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Mixed-member proportional representation

Index Mixed-member proportional representation

Mixed-member proportional (MMP) representation is a mixed electoral system in which voters get two votes: one to decide the representative for their single-seat constituency, and one for a political party. [1]

102 relations: ACT New Zealand, Additional Member System, Albania, Albanian parliamentary election, 2005, All Basotho Convention, Alternative Vote Plus, Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Bolivia, Bundestag, Cardiff University, Christian Democratic Union of Germany, Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (Ontario), Closed list, Composition of the German state parliaments, D'Hondt method, Elections in Bolivia, Elections in Germany, Elections in Hamburg, Elections in Lesotho, Elections in New Zealand, Elections in Scotland, Elections in the United Kingdom, Elections in Wales, Electoral district, Electoral list, Electoral reform in New Zealand, Electoral system of Germany, Encyclopædia Britannica, Epsom (New Zealand electorate), Federation, First-past-the-post voting, Forza Italia, Free Democratic Party (Germany), Germany, Highest averages method, House of Commons of Canada, House of Freedoms, Hungary, Italian general election, 2001, Jenkins Commission (UK), Landtag, Largest remainder method, Law Commission of Canada, Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, Legislator, Lesotho, Lesotho Congress for Democracy, Lesotho general election, 2007, ..., Lesotho general election, 2012, Lesotho Workers' Party, Leveling seat, Mangala Samaraweera, Māori Party, Minor party, Mixed electoral system, National Assembly for Wales, National Independent Party, New Democratic Party, New Zealand, New Zealand First, New Zealand general election, 1996, New Zealand general election, 2008, New Zealand general election, 2017, New Zealand House of Representatives, New Zealand National Party, New Zealand voting system referendum, 2011, Olive, Ontario, Ontario electoral reform referendum, 2007, Ontario general election, 2007, Open list, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Overhang seat, Oxford University Press, Parallel voting, Party-list proportional representation, Political party, Prince Edward Island electoral reform referendum, 2005, Prince Edward Island electoral reform referendum, 2016, Proportional representation, Provinces and territories of Canada, Quebec, Romania, Romanian legislative election, 2008, Romanian legislative election, 2012, Romanian legislative election, 2016, Royal Commission on the Electoral System, Scorporo, Scottish Parliament, Sri Lanka, States of Germany, Tactical voting, Tom Thabane, Unicameralism, United Kingdom, Venezuela, Venezuelan parliamentary election, 2010, Voter turnout, Webster/Sainte-Laguë method, Yaracuy. Expand index (52 more) »

ACT New Zealand

ACT New Zealand, usually known as ACT, is a right-wing, classical-liberal political party in New Zealand.

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Additional Member System

The additional member system (AMS), also known as mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) outside the United Kingdom, is a mixed electoral system with one tier of single-member district representatives, and another tier of "additional members" elected to make the overall election results more proportional.

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Albania

Albania (Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Shqipni/Shqipnia or Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe.

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Albanian parliamentary election, 2005

Parliamentary elections were held in Albania on 3 July 2005.

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All Basotho Convention

The All Basotho Convention (ABC) is a political party in Lesotho.

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Alternative Vote Plus

The Alternative Vote Plus (AV+), or Alternative Vote Top-up, is a semi-proportional voting system.

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Baden-Württemberg

Baden-Württemberg is a state in southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the border with France.

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Bavaria

Bavaria (Bavarian and Bayern), officially the Free State of Bavaria (Freistaat Bayern), is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner.

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Bolivia

Bolivia (Mborivia; Buliwya; Wuliwya), officially known as the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is a landlocked country located in western-central South America.

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Bundestag

The Bundestag ("Federal Diet") is the German federal parliament.

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Cardiff University

Cardiff University (Prifysgol Caerdydd) is a public research university in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.

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Christian Democratic Union of Germany

The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands, CDU) is a Christian democratic and liberal-conservative political party in Germany.

