498), personal name Xiao Luan (蕭鸞), courtesy name Jingqi (景栖), nickname Xuandu (玄度), was an emperor of the Chinese dynasty Southern Qi in the 5th century.

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Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei

Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei ((北)魏明元帝) (392–423 AD), personal name Tuoba Si (拓拔嗣), was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.

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Emperor Mo of Jin

Emperor Mo of Jin (died 9 February 1234), personal name Hudun, sinicised name Wanyan Chenglin, was the last emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries.

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Emperor Mozhu of Western Xia

Emperor Mozhu ("last ruler") or Emperor Modi ("last emperor") of Western Xia was the last emperor of the Tangut-founded Western Xia dynasty and reigned from 1226 to 1227.

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Emperor Mu of Jin

Emperor Mu of Jin (343 – July 10, 361), personal name Sima Dan (司馬聃), courtesy name Pengzi (彭子), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (265-420).

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Emperor Muzong of Liao

Emperor Muzong of Liao (19 September 931 – 12 March 969), personal name Yelü Jing, infant name Shulü, was the fourth emperor of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty.

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Emperor Muzong of Tang

Emperor Muzong of Tang (795 – February 25, 824), personal name Li Heng, né Li You (李宥) (name changed 812), was an emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China.

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Emperor Ningzong

Emperor Ningzong of Song (19 November 1168 – 17 September 1224), personal name Zhao Kuo, was the 13th emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the fourth emperor of the Southern Song dynasty.

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Emperor of China

The Emperor or Huangdi was the secular imperial title of the Chinese sovereign reigning between the founding of the Qin dynasty that unified China in 221 BC, until the abdication of Puyi in 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution and the establishment of the Republic of China, although it was later restored twice in two failed revolutions in 1916 and 1917.

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Emperor Ping of Han

Emperor Ping (9 BC – 3 February 6) was an emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty from 1 BC to AD 5.

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Emperor Qianshao of Han

Emperor Qianshao of Han (193 BC – 15 June 184 BC), personal name said to be Liu Gong, was the third emperor of the Han Dynasty in China.

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Emperor Qinzong

Emperor Qinzong of Song (23 May 1100 – 14 June 1161), personal name Zhao Huan, was the ninth emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the last emperor of The Northern Song Dynasty.

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Emperor Renzong of Song

Emperor Renzong of Song (30 May 1010 – 30 April 1063, Chinese calendar: 14 April 1010（the 3rd year of Dazhongxiangfu, 大中祥符三年） - 29 March 1063 (the 8th year of Jiayou, 嘉祐八年)), personal name Zhao Zhen, was the fourth emperor of the Song dynasty in China.

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Emperor Renzong of Western Xia

Emperor Renzong (1124–1193), born Li Renxiao, was the 5th emperor of the Western Xia dynasty (reigned 1139–1193).

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Emperor Ruizong of Tang

Emperor Ruizong of Tang (22 June 662 – 13 July 716), personal name Li Dan, also known at times during his life as Li Xulun, Li Lun, Wu Lun, and Wu Dan, was the fifth and ninth emperor of Tang Dynasty.

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Emperor Shang of Han

Emperor Shang of Han (early 105 – 21 September 106) was an infant emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty and the fifth emperor of the Eastern Han.

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Emperor Shang of Tang

Emperor Shang (695 or 698 – September 5, 714), also known as Emperor Shao (少帝), personal name Li Chongmao, was an emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China, ruling briefly in 710. Li Chongmao was the youngest son of Emperor Zhongzong, born to one of Zhongzong's concubines. As of 710, Empress Wei and her daughter Li Guo'er the Princess Anle were exceedingly powerful, but Li Guo'er was unable to convince Emperor Zhongzong to have her created crown princess. Empress Wei, meanwhile, wanted to become Empress Regnant like her mother-in-law, Emperor Zhongzong's mother Wu Zetian. Traditional historians believed that she and Li Guo'er poisoned Emperor Zhongzong in July 710 although it may have been a stroke or heart attack that killed Emperor Zhongzong. Empress Wei then arranged for Li Chongmao, then the Prince of Wen, to succeed Emperor Zhongzong as emperor, hoping to control the young teenager as empress dowager and regent. Empress Dowager Wei's plans, however, were foiled when Empreror Zhongzong's sister Princess Taiping and nephew Li Longji the Prince of Linzi launched a coup less than a month after Emperor Shang's enthronement. Both Empress Wei and Li Guo'er were killed during the coup, and on July 25 the young emperor was forced to cede the imperial throne to Li Longji's father Li Dan the Prince of Xiang, a former emperor (as Emperor Ruizong). Li Chongmao, who had been emperor for only 17 days, was reverted to a princely rank and sent away from the capital Chang'an. He died four years later without having returned to the capital. Immediately after his death, Li Longji, who had by then succeeded his father Emperor Ruizong (as Emperor Xuanzong), restored Li Chongmao's imperial dignity and gave him the posthumous name Shang which literally means "died at an early age." Li Chongmao is also known in histories as Emperor Shao, which literally means "the young emperor." Most traditional historians did not consider him as a legitimate emperor and do not include him in the list of emperors of the Tang dynasty, although modern historians usually do.

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Emperor Shao of Liu Song

Emperor Shao of (Liu) Song ((劉)宋少帝) (406 – 4 August 424), also known by his post-removal title Prince of Yingyang (營陽王), personal name Liu Yifu (劉義符), nickname Chebing (車兵), was an emperor of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song.

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Emperor Shengzong of Liao

Emperor Shengzong of Liao (16 January 972 – 25 June 1031), personal name Wenshunu, sinicised name Yelü Longxu, was the sixth emperor of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty.

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Emperor Shenzong of Song

Emperor Shenzong of Song (25 May 1048 – 1 April 1085), personal name Zhao Xu, was the sixth emperor of the Song dynasty in China.

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Emperor Shenzong of Western Xia

Shenzong, né Li Zunxu, was emperor of Western Xia from 1211 to 1223.

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Emperor Shizong of Jin

Emperor Shizong of Jin (29 March 1123 – 20 January 1189), personal name Wulu, sinicised name Wanyan Yong (originally Wanyan Xiu), was the fifth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries.

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Emperor Shizong of Liao

Emperor Shizong of Liao (29 January 919 – 7 October 951), personal name Wuyu, sinicised name Yelü Ruan, was the third emperor of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty.

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Emperor Shun

Shun, also known as Emperor Shun and Chonghua, was a legendary leader of ancient China, regarded by some sources as one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors.

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Emperor Shun of Han

Emperor Shun of Han (115 – 20 September 144) was an emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty and the seventh emperor of the Eastern Han.

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Emperor Shun of Liu Song

Emperor Shun of Liu Song ((劉)宋順帝) (8 August 467 – 23 June 479), personal name Liu Zhun (劉準), courtesy name Zhongmou (仲謀), nickname Zhiguan (智觀), was an emperor of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song.

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Emperor Shunzong of Tang

Emperor Shunzong of Tang (761 – February 11, 806), personal name Li Song, was an emperor of the Chinese Tang Dynasty.

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Emperor Suzong of Tang

Emperor Suzong of Tang (19 October 711 – 16 May 762; r. 756 – 762), personal name Li Heng, né Li Sisheng (李嗣升), known as Li Jun (李浚) from 725 to 736, known as Li Yu (李璵) from 736 to 738, known briefly as Li Shao (李紹) in 738, was an emperor of the Tang dynasty and the son of Emperor Xuanzong.

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Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei

Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei ((北)魏太武帝) (408–452), personal name Tuoba Tao (拓拔燾), nickname Bili (佛貍), was an emperor of Northern Wei.

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Emperor Taizong of Jin

Emperor Taizong of Jin (25 November 1075 – 9 February 1135), personal name Wuqimai, sinicised name Wanyan Sheng, was the second emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries.

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Emperor Taizong of Liao

Emperor Taizong of Liao (25 November 902 – 18 May 947), personal name Yaogu, sinicised name Yelü Deguang, courtesy name Dejin, was the second emperor of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty.

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Emperor Taizong of Song

Emperor Taizong of Song (20 November 939 – 8 May 997), personal name Zhao Jiong, was the second emperor of the Song dynasty in China.

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Emperor Taizong of Tang

Emperor Taizong of Tang (28January 598 10July 649), previously Prince of Qin, personal name Li Shimin, was the second emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649.

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Emperor Taizu of Jin

Emperor Taizu of Jin (August 1, 1068 – September 19, 1123), personal name Aguda, sinicised name Min, was the founder and first emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries.

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Emperor Taizu of Song

Emperor Taizu of Song (21 March 927 – 14 November 976) personal name Zhao Kuangyin, courtesy name Yuanlang, was the founder and first emperor of the Song dynasty in China.

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Emperor Tianzuo of Liao

Emperor Tianzuo of Liao (5 June 1075 – 1128 or 1156), personal name Yelü Yanxi, courtesy name Yanning, was the ninth and last emperor of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty.

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Emperor Wen of Chen

Emperor Wen of Chen (陳文帝) (522–566), personal name Chen Qian (陳蒨), courtesy name Zihua (子華), was an emperor of the Chinese Chen Dynasty.

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Emperor Wen of Han

Emperor Wen of Han (202 BC – 6 July 157 BC) was the fifth emperor of the Han Dynasty of ancient China.

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Emperor Wen of Liu Song

Emperor Wen of Liu Song ((劉)宋文帝, (Liu) Song Wen-di) (407 – 16 March 453), personal name Liu Yilong (劉義隆), nickname Che'er (車兒), was an emperor of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song.

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Emperor Wen of Sui

Emperor Wen of Sui (隋文帝; 21 July 541 – 13 August 604), personal name Yang Jian (楊堅), Xianbei name Puliuru Jian (普六茹堅), nickname Nryana, was the founder and first emperor of China's Sui Dynasty (581–618 AD).

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Emperor Wen of Western Wei

Emperor Wen of Western Wei ((西)魏文帝) (507–551), personal name Yuan Baoju (元寶炬), was an emperor of Western Wei—a branch successor state to Northern Wei.

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Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei

Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei ((北)魏文成帝) (440–465), personal name Tuoba Jun (拓拔濬), was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.

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Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi

Emperor Wenxuan of (Northern) Qi ((北)齊文宣帝) (526–559), personal name Gao Yang (高洋, Wade–Giles: Kao Yang), courtesy name Zijin (子進), was the first emperor of the Northern Qi.

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Emperor Wenzong of Tang

Emperor Wenzong of Tang (809–840), personal name Li Ang, né Li Han (李涵), was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China.

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Emperor Wu of Chen

Emperor Wu of Chen (陳武帝) (503–559), personal name Chen Baxian (陳霸先), courtesy name Xingguo (興國), nickname Fasheng (法生), was the first emperor of the Chen dynasty of China.

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Emperor Wu of Han

Emperor Wu of Han (30 July 157BC29 March 87BC), born Liu Che, courtesy name Tong, was the seventh emperor of the Han dynasty of China, ruling from 141–87 BC.

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Emperor Wu of Jin

Emperor Wu of Jin, (236 – 16 May 290), personal name Sima Yan, courtesy name Anshi (安世), was the grandson of Sima Yi and son of Sima Zhao.

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Emperor Wu of Liang

Emperor Wu of Liang (梁武帝) (464–549), personal name Xiao Yan (蕭衍), courtesy name Shuda (叔達), nickname Lian'er (練兒), was the founding emperor of the Liang Dynasty of Chinese history.

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Emperor Wu of Liu Song

Emperor Wu of (Liu) Song ((劉)宋武帝; 363–422), personal name Liu Yu (劉裕), courtesy name Dexing (德興), nickname Jinu (寄奴), was the founding emperor of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song.

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Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou

Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou ((北)周武帝) (543–578), personal name Yuwen Yong (宇文邕), nickname Miluotu (禰羅突), was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou.

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Emperor Wu of Southern Qi

Emperor Wu of Southern Qi ((南)齊武帝) (440–493), personal name Xiao Ze (蕭賾), courtesy name Xuanyuan (宣遠), nickname Long'er (龍兒), was the second emperor of the Chinese Southern Qi Dynasty.

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Emperor Wucheng of Northern Qi

Emperor Wucheng of Northern Qi ((北)齊武成帝) (537–569), personal name Gao Zhan (高湛 which can also romanized as Gao Dan), nickname Buluoji (步落稽), was an emperor of Northern Qi.

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Emperor Wuzong of Tang

Emperor Wuzong of Tang (July 2, 814 – April 22, 846), né Li Chan, later changed to Li Yan just before his death, was an emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China, reigning from 840 to 846.

