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104 relations: Abrikosov vortex, Adjoint representation, Albert Schwarz, Alexander Belavin, Alexander Markovich Polyakov, Asymptotic freedom, Atom, Atomic nucleus, Baryon number, Boson, BPST instanton, Center (group theory), Center vortex, Chiral anomaly, Chiral perturbation theory, Chiral symmetry breaking, Chirality (physics), Color confinement, Conformal anomaly, Conformal symmetry, Continuous symmetry, Cooper pair, Correlation function (quantum field theory), CPT symmetry, Crossing (physics), Current algebra, Deconfinement, Dirac equation, Down quark, Dual resonance model, Dual superconductor model, Electric charge, Eta meson, Euclidean vector, Fermionic condensate, Field (physics), Flavour (particle physics), Form factor (quantum field theory), Gauge theory, Gerard 't Hooft, Gluon, Gluon condensate, Goldstone boson, Hadron, Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), Higgs mechanism, Infrared divergence, Instanton, Instanton fluid, Lagrangian (field theory), ..., Lattice gauge theory, Lattice QCD, Length scale, Lund string model, Magnet, Magnetic dipole, Magnetic flux, Magnetic monopole, Meson, Nielsen–Olesen vortex, Non-perturbative, Operator product expansion, Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics), Physical Review, Pion, Poincaré group, Pseudoscalar, QCD matter, QED vacuum, Quantum chromodynamics, Quantum electrodynamics, Quantum field theory, Quantum state, Quantum tunnelling, Quark, Quark model, Regge theory, Rho meson, Rotation, Skyrmion, Soliton, Special unitary group, Spectral asymmetry, Spontaneous symmetry breaking, Stanley Mandelstam, Steven Weinberg, Strange quark, String theory, Strong CP problem, Strong interaction, Superconductivity, Tensor, Theory of relativity, Top quark condensate, Topological defect, Topology, Up quark, Vacuum expectation value, Vacuum state, Wave function, Winding number, Yoichiro Nambu, Yukawa interaction, 1/N expansion. Expand index (54 more) »
Abrikosov vortex
In superconductivity, an Abrikosov vortex (also called a fluxon) is a vortex of supercurrent in a type-II superconductor theoretically predicted by Alexei Abrikosov in 1957.
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Adjoint representation
In mathematics, the adjoint representation (or adjoint action) of a Lie group G is a way of representing the elements of the group as linear transformations of the group's Lie algebra, considered as a vector space.
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Albert Schwarz
Albert Solomonovich Schwarz (А.; born June 24, 1934) is a mathematician and a theoretical physicist educated in the Soviet Union and now a professor at the University of California, Davis.
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Alexander Belavin
Alexander "Sasha" Abramovich Belavin (Алекса́ндр Абрамо́вич Бела́вин, born 1942) is a Russian physicist, known for his contributions to string theory.
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Alexander Markovich Polyakov
Alexander Markovich Polyakov (Алекса́ндр Ма́ркович Поляко́в; born 27 September 1945) is a Russian theoretical physicist, formerly at the Landau Institute in Moscow and, since 1990, at Princeton University.
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Asymptotic freedom
In particle physics, asymptotic freedom is a property of some gauge theories that causes interactions between particles to become asymptotically weaker as the energy scale increases and the corresponding length scale decreases.
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Atom
An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.
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Atomic nucleus
The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment.
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Baryon number
In particle physics, the baryon number is a strictly conserved additive quantum number of a system.
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Boson
In quantum mechanics, a boson is a particle that follows Bose–Einstein statistics.
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BPST instanton
In theoretical physics, the BPST instanton is the instanton with winding number 1 found by Alexander Belavin, Alexander Polyakov, Albert Schwarz and Yu. S. Tyupkin.
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Center (group theory)
In abstract algebra, the center of a group,, is the set of elements that commute with every element of.
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Center vortex
Center vortices are line-like topological defects that exist in the vacuum of Yang–Mills theory and QCD.
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Chiral anomaly
In physics, a chiral anomaly is the anomalous nonconservation of a chiral current.
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Chiral perturbation theory
Chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) is an effective field theory constructed with a Lagrangian consistent with the (approximate) chiral symmetry of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), as well as the other symmetries of parity and charge conjugation.
