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Mosaic (genetics)

Index Mosaic (genetics)

In genetics, a mosaic, or mosaicism, involves the presence of two or more populations of cells with different genotypes in one individual, who has developed from a single fertilized egg. [1]

81 relations: Alfred Sturtevant, Allele, Alu element, Anaphase lag, Antigenic variation, Blastocyst, Blastula, Blood, Calico cat, Cancer research, Cell (biology), Centromere, Chimera (genetics), Chromosome segregation, Curt Stern, DNA methylation, DNA polymerase, Dominance (genetics), Drosophila, Drosophila melanogaster, Embryo, Embryogenesis, Endoreduplication, Epithelium, Fertilisation, FLP-FRT recombination, Fluorescence, GAL4/UAS system, Gamete, Genetic recombination, Genetics, Genotype, Green fluorescent protein, Gynandromorphism, Heterochromia iridum, Human embryogenesis, Ichthyosis with confetti, In vitro fertilisation, Intersex, Irradiation, Janelia Research Campus, Klinefelter syndrome, L1 (protein), Leukemia, Liqun Luo, Lymphoma, MARCM, Meiosis, Mitosis, Mitotic recombination, ..., Mobile genetic elements, Model organism, Monosomy, Morphogenesis, Multicellular organism, Mutagenesis, Mutation, Nicotine, Nondisjunction, Oocyte, Parasitic twin, Phenotype, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sex-determination system, Somatic cell, Sperm, Stanford University, The New York Times, Transgene, Transheterozygote, Transposable element, Trisomy, Turner syndrome, Ultraviolet, Vanishing twin, X-inactivation, X-ray, Zygosity, Zygote, 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, 46, XX/46,XY. Expand index (31 more) »

Alfred Sturtevant

Alfred Henry Sturtevant (November 21, 1891 – April 5, 1970) was an American geneticist.

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Allele

An allele is a variant form of a given gene.

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Alu element

An Alu element is a short stretch of DNA originally characterized by the action of the Arthrobacter luteus (Alu) restriction endonuclease.

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Anaphase lag

One of many ways to induce Aneuploidy, Anaphase Lag is a mechanism by which a sister chromatid is lost through the course of cell division due to improper spindle formation and subsequent segregation of chromatids.

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Antigenic variation

Antigenic variation refers to the mechanism by which an infectious agent such as a protozoan, bacterium or virus alters its surface proteins in order to evade a host immune response.

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Blastocyst

The blastocyst is a structure formed in the early development of mammals.

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Blastula

The blastula (from Greek βλαστός (blastos), meaning "sprout") is a hollow sphere of cells, referred to as blastomeres, surrounding an inner fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoele formed during an early stage of embryonic development in animals.

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Blood

Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

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Calico cat

Calico cats are domestic cats with a spotted or particolored coat that is predominantly white, with patches of two other colors (often orange and black).

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Cancer research

Cancer research is research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure.

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Cell (biology)

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

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Centromere

The centromere is the specialized DNA sequence of a chromosome that links a pair of sister chromatids (a dyad).

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Chimera (genetics)

A genetic chimerism or chimera (also spelled chimaera) is a single organism composed of cells with distinct genotypes.

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Chromosome segregation

Chromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus.

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Curt Stern

Curt Stern (August 30, 1902 – October 23, 1981) was a German-born American geneticist.

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DNA methylation

DNA methylation is a process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule.

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DNA polymerase

DNA polymerases are enzymes that synthesize DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.

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Dominance (genetics)

Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus.

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Drosophila

Drosophila is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit.

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Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.

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Embryo

An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.

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Embryogenesis

Embryogenesis is the process by which the embryo forms and develops.

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Endoreduplication

Endoreduplication (also referred to as endoreplication or endocycling) is replication of the nuclear genome in the absence of mitosis, which leads to elevated nuclear gene content and polyploidy.

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Epithelium

Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.

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Fertilisation

Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, conception, fecundation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to initiate the development of a new individual organism.

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FLP-FRT recombination

In genetics, Flp-FRT recombination is a site-directed recombination technology, increasingly used to manipulate an organism's DNA under controlled conditions in vivo.

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Fluorescence

Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.

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GAL4/UAS system

The GAL4-UAS system is a biochemical method used to study gene expression and function in organisms such as the fruit fly.

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Gamete

A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετή gamete from gamein "to marry") is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that sexually reproduce.

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Genetic recombination

Genetic recombination (aka genetic reshuffling) is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

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Genotype

The genotype is the part of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of an organism or individual, which determines one of its characteristics (phenotype).

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Green fluorescent protein

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein composed of 238 amino acid residues (26.9 kDa) that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range.

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Gynandromorphism

A gynandromorph is an organism that contains both male and female characteristics.

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Heterochromia iridum

Heterochromia is a difference in coloration, usually of the iris but also of hair or skin.

