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151 relations: Actinopterygii, Aestivation, Africa, Allopatric speciation, Amazon River, Ammonia, Amniote, Amphibian, Anatomical terms of location, Anus, Australia, Basal (phylogenetics), Base pair, Bichir, Cartilage, Ceratodus, Chicago, Chirodipteridae, Chirodipterus, Class (biology), Coelacanth, Conchodus, Congo River, Convergent evolution, Cosmine, Crustacean, Devonian, Diabolepis, Dipnorhynchidae, Dipnorhynchus, Dipteridae, Dipterus, Dorsal fin, Drainage basin, Ductus arteriosus, East Africa, Eel, Eifelian, Emsian, Endemism, Ernst Haeckel, Esophagus, External gills, Extinction, Eye, Famennian, Fish fin, Fish gill, Fish scale, Fossil, ..., Frasnian, Gabon, Ganorhynchus, Gas exchange, Genome, Gill slit, Gilled lungfish, Givetian, Gnathorhizidae, Gondwana, Greenwood Publishing Group, Griphognathus, Holodipterus, Homology (biology), Infundibulum (heart), Insect, Johannes Peter Müller, Kouilou-Niari River, Latimeria, Laurasia, Lepidogalaxias, Lepidosireniformes, Lissamphibia, Living fossil, Lochkovian, Lungfish, Marbled lungfish, Maxilla, Melanognathus, Mesozoic, Metabolism, Metaceratodus, Metamorphosis, Mineralized tissues, Mollusca, Monophyly, Mucus, Neontology, Neoteny, New South Wales, Notochord, Obligate, Occlusion (dentistry), Odontode, Ogooué River, Omnivore, Operculum (fish), Organism, Osteichthyes, Oxygen, Palaedaphus, Palatoquadrate, Pangaea, Paraguay River, Paraná River, Paris japonica, Pelvic fin, Physiology, Pillararhynchus, Polychaos dubium, Porolepiformes, Posterior nasal apertures, Powichthys, Pragian, Premaxilla, Primitive (phylogenetics), Protist, Protopterus, Queensland lungfish, Republic of the Congo, Respiratory system, Rhinodipterus, Rhipidistia, Rhynchodipteridae, Rib, Ross Piper, Sarcopterygii, Scale (anatomy), Shedd Aquarium, Skull, Skull roof, Snout, South America, South American lungfish, Spiral valve, Sponysedrion, Spotted lungfish, Stomach, Stomiahykidae, Stomiahykus, Supercontinent, Swamp, Swim bladder, Tetrapod, Tetrapodomorpha, Uranolophidae, Uranolophus, Urea, Vertebrate, West African lungfish, Worm. Expand index (101 more) »
Actinopterygii
Actinopterygii, or the ray-finned fishes, constitute a class or subclass of the bony fishes.
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Aestivation
Aestivation or æstivation (from aestas, summer, but also spelled estivation in American English) is a state of animal dormancy, similar to hibernation, characterized by inactivity and a lowered metabolic rate, that is entered in response to high temperatures and arid conditions.
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Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).
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Allopatric speciation
Allopatric speciation (from the ancient Greek allos, meaning "other", and patris, meaning "fatherland"), also referred to as geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or its earlier name, the dumbbell model, is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species become isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with genetic interchange.
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Amazon River
The Amazon River (or; Spanish and Amazonas) in South America is the largest river by discharge volume of water in the world, and either the longest or second longest.
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Ammonia
Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.
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Amniote
Amniotes (from Greek ἀμνίον amnion, "membrane surrounding the fetus", earlier "bowl in which the blood of sacrificed animals was caught", from ἀμνός amnos, "lamb") are a clade of tetrapod vertebrates comprising the reptiles, birds, and mammals.
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Amphibian
Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.
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Anatomical terms of location
Standard anatomical terms of location deal unambiguously with the anatomy of animals, including humans.
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Anus
The anus (from Latin anus meaning "ring", "circle") is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth.