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Emperor Xian of Han

Emperor Xian of Han (2 April 181 – 21 April 234), personal name Liu Xie, courtesy name Bohe, was the 14th and last emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty in China.

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Emperor Xiangzong of Western Xia

Emperor Xiangzong of Western Xia lived from 1170 to 1211, and reigned from 1206 to 1211.

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Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei

Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei ((北)魏獻文帝) (454–476), personal name Tuoba Hong, was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.

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Emperor Xianzong of Tang

Emperor Xianzong of Tang (17 March 778Old Book of Tang, vol. 14. – 14 February 820; r. 805 – 820), personal name Li Chun, né Li Chun (李淳), was an emperor of the Chinese Tang Dynasty.

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Emperor Xianzong of Western Xia

Emperor Xianzong of Western Xia lived from 1181 to 1226.

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Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei

Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei ((東)魏孝靜帝) (524–552), personal name Yuan Shanjian (元善見), was the only emperor of the Eastern Wei – a branch successor state to Northern Wei.

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Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou

Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou ((北)周孝閔帝) (542–557), personal name Yuwen Jue (宇文覺), nickname Tuoluoni (陀羅尼), was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou (although he used the alternative title "Heavenly Prince" (Tian Wang). He was the heir of Western Wei's paramount general Yuwen Tai, and after Yuwen Tai's death in 556, his cousin Yuwen Hu, serving as his guardian, forced Emperor Gong of Western Wei to yield the throne to Yuwen Jue in spring 557, establishing Northern Zhou. Later in 557, however, Yuwen Jue, wanting to assume power personally, plotted to kill Yuwen Hu, who in turn deposed him and replaced him with his brother Yuwen Yu (Emperor Ming). Later that year, Yuwen Hu had Yuwen Jue executed.

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Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei

Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝明帝) (510 – March 31, 528), personal name Yuan Xu (元詡), was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei (386–535).

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Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei

Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝文帝) (October 13, 467 – April 26, 499), personal name né Tuoba Hong (拓拔宏), later Yuan Hong (元宏), or Toba Hung II, was an emperor of the Northern Wei from September 20, 471 to April 26, 499.

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Emperor Xiaowu of Jin

Emperor Xiaowu of Jin (362–396), personal name Sima Yao (司馬曜), courtesy name Changming (昌明), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (265–420) in China.

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Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song

Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song (劉宋孝武帝) (19 September 430 – 12 July 464), personal name Liu Jun (劉駿), courtesy name Xiulong (休龍), nickname Daomin (道民), was an emperor of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song.

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Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei

Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝武帝) (510 – February 3, 535), personal name Yuan Xiu (元脩 or 元修), courtesy name Xiaoze (孝則), at times known as Emperor Chu (出帝, "the emperor who fled"), was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.

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Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi

Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi ((北)齊孝昭帝) (535–561), personal name Gao Yan (高演), courtesy name Yan'an (延安), was an emperor of Northern Qi.

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Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei

Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei (507–531), personal name Yuan Ziyou, was an emperor of China of the Northern Wei, a Xianbei dynasty. He was placed on the throne by General Erzhu Rong, who refused to recognize the young emperor, Yuan Zhao, who Empress Dowager Hu had placed on the throne after she poisoned her son Emperor Xiaoming. During his reign, General Erzhu largely controlled the military and acted in a violent manner, leading Emperor Xiaozhuang to believe that he would usurp the throne. In 530, Emperor Xiaozhuang ambushed General Erzhu and killed him in the palace, but his cousin Erzhu Shilong and nephew Erzhu Zhao subsequently captured and killed Xiaozhuang.

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Emperor Xiaozong of Song

Emperor Xiaozong of Song (27 November 1127 – 28 June 1194), personal name Zhao Shen, courtesy name Yuanyong, was the 11th emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the second emperor of the Southern Song dynasty.

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Emperor Xingzong of Liao

Emperor Xingzong of Liao (3 April 1016 – 28 August 1055), personal name Zhigu, sinicised name Yelü Zongzhen, was the seventh emperor of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty.

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Emperor Xizong of Jin

Emperor Xizong of Jin (28 February 1119 – 9 January 1150), personal name Hela, sinicised name Wanyan Dan, was the third emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries.

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Emperor Xizong of Tang

Emperor Xizong of Tang (June 8, 862 – April 20, 888), né Li Yan, later name changed to Li Xuan (changed 873), was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China.

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Emperor Xuan of Chen

Emperor Xuan of Chen (陳宣帝) (530–582), personal name Chen Xu (陳頊), courtesy name Shaoshi (紹世), nickname Shili (師利), was an emperor of the Chen dynasty of China.

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Emperor Xuan of Han

Emperor Xuan of Han (91 BC – 10 January 49 BC), born Liu Bingyi (劉病已), later renamed to Liu Xun (劉詢), was an emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty from 74 to 49 BC.

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Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou

Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou ((北)周宣帝) (559–580), personal name Yuwen Yun (宇文贇), courtesy name Qianbo (乾伯), was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou.

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Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei

Xuanwu (483 – February 9, 515) was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty of Northern Wei (499-515).

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Emperor Xuanzong of Jin

Emperor Xuanzong of Jin (18 April 1163 – 14 January 1224), personal name Wudubu, sinicised names Wanyan Xun and Wanyan Congjia, was the eighth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries.

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Emperor Xuanzong of Tang

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (8 September 685 – 3 May 762), also commonly known as Emperor Ming of Tang or Illustrious August, personal name Li Longji, also known as Wu Longji from 690 to 705, was the seventh emperor of the Tang dynasty in China, reigning from 713 to 756 C.E. His reign of 43 years was the longest during the Tang dynasty.

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Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (9th century)

Emperor Xuānzong of Tang (July 27, 810 – September 7, 859) (reigned April 25, 846 – September 7, 859) was an emperor in the latter part of the Tang dynasty of China.

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Emperor Yang of Sui

Emperor Yang of Sui (隋煬帝, 569 – 11 April 618), personal name Yang Guang (楊廣), alternative name Ying (英), nickname Amo (阿摩), Sui Yang Di or Yang Di (隋炀帝) known as Emperor Ming (明帝) during the brief reign of his grandson Yang Tong), was the second son of Emperor Wen of Sui, and the second emperor of China's Sui dynasty. Emperor Yang's original name was Yang Ying, but was renamed by his father, after consulting with oracles, to Yang Guang. Yang Guang was made the Prince of Jin after Emperor Wen established Sui Dynasty in 581. In 588, he was granted command of the five armies that invaded the southern Chen dynasty and was widely praised for the success of this campaign. These military achievements, as well as his machinations against his older brother Yang Yong, led to him becoming crown prince in 600. After the death of his father in 604, generally considered, though unproven, by most traditional historians to be a murder ordered by Yang Guang, he ascended the throne as Emperor Yang. Emperor Yang, ruling from 604 to 618, committed to several large construction projects, most notably the completion of the Grand Canal. He commanded the reconstruction of the Great Wall, a project which took the lives of nearly six million workers. He also ordered several military expeditions that brought Sui to its greatest territorial extent, one of which, the conquest of Champa in what is now central and southern Vietnam, resulted in the death of thousands of Sui soldiers from malaria. These expeditions, along with a series of disastrous campaigns against Goguryeo (one of the three kingdoms of Korea), left the empire bankrupt and a populace in revolt. With northern China in turmoil, Emperor Yang spent his last days in Jiangdu (江都, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), where he was eventually strangled in a coup led by his general Yuwen Huaji. Despite his accomplishments, Emperor Yang was generally considered by traditional historians to be one of the worst tyrants in Chinese history and the reason for the Sui Dynasty's relatively short rule. His failed campaigns against Goguryeo, and the conscriptions levied to man them, coupled with increased taxation to finance these wars and civil unrest as a result of this taxation ultimately led to the downfall of the dynasty.

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Emperor Yao

Emperor Yao (traditionally c. 2356 – 2255 BC) was a legendary Chinese ruler, according to various sources, one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors.

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Emperor Yingzong of Ming

Zhu Qizhen (29 November 1427 – 23 February 1464) was the sixth and eighth emperor of the Ming dynasty.

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Emperor Yingzong of Song

Emperor Yingzong of Song (16 February 1032 – 25 January 1067), personal name Zhao Shu, was the fifth emperor of the Song dynasty in China.

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Emperor Yizong of Tang

Emperor Yizong of Tang (December 28, 833 – August 15, 873), né Li Wen, later changed to Li Cui, was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China.

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Emperor Yizong of Western Xia

Emperor Yizong of Western Xia (1047–1068) was Emperor of the Western Xia from 1048 to 1067.

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Emperor Yuan of Han

Emperor Yuan of Han (75 BC – 8 July 33 BC) was an emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty.

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Emperor Yuan of Jin

Emperor Yuan of Jin (276 – 3 January 323), personal name Sima Rui (司馬睿), courtesy name Jingwen (景文), was an emperor of the Jin Dynasty and the first of the Eastern Jin.

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Emperor Yuan of Liang

Emperor Yuan of Liang (16 September 508 – 27 January 555), personal name Xiao Yi (蕭繹), courtesy name Shicheng (世誠), nickname Qifu (七符), was an emperor of the Chinese Liang Dynasty.

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Emperor Zhang of Han

Emperor Zhang of Han (57 – 9 April 88) was an emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty from 75 to 88.

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Emperor Zhangzong of Jin

Emperor Zhangzong of Jin (31 August 1168 – 29 December 1208), personal name Madage, sinicised name Wanyan Jing, was the sixth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries.

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Emperor Zhao of Han

Emperor Zhao of Han (94 BC – 5 June 74 BC), born Liu Fuling, was the emperor of the Western Han dynasty from 87 to 74 BC.

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Emperor Zhaozong of Tang

Emperor Zhaozong of Tang (March 31, 867 – September 22, 904), né Li Jie, name later changed to Li Min and again to Li Ye, was the penultimate emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China.

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Emperor Zhenzong

Emperor Zhenzong of Song (23 December 968 – 23 March 1022), personal name Zhao Heng, was the third emperor of the Song dynasty in China.

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Emperor Zhezong

Emperor Zhezong of Song (4 January 1077 – 23 February 1100), personal name Zhao Xu, was the seventh emperor of the Song dynasty in China.

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Emperor Zhi

Di Zhì or simply Zhì, was a mythological emperor of ancient China.

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Emperor Zhi of Han

Emperor Zhi of Han (138 – 26 July 146) was an emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty.

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Emperor Zhongzong of Tang

Emperor Zhongzong of Tang (26 November 656 – 3 July 710), personal name Li Xian, and at other times Li Zhe or Wu Xian, was the fourth Emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, ruling briefly in 684 and again from 705 to 710.

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Empress Dowager Cixi

Empress Dowager Cixi1 (Manchu: Tsysi taiheo; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a Chinese empress dowager and regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years from 1861 until her death in 1908.

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Fa of Xia

Emperor Fa (Chinese: 發) was the 16th ruler of the Xia Dynasty, father of the infamous Jie who brought the dynasty to its end.

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Family tree of ancient Chinese emperors

This is a family tree of Chinese kings before the establishment of the title emperor (皇帝) by Shi Huangdi.

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Feng Ba

Feng Ba (died 430), courtesy name Wenqi (文起), nickname Qizhifa (乞直伐), formally Emperor Wencheng of (Northern) Yan ((北)燕文成帝), was an emperor (but using the title "Heavenly Prince" (Tian Wang)) of the Chinese state Northern Yan.

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Feng Hong

Feng Hong (died 438), courtesy name Wentong (文通), formally Emperor Zhaocheng of (Northern) Yan ((北)燕昭成帝), was the last emperor of the Chinese state Northern Yan.

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Feng Yuxiang

Feng Yuxiang (6 November 1882 – 1 September 1948) was a warlord and leader in Republican China from Chaohu, Anhui.

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Five Dynasties

The Five Dynasties was an era of political upheaval in 10th-century China.

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Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was an era of political upheaval in 10th-century Imperial China.

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Forbidden City

The Forbidden City is a palace complex in central Beijing, China.

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Former Qin

The Former Qin (351-394) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms in eastern Asia, mainly China.

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Former Zhao

The Han Zhao (304–329), or Former Zhao, or Northern Han (北漢), was a Southern Xiongnu state during Sixteen Kingdoms period coeval with the Chinese Jin Dynasty (265-420).

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Fu Chong

Fu Chong (died 394) was an emperor of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin.

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Fu Deng

Fu Deng (343–394) was an emperor of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin.

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Fu Jian (317–355)

Fú Jiàn (317–355), originally named Pú Jiàn (蒲健, name changed 350), courtesy name Jianye (建業), formally Emperor Jingming of (Former) Qin ((前)秦景明帝), was the founding emperor of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin.

