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41 relations: Association fallacy, Bayes factor, Black swan theory, Carl Gustav Hempel, Contraposition, Erkenntnis, Evidence, First-order logic, Frequency (statistics), Gottlob Frege, Hypothesis, I. J. Good, Inductive reasoning, Infinitesimal, Intuition, Janina Hosiasson-Lindenbaum, Jean Nicod, Karl Popper, Linguistic modality, List of paradoxes, List of weight-of-evidence articles, Logical conjunction, Logical equivalence, Logical form, Many-valued logic, Material conditional, Mind (journal), Natural kind, Nelson Goodman, New riddle of induction, Odds, Paradox, Paradoxes of material implication, Predicate (mathematical logic), Raven, Realis mood, Red herring, Sense and reference, Substitution (logic), Truth value, Type I and type II errors.
Association fallacy
An association fallacy is an informal inductive fallacy of the hasty-generalization or red-herring type and which asserts, by irrelevant association and often by appeal to emotion, that qualities of one thing are inherently qualities of another.
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Bayes factor
In statistics, the use of Bayes factors is a Bayesian alternative to classical hypothesis testing.
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Black swan theory
The black swan theory or theory of black swan events is a metaphor that describes an event that comes as a surprise, has a major effect, and is often inappropriately rationalized after the fact with the benefit of hindsight.
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Carl Gustav Hempel
Carl Gustav "Peter" Hempel (January 8, 1905 – November 9, 1997) was a German writer and philosopher.
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Contraposition
In logic, contraposition is an inference that says that a conditional statement is logically equivalent to its contrapositive.
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Erkenntnis
Erkenntnis is a journal of philosophy that publishes papers in analytic philosophy.
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Evidence
Evidence, broadly construed, is anything presented in support of an assertion.
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First-order logic
First-order logic—also known as first-order predicate calculus and predicate logic—is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science.
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Frequency (statistics)
In statistics the frequency (or absolute frequency) of an event i is the number n_i of times the event occurred in an experiment or study.
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Gottlob Frege
Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (8 November 1848 – 26 July 1925) was a German philosopher, logician, and mathematician.
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Hypothesis
A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
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I. J. Good
Irving John ("I. J."; "Jack") Good (9 December 1916 – 5 April 2009) The Times of 16-apr-09, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article6100314.ece was a British mathematician who worked as a cryptologist at Bletchley Park with Alan Turing.
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Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning (as opposed to ''deductive'' reasoning or ''abductive'' reasoning) is a method of reasoning in which the premises are viewed as supplying some evidence for the truth of the conclusion.
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Infinitesimal
In mathematics, infinitesimals are things so small that there is no way to measure them.
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Intuition
Intuition is the ability to acquire knowledge without proof, evidence, or conscious reasoning, or without understanding how the knowledge was acquired.
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Janina Hosiasson-Lindenbaum
Janina Hosiasson-Lindenbaum (Янина Иосифовна Гозиасон, 6 December 1899 – April 1942) was a Polish logician and philosopher.
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Jean Nicod
Jean George Pierre Nicod (1893, France – 16 February 1924, Geneva, Switzerland) was a French philosopher, mathematician and logician.
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Karl Popper
Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian-British philosopher and professor.
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Linguistic modality
In linguistics, modality is a feature of language that allows for communicating things about, or based on, situations which need not be actual.
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List of paradoxes
This is a list of paradoxes, grouped thematically.
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List of weight-of-evidence articles
Weight of evidence is a measure of evidence on one side of an issue as compared with the evidence on the other side of the issue, or to measure the evidence on multiple issues.
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Logical conjunction
In logic, mathematics and linguistics, And (∧) is the truth-functional operator of logical conjunction; the and of a set of operands is true if and only if all of its operands are true.
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Logical equivalence
In logic, statements p and q are logically equivalent if they have the same logical content.
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Logical form
In philosophy and mathematics, a logical form of a syntactic expression is a precisely-specified semantic version of that expression in a formal system.
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Many-valued logic
In logic, a many-valued logic (also multi- or multiple-valued logic) is a propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values.
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Material conditional
The material conditional (also known as material implication, material consequence, or simply implication, implies, or conditional) is a logical connective (or a binary operator) that is often symbolized by a forward arrow "→".
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Mind (journal)
Mind is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Mind Association.
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Natural kind
In analytic philosophy, the term natural kind identifies a grouping of singular objects that always share particular qualities, whether or not humans know either the objects or qualities.
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Nelson Goodman
Henry Nelson Goodman (7 August 1906 – 25 November 1998) was an American philosopher, known for his work on counterfactuals, mereology, the problem of induction, irrealism, and aesthetics.
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New riddle of induction
Grue and bleen are examples of logical predicates coined by Nelson Goodman in Fact, Fiction, and Forecast to illustrate the "new riddle of induction".
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Odds
Odds are a numerical expression, usually expressed as a pair of numbers, used in both gambling and statistics.
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Paradox
A paradox is a statement that, despite apparently sound reasoning from true premises, leads to an apparently self-contradictory or logically unacceptable conclusion.
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Paradoxes of material implication
The paradoxes of material implication are a group of formulae that are truths of classical logic but are intuitively problematic.
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Predicate (mathematical logic)
In mathematical logic, a predicate is commonly understood to be a Boolean-valued function P: X→, called the predicate on X. However, predicates have many different uses and interpretations in mathematics and logic, and their precise definition, meaning and use will vary from theory to theory.
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Raven
A raven is one of several larger-bodied species of the genus Corvus.
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Realis mood
A realis mood (abbreviated) is a grammatical mood which is used principally to indicate that something is a statement of fact; in other words, to express what the speaker considers to be a known state of affairs, as in declarative sentences.
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Red herring
A red herring is something that misleads or distracts from a relevant or important issue.
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Sense and reference
In the philosophy of language, the distinction between sense and reference was an innovation of the German philosopher and mathematician Gottlob Frege in 1892 (in his paper "On Sense and Reference"; German: "Über Sinn und Bedeutung"), reflecting the two ways he believed a singular term may have meaning.
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Substitution (logic)
Substitution is a fundamental concept in logic.
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Truth value
In logic and mathematics, a truth value, sometimes called a logical value, is a value indicating the relation of a proposition to truth.
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Type I and type II errors
In statistical hypothesis testing, a type I error is the rejection of a true null hypothesis (also known as a "false positive" finding), while a type II error is failing to reject a false null hypothesis (also known as a "false negative" finding).
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All crows are black, All ravens are black, Hempel Paradox, Hempel paradox, Hempel's Black raven paradox, Hempel's Paradox, Hempel's paradox, Hempel's raven, Hempel's raven paradox, Hempel's ravens, Paradox of the raven, Paradox of the ravens, Ravens paradox, The Raven Paradox.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raven_paradox
