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Keynesian economics

Index Keynesian economics

Keynesian economics (sometimes called Keynesianism) are the various macroeconomic theories about how in the short run – and especially during recessions – economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand (total demand in the economy). [1]

150 relations: A Treatise on Money, Abba P. Lerner, Accelerator effect, Aggregate demand, Aggregate supply, Alex Tabarrok, Alfred de Lissa, Alfred Marshall, Alvin Hansen, Arthur Cecil Pigou, Birmingham School (economics), Bretton Woods Conference, Bretton Woods system, Business cycle, Cambridge Circus (economics), Capital market, Central bank, Classical economics, Complementary good, Crowding out (economics), David Colander, David Ricardo, Deficit spending, Deflation, Dennis Robertson (economist), Depression (economics), Deus ex machina, Developed country, Discretionary policy, Donald Markwell, Early 1980s recession in the United States, Economic interventionism, Economy, Financial crisis of 2007–2008, Fiscal multiplier, Fiscal policy, Fixed investment, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Functional finance, G. L. S. Shackle, General glut, Geoffrey Crowther, Baron Crowther, Goods, Great Depression, Great Moderation, Henry Farrell (political scientist), Henry Hazlitt, Heterodox economics, Hubert Henderson, Inflation, ..., Interest rate, International Clearing Union, IS–LM model, J. Bradford DeLong, J. M. Robertson, James M. Buchanan, James Meade, James Tobin, Joan Robinson, Job guarantee, John Hicks, John Law (economist), John Maynard Keynes, John Quiggin, Keynesian cross, Keynesian Revolution, Liquidity preference, Liquidity trap, Long run and short run, Lucas critique, Lyndhurst Giblin, Macroeconomics, Mainstream economics, Marginal efficiency of capital, Marginal product of labor, Martin Feldstein, Mercantilism, Michał Kalecki, Microeconomics, Microfoundations, Milton Friedman, Modigliani–Miller theorem, Monetarism, Monetary policy, Monthly Review, Mr Keynes and the Classics, Mundell–Fleming model, NAIRU, Natural rate of unemployment, Neo-Keynesian economics, Neoclassical economics, Neoclassical synthesis, Neutrality of money, New classical macroeconomics, New Keynesian economics, Nicholas Johannsen, Nominal rigidity, Output (economics), Overproduction, Paradox of thrift, Paul Krugman, Paul Samuelson, Paul Sweezy, Permanent income hypothesis, Phillips curve, Post-Keynesian economics, Post–World War II economic expansion, Potential output, Public good, Quantity theory of money, Ralph George Hawtrey, Rate of profit, Rational expectations, Real business-cycle theory, Recession, Reserve Bank of Australia, Ricardian equivalence, Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn, Richard Nixon, Robert Skidelsky, Baron Skidelsky, Saving, Say's law, Schools of economic thought, Social democracy, Social liberalism, Stagflation, Stockholm school (economics), Substitute good, Supply creates its own demand, Supply-side economics, Tacit assumption, Taylor rule, The Economist, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, The New York Times, The Political Quarterly, Thomas Attwood (economist), Thomas Robert Malthus, Time (magazine), Treasury view, Underconsumption, Velocity of money, Waddill Catchings, Wage unit, We are all Keynesians now, William Trufant Foster, World War II, 1973 oil crisis, 1973–75 recession, 2008–09 Keynesian resurgence. Expand index (100 more) »

A Treatise on Money

A Treatise on Money is a work on economics by English economist John Maynard Keynes.

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Abba P. Lerner

Abraham (Abba) Ptachya Lerner (also Abba Psachia Lerner; 28 October 1903 – 27 October 1982) was a Russian-born British economist.

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Accelerator effect

The accelerator effect in economics refers to a positive effect on private fixed investment of the growth of the market economy (measured e.g. by a change in Gross Domestic Product).

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Aggregate demand

In macroeconomics, aggregate demand (AD) or domestic final demand (DFD) is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a given time.

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Aggregate supply

In economics, aggregate supply (AS) or domestic final supply (DFS) is the total supply of goods and services that firms in a national economy plan on selling during a specific time period.