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Fu Jian (337–385)

Fú Jiān (337–385), courtesy name Yonggu (永固) or Wenyu (文玉), formally Emperor Xuanzhao of (Former) Qin ((前)秦宣昭帝), was an emperor (who, however, used the title "Heavenly Prince" (Tian Wang) during his reign) of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin, under whose rule (assisted by his able prime minister Wang Meng) the Former Qin state reached its greatest glory—destroying Former Yan, Former Liang, and Dai and seizing Jin's Yi Province (modern Sichuan and Chongqing), posturing to destroy Jin as well to unite China, until he was repelled at the Battle of Fei River in 383.

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Fu Pi

Fu Pi (died 386), courtesy name Yongshu (永叔), formally Emperor Aiping of (Former) Qin ((前)秦哀平帝), was an emperor of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin.

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Fu Sheng

Fu Sheng (335–357), originally named Pu Sheng (蒲生), courtesy name Changsheng (長生), formally Prince Li of Yue (越厲王), was an emperor of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin.

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Fuxi

Fuxi (Chinese: 伏羲), also romanized as Fu-hsi, is a culture hero in Chinese legend and mythology, credited (along with his sister Nüwa 女娲) with creating humanity and the invention of hunting, fishing and cooking as well as the Cangjie system of writing Chinese characters c. 2,000 BCE.

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Fuzhou

Fuzhou, formerly romanized as Foochow, is the capital and one of the largest cities in Fujian province, China.

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Gao Baorong

Gao Baorong (高保融) (920–960) was King of Nanping from 948 to 960, one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China.

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Gao Baoxu

Gao Baoxu (924–962), courtesy name Xinggong, was the fourth ruler of Jingnan, reigning as King of Nanping from 960 to 962.

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Gao Conghui

Gao Conghui (高從誨) (891 – December 1, 948; might have been born with or used the name Zhu Conghui (朱從誨), formally Prince Wenxian of Nanping (南平文獻王), courtesy name Zunsheng (遵聖)) was the ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Jingnan (Nanping) from 929 to 948.

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Gao Heng

Gao Heng (570–577), often known in history as the Youzhu of Northern Qi ((北)齊幼主), was briefly an emperor of Northern Qi.

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Gao Jichong

Gao Jichong (高繼沖) (943–973) was the last King of Jingnan during imperial China's Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Gao Jixing

Gao Jixing (高季興) (858 – January 28, 929), né Gao Jichang (高季昌), known for some time as Zhu Jichang (朱季昌), courtesy name Yisun (貽孫), formally Prince Wuxin of Chu (楚武信王), was the founder of Jingnan, also known as Nanping, one of the states during the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Gao of Xia

Gāo (Chinese: 皋) was an ancient king of China, the 15th ruler of the semi-legendary Xia Dynasty.

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Gao Shaoyi

Gao Shaoyi (高紹義), often known by his princely title of Prince of Fanyang (范陽王), was an imperial prince of the Chinese dynasty Northern Qi, who claimed the Northern Qi throne in exile under the protection of Tujue after rival Northern Zhou seized nearly all of Northern Qi territory and captured the emperors, Gao Shaoyi's cousin Gao Wei and Gao Wei's son Gao Heng in 577.

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Gao Wei

Gao Wei (高緯) (557–577), often known in history as Houzhu of Northern Qi ((北)齊後主), courtesy name Rengang (仁綱), sometimes referred to by his later Northern Zhou-created title of Duke of Wen (溫公), was an emperor of Northern Qi.

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Gao Yun (emperor)

Gao Yun (高雲), (Go Un (고운) in Korean) (died 409), at one time Murong Yun (慕容雲), courtesy name Ziyu (子雨), formally Emperor Huiyi of (Later)/(Northern) Yan ((後)/(北)燕惠懿帝), was an emperor who, depending on the historian's characterization, was either the last emperor of the Xianbei state Later Yan, or the first emperor of its succeeding state Northern Yan.

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Güyük Khan

Güyük (or Kuyuk; translit h) (c. March 19, 1206 – April 20, 1248) was the third Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, the eldest son of Ögedei Khan and a grandson of Genghis Khan.

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Gegeen Khan

Gegeen Khan (Mongolian: Шидэбал Гэгээн хаан, Shidebal Gegegen qaγan), born Shidibala, also known by the temple name Yingzong (Emperor Yingzong of Yuan, Chinese: 元英宗, February 22, 1302 – September 4, 1323), was the successor of Ayurbarwada to rule as Emperor of the Yuan dynasty.

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Geng Ding

Kang Ding (康丁) or Geng Ding (庚丁) was a king of the Shang dynasty of China from c. 1170 BC to c. 1147 BC.

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Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan or Temüjin Borjigin (Чингис хаан, Çingis hán) (also transliterated as Chinggis Khaan; born Temüjin, c. 1162 August 18, 1227) was the founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.

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Gengshi Emperor

The Gengshi Emperor (died AD 25), was an emperor of the Han Dynasty restored after the fall of Wang Mang's Xin Dynasty.

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Gonghe Regency

The Gonghe Regency was an interregnum period in Chinese history from 841 to 828 BC, after King Li of Zhou was exiled by his nobles until the ascension of his son, King Xuan of Zhou.

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Guangxu Emperor

The Guangxu Emperor (14 August 187114 November 1908), personal name Zaitian (Manchu: dzai-tiyan), was the eleventh emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the ninth Qing emperor to rule over China.

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Guo Wei

Guo Wei (郭威) (10 September 904 – 22 February 954), also known by his temple name Taizu (太祖), was the founding emperor of imperial China's short-lived Later Zhou during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, reigning from 951 until his death.

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Guo Zongxun

Guo Zongxun (郭宗訓) (14 September 953 – 973), also known by his posthumous name Gongdi (恭帝; "Emperor Gong"), was the third and last emperor of ancient China's short-lived Later Zhou during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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He Dan Jia

Jian Jia or He Dan Jia was a Shang dynasty King of China.

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Helian Bobo

Helian Bobo (Middle Chinese Guangyun:; 381–425), né Liu Bobo (劉勃勃), courtesy name Qujie (屈孑), formally Emperor Wulie of Xia (夏武烈帝), was the founding emperor of the Xiongnu state Xia.

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Helian Chang

Helian Chang (died 434), courtesy name Huan'guo (還國), nickname Zhe (折), was an emperor of the state Xia.

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Helian Ding

Helian Ding (died 432), nickname Zhifen (直獖), was the last emperor of the Xiongnu state Xia.

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History of China

The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC,William G. Boltz, Early Chinese Writing, World Archaeology, Vol.

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Hong Taiji

Hong Taiji (28November 159221 September1643), sometimes written as Huang Taiji and also referred to as Abahai in Western literature, was an Emperor of the Qing dynasty.

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Hong Tianguifu

Hong Tianguifu (23 November 1849 – 18 November 1864), also called Hong Tiangui and in Qing historical record, Hong Futian (洪福瑱 Hóng Fútiàn), was the second and last king of the Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping.

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Hong Xiuquan

Hong Xiuquan (洪秀全) (1 January 1814 – 1 June 1864), born Hong Huoxiu and with the courtesy name Renkun, was a Hakka Chinese leader of the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty.

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Hongwu Emperor

The Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang (Chu Yuan-chang in Wade-Giles), was the founding emperor of China's Ming dynasty.

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Hongxi Emperor

The Hongxi Emperor (洪熙; 16 August 1378 – 29 May 1425), personal name Zhu Gaochi (朱高熾), was the fourth emperor of the Ming dynasty of China.

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Hongzhi Emperor

The Hongzhi Emperor (30 July 1470 – 9 June 1505) was the tenth emperor of the Ming dynasty in China between 1487 and 1505.

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Huai of Xia

Huai (read Hui according to Sima Zhen) was the eighth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty of ancient China, who possibly ruled 44 years.

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Huang Chao

Huang Chao (835 – July 13, 884) was a Chinese smuggler, soldier, and rebel, and is most well known for being the leader of a major rebellion that severely weakened the Tang dynasty.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür

Jayaatu Khan (Mongolian: Заяат хаан, Jayaγatu qaγan, 1304–1332), born Tugh Temür, also known by the temple name Wenzong (Emperor Wenzong of Yuan, Chinese: 元文宗, 16 February 1304 – 2 September 1332), was an emperor of the Yuan dynasty.

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Jiajing Emperor

The Jiajing Emperor (16September 150723January 1567) was the 12th emperor of the Chinese Ming dynasty who ruled from 1521 to 1567.

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Jianwen Emperor

The Jianwen Emperor (5 December 1377 – 13 July 1402?) was the second emperor of the Ming dynasty in China.

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Jiaqing Emperor

The Jiaqing Emperor (13 November 1760 – 2 September 1820), personal name Yongyan, was the seventh emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1796 to 1820.

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Jie of Xia

King Jie (traditionally 17281675 BCE) was the 17th and last ruler of the Xia dynasty of China.

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Jiedushi

The jiedushi were regional military governors in China during the Tang dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

The Jin dynasty, officially known as the Great Jin, lasted from 1115 to 1234 as one of the last dynasties in Chinese history to predate the Mongol invasion of China.

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Jin of Xia

Jǐn (廑) was a king of China, the 13th ruler of the semi-legendary Xia Dynasty.

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Jingtai Emperor

The Jingtai Emperor (景泰) (21 September 1428 – 14 March 1457), born Zhu Qiyu, was Emperor of China from 1449 to 1457.

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Jiong of Xia

Jiong was a Chinese king, the 12th ruler of the semi-legendary Xia Dynasty.

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Juqu Anzhou

Juqu Anzhou (died 460) is viewed by some historians as a ruler of the Xiongnu states Northern Liang, as after the state's territory was largely seized by Northern Wei in 439, and his older brother Juqu Mujian (Prince Ai) was captured by Northern Wei, Juqu Anzhou's brother Juqu Wuhui tried to hold out against Northern Wei, initially on Northern Liang's old territory, and later, after that attempt failed, at Gaochang.

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Juqu Mengxun

Juqu Mengxun (368–433) was a king of the Xiongnu state Northern Liang, and the first from the Juqu clan.

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Juqu Mujian

Juqu Mujian (before 420 – 447), named Juqu Maoqian (沮渠茂虔) in some sources, formally Prince Ai of Hexi (河西哀王), was a king of the Xiongnu state Northern Liang—with most Chinese historians considering him the last king, although with some considering his brothers Juqu Wuhui and Juqu Anzhou to be kings of the state as well.

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Juqu Wuhui

Juqu Wuhui (died 444) is viewed by some historians as a prince of the Xiongnu state Northern Liang, as after the state's territory was largely seized by Northern Wei in 439, and his older brother Juqu Mujian (Prince Ai) was captured by Northern Wei, Juqu Wuhui tried to hold out against Northern Wei, initially on Northern Liang's old territory, and later, after that attempt failed, at Gaochang.

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Kangxi Emperor

The Kangxi Emperor (康熙; 4 May 165420 December 1722), personal name Xuanye, was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Shanhai Pass near Beijing, and the second Qing emperor to rule over that part of China, from 1661 to 1722.

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Külüg Khan

Külüg Khan (Mongolian: Хөлөг хаан, Hülüg Khaan, Külüg qaγan), born Khayishan (also spelled Khayisan, Хайсан, meaning "wall"), also known by the temple name Wuzong (Emperor Wuzong of Yuan) (August 4, 1281 – January 27, 1311), Prince of Huai-ning (懷寧王) in 1304-7,was an emperor of the Yuan dynasty.

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Khutughtu Khan Kusala

Khutughtu Khan (Mongolian: Хутагт хаан, Hutagt haan, Qutuγtu qaγan), born Kuśala (Mongolian: Хүслэн Höslen), also known by the temple name Mingzong (Emperor Mingzong of Yuan, Chinese: 元明宗, December 22, 1300 – August 30, 1329), was a son of Khayishan who seized the throne of the Yuan dynasty in 1329, but died soon after.

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King Ai of Zhou

King Ai of Zhou was the twenty-ninth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the seventeenth of Eastern Zhou.

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King An of Zhou

King An of Zhou was the thirty-third king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the twenty first of Eastern Zhou.

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King Cheng of Zhou

King Cheng of Zhou or King Ch'eng of Chou was the second king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty.

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King Dao of Zhou

King Dao of Zhou (died 520 BC), or King Tao of Chou, was the twenty-fifth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the thirteenth of Eastern Zhou.

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King Ding of Zhou

King Ding of Zhou, or King Ting of Chou, was the twenty-first king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the ninth of Eastern Zhou.

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King Gong of Zhou

King Gong of Zhou or King Kung of Chou was the sixth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty.

