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Theory of the firm

Index Theory of the firm

The theory of the firm consists of a number of economic theories that explain and predict the nature of the firm, company, or corporation, including its existence, behaviour, structure, and relationship to the market. [1]

100 relations: Adolf A. Berle, Armen Alchian, Arne Nygaard, Asset specificity, Average cost, Bargaining, Bengt Holmström, Bid–ask spread, Blue-collar worker, Bounded rationality, Bureaucracy, Business, Carnegie School, Charles J. Hitch, Commons-based peer production, Company, Competition, Conglomerate (company), Contract, Contract theory, Corporation, Cost, Creative Commons, Delegation, Dynamic capabilities, Economic interventionism, Economics, Economies of scope, Efficiency wage, Empirical evidence, Employee benefits, Employment, Entrepreneurship, Equity (finance), Gains from trade, Gardiner Means, George Akerlof, George Barclay Richardson, Herbert A. Simon, Hold-up problem, Human capital, Incentive, Incomplete contracts, Industrial organization, Information asymmetry, James G. March, Jean Tirole, John Moore (economist), Knowledge-based theory of the firm, Labour economics, ..., Law, Linux, Luigi Zingales, Marginal product, Marginalism, Market (economics), Mergers and acquisitions, Michael C. Jensen, Moral hazard, Negotiation, Neoclassical economics, Oliver E. Williamson, Oliver Hart (economist), Open-source software, Organizational capital, Organizational effectiveness, Outline of industrial organization, Perfect competition, Price controls, Principal–agent problem, Privatization, Property rights (economics), Rationing, Reciprocity (cultural anthropology), Reputation, Returns to scale, Richard Cyert, Robert Dahlstrom, Ronald Coase, Rule of thumb, Sales tax, Sanford J. Grossman, Satisficing, Share-alike, Shareholder, Takeover, The American Economic Review, The Nature of the Firm, The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, The Wealth of Networks, Transaction cost, Trust (emotion), United States, Utility, White-collar worker, Wikipedia, William Baumol, Williamson's model of managerial discretion, X-inefficiency, Yochai Benkler. Expand index (50 more) »

Adolf A. Berle

Adolf Augustus Berle Jr. (January 27, 1895 – February 17, 1971) was a lawyer, educator, author, and U.S. diplomat.

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Armen Alchian

Armen Albert Alchian (April 12, 1914 – February 19, 2013) was an American economist and professor of economics at the University of California, Los Angeles.

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Arne Nygaard

Arne Nygaard (born 17 May 1957) is a Norwegian organizational theorist best known for his work with Robert Dahlstrom on transaction costs in franchising.

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Asset specificity

Asset specificity is a term related to the inter-party relationships of a transaction.

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Average cost

In economics, average cost and/or unit cost is equal to total cost divided by the number of goods produced (the output quantity, Q).

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Bargaining

Bargaining or haggling is a type of negotiation in which the buyer and seller of a good or service debate the price and exact nature of a transaction.

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Bengt Holmström

Bengt Robert Holmström (born 18 April 1949) is a Finnish economist who is currently Paul A. Samuelson Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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Bid–ask spread

The bid–ask spread (also bid–offer or bid/ask and buy/sell in the case of a market maker), is the difference between the prices quoted (either by a single market maker or in a limit order book) for an immediate sale (offer) and an immediate purchase (bid) for stocks, futures contracts, options, or currency pairs.

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Blue-collar worker

In the United States and (at least some) other English-speaking countries, a blue-collar worker is a working class person who performs manual labor.

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Bounded rationality

Bounded rationality is the idea that when individuals make decisions, their rationality is limited by the tractability of the decision problem, the cognitive limitations of their minds, and the time available to make the decision.

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Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy refers to both a body of non-elective government officials and an administrative policy-making group.

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Business

Business is the activity of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (goods and services).

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Carnegie School

The Carnegie School was a so-called "Freshwater" economics intellectual movement in the 1950s and 1960s based at Carnegie Mellon University and led by Herbert A. Simon, James March, and Richard Cyert.