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.
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Base pair
A base pair (bp) is a unit consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.
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Bichir
Bichirs and the reedfish comprise the Polypteridae, a family of archaic-looking ray-finned fishes and the only family in the order Polypteriformes.
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Cartilage
Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components.
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Ceratodus
Ceratodus (Greek for "horned tooth") was a wide-ranging genus of extinct lungfish.
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Chicago
Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third most populous city in the United States, after New York City and Los Angeles.
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Chirodipteridae
Chirodipteridae is an extinct family of prehistoric lungfishes that lived during the Devonian period.
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Chirodipterus
Chirodipterus is an extinct genus of lungfish which lived during the Devonian period.
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Class (biology)
In biological classification, class (classis) is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank.
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Coelacanth
The coelacanths constitute a now rare order of fish that includes two extant species in the genus Latimeria: the West Indian Ocean coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) primarily found near the Comoro Islands off the east coast of Africa and the Indonesian coelacanth (Latimeria menadoensis).
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Conchodus
Conchodus is an extinct genus of lungfish which lived during the Devonian period.
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Congo River
The Congo River (also spelled Kongo River and known as the Zaire River) is the second longest river in Africa after the Nile and the second largest river in the world by discharge volume of water (after the Amazon), and the world's deepest river with measured depths in excess of.
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Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages.
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Cosmine
Cosmine is a spongy, bony material that makes up the dentine-like layers in the scales of the lobe-finned fishes of the class Sarcopterygii.
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Crustacean
Crustaceans (Crustacea) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles.
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Devonian
The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic, spanning 60 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya.
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Diabolepis
Diabolepis (or Diabolichthys) is an extinct genus of very primitive lungfish which lived about 400 million years ago, in the Early Devonian period of South China.
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Dipnorhynchidae
Dipnorhynchidae is an extinct family of prehistoric lungfishes which lived during the Devonian period.
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Dipnorhynchus
Dipnorhynchus is an extinct genus of lungfish from the middle Devonian period of Australia and Europe.
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Dipteridae
Dipteridae is an extinct family of prehistoric lungfishes which lived from the Devonian period to the Triassic period.
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Dipterus
Dipterus (meaning 'two wings') is an extinct genus of lungfish from the late Devonian period of Europe and North America.
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Dorsal fin
A dorsal fin is a fin located on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates such as fishes, cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises), and the (extinct) ichthyosaur.
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Drainage basin
A drainage basin is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water.
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Ductus arteriosus
In the developing fetus, the ductus arteriosus, also called the ductus Botalli, is a blood vessel connecting the main pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta.
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East Africa
East Africa or Eastern Africa is the eastern region of the African continent, variably defined by geography.
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Eel
An eel is any ray-finned fish belonging to the order Anguilliformes, which consists of four suborders, 20 families, 111 genera and about 800 species.
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Eifelian
The Eifelian is one of two faunal stages in the Middle Devonian epoch.
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Emsian
The Emsian is one of three faunal stages in the Early Devonian epoch.
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Endemism
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.
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Ernst Haeckel
Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist, and artist who discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many terms in biology, including anthropogeny, ecology, phylum, phylogeny, and Protista. Haeckel promoted and popularised Charles Darwin's work in Germany and developed the influential but no longer widely held recapitulation theory ("ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny") claiming that an individual organism's biological development, or ontogeny, parallels and summarises its species' evolutionary development, or phylogeny.
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Esophagus
The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English), commonly known as the food pipe or gullet (gut), is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.
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External gills
External gills are the gills of an animal, most typically an amphibian, that are exposed to the environment, rather than set inside the pharynx and covered by gill slits, as they are in most fishes.
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Extinction
In biology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species.
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Eye
Eyes are organs of the visual system.
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Famennian
The Famennian is the latter of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian epoch.
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Fish fin
Fins are usually the most distinctive anatomical features of a fish.