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King Huan of Zhou

King Huan of Zhou (died 697 BC) was the fourteenth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the second of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770-256 BC).

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King Hui of Zhou

King Hui of Zhou was the seventeenth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the fifth of Eastern Zhou.

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King Jian of Zhou

King Jian of Zhou, or King Chien of Chou, was the twenty-second king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the tenth of Eastern Zhou.

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King Jing of Zhou (Gai)

King Jing of Zhou,, or King Ching of Chou, was the twenty-sixth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the fourteenth of Eastern Zhou.

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King Jing of Zhou (Gui)

King Jing of Zhou,, or King Ching of Chou, was the twenty-fourth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the twelfth of Eastern Zhou.

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King Kang of Zhou

King Kang of Zhou or King K’ang of Chou was the third sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and son of the King Cheng of Zhou.

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King Kao of Zhou

King Kao of Zhou was the thirty first king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the nineteenth of Eastern Zhou.

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King Kuang of Zhou

King Kuang of Zhou, or King K’uang of Chou, was the twentieth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the eighth of Eastern Zhou.

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King Li of Zhou

King Li of Zhou (died in 828 BC) was the tenth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty.

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King Lie of Zhou

King Lie of Zhou, or King Lieh of Chou, was the thirty-fourth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the twenty-second of Eastern Zhou.

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King Ling of Zhou

King Ling of Zhou was the twenty-third king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the eleventh of Eastern Zhou.

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King Mu of Zhou

King Mu of Zhou was the fifth king of the Zhou dynasty of China.

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King Nan of Zhou

King Nan of Zhou (?–256 BC), born Ji Yan and less commonly known as King Yin of Zhou, was the 37th and last king of the Chinese Zhou dynasty, the son of King Shenjing of Zhou and grandson of King Xian of Zhou.

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King Ping of Zhou

King Ping of Zhou (died 720 BC), formerly romanized as King P’ing of Chou, was the thirteenth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the first of Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

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King Qing of Zhou

King Qing of Zhou, or King Ch’ing of Chou, was the nineteenth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the seventh of Eastern Zhou.

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King Shenjing of Zhou

King Shenjing of Zhou, or King Shenching of Chou, was the thirty-sixth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the twenty-fourth of Eastern Zhou.

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King Si of Zhou

King Si of Zhou was the thirtieth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the eighteenth of Eastern Zhou.

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King Weilie of Zhou

King Weilie of Zhou, or King Weilieh of Chou, was the thirty-second king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the twentieth of Eastern Zhou.

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King Wu of Zhou

King Wu of Zhou was the first king of the Zhou dynasty of ancient China.

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King Xi of Zhou

King Xi of Zhou (died 677 BC) was the sixteenth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the fourth of Eastern Zhou.

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King Xian of Zhou

King Xian of Zhou, or King Hsien of Chou, was the thirty-fifth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the twenty-third of Eastern Zhou.

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King Xiang of Zhou

King Xiang of Zhou (died 619BC), name Ji Zheng, was the eighteenth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the sixth of the Eastern Zhou.

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King Xiao of Zhou

King Xiao of Zhou or King Hsiao of Chou was the eighth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty.

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King Xuan of Zhou

King Xuan of Zhou was the eleventh king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty.

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King Yi of Zhou (Jian)

King Yì of Zhou was the seventh king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty.

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King Yi of Zhou (Xie)

King Yi of Zhou was the ninth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty.

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King You of Zhou

King You of Zhou (795–771 BC) was the eleventh king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the last of Western Zhou Dynasty.

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King Yuan of Zhou

King Yuan of Zhou was the twenty-seventh king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the fifteenth of Eastern Zhou.

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King Zhao of Zhou

King Zhao of Zhou, personal name Jī Xiá, was the fourth king of the Chinese Zhou dynasty.

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King Zhending of Zhou

King Zhending of Zhou, or King Chenting of Chou, was the twenty-eighth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the sixteenth of Eastern Zhou.

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King Zhou of Shang

King Zhou was the pejorative posthumous name given to Di Xin, the last king of the Shang dynasty of ancient China.

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King Zhuang of Zhou

King Zhuang of Zhou (died 682 BC) or King Chuang of Chou was the fifteenth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the third of Eastern Zhou.

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Kong Jia

Kǒng Jiǎ (孔甲) was a king of ancient China, the 14th ruler of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty.

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Koxinga

Zheng Chenggong, better known in the West by his Hokkien honorific Koxinga or Coxinga, was a Chinese Ming loyalist who resisted the Qing conquest of China in the 17th century, fighting them on China's southeastern coast.

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Kublai Khan

Kublai (Хубилай, Hubilai; Simplified Chinese: 忽必烈) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position).

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Kuchlug

Kuchlug (also spelled Küchlüg, Küçlüg, Güčülüg) was a member of the Naiman tribe of western Mongolia who became the last ruler of Qara Khitai empire.

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Later Qin

The Later Qin (384-417), also known as Yao Qin (姚秦), was a state of Qiang ethnicity of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin dynasty (265-420) in China.

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Latter Deposed Emperor of Liu Song

The Latter Deposed Emperor of Liu Song ((劉)宋後廢帝, also known as Emperor Houfei) (1 March 463 – 1 August 477), also known by posthumous demoted title of Prince of Cangwu (蒼梧王), personal name Liu Yu (劉昱), courtesy name Derong (德融), nickname Huizhen (慧震), was an emperor of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song.

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Lü Guang

Lü Guang (337–400), courtesy name Shiming (世明), formally Emperor Yiwu of (Later) Liang ((後)涼懿武帝), was the founding emperor of the Chinese/Di state Later Liang (although during most of his reign, he used the title "Heavenly Prince" (Tian Wang)).

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Lü Long

Lü Long (died 416), courtesy name Yongji (永基), was the last emperor of the Chinese/Di state Later Liang.

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Lü Shao

Lü Shao (died 400), courtesy name Yongye (永業), formally Prince Yin of (Later) Liang ((後)涼隱王), was briefly an emperor (with the title of "Heavenly Prince" (Tian Wang)) of the Chinese/Di state Later Liang.

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Lü Zuan

Lü Zuan (died 401), courtesy name Yongxu (永緒), formally Emperor Ling of (Later) Liang ((後)涼靈帝), was an emperor of the Chinese/Di state Later Liang.

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Li Ban

Li Ban (李班) (288–334), courtesy name Shiwen (世文), posthumous name initially Crown Prince Li (戾太子), later Emperor Ai of Cheng (Han) (成(漢)哀帝), was briefly an emperor of the Chinese/Ba-Di state Cheng Han.

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Li Bian

Li Bian (7 January 889 – 30 March 943, courtesy name Zhenglun), known as Xu Gao between 937 and 939 and Xu Zhigao before 937, and possibly Li Pengnu during his childhood, also known posthumously by his temple name Liezu, was the founder and first emperor of the Southern Tang.

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Li Conghou

Li Conghou (李從厚) (914–934), formally Emperor Min of Later Tang (後唐閔帝), nickname Pusanu (菩薩奴, "slave of a Bodhisattva"), was an emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Later Tang, ruling between 933 and 934.

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Li Congke

Li Congke (11 February 885 – 11 January 937), also known posthumously as Emperor Mo of Later Tang (後唐末帝, "last emperor of Later Tang"), Emperor Fei of Later Tang (後唐廢帝, "deposed emperor of Later Tang"), Wang Congke (王從珂) (particularly during succeeding Later Jin, which did not recognize him as a legitimate Later Tang emperor), or Prince of Lu (潞王, a title Li Congke carried prior to his reign), nickname Ershisan (二十三, "23") or, in short, Asan (阿三), was the last emperor of the Later Tang - the second of the Five Dynasties following the fall of the Tang Dynasty.

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Li Cunxu

Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang, personal name Li Cunxu, nickname Yazi (亞子), was the Prince of Jin (908–923) and later became Emperor of Later Tang (923–926), of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period of Chinese history.

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Li Gao

Li Gao (351–417), courtesy name Xuansheng (玄盛), nickname Changsheng (長生), formally Prince Wuzhao of (Western) Liang ((西)涼武昭王), was the founding duke of the Chinese state Western Liang.

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Li Jing (Southern Tang)

Li Jing (李璟, later changed to 李景) (916Old History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 134. – August 12, 961Xu Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 2..), originally Xu Jingtong (徐景通), briefly Xu Jing (徐璟) in 937–939, courtesy name Boyu (伯玉), also known by his temple name Yuanzong (元宗), was the second ruler (sometimes called Zhongzhu (中主, "Middle Ruler")) of imperial China's Southern Tang state during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Li Qi (emperor)

Li Qi (314–338), courtesy name Shiyun (世運), posthumous name Duke You of Qiongdu (邛都幽公), was an emperor of the Chinese/Ba-Di state Cheng Han.

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Li Shi

Li Shi (died 361), courtesy name Ziren (子仁), historically known by his Jin Dynasty (265-420)-bestowed title Marquess of Guiyi (歸義侯), was the last emperor of the Chinese/Ba-Di state Cheng Han.

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Li Shou

Li Shou (300–343), courtesy name Wukao (武考), formally Emperor Zhaowen of (Cheng) Han ((成)漢昭文帝), was an emperor of the Chinese/Ba-Di state Cheng Han.

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Li Siyuan

Li Siyuan (李嗣源, later changed to Li Dan (李亶) Many Chinese emperors changed their given names to rarely encountered characters to alleviate the burden of the populace who must observe naming taboo.) (10 October 867 – 15 December 933), also known by his temple name Mingzong (明宗), was the second emperor of imperial China's short-lived Later Tang during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, reigning from 926 until his death.

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Li Xin (Western Liang)

Li Xin (died 420), courtesy name Shiye (士業), nickname Tongzhui (桐椎), was a duke of the Chinese state Western Liang.

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Li Xiong

Li Xiong (李雄) (274–334), courtesy name Zhongjuan (仲雋), formally Emperor Wu of Cheng (Han) (成(漢)武帝), was the first emperor of the Chinese/Ba-Di state Cheng Han and commonly regarded as its founder (although some historians date Cheng Han's founding to Li Xiong's father Li Te).

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Li Xun

Li Xun (died 421), courtesy name Shiru (士如), was the final ruler of the Chinese state Western Liang, who tried to hold out against the conquering Northern Liang armies under its prince Juqu Mengxun, after his brother Li Xin's death in 420.

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Li Yu (Southern Tang)

Li Yu (937 – 15 August 978), before 961 known as Li Congjia (李從嘉), also known as Li Houzhu (李後主; literally "Last Ruler Li" or "Last Lord Li"), was the third rulerUnlike his father and grandfather, Li Yu never ruled as an emperor.

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Li Zicheng

Li Zicheng (22 September 1606 – 1645), born Li Hongji, also known by the nickname, "Dashing King", was a Chinese rebel leader who overthrew the Ming dynasty in 1644 and ruled over China briefly as the emperor of the short-lived Shun dynasty before his death a year later.

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Liang dynasty

The Liang dynasty (502–557), also known as the Southern Liang dynasty (南梁), was the third of the Southern Dynasties during China's Southern and Northern Dynasties period.

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Lin Xin

Lin Xin (廩辛) was king of the Shang dynasty of China.

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List of Chinese leaders

This is a list of Chinese leaders.

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List of Emperors of China's Northern Dynasties

The Northern Dynasties (北朝 běi cháo) describe a succession of Chinese empires that coexisted alongside a series of Southern Dynasties.

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List of Presidents of the People's Republic of China

This is a list of the Presidents and other heads of state of the People's Republic of China.

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List of Presidents of the Republic of China

This is a list of the Presidents of the Republic of China (1912–present).

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Liu Bei

Liu Bei (161 – 10 June 223), courtesy name Xuande, was a warlord in the late Eastern Han dynasty who founded the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period and became its first ruler.

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Liu Bian

Liu Bian (176 – 6 March 190), also known as Emperor Shao of Han and the Prince of Hongnong, was the 13th emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty in China.

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Liu Bin (Southern Han)

Liu Bin (劉玢) (920 – April 15, 943), né Liu Hongdu (劉弘度), may be nicknamed Shou (壽),Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms,.

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Liu Can

Liu Can (died 318), courtesy name Shiguang, Posthumous name (as given by Jin Zhun) Emperor Yin of Han (Zhao), was an emperor of the Xiongnu state Han Zhao, who reigned briefly in 318 before being killed by his trusted father-in-law Jin Zhun.

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Liu Chang (Southern Han)

Liu Chang (942–980), originally Liu Jixing (劉繼興), was the fourth, last and youngest Chinese emperor of Southern Han during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, reigning from 958 until his country was annexed by the Song dynasty in 971.