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Alex Tabarrok

Alexander Taghi Tabarrok (born November 11, 1966) is a Canadian-American economist and co-author, with Tyler Cowen, of the economics blog Marginal Revolution.

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Alfred de Lissa

Alfred de Lissa (1838 – 25 February 1913) was an English-born Australian solicitor and legal scholar.

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Alfred Marshall

Alfred Marshall, FBA (26 July 1842 – 13 July 1924) was one of the most influential economists of his time.

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Alvin Hansen

Alvin Harvey Hansen (August 23, 1887 – June 6, 1975), often referred to as "the American Keynes," was a professor of economics at Harvard, a widely read author on current economic issues, and an influential advisor to the government who helped create the Council of Economic Advisors and the Social Security system.

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Arthur Cecil Pigou

Arthur Cecil Pigou (18 November 1877 – 7 March 1959) was an English economist.

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Birmingham School (economics)

The Birmingham School was a school of economic thought that emerged in Birmingham, England during the post-Napoleonic depression that affected England following the end of the Napoleonic wars in 1815.

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Bretton Woods Conference

The Bretton Woods Conference, formally known as the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, was the gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II.

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Bretton Woods system

The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and Japan after the 1944 Bretton-Woods Agreement.

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Business cycle

The business cycle, also known as the economic cycle or trade cycle, is the downward and upward movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend.

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Cambridge Circus (economics)

The Cambridge Circus or Keynes's Circus was a group of young Cambridge economists closely associated with John Maynard Keynes.

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Capital market

A capital market is a financial market in which long-term debt (over a year) or equity-backed securities are bought and sold.

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Central bank

A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates.

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Classical economics

Classical economics or classical political economy (also known as liberal economics) is a school of thought in economics that flourished, primarily in Britain, in the late 18th and early-to-mid 19th century.

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Complementary good

In economics, a complementary good or complement is a good with a negative cross elasticity of demand, in contrast to a substitute good.

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Crowding out (economics)

In economics, crowding out is argued by some economists to be a phenomenon that occurs when increased government involvement in a sector of the market economy substantially affects the remainder of the market, either on the supply or demand side of the market.

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David Colander

David Charles Colander (born November 16, 1947) is an American economist, and the Christian A. Johnson Distinguished Professor of Economics at Middlebury College.

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David Ricardo

David Ricardo (18 April 1772 – 11 September 1823) was a British political economist, one of the most influential of the classical economists along with Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith and James Mill.

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Deficit spending

Deficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit; the opposite of budget surplus.

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Deflation

In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services.

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Dennis Robertson (economist)

Sir Dennis Holme Robertson (23 May 1890 – 21 April 1963) was an English economist who taught at Cambridge and London Universities.

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Depression (economics)

In economics, a depression is a sustained, long-term downturn in economic activity in one or more economies.

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Deus ex machina

Deus ex machina (or; plural: dei ex machina) is a plot device whereby a seemingly unsolvable problem in a story is suddenly and abruptly resolved by an unexpected and seemingly unlikely occurrence, typically so much as to seem contrived.

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Developed country

A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or "more economically developed country" (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.

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Discretionary policy

In macroeconomics, discretionary policy is an economic policy based on the ad hoc judgment of policymakers as opposed to policy set by predetermined rules.

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Donald Markwell

For the Montgomery, Alabama, talk radio personality, see Don Markwell Donald John "Don" Markwell (born 19 April 1959) is an Australian social scientist, who has been described as a "renowned Australian educational reformer".

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Early 1980s recession in the United States

The United States entered recession in January 1980 and returned to growth six months later in July 1980.

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Economic interventionism

Economic interventionism (sometimes state interventionism) is an economic policy perspective favoring government intervention in the market process to correct the market failures and promote the general welfare of the people.

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Economy

An economy (from Greek οίκος – "household" and νέμoμαι – "manage") is an area of the production, distribution, or trade, and consumption of goods and services by different agents.

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Financial crisis of 2007–2008

The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the global financial crisis and the 2008 financial crisis, is considered by many economists to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s.

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Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it.