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Charles J. Hitch

Charles J. Hitch (January 9, 1910 – September 11, 1995) was an American economist and Assistant Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) from 1961 to 1965.

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Commons-based peer production

Commons-based peer production (CBPP) is a term coined by Harvard Law School professor Yochai Benkler.

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Company

A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity made up of an association of people for carrying on a commercial or industrial enterprise.

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Competition

Competition is, in general, a contest or rivalry between two or more entities, organisms, animals, individuals, economic groups or social groups, etc., for territory, a niche, for scarce resources, goods, for mates, for prestige, recognition, for awards, for group or social status, or for leadership and profit.

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Conglomerate (company)

A conglomerate is the combination of two or more corporations operating in entirely different industries under one corporate group, usually involving a parent company and many subsidiaries.

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Contract

A contract is a promise or set of promises that are legally enforceable and, if violated, allow the injured party access to legal remedies.

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Contract theory

In economics, contract theory studies how economic actors can and do construct contractual arrangements, generally in the presence of asymmetric information.

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Corporation

A corporation is a company or group of people or an organisation authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.

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Cost

In production, research, retail, and accounting, a cost is the value of money that has been used up to produce something or deliver a service, and hence is not available for use anymore.

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Creative Commons

Creative Commons (CC) is an American non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share.

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Delegation

Delegation is the assignment of any responsibility or authority to another person (normally from a manager to a subordinate) to carry out specific activities.

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Dynamic capabilities

In organizational theory, dynamic capability is the capability of an organization to purposefully adapt an organization's resource base.

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Economic interventionism

Economic interventionism (sometimes state interventionism) is an economic policy perspective favoring government intervention in the market process to correct the market failures and promote the general welfare of the people.

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Economics

Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Economies of scope

Economies of scope are "efficiencies formed by variety, not volume" (the latter concept is "economies of scale").

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Efficiency wage

In labor economics, the efficiency wage hypothesis argues that wages, at least in some markets, form in a way that is not market-clearing.

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Empirical evidence

Empirical evidence, also known as sensory experience, is the information received by means of the senses, particularly by observation and documentation of patterns and behavior through experimentation.

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Employee benefits

Employee benefits and (especially in British English) benefits in kind (also called fringe benefits, perquisites, or perks) include various types of non-wage compensation provided to employees in addition to their normal wages or salaries.

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Employment

Employment is a relationship between two parties, usually based on a contract where work is paid for, where one party, which may be a corporation, for profit, not-for-profit organization, co-operative or other entity is the employer and the other is the employee.

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Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is the process of designing, launching and running a new business, which is often initially a small business.

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Equity (finance)

In accounting, equity (or owner's equity) is the difference between the value of the assets and the value of the liabilities of something owned.

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Gains from trade

In economics, gains from trade are the net benefits to economic agents from being allowed an increase in voluntary trading with each other.

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Gardiner Means

Gardiner Coit Means (June 8, 1896 in Windham, Connecticut – February 15, 1988 in Vienna, Virginia) was an American economist who worked at Harvard University, where he met lawyer-diplomat Adolf Berle.

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George Akerlof

George Arthur Akerlof (born June 17, 1940) is an American economist who is a University Professor at the McCourt School of Public Policy at Georgetown University and Koshland Professor of Economics Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley.

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George Barclay Richardson

George Barclay Richardson CBE (born 19 September 1924) is a British economist, who was Warden of Keble College, Oxford, from 1989 to 1994.

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Herbert A. Simon

Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001) was an American economist and political scientist whose primary interest was decision-making within organizations and is best known for the theories of "bounded rationality" and "satisficing".

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Hold-up problem

In economics, the hold-up problem (or commitment problem) is central to the theory of incomplete contracts and shows the difficulty in writing complete contracts.

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Human capital

Human capital is a term popularized by Gary Becker, an economist and Nobel Laureate from the University of Chicago, and Jacob Mincer.