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Liu Chengyou

Liu Chengyou (劉承祐) (28 March 931. – 2 January 951), also known by his posthumous name Emperor Yin (隱皇帝), was the second and final emperor of imperial China's short-lived Later Han during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, reigning from 948 until his death.

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Liu Chong

Liu Min (劉旻) (895 – 954), named Liu Chong (劉崇) before 951, also known by his temple name Shizu (世祖), was the founding emperor of imperial China's Northern Han state during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Liu Cong (Han Zhao)

Liu Cong (died 318), courtesy name Xuanming, nickname Zai, formally Emperor Zhaowu of Han (Zhao), was an emperor of the Xiongnu state Han Zhao.

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Liu Congxiao

Liu Congxiao (906-962), formally the Prince of Jinjiang, was a general of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min.

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Liu He (Han Zhao)

Liu He (died 310), courtesy name Xuantai, was for seven days an emperor of the Xiongnu state Han Zhao in 310.

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Liu Jiyuan

Liu Jiyuan (劉繼元) (died in 992), was the last ruler of China's Northern Han kingdom in its Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Liu Jun (Northern Han)

Liu Jun (926–968) originally Liu Chengjun (劉承鈞), was the 2nd ruler of the Shatuo state of Northern Han.

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Liu Qubei

Liu Qubei (pinyin: Liú Qùbēi), (died 272) was a Tiefu Hun (Ch. Xiongnu) chieftain from 260 to 272.

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Liu Shan

Liu Shan (207–271), courtesy name Gongsi, was the second and last emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period.

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Liu Shaozi

LIu Shaozi (留紹鎡) was a nephew of Liu Congxiao, a warlord late in the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period.

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Liu Sheng (Southern Han)

Liu Sheng (920–958), born Liu Hongxi (劉弘熙), may be nicknamed Jun (雋),Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms,.

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Liu Song dynasty

The Song dynasty, better known as the Liu Song dynasty (420–479 CE;; Wade-Giles: Liu Sung), also known as Former Song (前宋) or Southern Song (南宋), was the first of the four Southern Dynasties in China, succeeding the Eastern Jin and followed by the Southern Qi.

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Liu Yan (emperor)

Liu Yan (Lưu Nghiễm; 889 – June 10, 942), né Liu Yan (劉巖), also known as Liu Zhi (劉陟) (from c. 896 to 911) and briefly as Liu Gong (劉龔), formally Tianhuang Dadi (天皇大帝) with the temple name Gaozu (高祖), was the first emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Southern Han.

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Liu Yao

Liu Yao (died 329), courtesy name Yongming, was the final emperor of the Xiongnu state Han Zhao.

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Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)

Liu Yuan (劉淵) (died 310), courtesy name Yuanhai (元海), formally Emperor Guangwen of Han (Zhao) (漢(趙)光文帝) was the founding emperor of the Xiongnu state Han Zhao in 308.

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Liu Zhiyuan

Liu Zhiyuan (劉知遠) (March 4, 895 – March 10, 948), later changed to Liu Gao (劉暠), formally Emperor Gaozu of (Later) Han ((後)漢高祖), was the ethnically-Shatuo founder of the Later Han, the fourth of the Five Dynasties in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of Chinese history. It, if the subsequent Northern Han is not considered part of its history, was also one of the shortest-lived states in Chinese history, lasting only three years.

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Liu Ziye

Former Deposed Emperor of Liu Song ((劉)宋前廢帝) (25 February 449 – 1 January 466) or Emperor Qianfei, personal name Liu Ziye (劉子業), nickname Fashi (法師), was an emperor of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song.

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Longqing Emperor

The Longqing Emperor (4March 15375July 1572), personal name Zhu Zaiji (朱載坖), was the 13th emperor of the Ming dynasty of China from 1567 to 1572.

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Luoyang

Luoyang, formerly romanized as Loyang, is a city located in the confluence area of Luo River and Yellow River in the west of Henan province.

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Ma Xi'e

Ma Xi'e (馬希萼), formally Prince Gongxiao of Chu (楚恭孝王), was the fifth ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Chu.

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Ma Xichong

Ma Xichong (馬希崇) was the sixth and final ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Chu.

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Ma Xifan

Ma Xifan (899 – May 30, 947), courtesy name Baogui (寶規), formally Prince Wenzhao of Chu (楚文昭王), was the third ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Chu.

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Ma Xiguang

Ma Xiguang (馬希廣) (d. January 25, 951), courtesy name Depi (德丕), was the fourth ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Chu.

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Ma Xisheng

Ma Xisheng (馬希聲) (899 – August 15, 932), courtesy name Ruona (若訥), formally the Prince of Hengyang (衡陽王), was the second ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Chu, ruling briefly from his father's death in 930 to his own death in 932.

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Ma Yin

Ma Yin (853-December 2, 930), courtesy name Batu (霸圖), formally King Wumu of Chu (楚武穆王), was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty who became the first ruler of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Chu and the only one who carried the title of "king."Ma Yin's title was Wang (王) in Chinese, which could be translated as either "Prince" or "King" in English.

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Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia from 1932 until 1945.

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Mang of Xia

Máng (芒, read Wáng according to Sima Zhen) was a king of ancient China, the ninth ruler of the semi-legendary Xia Dynasty.

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Marquess of Beixiang

The Marquess of Beixiang (died 10 December 125), personal name Liu Yi, also referred to as Emperor Shao (少帝, literally "young emperor"), was an emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty.

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Marquis of Haihun

Liu He (c.92- 59 BC) was an emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty with the era name Yuanping.

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Möngke Khan

Möngke (valign / Мөнх;; January 11, 1209 – August 11, 1259) was the fourth khagan of the Mongol Empire, ruling from July 1, 1251, to August 11, 1259.

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Meng Chang

Meng Chang (孟昶) (919–965), originally Meng Renzan (孟仁贊), courtesy name Baoyuan (保元), formally Prince Gongxiao of Chu (楚恭孝王) (as posthumously honored by Emperor Taizu of Song), was the second emperor of Later Shu during imperial China's Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Meng Zhixiang

Meng Zhixiang (孟知祥, May 10, 874–September 7, 934, courtesy name Baoyin, 保胤,New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 64. formally Emperor Gaozu of Shu, 蜀高祖) was a general of the Later Tang who went on to found the independent state of Later Shu during the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

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Murong Bao

Murong Bao (355–398), courtesy name Daoyou (道佑), formally Emperor Huimin of (Later) Yan ((後)燕惠愍帝), temple name Liezong (烈宗) or Liezu (烈祖), was an emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei state Later Yan.

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Murong Chao

Murong Chao (385–410), courtesy name Zuming (祖明), was the last emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei state Southern Yan.

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Murong Chong

Murong Chong (359–386), formally Emperor Wei of (Western) Yan ((西)燕威帝), was an emperor of the Western Yan.

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Murong Chui

Murong Chui (326–396), courtesy name Daoming (道明), formally Emperor Wucheng of (Later) Yan ((後)燕武成帝) was a great general of the Chinese/Xianbei state Former Yan who later became the founding emperor of Later Yan.

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Murong De

Murong De (336–405), name changed in 400 to Murong Beide (慕容備德), courtesy name Xuanming (玄明), formally Emperor Xianwu of (Southern) Yan ((南)燕獻武帝), was the founding emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei state Southern Yan.

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Murong Hong

Murong Hong (died 384) was the founder of the Xianbei state Western Yan.

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Murong Huang

Murong Huang (297–348), courtesy name Yuanzhen (元真), formally Prince Wenming of (Former) Yan ((前)燕文明王) was a ruler of the Xianbei state Former Yan and the commonly recognized founder of the state.

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Murong Jun

Murong Jun (319–360), courtesy name Xuanying (宣英), formally Emperor Jingzhao of (Former) Yan ((前)燕景昭帝), was an emperor of Former Yan.

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Murong Sheng

Murong Sheng (373–401), courtesy name Daoyun (道運), formally Emperor Zhaowu of (Later) Yan ((後)燕昭武帝), was an emperor of the Xianbei state Later Yan.

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Murong Wei

Murong Wei (350–385), courtesy name Jingmao (景茂), formally Emperor You of (Former) Yan ((前)燕幽帝, posthumous name given by his uncle Murong De, emperor of Southern Yan) was the last emperor of the Xianbei state Former Yan.

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Murong Xi

Murong Xi (385–407), courtesy name Daowen (道文), formally Emperor Zhaowen of (Later) Yan ((後)燕昭文帝), was an emperor of the Xianbei state Later Yan.

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Murong Yao

Murong Yao (died 386) was an emperor of the Xianbei state Western Yan.

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Murong Yi

Murong Yi (died 386) was a ruler of the Xianbei state Western Yan.

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Murong Yong

Murong Yong (died 394), courtesy name Shuming (叔明), was the last emperor of the Xianbei state Western Yan.

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Murong Zhong

Murong Zhong (died 386) was an emperor of the Xianbei state Western Yan.

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Naming convention

A naming convention is a convention (generally agreed scheme) for naming things.

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Nan Geng

Nan Geng was a king of the Shang dynasty of ancient China.

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Nanjing

Nanjing, formerly romanized as Nanking and Nankin, is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China and the second largest city in the East China region, with an administrative area of and a total population of 8,270,500.

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Nüwa

Nüwa or Nügua is the mother goddess of Chinese mythology, the sister and wife of Fuxi, the emperor-god.

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Northern and Southern dynasties

The Northern and Southern dynasties was a period in the history of China that lasted from 420 to 589, following the tumultuous era of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Wu Hu states.

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Northern Qi

The Northern Qi was one of the Northern dynasties of Chinese history and ruled northern China from 550 to 577.

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Northern Wei

The Northern Wei or the Northern Wei Empire, also known as the Tuoba Wei (拓跋魏), Later Wei (後魏), or Yuan Wei (元魏), was a dynasty founded by the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei, which ruled northern China from 386 to 534 (de jure until 535), during the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

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Northern Yuan dynasty

The Northern Yuan dynasty, was a Mongol régime based in the Mongolian homeland.

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Northern Zhou

The Northern Zhou followed the Western Wei, and ruled northern China from 557 to 581 AD.

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Nurhaci

Nurhaci (alternatively Nurhachi; 21 February 1559 – 30 September 1626) was a Jurchen chieftain of Jianzhou, a vassal of Ming, who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Manchuria.

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Otto Braun (communist)

Otto Braun (28 September 1900 – 15 August 1974) was a German Communist with a long and varied career.

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Pan Geng

Pán Gēng, given name Xun, was a Shang dynasty King of China.

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Paramount leader

In modern Chinese politics, the paramount leader of the Communist Party of China and the State is an informal term that refers to the most prominent political leader in the People's Republic of China.

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Posthumous name

A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty, nobles, and sometimes others, in East Asia after the person's death, and is used almost exclusively instead of one's personal name or other official titles during his life.

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Puyi

Puyi or Pu Yi (7 February 190617 October 1967), of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing dynasty.

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Qara Khitai

The Qara Khitai (alternatively spelled Kara Khitai; Хар Хятан; 1124–1218), also known as the Kara Khitan Khanate or Western Liao, officially the Great Liao, was a sinicized Khitan empire in Central Asia.

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Qi of Xia

Qi was a Chinese king, the son of Yu the Great and the second sovereign of the Xia Dynasty.

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Qian Chu

Qian Chu (29 September 929 – 7 October 988, courtesy name Wende), known as Qian Hongchu before 960, was the last king of Wuyue, reigning from 947 until 978 when he surrendered his kingdom to the Song dynasty.

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Qian Hongzong

Qian Hongzong (錢弘倧) (928–971?), known as Qian Zong (錢倧) during Song, courtesy name Longdao (隆道), nickname Wanjin (萬金), formally King Zhongxun of Wuyue (吳越忠遜王), was the fourth king of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Wuyue.

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Qian Hongzuo

Qian Hongzuo (錢弘佐) (August 14, 928 – June 22, 947), courtesy name Yuanyou (元祐), formally King Zhongxian of Wuyue (吳越忠獻王), possibly with the temple name of Chengzong (成宗), was the third king of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Wuyue.

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Qian Liu

Qian Liu (10 March 852.Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms (十國春秋),. - 6 May 932,Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 277. courtesy name Jumei), known as Qian Poliu during his childhood, was a warlord of the late Tang dynasty who founded the Wuyue kingdom.

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Qian Yuanguan

Qian Yuanguan (錢元瓘) (November 30, 887 – September 17, 941Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 282.), born Qian Chuanguan (錢傳瓘), formally King Wenmu of Wuyue (吳越文穆王), courtesy name Mingbao (明寶), was the second king of the state of Wuyue, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China.