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Chiral symmetry breaking
In particle physics, chiral symmetry breaking is the spontaneous symmetry breaking of a chiral symmetry – usually by a gauge theory such as quantum chromodynamics, the quantum field theory of the strong interaction.
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Chirality (physics)
A chiral phenomenon is one that is not identical to its mirror image (see the article on mathematical chirality).
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Color confinement
In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), color confinement, often simply called confinement, is the phenomenon that color charged particles (such as quarks and gluons) cannot be isolated, and therefore cannot be directly observed in normal conditions below the Hagedorn temperature of approximately 2 trillion kelvin (corresponding to energies of approximately 130–140 MeV per particle).
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Conformal anomaly
A conformal anomaly, scale anomaly, or Weyl anomaly is an anomaly, i.e. a quantum phenomenon that breaks the conformal symmetry of the classical theory.
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Conformal symmetry
In mathematical physics, the conformal symmetry of spacetime is expressed by an extension of the Poincaré group.
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Continuous symmetry
In mathematics, continuous symmetry is an intuitive idea corresponding to the concept of viewing some symmetries as motions, as opposed to discrete symmetry, e.g. reflection symmetry, which is invariant under a kind of flip from one state to another.
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Cooper pair
In condensed matter physics, a Cooper pair or BCS pair is a pair of electrons (or other fermions) bound together at low temperatures in a certain manner first described in 1956 by American physicist Leon Cooper.
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Correlation function (quantum field theory)
In quantum field theory, the (real space) n-point correlation function is defined as the functional average (functional expectation value) of a product of n field operators at different positions.
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CPT symmetry
Charge, parity, and time reversal symmetry is a fundamental symmetry of physical laws under the simultaneous transformations of charge conjugation (C), parity transformation (P), and time reversal (T).
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Crossing (physics)
In quantum field theory, a branch of theoretical physics, crossing is the property of scattering amplitudes that allows antiparticles to be interpreted as particles going backwards in time.
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Current algebra
Certain commutation relations among the current density operators in quantum field theories define an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra called a current algebra.
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Deconfinement
In physics, deconfinement (in contrast to confinement) is the property of a phase in which certain particles are allowed to exist as free excitations, rather than only within bound states.
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Dirac equation
In particle physics, the Dirac equation is a relativistic wave equation derived by British physicist Paul Dirac in 1928.
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Down quark
The down quark or d quark (symbol: d) is the second-lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle, and a major constituent of matter.
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Dual resonance model
In theoretical physics, a dual resonance model arose during the early investigation (1968–1973) of string theory as an S-matrix theory of the strong interaction.
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Dual superconductor model
In the theory of quantum chromodynamics, dual superconductor models attempt to explain confinement of quarks in terms of an electromagnetic dual theory of superconductivity.
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Electric charge
Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
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Eta meson
The eta and eta prime meson are isosinglet mesons made of a mixture of up, down and strange quarks and their antiquarks.
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Euclidean vector
In mathematics, physics, and engineering, a Euclidean vector (sometimes called a geometric or spatial vector, or—as here—simply a vector) is a geometric object that has magnitude (or length) and direction.
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Fermionic condensate
A fermionic condensate is a superfluid phase formed by fermionic particles at low temperatures.
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Field (physics)
In physics, a field is a physical quantity, represented by a number or tensor, that has a value for each point in space and time.
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Flavour (particle physics)
In particle physics, flavour or flavor refers to the species of an elementary particle.
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Form factor (quantum field theory)
In elementary particle physics and mathematical physics, in particular in effective field theory, a form factor is a function that encapsulates the properties of a certain particle interaction without including all of the underlying physics, but instead, providing the momentum dependence of suitable matrix elements.
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Gauge theory
In physics, a gauge theory is a type of field theory in which the Lagrangian is invariant under certain Lie groups of local transformations.
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Gerard 't Hooft
Gerardus (Gerard) 't Hooft (born July 5, 1946) is a Dutch theoretical physicist and professor at Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
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Gluon
A gluon is an elementary particle that acts as the exchange particle (or gauge boson) for the strong force between quarks.
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Gluon condensate
In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the gluon condensate is a non-perturbative property of the QCD vacuum which could be partly responsible for giving masses to certain hadrons.
