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Eduard Shevardnadze

Index Eduard Shevardnadze

Eduard Ambrosiyevich Shevardnadze (ედუარდ ამბროსის ძე შევარდნაძე, Eduard Ambrosis dze Šewardnadze; 25 January 1928 – 7 July 2014) was a Georgian politician and diplomat. [1]

117 relations: Abasha, Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Abkhazia, Alexander Bessmertnykh (politician), Andrei Gromyko, Andrei Kirilenko (politician), April 9 tragedy, Azerbaijan–Georgia relations, BBC, Black market, Bolsheviks, Boris Pankin, Brookings Institution, Carolyn Ekedahl, Caucasus, Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Chechens, Chechnya, Civil Georgia, Cold War (1985–1991), Communist Party of Georgia, Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Concession (politics), Détente, Deception, Despotism, Dimitri Shevardnadze, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Electoral fraud, Era of Stagnation, First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Georgia (country), Georgian language, Georgian Orthodox Church, Georgian parliamentary election, 2003, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Georgians, Giorgi Margvelashvili, Government of the Soviet Union, Great Purge, Grey market, Guria, Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Hero of Socialist Labour, Heydar Aliyev, History of the Soviet Union (1982–91), Holy Trinity Cathedral of Tbilisi, Hungarian People's Republic, Igor Ivanov, ..., Independent politician, Indiana University Press, Irakli Garibashvili, Istiglal Order, Ivan Silayev, James Baker, János Kádár, John Kerry, Joseph Stalin, Jumber Patiashvili, Komsomol, Konstantin Chernenko, Leonid Brezhnev, List of heads of state of the Soviet Union, Major general, Mamati, Mensheviks, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mikheil Saakashvili, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union), Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia), Nanuli Shevardnadze, Nikita Khrushchev, Nikolai Ryzhkov, Nikolai Tikhonov, Nino Burjanadze, NKVD, On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences, Order of Lenin, Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, Order of the October Revolution, Order of the Patriotic War, Order of the Red Banner of Labour, Order of the State of Republic of Turkey, Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, President of Georgia, Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, Rose Revolution, Russian language, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Secession, Shortage economy, South Ossetia, Soviet people, Soviet Union, Soviet–Afghan War, Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, TASS, Tbilisi, Telecommunications in Georgia (country), Time (magazine), Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Transparency International, Union of Citizens of Georgia, Vasil Mzhavanadze, Vladimir Putin, Yegor Ligachyov, Yuri Andropov, Zurab Zhvania, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, 1956 Georgian demonstrations, 1978 Georgian demonstrations, 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 27th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Expand index (67 more) »

Abasha

Abasha (აბაშა) is a town in western Georgia with a population of 4,941.

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Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

The Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Абхазская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика; აფხაზეთის ავტონომიური საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა; Аҧснытәи Автономтә Советтә Социалисттә Республика), abbreviated as Abkhaz ASSR (Абхазская АССР; აფხაზეთის ასსრ; Аҧснытәи АССР) was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union within the Georgian SSR.

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Abkhazia

Abkhazia (Аҧсны́; აფხაზეთი; p) is a territory on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, south of the Greater Caucasus mountains, in northwestern Georgia.

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Alexander Bessmertnykh (politician)

Alexander Alexandrovich Bessmertnykh (Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Бессме́ртных; born 10 November 1933) is a Russian diplomat who briefly served as foreign minister of the Soviet Union.

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Andrei Gromyko

Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko (Андре́й Андре́евич Громы́ко; Андрэ́й Андрэ́евіч Грамы́ка; – 2 July 1989) was a Soviet communist politician during the Cold War.

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Andrei Kirilenko (politician)

Andrei Pavlovich Kirilenko (p; – 12 May 1990) was a Soviet statesman from the start to the end of the Cold War.

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April 9 tragedy

The April 9 tragedy (also known as Tbilisi massacre or Tbilisi tragedy) refers to the events in Tbilisi, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, on April 9, 1989, when an anti-Soviet demonstration was dispersed by the Soviet Army, resulting in 21 deaths and hundreds of injuries.