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Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (Ontario)

The Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform was established by the government of the province of Ontario, Canada in March 2006.

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Closed list

Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can (effectively) only vote for political parties as a whole and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected.

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Composition of the German state parliaments

Germany's federal system comprises 16 state parliaments (the German terms are: Landtag in large states, Bürgerschaft in Bremen and Hamburg, Abgeordnetenhaus in Berlin), each including directly elected representatives.

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D'Hondt method

The D'Hondt method or the Jefferson method is a highest averages method for allocating seats, and is thus a type of party-list proportional representation.

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Elections in Bolivia

Elections in Bolivia gives information on elections and election results in Bolivia.

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Elections in Germany

Elections in Germany include elections to the Bundestag (Germany's federal parliament), the Landtags of the various states, and local elections.

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Elections in Hamburg

The number of elections in Hamburg varies.

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Elections in Lesotho

Lesotho elects a legislature on national level.

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Elections in New Zealand

New Zealand is a representative democracy.

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Elections in Scotland

Scotland has elections to several bodies: the Scottish Parliament, the United Kingdom Parliament, the European Parliament, local councils and community councils.

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Elections in the United Kingdom

There are six types of elections in the United Kingdom: elections to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elections to devolved parliaments and assemblies, elections to the European Parliament, local elections, mayoral elections and Police and Crime Commissioner elections.

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Elections in Wales

In addition to community councils, Wales has elections to four tiers of government: 22 unitary local authorities, the National Assembly for Wales, the United Kingdom Parliament and the European Parliament.

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Electoral district

An electoral district, (election) precinct, election district, or legislative district, called a voting district by the US Census (also known as a constituency, riding, ward, division, electoral area, or electorate) is a territorial subdivision for electing members to a legislative body.

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Electoral list

An electoral list is a grouping of candidates for election, usually in proportional election systems, but also in some plurality election systems.

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Electoral reform in New Zealand

Electoral reform in New Zealand has, in recent years, become a political issue as major changes have been made to both Parliamentary and local government electoral systems.

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Electoral system of Germany

The German Federal Election System regulates the election of the members of the national parliament, called Bundestag.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Epsom (New Zealand electorate)

Epsom is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives.

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Federation

A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central (federal) government.

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First-past-the-post voting

A first-past-the-post (FPTP) voting method is one in which voters indicate on a ballot the candidate of their choice, and the candidate who receives the most votes wins.

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Forza Italia

Forza ItaliaThe name is not usually translated into English: forza is the second-person singular imperative of ''forzare'', in this case translating to "to compel" or "to press", and so means something like "Forward, Italy", "Come on, Italy" or "Go, Italy!".

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Free Democratic Party (Germany)

The Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP) is a liberal and classical liberal political party in Germany.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Highest averages method

The highest averages method or divisor method is the name for a variety of ways to allocate seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems.

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House of Commons of Canada

The House of Commons of Canada (Chambre des communes du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate.

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House of Freedoms

The House of Freedoms (Casa delle Libertà, CdL), was a major centre-right political and electoral alliance in Italy, led by Silvio Berlusconi.

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Hungary

Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.

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Italian general election, 2001

A national general election was held in Italy on 13 May 2001 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic.

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Jenkins Commission (UK)

The Independent Commission on the Voting System, popularly known as the Jenkins Commission after its chairman Roy Jenkins, was a commission into possible reform of the United Kingdom electoral system.

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Landtag

A Landtag (State Diet) is a representative assembly (parliament) in German-speaking countries with legislative authority and competence over a federated state (Land).

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Largest remainder method

The largest remainder method (also known as Hare-Niemeyer method, Hamilton method or as Vinton's method) is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems.

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Law Commission of Canada

The Law Commission of Canada was an independent law commission that gave advice to the Canadian government on matters of law.

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Legislative Assembly of Ontario

The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is one of two components of the Legislature of Ontario (also known as the Parliament of Ontario), the other being the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario.