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Goldstone boson
In particle and condensed matter physics, Goldstone bosons or Nambu–Goldstone bosons (NGBs) are bosons that appear necessarily in models exhibiting spontaneous breakdown of continuous symmetries.
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Hadron
In particle physics, a hadron (ἁδρός, hadrós, "stout, thick") is a composite particle made of quarks held together by the strong force in a similar way as molecules are held together by the electromagnetic force.
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Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, a Hamiltonian is an operator corresponding to the total energy of the system in most of the cases.
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Higgs mechanism
In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is essential to explain the generation mechanism of the property "mass" for gauge bosons.
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Infrared divergence
In physics, an infrared divergence (also IR divergence or infrared catastrophe) is a situation in which an integral, for example a Feynman diagram, diverges because of contributions of objects with very small energy approaching zero, or, equivalently, because of physical phenomena at very long distances.
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Instanton
An instanton (or pseudoparticle) is a notion appearing in theoretical and mathematical physics.
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Instanton fluid
In quantum chromodynamics, the instanton fluid model is a model of Wick rotated Euclidean quantum chromodynamics.
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Lagrangian (field theory)
Lagrangian field theory is a formalism in classical field theory.
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Lattice gauge theory
In physics, lattice gauge theory is the study of gauge theories on a spacetime that has been discretized into a lattice.
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Lattice QCD
Lattice QCD is a well-established non-perturbative approach to solving the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) theory of quarks and gluons.
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Length scale
In physics, length scale is a particular length or distance determined with the precision of one order of magnitude.
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Lund string model
In particle physics, the Lund string model is a phenomenological model of hadronization.
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Magnet
A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field.
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Magnetic dipole
A magnetic dipole is the limit of either a closed loop of electric current or a pair of poles as the dimensions of the source are reduced to zero while keeping the magnetic moment constant.
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Magnetic flux
In physics, specifically electromagnetism, the magnetic flux (often denoted or) through a surface is the surface integral of the normal component of the magnetic field B passing through that surface.
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Magnetic monopole
A magnetic monopole is a hypothetical elementary particle in particle physics that is an isolated magnet with only one magnetic pole (a north pole without a south pole or vice versa).
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Meson
In particle physics, mesons are hadronic subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark, bound together by strong interactions.
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Nielsen–Olesen vortex
In theoretical physics, a Nielsen–Olesen vortex is a point-like object localized in two spatial dimensions or, equivalently, a classical solution of field theory with the same property.
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Non-perturbative
In mathematics and physics, a non-perturbative function or process is one that cannot be accurately described by perturbation theory.
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Operator product expansion
In quantum field theory, the operator product expansion (OPE) is used as an axiom to define the product of fields as a sum over the same fields.
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Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler one.
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Physical Review
Physical Review is an American peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1893 by Edward Nichols.
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Pion
In particle physics, a pion (or a pi meson, denoted with the Greek letter pi) is any of three subatomic particles:,, and.
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Poincaré group
The Poincaré group, named after Henri Poincaré (1906), was first defined by Minkowski (1908) as the group of Minkowski spacetime isometries.
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Pseudoscalar
In physics, a pseudoscalar is a quantity that behaves like a scalar, except that it changes sign under a parity inversion such as improper rotations while a true scalar does not.
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QCD matter
Quark matter or QCD matter refers to any of a number of theorized phases of matter whose degrees of freedom include quarks and gluons.
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QED vacuum
The Quantum Electrodynamic Vacuum or QED vacuum is the field-theoretic vacuum of quantum electrodynamics.
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Quantum chromodynamics
In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of the strong interaction between quarks and gluons, the fundamental particles that make up composite hadrons such as the proton, neutron and pion.
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Quantum electrodynamics
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics.
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Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is the theoretical framework for constructing quantum mechanical models of subatomic particles in particle physics and quasiparticles in condensed matter physics.
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Quantum state
In quantum physics, quantum state refers to the state of an isolated quantum system.
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Quantum tunnelling
Quantum tunnelling or tunneling (see spelling differences) is the quantum mechanical phenomenon where a particle tunnels through a barrier that it classically cannot surmount.
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Quark
A quark is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter.