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Azerbaijan–Georgia relations

Azerbaijan–Georgia relations refer to foreign relations between Azerbaijan and Georgia.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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Black market

A black market, underground economy, or shadow economy is a clandestine market or transaction that has some aspect of illegality or is characterized by some form of noncompliant behavior with an institutional set of rules.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Boris Pankin

Boris Dimitrievich Pankin (Борис Дмитриевич Панкин; born 20 February 1931 in Frunze) was Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR for a brief period in 1991.

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Brookings Institution

The Brookings Institution is a century-old American research group on Think Tank Row in Washington, D.C. It conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in economics, metropolitan policy, governance, foreign policy, and global economy and development.

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Carolyn Ekedahl

Carolyn McGiffert Ekedahl is a deputy inspector general at the Central Intelligence Agency.

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Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.

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Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was de jure the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) between Party Congresses.

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Chechens

Chechens (Нохчий; Old Chechen: Нахчой Naxçoy) are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples originating in the North Caucasus region of Eastern Europe.

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Chechnya

The Chechen Republic (tɕɪˈtɕɛnskəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə; Нохчийн Республика, Noxçiyn Respublika), commonly referred to as Chechnya (p; Нохчийчоь, Noxçiyçö), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia.

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Civil Georgia

Civil Georgia (სივილ ჯორჯია) is a Tbilisi-based free daily news website run by Georgian NGO UN Association of Georgia.

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Cold War (1985–1991)

The Cold War period of 1985–1991 began with the rise of Mikhail Gorbachev as leader of the Soviet Union.

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Communist Party of Georgia

Communist Party of Georgia (Sakartvelos Komunisturi Partia) is a communist party in Georgia.

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Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union.

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Concession (politics)

In politics, a concession is the act of a losing candidate publicly yielding to a winning candidate after an election after the overall result of the vote has become clear.

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Détente

Détente (meaning "relaxation") is the easing of strained relations, especially in a political situation.

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Deception

Deception is the act of propagating a belief that is not true, or is not the whole truth (as in half-truths or omission).

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Despotism

Despotism (Δεσποτισμός, Despotismós) is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power.

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Dimitri Shevardnadze

Dimitri Shevardnadze (დიმიტრი შევარდნაძე) (December 1, 1885 – 1937) was a Georgian painter, art collector and intellectual purged during Joseph Stalin's repressions.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.

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Electoral fraud

Electoral fraud, election manipulation, or vote rigging is illegal interference with the process of an election, whether by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both.

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Era of Stagnation

The Era of Stagnation (Период застоя, Stagnation Period, also called the Brezhnevian Stagnation) was the period in the history of the Soviet Union which began during the rule of Leonid Brezhnev (1964–1982) and continued under Yuri Andropov (1982–1984) and Konstantin Chernenko (1984–1985).

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First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party

The First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party was the leading position in the Georgian Communist party during the Soviet era.

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General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was an office of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) that by the late 1920s had evolved into the most powerful of the Central Committee's various secretaries.

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Georgia (country)

Georgia (tr) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Georgian language

Georgian (ქართული ენა, translit.) is a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians.

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Georgian Orthodox Church

The Georgian Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church (საქართველოს სამოციქულო ავტოკეფალური მართლმადიდებელი ეკლესია, sakartvelos samotsikulo avt’ok’epaluri martlmadidebeli ek’lesia) is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church in full communion with the other churches of Eastern Orthodoxy.

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Georgian parliamentary election, 2003

Parliamentary elections were held in Georgia on 2 November 2003 alongside a constitutional referendum.

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Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

Georgia, formally the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (Georgian SSR; tr; Gruzinskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), was one of the republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991.

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Georgians

The Georgians or Kartvelians (tr) are a nation and Caucasian ethnic group native to Georgia.

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Giorgi Margvelashvili

Giorgi Margvelashvili (გიორგი მარგველაშვილი; born 4 September 1969) is a Georgian academic and politician who has been the fourth President of Georgia since 17 November 2013.

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Government of the Soviet Union

The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian: Правительство СССР, Pravitel'stvo SSSR) was the main body of the executive branch of government in the Soviet Union.

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Great Purge

The Great Purge or the Great Terror (Большо́й терро́р) was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union which occurred from 1936 to 1938.

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Grey market

A grey or gray market (sometimes confused with the similar term parallel market) refers to the trade of a commodity through distribution channels that are legal but unintended by the original manufacturer or trade mark proprietor.