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Qianlong Emperor

The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 1711 – 7 February 1799) was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper.

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Qiao Zong

Qiao Zong (died 413) was a Han Chinese military leader in present-day Sichuan province in China during the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

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Qifu Chipan

Qifu Chipan (died 428), formally Prince Wenzhao of (Western) Qin ((西)秦文昭王), was a prince of the Xianbei state Western Qin.

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Qifu Gangui

Qifu Gangui or Qifu Qiangui (died 412), formally Prince Wuyuan of Henan (河南武元王), was a prince of the Xianbei state Western Qin.

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Qifu Guoren

Qifu Guoren (died 388), formally Prince Xuanlie of Wanchuan (苑川宣烈王), was the founding ruler of the Xianbei state Western Qin.

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Qifu Mumo

Qifu Mumo (died 431), courtesy name Anshiba (安石跋), was the last prince of the Xianbei state Western Qin.

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Qin (state)

Qin (Old Chinese: *) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty.

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Qin dynasty

The Qin dynasty was the first dynasty of Imperial China, lasting from 221 to 206 BC.

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Qin Shi Huang

Qin Shi Huang (18 February 25910 September 210) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and was the first emperor of a unified China.

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Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.

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Ragibagh Khan

Ragibagh (Arigabag), also known as Emperor Tianshun of Yuan (Chinese: 元天順帝), was a son of Yesün Temür who was briefly installed to the throne of the Yuan dynasty in Shangdu in 1328.

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Ran Min

Ran Min (died 352), also known as Shi Min (石閔), posthumously honored by Former Yan as Heavenly Prince Daowu of (Ran) Wei ((冉)魏悼武天王), courtesy name Yongzeng (永曾), nickname Jinu (棘奴), was a military leader during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China and the only emperor of the short-lived state Ran Wei (冉魏).

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Records of the Grand Historian

The Records of the Grand Historian, also known by its Chinese name Shiji, is a monumental history of ancient China and the world finished around 94 BC by the Han dynasty official Sima Qian after having been started by his father, Sima Tan, Grand Astrologer to the imperial court.

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Regnal name

A regnal name, or reign name, is a name used by some monarchs and popes during their reigns, and used subsequently to refer to them.

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Regnal year

A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin regnum meaning kingdom, rule.

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Republic of China (1912–1949)

The Republic of China was a sovereign state in East Asia, that occupied the territories of modern China, and for part of its history Mongolia and Taiwan.

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Rinchinbal Khan

Rinchinbal (translit; ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨᠪᠠᠯ,; from Tibetan ཡིད་བཞིན་འགྲུབ་པ།rin chen dpal), also known by the temple name Ningzong (Emperor Ningzong of Yuan, Chinese: 元寧宗, May 1, 1326 – December 14, 1332), was a son of Kuśala who was briefly installed to the throne of the Yuan dynasty, but died soon after he seized the throne.

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Ruzi Ying

Ruzi Ying (5 – 25), also known as Emperor Ruzi of Han and the personal name of Liu Ying (劉嬰), was the last emperor of the Chinese Western Han Dynasty from 6 CE to 9 CE.

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Second Emperor of Qin

The Second Emperor of Qin (229 – October 207 BCE) was the son of Qin Shi Huang and the second emperor of China's Qin dynasty.

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Shao Kang

Shao Kang (his surname was Sì 姒) was the sixth king of the Xia dynasty of ancient China.

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Shaohao

Shaohao, also known as Shao Hao, Jin Tian or Xuanxiao, was a legendary Chinese sovereign who reigned c. 2600 BC.

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Shennong

Shennong (which can be variously translated as "God Farmer" or "God Peasant", "Agriculture God"), also known as the Wugushen (五穀神 "Five Grains' or Five Cereals' God") or also Wuguxiandi (五穀先帝 "First Deity of the Five Grains"), is a deity in Chinese religion, a mythical sage ruler of prehistoric China.

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Shenyang

Shenyang, formerly known by its Manchu name Mukden or Fengtian, is the provincial capital and the largest city of Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, as well as the largest city in Northeast China by urban population.

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Shi Chonggui

Shi Chonggui (Chinese: 石重貴) (914–974), known in traditional Chinese historical sources as Emperor Chu of Later Jin (後晉出帝, "the exiled emperor") or Emperor Shao of Later Jin (後晉少帝, "the young emperor"), posthumously known in Liao as the Prince of Jin (晉王), was the second and last emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Later Jin.

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Shi Hong

Shi Hong (石弘) (313–334), courtesy name Daya (大雅), was briefly an emperor of the Chinese/Jie state Later Zhao after the death of his father Shi Le, Later Zhao's founder.

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Shi Hu

Shi Hu (295–349), courtesy name Jilong (季龍), formally Emperor Wu of (Later) Zhao ((後)趙武帝), was an emperor of the Chinese/Jie state Later Zhao.

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Shi Jian

Shi Jian (石鑒) (died 350) was briefly (for 103 days) an emperor of the Chinese/Jie state Later Zhao.

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Shi Jingtang

Shi Jingtang (石敬瑭) (30 March 892 – 28 July 942Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 283.), also known by his temple name Gaozu (高祖), was the founding emperor of imperial China's short-lived Later Jin during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, reigning from 936 until his death.

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Shi Le

Shi Le (274–333), courtesy name Shilong, formally Emperor Ming of (Later) Zhao, was the founding emperor of the Chinese/Jie state Later Zhao.

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Shi Shi

Shi Shi (339–349) was briefly (for 33 days) the emperor of the Jie/Chinese Hun state Later Zhao following his father Shi Hu's death in 349.

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Shi Zhi

Shi Zhi (died 351) was briefly, for about one year, an emperor of the Chinese/Jie state Later Zhao.

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Shi Zun

Shi Zun (石遵) (died 349) was briefly (for 183 days) an emperor of the Chinese/Jie state Later Zhao.

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Shu Han

Shu or Shu Han (221–263) was one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280).

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Shun dynasty

The Shun dynasty, or Great Shun, was a short-lived dynasty created in the Ming-Qing transition from Ming to Qing rule in Chinese history.

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Shunzhi Emperor

The Shunzhi Emperor; Manchu: ijishūn dasan hūwangdi; ᠡᠶ ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ |translit.

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Southern Ming

The Southern Ming was a loyalist movement that was active in southern China following the Ming dynasty's collapse in 1644.

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Southern Qi

The Southern Qi (479-502) was the second of the Southern dynasties in China, followed by the Liang Dynasty.

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Spring and Autumn period

The Spring and Autumn period was a period in Chinese history from approximately 771 to 476 BC (or according to some authorities until 403 BC) which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou Period.

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Suiren

Suiren (Chinese: 燧人, pinyin: suì rén) was included on some ancient lists of the legendary Three August Ones who lived long before Emperor Yao, Emperor Shun, and the emperors of the earliest historical Chinese dynasty (Xia), and even before the Yellow Emperor & Yandi.

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Sun Hao

Sun Hao (243 – January or February 284), courtesy name Yuanzong, originally named Sun Pengzu with the courtesy name Haozong, was the fourth and last emperor of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China.

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Sun Liang

Sun Liang (243–260), courtesy name Ziming, was the second emperor of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China.

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Sun Quan

Sun Quan (182 – 21 May 252), courtesy name Zhongmou, formally known as Emperor Da of Wu (literally "Great Emperor of Wu"), was the founder of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period.

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Sun Xiu

Sun Xiu (235 – 3 September 264), courtesy name Zilie, formally known as Emperor Jing of Wu, was the third emperor of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China.

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Tai Geng

Da Geng or Tai Geng was a king of the Shang dynasty of ancient China.

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Tai Jia

Tai Jia or Da Jia, personal name Zhi (至), was the son of Prince Da Ding (son of King Tang) and a king of the ancient Chinese Shang dynasty.

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Tai Kang

Tai Kang was the third ruler or king of the Xia Dynasty.

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Tai Wu

Da Wu or Tai Wu was a Shang dynasty King of China.

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Taichang Emperor

The Taichang Emperor (28 August 1582 – 26 September 1620), personal name Zhu Changluo, was the 15th emperor of the Ming dynasty of China.

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Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, officially the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace, was an oppositional state in China from 1851 to 1864, supporting the overthrow of the Qing dynasty by Hong Xiuquan and his followers.

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Taishang Huang

In Chinese history, a Taishang Huang or Taishang Huangdi, is a retired emperor who had, at least in name, abdicated in favour of someone else.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Tang dynasty

The Tang dynasty or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Tang of Shang

Tang (– 1646 BC) or Cheng Tang (成湯), recorded on oracle bones as Da Yi (大乙), was the first king of the Shang dynasty in Chinese history.

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Temür Khan

Temür Öljeytü Khan (translit; ᠥᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ), born Temür (also spelled Timur, Төмөр, October 15, 1265 – February 10, 1307), also known by the temple name Chengzong (Emperor Chengzong of Yuan) was the second emperor of the Yuan dynasty, ruling from May 10, 1294 to February 10, 1307.

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Temple name

Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean (Goryeo and Joseon periods), and Vietnamese (such dynasties as Trần, Lý, and Lê) royalty.

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Ten Kingdoms

The Ten Kingdoms was a period in the history of Southern China that followed the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907.

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Tianjing

Tianjing, romanized at the time as Tienking, was the name given to Nanjing when it served as the capital of Hong Xiuquan's Heavenly Kingdom from 1853 to 1864, amid the Qing Empire's Taiping Rebellion.

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Tianqi Emperor

The Tianqi Emperor (23 December 1605 – 30 September 1627), personal name Zhu Youjiao, was the 16th emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, reigning from 1620–1627.

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Timeline of Chinese history

This is a timeline of Chinese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in China and its predecessor states.

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Timur

Timur (تیمور Temūr, Chagatai: Temür; 9 April 1336 – 18 February 1405), historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane (تيمور لنگ Temūr(-i) Lang, "Timur the Lame"), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror.

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Toghon Temür

Toghon Temür (Тогоонтөмөр, Togoontömör; 25 May 1320 – 23 May 1370), also known by the temple name Emperor Huizong bestowed by the Northern Yuan dynasty in Mongolia and by the posthumous name Shundi bestowed by the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty China, was a son of Khutughtu Khan Kusala who ruled as emperor of the Yuan dynasty.

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Tolui

Tolui, (Classic Mongolian: Toluy, Tului, Тулуй хаан,, Tolui Khan (meaning the Khan Tolui)) (c.1191–1232) was the fourth son of Genghis Khan by his chief khatun Börte.

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Tongzhi Emperor

The Tongzhi Emperor (27 April 185612 January 1875), born Zaichun of the Aisin Gioro clan, was the tenth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the eighth Qing emperor to rule over China.

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Tufa Lilugu

Tufa Lilugu (died 402), formally Prince Kang of Hexi (河西康王), was a prince of the Xianbei state Southern Liang.

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Tufa Rutan

Tufa Rutan (365–415), formally Prince Jing of (Southern) Liang) ((南)涼景王), was the last prince of the Xianbei state Southern Liang. As he was the son that his father, the Xianbei chief Tufa Sifujian (禿髮思復犍), considered most talented, his older brothers, the founding prince Tufa Wugu (Prince Wu) and Tufa Lilugu (Prince Kang) both decided to pass the throne to a brother, intending that he receive the throne. However, Tufa Rutan, while obviously talented as a general, is viewed by historians as being overly aggressive in waging military campaigns, and he greatly drained the resources of the Southern Liang people while doing so. Southern Liang's strength particularly waned after a major 407 defeat at the hand of the Xia emperor Liu Bobo, and it drew attacks from its neighbors Northern Liang and Western Qin. Eventually, Tufa Rutan was forced to surrender to Western Qin in 414 after Western Qin captured his capital Ledu (樂都, in modern Haidong Prefecture, Qinghai), and he was poisoned to death a year later.

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Tufa Wugu

Tufa Wugu (died 399), formally Prince Wu of Wuwei (武威武王), was the founding prince of the Xianbei state Southern Liang.

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Tuoba Chuo

Tuoba Chuo (pinyin: Tuòbá Chuò) (died 293), chieftain of the Tuoba 286–293.

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Tuoba Fu

Tuoba Fu (pinyin: Tuòbá Fú) (died 294), chieftain of the Tuoba (293–294).

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Tuoba Heru

Tuoba Heru (died 325) ruled as prince of the Tuoba Dai 321 to 325.

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Tuoba Liwei

Tuoba Liwei was the first leader of the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei people, from 219-277.

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Tuoba Luguan

Tuoba Luguan (pinyin: Tuòbá Lùguān) (died 307), chieftain of the Tuoba, from 294 to 307.