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Fish gill
Most fish exchange gases using gills on both sides of the pharynx (throat).
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Fish scale
The skin of most fishes is covered with scales, which, in many cases, are animal reflectors or produce animal coloration.
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Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
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Frasnian
The Frasnian is one of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian period.
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Gabon
Gabon, officially the Gabonese Republic (République gabonaise), is a sovereign state on the west coast of Central Africa.
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Ganorhynchus
Ganorhynchus is an extinct genus of prehistoric lungfish from the Devonian period.
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Gas exchange
Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface.
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Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.
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Gill slit
Gill slits are individual openings to gills, i.e., multiple gill arches, which lack a single outer cover.
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Gilled lungfish
The gilled lungfish (Protopterus amphibius), also known as the East African lungfish, is a species of African lungfish.
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Givetian
The Givetian is one of two faunal stages in the Middle Devonian period.
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Gnathorhizidae
The Gnathorhizidae are an extinct family of lungfish that lived from the late Carboniferous until the middle Triassic.
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Gondwana
Gondwana, or Gondwanaland, was a supercontinent that existed from the Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) until the Carboniferous (about 320 million years ago).
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Greenwood Publishing Group
ABC-CLIO/Greenwood is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-CLIO.
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Griphognathus
Griphognathus ("hook-jaw") is an extinct genus of lungfish from the late Devonian period of Europe and Australia.
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Holodipterus
Holodipterus is an extinct genus of prehistoric sarcopterygian or lobe-finned fish.
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Homology (biology)
In biology, homology is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa.
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Infundibulum (heart)
The infundibulum (also known as conus arteriosus) is a conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle in the chordate heart, from which the pulmonary trunk arises.
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Insect
Insects or Insecta (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates and the largest group within the arthropod phylum.
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Johannes Peter Müller
Johannes Peter Müller (14 July 1801 – 28 April 1858) was a German physiologist, comparative anatomist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist, known not only for his discoveries but also for his ability to synthesize knowledge.
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Kouilou-Niari River
The Kouilou-Niari River — also spelled Kwilu, Kwila, or Kwil — is the most important river flowing to the Atlantic Ocean of the Republic of the Congo coast.
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Latimeria
Latimeria is a rare genus of fish that includes two extant species: West Indian Ocean coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) and the Indonesian coelacanth (Latimeria menadoensis).
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Laurasia
Laurasia was the more northern of two supercontinents (the other being Gondwana) that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent around (Mya).
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Lepidogalaxias
Lepidogalaxias salamandroides is a species of small fish of Western Australia.
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Lepidosireniformes
Lepidosireniformes are an order of lungfish containing the families Lepidosirenidae (the South American lungfish) and Protopteridae (the African lungfish).
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Lissamphibia
The Lissamphibia are a group of tetrapods that includes all modern amphibians.
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Living fossil
A living fossil is an extant taxon that closely resembles organisms otherwise known only from the fossil record.
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Lochkovian
The Lochkovian is one of three faunal stages in the Early Devonian epoch.
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Lungfish
Lungfish are freshwater rhipidistian fish belonging to the subclass Dipnoi.
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Marbled lungfish
The marbled lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus) is a lungfish of the family Protopteridae.
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Maxilla
The maxilla (plural: maxillae) in animals is the upper jawbone formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones.
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Melanognathus
Melanognathus is a genus of prehistoric lungfish which lived during the Devonian period.
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Mesozoic
The Mesozoic Era is an interval of geological time from about.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Metaceratodus
Metaceratodus is an extinct genus of prehistoric sarcopterygians or lobe-finned fish, from the Early Cretaceous of Queensland, Australia.
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Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation.
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Mineralized tissues
Mineralized tissues are biological tissues that incorporate minerals into soft matrices.
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Mollusca
Mollusca is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusksThe formerly dominant spelling mollusk is still used in the U.S. — see the reasons given in Gary Rosenberg's.