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Incentive

An incentive is something that motivates an individual to perform an action.

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Incomplete contracts

In economic theory, the field of contract theory can be subdivided in the theory of complete contracts and the theory of incomplete contracts.

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Industrial organization

In economics, industrial organization or industrial economy is a field that builds on the theory of the firm by examining the structure of (and, therefore, the boundaries between) firms and markets.

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Information asymmetry

In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.

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James G. March

James Gardner March (born 1928 in Cleveland, Ohio) is Jack Steele Parker professor emeritus at Stanford University and the Stanford Graduate School of Education, best known for his research on organizations, his (jointly with Richard Cyert) ''A behavioral theory of the firm'' and organizational decision making.

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Jean Tirole

Jean Tirole (born 9 August 1953) is a French professor of economics.

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John Moore (economist)

John Halstead Hardman Moore CBE FBA FRSE (born 7 May 1954) is an economic theorist.

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Knowledge-based theory of the firm

The knowledge-based theory of the firm considers knowledge as the most strategically significant resource of a firm.

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Labour economics

Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the markets for wage labour.

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Law

Law is a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior.

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Linux

Linux is a family of free and open-source software operating systems built around the Linux kernel.

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Luigi Zingales

Luigi G. Zingales (born February 8, 1963 in Padua, Italy), is a finance professor at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, and the author of two widely reviewed books.

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Marginal product

In economics and in particular neoclassical economics, the marginal product or marginal physical product of an input (factor of production) is the change in output resulting from employing one more unit of a particular input (for instance, the change in output when a firm's labor is increased from five to six units), assuming that the quantities of other inputs are kept constant.

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Marginalism

Marginalism is a theory of economics that attempts to explain the discrepancy in the value of goods and services by reference to their secondary, or marginal, utility.

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Market (economics)

A market is one of the many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange.

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Mergers and acquisitions

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations, or their operating units are transferred or consolidated with other entities.

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Michael C. Jensen

Michael Cole "Mike" Jensen (born November 30, 1939), an American economist, works in the area of financial economics.

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Moral hazard

In economics, moral hazard occurs when someone increases their exposure to risk when insured.

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Negotiation

Negotiation comes from the Latin neg (no) and otsia (leisure) referring to businessmen who, unlike the patricians, had no leisure time in their industriousness; it held the meaning of business (le négoce in French) until the 17th century when it took on the diplomatic connotation as a dialogue between two or more people or parties intended to reach a beneficial outcome over one or more issues where a conflict exists with respect to at least one of these issues.

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Neoclassical economics

Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics focusing on the determination of goods, outputs, and income distributions in markets through supply and demand.

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Oliver E. Williamson

Oliver Eaton Williamson (born September 27, 1932) is an American economist, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, which he shared with Elinor Ostrom.

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Oliver Hart (economist)

Oliver Simon D'Arcy Hart (born on October 9, 1948) is a British-born American economist, currently the Andrew E. Furer Professor of Economics at Harvard University.

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Open-source software

Open-source software (OSS) is a type of computer software whose source code is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to study, change, and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose.

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Organizational capital

Organizational capital is the value to an enterprise which is derived from organization philosophy and systems which leverage the organization’s capability in delivering goods or services.

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Organizational effectiveness

Organizational effectiveness is the concept of how effective an organization is in achieving the outcomes the organization intends to produce.

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Outline of industrial organization

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to industrial organization: Industrial organization – describes the behavior of firms in the marketplace with regard to production, pricing, employment and other decisions.

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Perfect competition

In economics, specifically general equilibrium theory, a perfect market is defined by several idealizing conditions, collectively called perfect competition.

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Price controls

Price controls are governmental restrictions on the prices that can be charged for goods and services in a market.

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Principal–agent problem

The principal–agent problem, in political science and economics, (also known as agency dilemma or the agency problem) occurs when one person or entity (the "agent") is able to make decisions and/or take actions on behalf of, or that impact, another person or entity: the "principal".