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Tuoba Pugen

Tuoba Pugen (died 316) was the chieftain of the central Tuoba territory from 305 to 316, and in 316 ruled as prince of the Tuoba Dai as the supreme chieftain of the Tuoba clan.

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Tuoba Shiyijian

Tuoba Shiyijian (320–376) was the last prince of the Tuoba Dai and ruled from 338 to 376 when Dai was conquered by the Former Qin.

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Tuoba Xilu

Tuoba Xilu 拓跋悉鹿 Tuòbá Xīlù (died 286), chieftain of the Tuoba (277 - 286) His father was the Tuoba chieftain Tuoba Liwei, and he was the brother of Tuoba Shamohan, Tuoba Chuo, and Tuoba Luguan.

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Tuoba Yihuai

Tuoba Yihuai (died 338) ruled as prince of the Tuoba Dai 329–335 and 337–338.

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Tuoba Yilu

Tuoba Yilu (died 316) was the chieftain of the western Tuoba territory from 295 to 307, supreme chieftain of the Tuoba from 307 to 316, Duke of Dai from 310 to 315, and first ruler of the Dai kingdom from 315 to 316.

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Tuoba Yituo

Tuoba Yituo (pinyin: Tuòbá Yītuō) (died 305) was the chieftain of the central Tuoba territory from 295 to 305.

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Tuoba Yu

Tuoba Yu (拓拔余) (died 452), formally Prince Yin of Nan'an (南安隱王), was briefly an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.

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Tuoba Yulü

Tuoba Yulü (died 321) ruled as prince of the Tuoba Dai 316 to 321.

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Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür

Uskhal Khan or the Last Emperor of Yuan (Төгс Төмөр хаан 元末帝), born Tögüs Temür (r. 1378–1388), was a Mongol Emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.

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Wai Ren

Bu Ren or Wai Ren was a Shang dynasty King of China.

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Wang Jian (Former Shu)

Wang Jian (王建) (847 – July 11, 918), courtesy name Guangtu (光圖), formally Emperor Gaozu of (Former) Shu ((前)蜀高祖), was the founding emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Former Shu.

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Wang Jipeng

Wang Jipeng (王繼鵬) (d. August 29, 939), used the name Wang Chang (王昶) from 935 to 939, formally Emperor Kangzong of Min (閩康宗), was an emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min.

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Wang Mang

Wang Mang (c. 45 – 6 October 23 AD), courtesy name Jujun, was a Han Dynasty official and consort kin who seized the throne from the Liu family and founded the Xin (or Hsin, meaning "renewed") Dynasty (新朝), ruling 9–23 AD.

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Wang Shenzhi

Wang Shenzhi (862 – December 30, 925), courtesy name Xintong (信通) or Xiangqing (詳卿), formally Prince Zhongyi of Min (閩忠懿王) and later further posthumously honored as Emperor Taizu of Min (閩太祖), was the founder of Min on the southeast coast of China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of Chinese history.

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Wang Yanhan

Wang Yanhan (王延翰) (died January 14, 927), courtesy name Ziyi (子逸), was a ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Min.

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Wang Yanjun

Wang Yanjun (王延鈞) (d. November 17, 935), known as Wang Lin (王鏻 or 王璘) from 933 to 935, formally Emperor Huizong of Min (閩惠宗), used the name of Xuanxi (玄錫) while briefly being a Taoist monk, was the third ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms state Min, and the first ruler of Min to use the title of emperor.

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Wang Yanxi

Wang Yanxi (王延羲) (died April 8, 944), known as Wang Xi (王曦) during his reign, formally Emperor Jingzong of Min (閩景宗), was an emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min.

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Wang Yanzheng

Wang Yanzheng (王延政) (died 951?), known as Tiande Emperor (天德帝) after his era name of Tiande, formally Prince Gongyi of Fu (福恭懿王), also known during Min as the Prince of Fusha (富沙王), was the last ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min.

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Wang Zongyan

Wang Yan (王衍) (899–926), né Wang Zongyan (王宗衍), courtesy name Huayuan (化源), also known as Houzhu (後主, "later Lord"), later posthumously created the Duke of Shunzheng (順正公) by Later Tang, was the second and final emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Former Shu.

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Wanli Emperor

The Wanli Emperor (4 September 1563 – 18 August 1620), personal name Zhu Yijun, was the 14th emperor of the Ming dynasty of China.

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Wanyan Liang

Digunai (24 February 1122 – 15 December 1161), also known by his sinicised name Wanyan Liang and his formal title Prince of Hailing (or Hailing Wang), was the fourth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries.

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Wanyan Yongji

Wanyan Yongji (died 11 September 1213), courtesy name Xingsheng, was the seventh emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries.

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Warring States period

The Warring States period was an era in ancient Chinese history of warfare, as well as bureaucratic and military reforms and consolidation, following the Spring and Autumn period and concluding with the Qin wars of conquest that saw the annexation of all other contender states, which ultimately led to the Qin state's victory in 221 BC as the first unified Chinese empire known as the Qin dynasty.

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Wen Ding

Wen Wu Ding or Wen Ding was a king of the Shang dynasty of China from 1112 to 1102 BC.

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Western Liang (555–587)

The Liang (555–587), later called the Western Liang (西梁) or Later Liang (後梁) to distinguish it from the Liang dynasty (502–557), was a small puppet state during the Northern and Southern dynasties period, located in the middle Yangtze region in today's central Hubei province.

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Western Qin

The Western Qin (385-400, 409-431) was a state of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.

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Wo Ding

Wo Ding (personal name Xuan, (绚) is traditionally held to be a Shang dynasty King of China but recent archaeological evidence has thrown this into doubt. In the Records of the Grand Historian he was listed by Sima Qian as the fifth Shang king, succeeding his father Tai Jia. He was enthroned in the year of Guisi (癸巳) with Qingshi (卿士) as his prime minister and Bo (亳) as he capital. In the 8th year of his reign, he conducted ceremonies to honour Yi Yin, the previous prime minister. He ruled for 19 years (other sources say 29 years) before his death. He was given the posthumous name Wo Ding and was succeeded by his brother Tai Geng. Oracle script inscriptions on bones unearthed at Yinxu do not list him as one of the Shang kings.

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Wo Jia

Qiang Jia or Wo Jia was a Shang dynasty King of China.

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Wu Ding

Wu Ding was a king of the Shang dynasty in ancient China, whose reign lasted from approximately 1250–1192 BC.

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Wu Sangui

Wu Sangui (courtesy name Changbai (長白) or Changbo (長伯); 1612 – 2 October 1678) was a Chinese military general who was instrumental in the fall of the Ming Dynasty and the establishment of the Qing Dynasty in 1644.

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Wu Yi of Shang

Wu Yi (Chinese: 武乙) was king of the Shang dynasty of ancient China from 1147 to 1112 BC.

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Wu Zetian

Wu Zetian (624 December16, 705),Paludan, 100 alternatively named Wu Zhao, Wu Hou, and during the later Tang dynasty as Tian Hou, also referred to in English as Empress Consort Wu or by the deprecated term "Empress Wu", was a Chinese sovereign who ruled unofficially as empress consort and empress dowager and later, officially as empress regnant (皇帝) during the brief Zhou dynasty (周, 684–705), which interrupted the Tang dynasty (618–690 & 705–907).

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Xi'an

Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province, China.

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Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms)

Tiefu was a pre-state Xiongnu tribe during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.

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Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project

The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project was a multi-disciplinary project commissioned by the People's Republic of China in 1996 to determine with accuracy the location and time frame of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties.

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Xianfeng Emperor

The Xianfeng Emperor (17 July 183122 August 1861), personal name I-ju (or Yizhu), was the ninth Emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the seventh Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1850 to 1861.

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Xiang of Xia

Xiang is the name of a ruler of the semi-legendary Xia Dynasty who is said to have reigned during the 3rd millennium BC.

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Xiao Baojuan

Xiao Baojuan (蕭寶卷) (483–501), né Xiao Mingxian (蕭明賢), commonly known by his posthumously demoted title of Marquess of Donghun (東昏侯), courtesy name Zhizang (智藏), was an emperor of the Chinese dynasty Southern Qi.

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Xiao Cha

Emperor Xuan of (Western) Liang ((西)梁宣帝; 519–562), personal name Xiao Cha (蕭詧), courtesy name Lisun (理孫), was the founding emperor of the Chinese Western Liang dynasty.

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Xiao Cong

Emperor Jing of (Western) Liang ((西)梁靖帝, as later honored by Xiao Xi in 617), personal name Xiao Cong (蕭琮), courtesy name Wenwen (溫文), known during the Sui dynasty as the Duke of Ju (莒公) then Duke of Liang (梁公), was the final emperor of the Chinese Western Liang dynasty.

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Xiao Dong

Xiao Dong (died 552), courtesy name Yuanji (元吉), sometimes known by his pre-ascension title of Prince of Yuzhang (豫章王), was briefly an emperor of the Chinese Liang Dynasty.

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Xiao Jia

Xiao Jia was a Shang dynasty King of China.

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Xiao Kui

Emperor Ming of (Western) Liang ((西)梁明帝) (542–585), personal name Xiao Kui (蕭巋), courtesy name Renyuan (仁遠), was an emperor of the Chinese Western Liang dynasty.

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Xiao Xin

Xiao Xin was a Shang dynasty King of China.

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Xiao Yi of Shang

Xiao Yi was a Shang dynasty King of China.

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Xiao Yuanming

Xiao Yuanming (蕭淵明) (died 556), courtesy name Jingtong (靖通), often known by his pre-ascension title of Marquess of Zhenyang (貞陽侯), at times known by his post-removal title Duke of Jian'an (建安公), honored Emperor Min (閔皇帝) by Xiao Zhuang, was briefly an emperor of the Chinese Liang Dynasty.

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Xiao Zhaowen

Xiao Zhaowen (蕭昭文) (480–494), formally Prince Gong of Hailing (海陵恭王), courtesy name Jishang (季尚), was an emperor of the Chinese dynasty Southern Qi.

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Xiao Zhaoye

Xiao Zhaoye (蕭昭業; 473–494), often known by his posthumously demoted title of Prince of Yulin (鬱林王), courtesy name Yuanshang (元尚), nickname Fashen (法身), was an emperor of the Chinese dynasty Southern Qi.

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Xie of Xia

King Xie (Chinese: 泄, Xiè) was the 10th ruler of the semi-legendary Xia Dynasty.

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Xin dynasty

The Xin dynasty was a Chinese dynasty (termed so despite having only one emperor) which lasted from 9 to 23 AD.

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Xinhai Revolution

The Xinhai Revolution, also known as the Chinese Revolution or the Revolution of 1911, was a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty (the Qing dynasty) and established the Republic of China (ROC).

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Xuande Emperor

The Xuande Emperor (16 March 1399 31 January 1435), personal name Zhu Zhanji (朱瞻基), was the fifth emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, ruling from 1425 to 1435.

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Yan

Yan may refer to.

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Yan Emperor

The Yan Emperor or the Flame Emperor was a legendary ancient Chinese ruler in pre-dynastic times.

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Yang Hao (Sui dynasty)

Yang Hao (November 22, 586?-618), often known by the title of Prince of Qin (秦王), was one of the claimants of the throne of the Chinese Sui Dynasty at the dynasty's end.

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Yang Jia of Shang

Xiang Jia or Yang Jia (was a Shang dynasty King of China. In the Records of the Grand Historian he was listed by Sima Qian as the eighteenth Shang king, succeeding his father's cousin Nan Geng. He was enthroned in the year of Renxu (Chinese: 壬戌) with Yan (Chinese: 奄) as his capital. In the third year of his reign he sent troops against the barbarians of Danshan (Chinese: 丹山). He ruled for about 17 years (although other sources claim 7 years) before his death. He was given the posthumous name Yang Jia and was succeeded by his younger brother Pan Geng. Oracle script inscriptions on bones unearthed at Yinxu alternatively record that he was the seventeenth Shang king, given the posthumous name Xiang Jia (Chinese: 象甲).

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Yang Longyan

Yang Longyan (楊隆演) (897 – June 17, 920), né Yang Ying (楊瀛), also known as Yang Wei (楊渭), courtesy name Hongyuan (鴻源), formally King Xuan of Wu (吳宣王), later further posthumously honored Emperor Xuan of Wu (吳宣帝) with the temple name of Gaozu (高祖), was a king of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu (also known as Hongnong).

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Yang Pu

Yang Pu (楊溥) (900 – January 21, 939), formally Emperor Rui of Wu (吳睿帝), known as Emperor Gaoshang Sixuan Honggu Rang (高尚思玄弘古讓皇(帝)) or, in short, Emperor Rang (讓皇, "the emperor who yielded"), while still living during the initial months of succeeding Southern Tang, was the last ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu, and the only one that claimed the title of emperor.