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Quark model
In particle physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks which give rise to the quantum numbers of the hadrons.
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Regge theory
In quantum physics, Regge theory is the study of the analytic properties of scattering as a function of angular momentum, where the angular momentum is not restricted to be an integer multiple of ħ but is allowed to take any complex value.
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Rho meson
In particle physics, a rho meson is a short-lived hadronic particle that is an isospin triplet whose three states are denoted as, and.
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Rotation
A rotation is a circular movement of an object around a center (or point) of rotation.
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Skyrmion
In particle theory, the skyrmion is a topologically stable field configuration of a certain class of non-linear sigma models.
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Soliton
In mathematics and physics, a soliton is a self-reinforcing solitary wave packet that maintains its shape while it propagates at a constant velocity.
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Special unitary group
In mathematics, the special unitary group of degree, denoted, is the Lie group of unitary matrices with determinant 1.
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Spectral asymmetry
In mathematics and physics, the spectral asymmetry is the asymmetry in the distribution of the spectrum of eigenvalues of an operator.
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Spontaneous symmetry breaking
Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a spontaneous process of symmetry breaking, by which a physical system in a symmetric state ends up in an asymmetric state.
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Stanley Mandelstam
Stanley Mandelstam (12 December 1928 – 23 June 2016) was a South Africa-born American theoretical physicist of Jewish ancestry.
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Steven Weinberg
Steven Weinberg (born May 3, 1933) is an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his contributions with Abdus Salam and Sheldon Glashow to the unification of the weak force and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles.
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Strange quark
The strange quark or s quark (from its symbol, s) is the third lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle.
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String theory
In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings.
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Strong CP problem
In particle physics, the strong CP problem is the puzzling question of why quantum chromodynamics (QCD) does not seem to break CP-symmetry.
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Strong interaction
In particle physics, the strong interaction is the mechanism responsible for the strong nuclear force (also called the strong force or nuclear strong force), and is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with the others being electromagnetism, the weak interaction, and gravitation.
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Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic flux fields occurring in certain materials, called superconductors, when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature.
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Tensor
In mathematics, tensors are geometric objects that describe linear relations between geometric vectors, scalars, and other tensors.
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Theory of relativity
The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity.
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Top quark condensate
In particle physics, the top quark condensate theory (or top condensation) is an alternative to the Standard Model fundamental Higgs field, replaced by a composite field of the top quark and its antiquark.
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Topological defect
In mathematics and physics, a topological soliton or a topological defect is a solution of a system of partial differential equations or of a quantum field theory homotopically distinct from the vacuum solution.
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Topology
In mathematics, topology (from the Greek τόπος, place, and λόγος, study) is concerned with the properties of space that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, crumpling and bending, but not tearing or gluing.
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Up quark
The up quark or u quark (symbol: u) is the lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle, and a major constituent of matter.
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Vacuum expectation value
In quantum field theory the vacuum expectation value (also called condensate or simply VEV) of an operator is its average, expected value in the vacuum.
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Vacuum state
In quantum field theory, the quantum vacuum state (also called the quantum vacuum or vacuum state) is the quantum state with the lowest possible energy.
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Wave function
A wave function in quantum physics is a mathematical description of the quantum state of an isolated quantum system.
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Winding number
In mathematics, the winding number of a closed curve in the plane around a given point is an integer representing the total number of times that curve travels counterclockwise around the point.
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Yoichiro Nambu
was a Japanese-American physicist and professor at the University of Chicago.
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Yukawa interaction
In particle physics, Yukawa's interaction or Yukawa coupling, named after Hideki Yukawa, is an interaction between a scalar field ϕ and a Dirac field ψ of the type The Yukawa interaction can be used to describe the nuclear force between nucleons (which are fermions), mediated by pions (which are pseudoscalar mesons).
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1/N expansion
In quantum field theory and statistical mechanics, the 1/N expansion (also known as the "large N" expansion) is a particular perturbative analysis of quantum field theories with an internal symmetry group such as SO(N) or SU(N).
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Redirects here:
Confined phase of QCD, Normal phase of QCD, PCAC, Partially conserved axial current, Partially conserved axial vector current, Quantum chromodynamic vacuum.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QCD_vacuum