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Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island

The Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (Assemblée législative de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard), along with the Queen of Canada in Right of Prince Edward Island, represented by the Lieutenant-Governor of Prince Edward Island, forms the parliament of the province.

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Legislator

A legislator (or lawmaker) is a person who writes and passes laws, especially someone who is a member of a legislature.

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Lesotho

Lesotho officially the Kingdom of Lesotho ('Muso oa Lesotho), is an enclaved country in southern Africa.

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Lesotho Congress for Democracy

The Lesotho Congress for Democracy is a political party in Lesotho.

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Lesotho general election, 2007

General elections were held in Lesotho on 17 February 2007.

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Lesotho general election, 2012

General elections were held in Lesotho on 26 May 2012.

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Lesotho Workers' Party

The Lesotho Workers' Party is a political party in Lesotho.

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Leveling seat

Leveling seats (Danish. Tillægsmandat, Swedish. Utjämningsmandat, Norwegian. Utjevningsmandater, Icelandic. Jöfnunarsæti, German. Ausgleichsmandat), commonly known also as adjustment seats, are an election mechanism employed for many years by all Scandinavian countries and Iceland in elections for their national legislatures.

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Mangala Samaraweera

Mangala Pinsiri Samaraweera (මංගල පින්සිරි සමරවීර, மங்கள சமரவீர;; born April 21, 1956), better known as Mangala Samaraweera, is an MP of UNP party Sri Lanka and Minister of Finance and Media, appointed 2017.

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Māori Party

The Māori Party (Te Pāti Māori) is an indigenous rights-based political party in New Zealand, formed on 7 July 2004.

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Minor party

A minor party is a political party that plays a smaller (in some cases much smaller, even insignificant in comparison) role than a major party in a country's politics and elections.

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Mixed electoral system

A mixed electoral system is an electoral system that combines a plurality/majoritarian voting system with an element of proportional representation (PR).

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National Assembly for Wales

The National Assembly for Wales (Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru; commonly known as the Welsh Assembly) is a devolved parliament with power to make legislation in Wales.

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National Independent Party

The National Independent Party is a political party in Lesotho.

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New Democratic Party

The New Democratic Party (NDP; Nouveau Parti démocratique, NPD) is a social democraticThe party is widely described as social democratic.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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New Zealand First

New Zealand First (Aotearoa Tuatahi), commonly abbreviated to NZ First, is a nationalist and populist political party in New Zealand.

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New Zealand general election, 1996

The 1996 New Zealand general election was held on 12 October 1996 to determine the composition of the 45th New Zealand Parliament.

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New Zealand general election, 2008

The 2008 New Zealand general election was held on 8 November 2008 to determine the composition of the 49th New Zealand parliament.

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New Zealand general election, 2017

The 2017 New Zealand general election took place on Saturday 23 September 2017 to determine the membership of the 52nd New Zealand Parliament.

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New Zealand House of Representatives

The New Zealand House of Representatives is a component of the New Zealand Parliament, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor-General).

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New Zealand National Party

The New Zealand National Party (Rōpū Nāhinara o Aotearoa), shortened to National (Nāhinara) or the Nats, is a centre-right political party in New Zealand.

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New Zealand voting system referendum, 2011

The New Zealand voting system referendum, 2011, was a referendum on whether to keep the existing mixed member proportional (MMP) voting system, or to change to another voting system, for electing Members of Parliament to New Zealand's House of Representatives.

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Olive

The olive, known by the botanical name Olea europaea, meaning "European olive", is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, found in the Mediterranean Basin from Portugal to the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Asia as far east as China, as well as the Canary Islands and Réunion.

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Ontario

Ontario is one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada and is located in east-central Canada.

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Ontario electoral reform referendum, 2007

An Ontario electoral reform referendum was held on October 10, 2007, on the question of whether to establish a mixed member proportional representation (MMP) system for elections to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

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Ontario general election, 2007

The Ontario general election of 2007 was held on October 10, 2007 to elect members (MPPs) of the 39th Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, Canada.