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Guria

Guria (გურია) is a region (mkhare) in Georgia, in the western part of the country, bordered by the eastern end of the Black Sea.

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Hans-Dietrich Genscher

Hans-Dietrich Genscher (21 March 1927 – 31 March 2016) was a German statesman and a member of the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP), who served as the Minister of the Interior of West Germany from 1969 to 1974, and as the Foreign Minister and Vice Chancellor of West Germany and then the reunified Germany from 1974 to 1992 (except for a two-week break in 1982), making him the longest-serving occupant of either post.

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Hero of Socialist Labour

Hero of Socialist Labour was an honorary title of the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries.

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Heydar Aliyev

Heydar Alirza oghlu Aliyev, also spelled Gaydar Aliev (Heydər Əlirza oğlu Əliyev; Гейда́р Али́евич Али́ев Geydar Aliyevich Aliyev; 10 May 1923 – 12 December 2003), was the third President of Azerbaijan who served from October 1993 to October 2003.

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History of the Soviet Union (1982–91)

The history of the Soviet Union from 1982 through 1991 spans the period from Leonid Brezhnev's death and funeral until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Holy Trinity Cathedral of Tbilisi

The Holy Trinity Cathedral of Tbilisi (თბილისის წმინდა სამების საკათედრო ტაძარი Tbilisis cminda samebis sakatedro tadzari) commonly known as Sameba (სამების ლავრა for Trinity) is the main cathedral of the Georgian Orthodox Church located in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia.

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Hungarian People's Republic

The Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar Népköztársaság) was a one-party socialist republic (communist state) from 20 August 1949 to 23 October 1989.

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Igor Ivanov

Igor Sergeyevich Ivanov (born 23 September 1945) is a Russian politician who was Foreign Minister of Russia from 1998 to 2004.

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Independent politician

An independent or nonpartisan politician is an individual politician not affiliated with any political party.

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Indiana University Press

Indiana University Press, also known as IU Press, is an academic publisher founded in 1950 at Indiana University that specializes in the humanities and social sciences.

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Irakli Garibashvili

Irakli Garibashvili (ირაკლი ღარიბაშვილი, also transliterated as Gharibashvili; born June 28, 1982) was the Prime Minister of Georgia from November 20, 2013 until his resignation on December 29, 2015, and is a former business executive.

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Istiglal Order

Istiglal Order (Istiqlal ordeni), is the highest supreme order of the Republic of Azerbaijan, along with Heydar Aliyev Order.

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Ivan Silayev

Ivan Stepanovich Silayev (Ива́н Степа́нович Сила́ев; born 21 October 1930) is a former Soviet official who became a Russian politician following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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James Baker

James Addison Baker III (born April 28, 1930) is an American attorney and political figure.

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János Kádár

János Kádár (26 May 1912 – 6 July 1989) was a Hungarian communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, presiding over the country from 1956 until his retirement in 1988.

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John Kerry

John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is an American politician who served as the 68th United States Secretary of State from 2013 to 2017.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.

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Jumber Patiashvili

Jumber Patiashvili (ჯუმბერ პატიაშვილი) (born January 5, 1940) is a Georgian politician.

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Komsomol

The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (Всесою́зный ле́нинский коммунисти́ческий сою́з молодёжи (ВЛКСМ)), usually known as Komsomol (Комсомо́л, a syllabic abbreviation of the Russian kommunisticheskiy soyuz molodyozhi), was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union.

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Konstantin Chernenko

Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (p, 24 September 1911 – 10 March 1985) was a Soviet politician and the fifth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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Leonid Brezhnev

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (a; Леоні́д Іллі́ч Бре́жнєв, 19 December 1906 (O.S. 6 December) – 10 November 1982) was a Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982 as the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), presiding over the country until his death and funeral in 1982.

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List of heads of state of the Soviet Union

The Constitution of the Soviet Union recognised the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and the earlier Central Executive Committee (CEC) of the Congress of Soviets as the highest organs of state authority in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

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Major general

Major general (abbreviated MG, Maj. Gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries.

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Mamati

Mamati is a small village in Lanchkhuti, Guria, western Georgia.