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Yang Tong

Yang Tong (604–619), known in traditional histories by his princely title of Prince of Yue (越王) or by his era name as Lord Huangtai (皇泰主), posthumous name (as bestowed by Wang Shichong) Emperor Gong (恭皇帝), courtesy name Renjin (仁謹), was an emperor of the Chinese Sui Dynasty.

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Yang Wo

Yang Wo (楊渥) (886 – June 9, 908), courtesy name Chengtian (承天), formally Prince Wei of Hongnong (弘農威王), later further posthumously honored King Jing of Wu (吳景王) and then as Emperor Jing of Wu (吳景帝) with the temple name Liezu (烈祖), was the first independent ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu (which was known as Hongnong during his reign as he carried the title of Prince of Hongnong).

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Yang Xingmi

Yang Xingmi (852Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms,. – December 24, 905.Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 265.), né Yang Xingmin (楊行愍, name changed 886), courtesy name Huayuan (化源), formally Prince Wuzhong of Wu (吳武忠王, "martial and faithful"), later posthumously honored King Xiaowu of Wu (吳孝武王, "filial and martial") then Emperor Wu of Wu (吳武帝) with the temple name of Taizu (太祖), was a military governor (Jiedushi) of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) late in the Chinese Tang Dynasty, whose takeover of Huainan and several nearby circuits allowed him and his family to rule over territory that would eventually become the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms state Wu (although Yang Xingmi would be the first ruler in his line to receive the title of Prince of Wu, it was a Tang-bestowed title and did not denote independence of the state), including most of modern Jiangsu and Anhui and parts of modern Jiangxi and Hubei.

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Yang You

Emperor Gong of Sui (隋恭帝) (605 – 14 September 619), personal name Yang You (楊侑), was an emperor of the Chinese Sui Dynasty.

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Yao Chang

Yao Chang (331–394), courtesy name Jingmao (景茂), formally Emperor Wuzhao of (Later) Qin ((後)秦武昭帝), was the founding emperor of the Chinese/Qiang state Later Qin.

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Yao Hong

Yao Hong (388–417), courtesy name Yuanzi (元子), was the last emperor of the Chinese/Qiang state Later Qin.

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Yao Xing

Yao Xing (366–416), courtesy name Zilüe (子略), formally Emperor Wenhuan of (Later) Qin ((後)秦文桓帝), was an emperor of the Chinese/Qiang state Later Qin.

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Yelü Dashi

Yelü Dashi (alternatively 耶律達實 Yēlǜ Dáshí), or Yeh-Lü Ta-Shih (r. 1124–1143) was the founder of the Qara Khitai state, also known as the Western Liao dynasty.

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Yellow Emperor

The Yellow Emperor, also known as the Yellow Thearch, the Yellow God or the Yellow Lord, or simply by his Chinese name Huangdi, is a deity in Chinese religion, one of the legendary Chinese sovereigns and culture heroes included among the mytho-historical Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors and cosmological Five Forms of the Highest Deity (五方上帝 Wǔfāng Shàngdì).

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Yesün Temür (Yuan dynasty)

Yesün Temür (Mongolian: Есөн Төмөр; Chinese temple name: Taidingdi; Chinese: 元泰定帝, November 28, 1293 – August 15, 1328) was a great-grandson of Kublai Khan and ruled as emperor of the Yuan dynasty from 1323 to 1328.

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Yong Ji

Lü Ji or Yong Ji was a Shang dynasty King of China.

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Yongle Emperor

The Yongle Emperor (Yung-lo in Wade–Giles; 2 May 1360 – 12 August 1424) — personal name Zhu Di (WG: Chu Ti) — was the third emperor of the Ming dynasty in China, reigning from 1402 to 1424.

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Yongzheng Emperor

The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), born Yinzhen, was the fifth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper.

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Youchao

Youchao is the inventor of houses and buildings, according to China's ancient mythology.

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Yu the Great

Yu the Great (c. 2200 – 2100 BC) was a legendary ruler in ancient China famed for his introduction of flood control, inaugurating dynastic rule in China by establishing the Xia Dynasty, and for his upright moral character.

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Yuan Lang

Yuan Lang (元朗) (513–532), courtesy name Zhongzhe (仲哲), frequently known by his post-removal title of Prince of Anding (安定王), at times known as Emperor Houfei (後廢帝, "later removed emperor"), was briefly an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.

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Yuan Shikai

Yuan Shikai (16 September 1859 – 6 June 1916) was a Chinese warlord, famous for his influence during the late Qing dynasty, his role in the events leading up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor, his autocratic rule as the first formal President of the Republic of China, and his short-lived attempt to restore monarchy in China, with himself as the Hongxian Emperor.

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Yuan Ye

Yuan Ye (元曄) (509 – 532), courtesy name Huaxing (華興), nickname Penzi (盆子), often known as the Prince of Changguang (長廣王), was briefly an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.

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Yuan Zhao

Yuan Zhao (元釗) (526 – May 17, 528), also known in history as Youzhu (幼主, literally "the young lord"), was briefly an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.

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Yuwen Huaji

Yuwen Huaji (died 619) was a general of the Chinese Sui Dynasty who, in 618, led a coup against Emperor Yang of Sui, killing him.

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Yuwen Mohuai

Yuwen Mohuai (pinyin: Yǔwén Mòhuaí) (?-293) was a chieftain of the Yuwen tribe from 260 to 293 CE.

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Yuwen Qidegui

Yuwen Qidegui (pinyin: Yǔwén Qǐdeguī) (?-333) chieftain of the Yuwen tribe (early 4th century-333).

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Zhang Chonghua

Zhang Chonghua (327–353), courtesy name Tailin (泰臨), formally Duke Jinglie of Xiping (西平敬烈公, posthumous name given by the Jin dynasty) or Duke Huan of Xiping (西平桓公, posthumous name used internally in Former Liang) was a ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang.

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Zhang Hansi

Zhang Hansi (張漢思) was a military officer of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min.

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Zhang Jun (prince)

Zhang Jun (張駿) (307–346), courtesy name Gongting (公庭), formally Duke Zhongcheng of Xiping (西平忠成公, posthumous name given by Jin Dynasty (265-420)) or Duke Wen of Xiping (西平文公, posthumous name used internally in Former Liang) was a ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang.

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Zhang Mao

Zhang Mao (277–324), courtesy name Chengxun (成遜), formally Prince Chenglie of (Former) Liang ((前)涼成烈王) (posthumous name given by Han Zhao) or Duke Cheng of Xiping (西平成公) (posthumous name used internally in Former Liang) was a ruler and the commonly accepted first ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang.

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Zhang Tianxi

Zhang Tianxi (346–406), original courtesy name Gongchungu (公純嘏), later Chungu (純嘏), nickname Duhuo (獨活), formally Duke Dao of Xiping (西平悼公), was the last ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang.

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Zhang Xuanjing

Zhang Xuanjing (張玄靚 or 張玄靖) (350–363), courtesy name Yuan'an (元安), formally Duke Jingdao of Xiping (西平敬悼公, posthumous name given by Jin Dynasty (265-420)) or Duke Chong of Xiping (西平沖公, posthumous name used internally in Former Liang) was a ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang.

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Zhang Yaoling

Zhang Yaoling (344–355), courtesy name Yuanshu (元舒), formally Duke Ai of Xiping, was briefly the ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang in 353 and early 354.

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Zhang Zuo

Zhang Zuo (died 355), courtesy name Taibo (太伯), formally Prince Wei of (Former) Liang ((前)涼威王) was a ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang.

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Zhao Bing

Zhao Bing (12 February 1272 – 19 March 1279), also known as Emperor Bing of Song or Bing, Emperor of Song (宋帝昺),Note that the "Bing" refers to the emperor's personal given name.

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Zhaoqing

Zhaoqing, formerly romanized as Shiuhing, is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province, China.

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Zhengde Emperor

The Zhengde Emperor (26October 149120April 1521) was the 11th Ming dynasty Emperor of China between 1505–1521.

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Zhong Ding

Zhong Ding was a Shang dynasty King of China.

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Zhong Kang

Zhong Kang was the fourth king of the Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty in traditional Chinese history.

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Zhong Ren

Zhòng Rén (born Zi Yong, 子庸) is traditionally held to be a Shang dynasty King of China but recent archaeological evidence has thrown this into doubt.

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Zhou dynasty

The Zhou dynasty or the Zhou Kingdom was a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang dynasty and preceded the Qin dynasty.

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Zhou dynasty (690–705)

The Wu Zhou (周), also called the Second Zhou dynasty or Restored Zhou dynasty, was a Chinese dynasty established by Wu Zetian in 690, when she proclaimed herself huangdi (emperor).

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Zhu Changfang

Zhu Changfang, also known as the Jingyi Taoist (1608–1646) was the last Prince of Lu (an area claimed by one source as being near Hangzhou and by another as being centered on Weihui in Henan) and a member of the Imperial family of the Southern Ming dynasty.

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Zhu of Xia

Zhu (Chinese: 杼, also 予, 宁, 佇, or 宇, but read "Zhù" according to Sima Zhen) was the seventh ruler of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty who took the throne in the year of ji si (己巳) and lived in Yuan (now Jiyuan).

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Zhu Wen

Emperor Taizu of Later Liang (後梁太祖), personal name Zhu Quanzhong (朱全忠) (852–912), né Zhu Wen (朱溫), name later changed to Zhu Huang (朱晃), nickname Zhu San (朱三, literally, "the third Zhu"), was a Jiedushi (military governor) at the end of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who previously served as a general under the rival Emperor Huang Chao's Empire of Qi and overthrew Empire of Tang in 907, established the Later Liang as its emperor, and ushered in the era of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

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Zhu Yihai

The Gengyin Emperor (1618–1662), personal name Zhu Yihai, was an emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, reigning from 1645 to 1655.

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Zhu Yougui

Zhu Yougui (朱友珪) (888? – March 27, 913), nickname Yaoxi (遙喜), often known by his princely title Prince of Ying (郢王), was briefly an emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Later Liang.

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Zhu Youlang

The Yongli Emperor (1623–1662; reigned 18 November 1646 – 1 June 1662), personal name Zhu Youlang, was the fourth and last emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty of China.

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Zhu Yousong

The Hongguang Emperor (1607–1646), personal name Zhu Yousong, was the first emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty.

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Zhu Youzhen

Zhu Zhen (朱瑱) (20 October 888 – 18 November 923), often referred to in traditional histories as Emperor Mo of Later Liang (後梁末帝, "last emperor") and sometimes by his princely title Prince of Jun (均王), né Zhu Youzhen (朱友貞), known as Zhu Huang (朱鍠) from 913 to 915, was the emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Later Liang from 913 to 923.

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Zhu Yujian

Zhu Yujian (1602 – 6 October 1646), the Prince of Tang, reigned as the Longwu Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty from 18 August 1645, when he was enthroned in Fuzhou, to 6 October 1646, when he was captured and executed by a contingent of the Qing army.

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Zhu Yuyue

Zhu Yuyue (died January 1647), the Prince of Tang (唐王) reigned as the Shaowu Emperor (紹武) of the Southern Ming dynasty from 1646-1647.

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Zhuanxu

Zhuanxu (Chinese: trad. 頊, simp. 颛顼, pinyin Zhuānxū), also known as Gao Yang (t 陽, s 高阳, p Gāoyáng), was a mythological emperor of ancient China.

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Ziying

Ziying (died January 206 BC) was the third and last ruler of the Qin dynasty.

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Zu Ding

Zu Ding was a king of the Chinese Shang dynasty.

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Zu Geng of Shang

Zu Geng (祖庚) was king of the Shang dynasty of China.

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Zu Jia

Zu Jia (祖甲) was king of the Shang dynasty of China.

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Zu Xin

Zu Xin was a Shang dynasty King of China.

New!!: List of Chinese monarchs and Zu Xin · See more »

Zu Yi

Zu Yi was a Shang dynasty King of China.

New!!: List of Chinese monarchs and Zu Yi · See more »

Redirects here:

Chinese eras, Chinese rulers, List of Chinese Emperors, List of Chinese emperors, List of Chinese era names, List of Chinese eras, List of Chinese rulers, List of Chinese sovereigns, List of chinese emperors, List of emperors of China, List of monarchs of China, List of rulers of China, List of sovereigns of China, Rulers of china, Table of Chinese monarch, Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese rulers, Table of Chinese sovereigns, Table of monarchs of China, Table of rulers of China, Table of sovereigns of China.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_monarchs

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