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Open list

Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected.

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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization.

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Overhang seat

Overhang seats can arise in elections under the traditional (i.e. as it originated in Germany) mixed member proportional (MMP) system, when a party is entitled to fewer seats as a result of party votes than it has won constituencies.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Parallel voting

Parallel voting describes a mixed electoral system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other.

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Party-list proportional representation

Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation (PR) in elections in which multiple candidates are elected (e.g., elections to parliament) through allocations to an electoral list.

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Political party

A political party is an organised group of people, often with common views, who come together to contest elections and hold power in government.

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Prince Edward Island electoral reform referendum, 2005

A referendum was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on November 28, 2005 to determine whether to adopt the Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) system as presented by the Commission on Prince Edward Island's Electoral Future.

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Prince Edward Island electoral reform referendum, 2016

The 2016 Plebiscite on Democratic Renewal was a non-binding referendum held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island between 27 October – 7 November 2016.

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Proportional representation

Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems by which divisions into an electorate are reflected proportionately into the elected body.

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Provinces and territories of Canada

The provinces and territories of Canada are the sub-national governments within the geographical areas of Canada under the authority of the Canadian Constitution.

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Quebec

Quebec (Québec)According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in English; the name is.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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Romanian legislative election, 2008

Legislative elections were held in Romania on 30 November 2008.

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Romanian legislative election, 2012

Legislative elections were held in Romania on 9 December 2012.

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Romanian legislative election, 2016

Legislative elections were held in Romania on 11 December 2016.

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Royal Commission on the Electoral System

The Royal Commission on the Electoral System was formed in New Zealand in 1985, and reported in 1986.

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Scorporo

Scorporo ("parceling out") is a mixed-member electoral system (sometimes referred to as an additional member system) whereby a portion of members are elected in single-member districts (SMDs) and a portion are elected from a list.

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Scottish Parliament

The Scottish Parliament (Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: The Scots Pairlament) is the devolved national, unicameral legislature of Scotland.

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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.

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States of Germany

Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen states (Land, plural Länder; informally and very commonly Bundesland, plural Bundesländer).

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Tactical voting

In voting methods, tactical voting (or strategic voting or sophisticated voting or insincere voting) occurs, in elections with more than two candidates, when a voter supports another candidate more strongly than their sincere preference in order to prevent an undesirable outcome.

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Tom Thabane

No description.

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Unicameralism

In government, unicameralism (Latin uni, one + camera, chamber) is the practice of having one legislative or parliamentary chamber.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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Venezuela

Venezuela, officially denominated Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (República Bolivariana de Venezuela),Previously, the official name was Estado de Venezuela (1830–1856), República de Venezuela (1856–1864), Estados Unidos de Venezuela (1864–1953), and again República de Venezuela (1953–1999).

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Venezuelan parliamentary election, 2010

The 2010 parliamentary election in Venezuela took place on 26 September 2010 to elect the 165 deputies to the National Assembly.

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Voter turnout

Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election.

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Webster/Sainte-Laguë method

The Webster/Sainte-Laguë method, often simply Webster method or Sainte-Laguë method, is a highest quotient method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation used in many voting systems.

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Yaracuy

Yaracuy State (Estado Yaracuy) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela.

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Redirects here:

Compensatory electoral system, Decoy list, Decoy lists, Decoy parties, Decoy party, MMP representation, Mixed Member Proportional, Mixed Member Proportional Representation, Mixed Member Proportional representation, Mixed Member Proportional voting, Mixed Member System, Mixed member electoral system, Mixed member proportional, Mixed member proportional representation, Mixed member proportional representation system, Mixed member proportional system, Mixed member proportional voting, Mixed member proportionality, Mixed member system, Mixed proportional representation, Mixed-Member Proportional, Mixed-Member Systems, Mixed-member proportional, Mixed-member proportional system, Party vote, Personalised Proportional Representation, Personalized Proportional Representation.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation

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