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Mensheviks

The Mensheviks (меньшевики) were a faction in the Russian socialist movement, the other being the Bolsheviks.

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Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, GCL (born 2 March 1931) is a Russian and former Soviet politician.

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Mikheil Saakashvili

Mikheil Saakashvili (მიხეილ სააკაშვილი, Mixeil Saak'ašvili; Міхеіл Саакашвілі, Michejil Saakašwili; born 21 December 1967) is a Georgian and Ukrainian politician.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)

The Ministry of External Relations (MER) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (Министерство иностранных дел СССР), formed on 16 July 1923, was one of the most important government offices in the Soviet Union.

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Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MOI, Министерство внутренних дел, МВД, Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del, MVD) is the interior ministry of Russia.

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Nanuli Shevardnadze

Nanuli Shevardnadze (ნანული შევარდნაძე) née Tsagareishvili (ცაგარეიშვილი) (9 March 1929 – 20 October 2004) was a Soviet and Georgian journalist and activist.

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Nikita Khrushchev

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April 1894 – 11 September 1971) was a Soviet statesman who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964.

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Nikolai Ryzhkov

Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov (Ukrainian: Рижков Микола Іванович, Russian: Николай Иванович Рыжков, Nikolaj Ivanovič Ryžkov; born 28 September 1929) is a former Soviet official who became a Russian politician following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Nikolai Tikhonov

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Tikhonov (Николай Александрович Тихонов; Kharkiv, – Moscow, 1 June 1997) was a Soviet Russian-Ukrainian statesman during the Cold War.

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Nino Burjanadze

Nino Burjanadze (Georgian: ნინო ბურჯანაძე, also romanized Burdzhanadze or Burdjanadze, born 16 July 1964) is a Georgian politician and lawyer who served as Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia from November 2001 to June 2008.

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NKVD

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Народный комиссариат внутренних дел, Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del), abbreviated NKVD (НКВД), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.

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On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences

"On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences" («О культе личности и его последствиях», «O kul'te lichnosti i yego posledstviyakh») was a report by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev made to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on 25 February 1956.

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Order of Lenin

The Order of Lenin (Orden Lenina), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930.

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Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is the only federal decoration of Germany.

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Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise

The Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise (Орден князя Ярослава Мудрого) is an award of Ukraine.

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Order of the October Revolution

The Order of the October Revolution (Орден Октябрьской Революции, Orden Oktyabr'skoy Revolyutsii) was instituted on October 31, 1967, in time for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution.

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Order of the Patriotic War

The Order of the Patriotic War (Орден Отечественной войны) is a Soviet military decoration that was awarded to all soldiers in the Soviet armed forces, security troops, and to partisans for heroic deeds during the German-Soviet War, known by the former-Soviet Union as the Great Patriotic War.

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Order of the Red Banner of Labour

The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (translit) was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to the Soviet state and society in the fields of production, science, culture, literature, the arts, education, health, social and other spheres of labour activities.

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Order of the State of Republic of Turkey

The Order of the State of Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Nişanı) is the highest state order awarded to foreign nationals by the President of the Republic of Turkey.

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Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Politburo (p, full: Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated Политбюро ЦК КПСС, Politbyuro TsK KPSS) was the highest policy-making government authority under the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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President of Georgia

The President of Georgia (საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი, sakartvelos prezidenti) is the head of state and supreme commander-in-chief.

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Presidium of the Supreme Soviet

The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (Президиум Верховного Совета or Prezidium Verkhovnogo Soveta) was a Soviet governmental institution – a permanent body of the Supreme Soviets (parliaments).

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Rose Revolution

The Revolution of Roses, often translated into English as the Rose Revolution (ვარდების რევოლუცია vardebis revolutsia), describes a pro-Western peaceful change of power in Georgia in November 2003.

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Russian language

Russian (rússkiy yazýk) is an East Slavic language, which is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely spoken throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia.

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Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Ru-Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика.ogg), also unofficially known as the Russian Federation, Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I or Russia (rɐˈsʲijə; from the Ρωσία Rōsía — Rus'), was an independent state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest, most populous, and most economically developed union republic of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991 and then a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991.

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Secession

Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio) is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance.