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Monophyly
In cladistics, a monophyletic group, or clade, is a group of organisms that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor.
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Mucus
Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.
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Neontology
Neontology is a part of biology that, in contrast to paleontology, deals with living (or, more generally, recent) organisms.
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Neoteny
Neoteny, (also called juvenilization)Montagu, A. (1989).
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New South Wales
New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of:Australia.
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Notochord
In anatomy, the notochord is a flexible rod made out of a material similar to cartilage.
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Obligate
As an adjective, obligate means "by necessity" (antonym facultative) and is used mainly in biology in phrases such as.
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Occlusion (dentistry)
Occlusion, in a dental context, means simply the contact between teeth.
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Odontode
Odontodes, or dermal teeth, are hard structures found on the external surfaces of animals or near internal openings.
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Ogooué River
The Ogooué (or Ogowe), some long, is the principal river of Gabon in west central Africa and the fourth largest river in Africa by volume of discharge, trailing only the Congo, Niger and Zambezi.
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Omnivore
Omnivore is a consumption classification for animals that have the capability to obtain chemical energy and nutrients from materials originating from plant and animal origin.
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Operculum (fish)
The operculum is a series of bones found in bony fish that serves as a facial support structure and a protective covering for the gills; it is also used for respiration and feeding.
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Organism
In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life.
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Osteichthyes
Osteichthyes, popularly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse taxonomic group of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue, as opposed to cartilage.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Palaedaphus
Palaedaphus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.
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Palatoquadrate
In some fishes, the palatoquadrate is the dorsal component of the mandibular arch, the ventral one being Meckel's cartilage.
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Pangaea
Pangaea or Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.
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Paraguay River
The Paraguay River (Río Paraguay in Spanish, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina.
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Paraná River
The Paraná River (Río Paraná, Rio Paraná, Ysyry Parana) is a river in south Central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some.
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Paris japonica
is a Japanese species of plants the genus Paris in the family Melanthiaceae.
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Pelvic fin
Pelvic fins are paired fins located on the ventral surface of fish.
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Physiology
Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which work within a living system.
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Pillararhynchus
Pillararhynchus is an extinct genus of prehistoric sarcopterygians or lobe-finned fish.
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Polychaos dubium
Polychaos dubium is a freshwater amoeboid and one of the larger species of single-celled eukaryote.
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Porolepiformes
Porolepiformes is an order of prehistoric lobe-finned fish which lived during the Devonian period (about 416 to 359 million years ago).
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Posterior nasal apertures
The posterior nasal apertures or internal nostrils are the openings found at the posterior (back part) of the nasal passage between the nasal cavity and the throat in tetrapods with secondary palates, including humans and other mammals (as well as crocodilians and most skinks).
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Powichthys
Powichthys is a genus of prehistoric lobe-finned fish which lived during the Devonian period.
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Pragian
The Pragian is one of three faunal stages in the Early Devonian epoch.
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Premaxilla
The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth.
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Primitive (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, a primitive (or ancestral) character, trait, or feature of a lineage or taxon is one that is inherited from the common ancestor of a clade (or clade group) and has undergone little change since.
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Protist
A protist is any eukaryotic organism that has cells with nuclei and is not an animal, plant or fungus.
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Protopterus
Protopterus is the genus of four species of lungfish found in Africa.
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Queensland lungfish
The Queensland lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri), also known as the Australian lungfish, Burnett salmon and barramunda, is a surviving member of the family Neoceratodontidae and order Ceratodontiformes.
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Republic of the Congo
The Republic of the Congo (République du Congo), also known as the Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply the Congo, is a country in Central Africa.
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Respiratory system
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.
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Rhinodipterus
Rhinodipterus is an extinct genus of prehistoric dipnoan sarcopterygians or lobe-finned fish, that lived in the Devonian Period, between 416 and 359 million years ago.