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Privatization

Privatization (also spelled privatisation) is the purchase of all outstanding shares of a publicly traded company by private investors, or the sale of a state-owned enterprise to private investors.

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Property rights (economics)

Property rights are theoretical socially-enforced constructs in economics for determining how a resource or economic good is used and owned.

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Rationing

Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services, or an artificial restriction of demand.

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Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)

In cultural anthropology, reciprocity refers to the non-market exchange of goods or labour ranging from direct barter (immediate exchange) to forms of gift exchange where a return is eventually expected (delayed exchange) as in the exchange of birthday gifts.

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Reputation

Reputation or image of a social entity (a person, a social group, or an organization) is an opinion about that entity, typically as a result of social evaluation on a set of criteria.

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Returns to scale

In economics, returns to scale and economies of scale are related but different terms that describe what happens as the scale of production increases in the long run, when all input levels including physical capital usage are variable (chosen by the firm).

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Richard Cyert

Richard Michael Cyert (July 22, 1921 – October 7, 1998) was an American economist, statistician and organizational theorist, who served as the sixth President of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, known from his seminal 1959 work "''A behavioral theory of the firm''" co-authored with and James G. March.

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Robert Dahlstrom

Robert F. Dahlstrom (born c. 1958) is an American organizational theorist and Seibert Professor at Miami University, Department of Marketing.

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Ronald Coase

Ronald Harry Coase (29 December 1910 – 2 September 2013) was a British economist and author.

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Rule of thumb

The English phrase rule of thumb refers to a principle with broad application that is not intended to be strictly accurate or reliable for every situation.

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Sales tax

A sales tax is a tax paid to a governing body for the sales of certain goods and services.

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Sanford J. Grossman

Sanford "Sandy" Jay Grossman (born July 21, 1953) is an American economist and hedge fund manager specializing in quantitative finance.

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Satisficing

Satisficing is a decision-making strategy or cognitive heuristic that entails searching through the available alternatives until an acceptability threshold is met.

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Share-alike

Share-alike is a copyright licensing term, originally used by the Creative Commons project, to describe works or licences that require copies or adaptations of the work to be released under the same or similar licence as the original.

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Shareholder

A shareholder or stockholder is an individual or institution (including a corporation) that legally owns one or more shares of stock in a public or private corporation.

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Takeover

In business, a takeover is the purchase of one company (the target) by another (the acquirer, or bidder).

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The American Economic Review

The American Economic Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics.

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The Nature of the Firm

“The Nature of the Firm” (1937), is an article by Ronald Coase.

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The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics

The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (2008), 2nd ed., is an eight-volume reference work on economics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume and published by Palgrave Macmillan.

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The Wealth of Networks

The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom is a book by Harvard Law School professor Yochai Benkler published by Yale University Press on April 3, 2006.

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Transaction cost

In economics and related disciplines, a transaction cost is a cost in making any economic trade when participating in a market.

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Trust (emotion)

In a social context, trust has several connotations.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Utility

Within economics the concept of utility is used to model worth or value, but its usage has evolved significantly over time.

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White-collar worker

In many countries (such as Australia, Canada, France, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and United States), a white-collar worker is a person who performs professional, managerial, or administrative work.

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Wikipedia

Wikipedia is a multilingual, web-based, free encyclopedia that is based on a model of openly editable content.

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William Baumol

William Jack Baumol (February 26, 1922 – May 4, 2017) was an American economist.

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Williamson's model of managerial discretion

Oliver E. Williamson hypothesised (1964) that profit maximization would not be the objective of the managers of a joint stock organisation.

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X-inefficiency

X-inefficiency is the difference between efficient behavior of businesses assumed or implied by economic theory and their observed behavior in practice caused by a lack of competitive pressure.

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Yochai Benkler

Yochai Benkler (born 1964) is an Israeli-American author and the Berkman Professor of Entrepreneurial Legal Studies at Harvard Law School.

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Organizational Dimensions of Information, Organizational dimensions of information, The Theory of the Firm, Theory of the Firm.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_the_firm

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