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Human embryogenesis

Human embryogenesis is the process of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development.

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Ichthyosis with confetti

Ichthyosis en confetti, also known as ichthyosis with confetti, congenital reticular ichthyosiform erythroderma (CRIE) and ichthyosis variegata, is a very rare form of congenital ichthyosis in which healthy patches of normal skin co-exist within the abnormal skin areas.

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In vitro fertilisation

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm outside the body, in vitro ("in glass").

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Intersex

Intersex people are born with any of several variations in sex characteristics including chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, or genitals that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit the typical definitions for male or female bodies".

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Irradiation

Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation.

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Janelia Research Campus

Janelia Research Campus is a research campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute that opened in October 2006, after ground was broken in 2000.

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Klinefelter syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) also known as 47,XXY or XXY, is the set of symptoms that result from two or more X chromosomes in males.

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L1 (protein)

L1, also known as L1CAM, is a transmembrane protein member of the L1 protein family, encoded by the L1CAM gene.

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Leukemia

Leukemia, also spelled leukaemia, is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells.

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Liqun Luo

Liqun Luo is a neuroscientist in the Department of Biology at Stanford University, where he is the Ann and Bill Swindells Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences.

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Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a group of blood cancers that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell).

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MARCM

Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker, or MARCM, is a genetics technique for creating individually labeled homozygous cells in an otherwise heterozygous Drosophila melanogaster.

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Meiosis

Meiosis (from Greek μείωσις, meiosis, which means lessening) is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.

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Mitosis

In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.

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Mitotic recombination

Mitotic recombination is a type of genetic recombination that may occur in somatic cells during their preparation for mitosis in both sexual and asexual organisms.

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Mobile genetic elements

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are a type of genetic materials that can move around within a genome, or that can be transferred from one species or replicon to another.

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Model organism

A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.

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Monosomy

Monosomy is a form of aneuploidy with the presence of only one chromosome from a pair.

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Morphogenesis

Morphogenesis (from the Greek morphê shape and genesis creation, literally, "beginning of the shape") is the biological process that causes an organism to develop its shape.

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Multicellular organism

Multicellular organisms are organisms that consist of more than one cell, in contrast to unicellular organisms.

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Mutagenesis

Mutagenesis is a process by which the genetic information of an organism is changed, resulting in a mutation.

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Mutation

In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.

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Nicotine

Nicotine is a potent parasympathomimetic stimulant and an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants.

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Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division.

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Oocyte

An oocyte, oöcyte, ovocyte, or rarely ocyte, is a female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction.

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Parasitic twin

A parasitic twin (also known as an asymmetrical or unequal conjoined twin) is the result of the processes that also produce vanishing twins and conjoined twins, and may represent a continuum between the two.

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Phenotype

A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of yeast.

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Sex-determination system

A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism.

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Somatic cell

A somatic cell (from the Greek σῶμα sôma, meaning "body") or vegetal cell is any biological cell forming the body of an organism; that is, in a multicellular organism, any cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell.

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Sperm

Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word (σπέρμα) sperma (meaning "seed").

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Stanford University

Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University, colloquially the Farm) is a private research university in Stanford, California.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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Transgene

A transgene is a gene or genetic material that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another.

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Transheterozygote

The term transheterozygote is used in modern genetics periodicals in two different ways.

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Transposable element

A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.

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Trisomy

A trisomy is a type of polysomy in which there are three instances of a particular chromosome, instead of the normal two.

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Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome (TS), also known as 45,X or 45,X0, is a condition in which a female is partly or completely missing an X chromosome.

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Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.

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Vanishing twin

A vanishing twin, also known as fetal resorption, is a fetus in a multi-gestation pregnancy which dies in utero and is then partially or completely reabsorbed.

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X-inactivation

X-inactivation (also called lyonization) is a process by which one of the copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated.

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X-ray

X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.

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Zygosity

Zygosity is the degree of similarity of the alleles for a trait in an organism.

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Zygote

A zygote (from Greek ζυγωτός zygōtos "joined" or "yoked", from ζυγοῦν zygoun "to join" or "to yoke") is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.

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45,X/46,XY mosaicism

45,X/46,XY mosaicism, also known as X0/XY mosaicism and mixed gonadal dysgenesis, "45,X/46,XY including Y chromosome rearrangements".

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46, XX/46,XY

46,XX/46,XY is a chimeric genetic disorder caused by having two distinct cell populations within the body.

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Cellular mosaicism, Chromosomal mosaic, Chromosomal mosaicism, Genetic Mosaic, Genetic mosaic, Genetic mosaicism, Gonadal mosaic, Gonadal mosicism, Mosaic (genetic), Mosaic DNA, Mosaic analysis, Mosaic animal, Mosaic animals, Mosaic tissue effect, Mosaic trisomy, Mosaicism, Somatic mosaicism.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_(genetics)

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