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Shortage economy

Shortage economy (gospodarka niedoboru, hiánygazdaság) is a term coined by the Hungarian economist, János Kornai.

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South Ossetia

South Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region, is a disputed territory in the South Caucasus, in the northern part of the internationally recognised Georgian territory.

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Soviet people

Soviet people (r) or citizens of the USSR (Grázhdane SSSR) was an umbrella demonym for the population of the Soviet Union.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Soviet–Afghan War

The Soviet–Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989.

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Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union

The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments.

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TASS

Russian News Agency TASS (Informatsionnoye agentstvo Rossii TASS), abbr.

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Tbilisi

Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some countries also still named by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis, is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people.

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Telecommunications in Georgia (country)

Telecommunications in Georgia include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Transcaucasian SFSR or TSFSR), also known as the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union that existed from 1922 to 1936.

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Transparency International

Transparency International e.V. (TI) is an international non-governmental organization which is based in Berlin, Germany, and was founded in 1993.

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Union of Citizens of Georgia

The Union of Citizens of Georgia (საქართველოს მოქალაქეთა კავშირი) (also known as the Citizens' Union of Georgia or Georgian Citizens' Union) was a centre-left political party established by Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia from 1992–2003 and David Chantladze, former General Trade Representative of the Soviet Union to Czechoslovakia.

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Vasil Mzhavanadze

Vasil Pavlovich Mzhavanadze (also Vasily; ვასილ მჟავანაძე; – 31 August 1988) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Georgian SSR from September 1953 to September 28, 1972 and a member of the CPSU's Politburo from June 29, 1957 to December 18, 1972.

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Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (a; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian statesman and former intelligence officer serving as President of Russia since 2012, previously holding the position from 2000 until 2008.

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Yegor Ligachyov

Yegor Kuzmich Ligachyov (also transliterated as Ligachev; Его́р Кузьми́ч Лигачёв; born 29 November 1920) is a Soviet politician who was a high-ranking official in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).

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Yuri Andropov

Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (p; – 9 February 1984) was a Soviet politician and the fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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Zurab Zhvania

Zurab Zhvania (ზურაბ ჟვანია, Zurab Žwania; 9 December 1963 – 3 February 2005) was a Georgian politician, who served as Prime Minister of Georgia and Speaker of the Parliament of Georgia.

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Zviad Gamsakhurdia

Zviad Gamsakhurdia (ზვიად გამსახურდია, tr. Zviad K'onst'ant'ines dze Gamsakhurdia; Звиа́д Константи́нович Гамсаху́рдия, tr. Zviad Konstantinovich Gamsakhurdiya; March 31, 1939 – December 31, 1993) was a Georgian politician, dissident, scholar, and writer who became the first democratically elected President of Georgia in the post-Soviet era.

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1956 Georgian demonstrations

The March 1956 demonstrations (also known as the 1956 Tbilisi riots or 9 March massacre) in the Georgian SSR were a series of protests against Nikita Khrushchev's revisionist de-Stalinization policy, which shocked Georgian supporters of Marxist–Leninist ideology.

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1978 Georgian demonstrations

On 14 April 1978, demonstrations in Tbilisi, capital of the Georgian SSR, took place in response to an attempt by the Soviet government to change the constitutional status of languages in Georgia.

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1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt

The 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, also known as the August Coup (r "August Putsch"), was an attempt by members of the Soviet Union's government to take control of the country from Soviet President and General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev.

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20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was held during the period 14–25 February 1956.

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25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The 25th congress of the Communist party of the USSR met in Moscow from February 24 to March 5, 1976.

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27th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The 27th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 27th Central Committee in the aftermath of the 27th Congress.

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Redirects here:

Edouard A. Shevardnadze, Edouard Shevardnadze, Eduard A. Shevardnadze, Eduard Ambrosyevich Shevardnadze, Eduard Amvrosievich Shevardnadze, Eduard Amvrosiyevich Shevardnadze, Eduard Shervanadze, Eduard shevardnadze, Edvard Amvrosievich Shevardnadze, Edvard Shevardnadze, Edward Shevardnadze, President Shevardnadze, Shevardnadze, Eduard, Shevardnadze, Eduard Amvrosiyevich, Shevernadze, Sjevardnadse, ედუარდ შევარდნაძე.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze

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