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Rhipidistia
The Rhipidistia, also known as dipnotetrapodomorphs (formally Dipnotetrapodomorpha) are a clade of lobe-finned fishes which include the tetrapods and lungfishes.
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Rhynchodipteridae
Rhynchodipteridae is a family of prehistoric lungfishes which lived during the Devonian period.
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Rib
In vertebrate anatomy, ribs (costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage.
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Ross Piper
Ross Piper is a British zoologist, entomologist, and explorer.
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Sarcopterygii
The Sarcopterygii or lobe-finned fish (from Greek σαρξ sarx, flesh, and πτερυξ pteryx, fin) – sometimes considered synonymous with Crossopterygii ("fringe-finned fish", from Greek κροσσός krossos, fringe) – constitute a clade (traditionally a class or subclass) of the bony fish, though a strict cladistic view includes the terrestrial vertebrates.
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Scale (anatomy)
In most biological nomenclature, a scale (Greek λεπίς lepis, Latin squama) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection.
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Shedd Aquarium
Shedd Aquarium (formally the John G. Shedd Aquarium) is an indoor public aquarium in Chicago, Illinois in the United States that opened on May 30, 1930.
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Skull
The skull is a bony structure that forms the head in vertebrates.
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Skull roof
The skull roof, or the roofing bones of the skull, are a set of bones covering the brain, eyes and nostrils in bony fishes and all land-living vertebrates.
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Snout
A snout is the protruding portion of an animal's face, consisting of its nose, mouth, and jaw.
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South America
South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.
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South American lungfish
The South American lungfish (Lepidosiren paradoxa) is the single species of lungfish found in swamps and slow-moving waters of the Amazon, Paraguay, and lower Paraná River basins in South America.
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Spiral valve
A spiral valve or scroll valve is the corkscrew-shaped lower portion of the intestine of some sharks, Acipenseriformes (sturgeon and paddlefish), rays, skates, bichirs, and lungfishes.
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Sponysedrion
Sponysedrion is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.
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Spotted lungfish
The spotted lungfish or slender lungfish (Protopterus dolloi) is a species of lungfish from Middle Africa, where found in the Congo, Kouilou-Niari and Ogowe river basins.
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Stomach
The stomach (from ancient Greek στόμαχος, stomachos, stoma means mouth) is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates.
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Stomiahykidae
Stomiahykidae is an extinct family of prehistoric lungfishes which lived during the Devonian period.
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Stomiahykus
Stomiahykus is an extinct genus of prehistoric lobe-finned fish.
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Supercontinent
In geology, a supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of Earth's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass.
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Swamp
A swamp is a wetland that is forested.
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Swim bladder
The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming.
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Tetrapod
The superclass Tetrapoda (from Greek: τετρα- "four" and πούς "foot") contains the four-limbed vertebrates known as tetrapods; it includes living and extinct amphibians, reptiles (including dinosaurs, and its subgroup birds) and mammals (including primates, and all hominid subgroups including humans), as well as earlier extinct groups.
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Tetrapodomorpha
The Tetrapodomorpha (also known as Choanata) are a clade of vertebrates consisting of tetrapods (four-limbed vertebrates) and their closest sarcopterygian relatives that are more closely related to living tetrapods than to living lungfish.
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Uranolophidae
Uranolophidae is an extinct family of prehistoric lungfishes which lived during the Late Devonian period.
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Uranolophus
Uranolophus is a genus of prehistoric lungfish which lived during the Late Devonian period.
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Urea
Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2.
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Vertebrate
Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).
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West African lungfish
The West African lungfish (Protopterus annectens), also known as the Tana lungfish or simply African lungfish, is a species of African lungfish.
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Worm
Worms are many different distantly related animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body and no limbs.
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Redirects here:
Ceratodontiformes, Ceratodontimorpha, Dipnoan, Dipnoans, Dipnoi, Dipnomorpha, Dipteriformes, Lung Fish, Lung fish, Lungfishes.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungfish