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Fiscal policy

In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (mainly taxes) and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy.

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Fixed investment

Fixed investment in economics refers to investment in fixed capital or to the replacement of depreciated fixed capital.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Sr. (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

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Functional finance

Functional finance is an economic theory proposed by Abba P. Lerner, based on effective demand principles and chartalism.

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G. L. S. Shackle

George Lennox Sharman Shackle (14 July 1903 – 3 March 1992) was an English economist.

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General glut

In macroeconomics, a general glut is an excess of supply in relation to demand, specifically, when there is more production in all fields of production in comparison with what resources are available to consume (purchase) said production.

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Geoffrey Crowther, Baron Crowther

Geoffrey Crowther, Baron Crowther (13 May 1907 – 5 February 1972) was a British economist, journalist, educationalist and businessman.

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Goods

In economics, goods are materials that satisfy human wants and provide utility, for example, to a consumer making a purchase of a satisfying product.

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Great Depression

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

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Great Moderation

In economics, the Great Moderation is a term coined in 2002 to describe a reduction in the volatility of business cycle fluctuations starting in the mid-1980s, believed at that time to be permanent, and to have been caused by institutional and structural changes in developed nations in the later part of the twentieth century.

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Henry Farrell (political scientist)

Henry Farrell is an Irish-born political scientist at George Washington University.

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Henry Hazlitt

Henry Stuart Hazlitt (November 28, 1894July 9, 1993) was an American journalist who wrote about business and economics for such publications as The Wall Street Journal, The Nation, The American Mercury, Newsweek, and The New York Times.

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Heterodox economics

Heterodoxy is a term that may be used in contrast with orthodoxy in schools of economic thought or methodologies, that may be beyond neoclassical economics.

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Hubert Henderson

Sir Hubert Douglas Henderson (20 October 1890 – 22 February 1952), was a British economist and Liberal Party politician.

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Inflation

In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.

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Interest rate

An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited or borrowed (called the principal sum).

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International Clearing Union

The International Clearing Union (ICU) was one of the institutions proposed to be set up at the 1944 United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in the United States, by British economist John Maynard Keynes.

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IS–LM model

The IS–LM model, or Hicks–Hansen model, is a macroeconomic tool that shows the relationship between interest rates (ordinate) and assets market (also known as real output in goods and services market plus money market, as abscissa).

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J. Bradford DeLong

James Bradford "Brad" DeLong (born June 24, 1960) is an economic historian who is professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley.

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J. M. Robertson

John Mackinnon Robertson PC (14 November 1856 – 5 January 1933) was a prolific journalist, advocate of rationalism and secularism, and Liberal Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom for Tyneside from 1906 to 1918.

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James M. Buchanan

James McGill Buchanan Jr. (October 3, 1919 – January 9, 2013) was an American economist known for his work on public choice theory (included in his most famous work, co-authored with Gordon Tullock, The Calculus of Consent, 1962), for which he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1986.

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James Meade

James Edward Meade CB, FBA (23 June 1907 – 22 December 1995) was a British economist and winner of the 1977 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences jointly with the Swedish economist Bertil Ohlin for their "pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements." Meade was born in Swanage, Dorset.

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James Tobin

James Tobin (March 5, 1918 – March 11, 2002) was an American economist who served on the Council of Economic Advisers and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and taught at Harvard and Yale Universities.

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Joan Robinson

Joan Violet Robinson FBA (31 October 1903 – 5 August 1983), previously Joan Violet Maurice, was a British economist well known for her wide-ranging contributions to economic theory.

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Job guarantee

A job guarantee (JG) is an economic policy proposal aimed at providing a sustainable solution to the dual problems of inflation and unemployment.

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John Hicks

Sir John Richard Hicks (8 April 1904 – 20 May 1989) was a British economist.

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John Law (economist)

John Law (baptised 21 April 1671 – 21 March 1729) was a Scottish economist who believed that money was only a means of exchange that did not constitute wealth in itself and that national wealth depended on trade.

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John Maynard Keynes

John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was a British economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments.

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John Quiggin

John Quiggin (born 29 March 1956) is an Australian economist, a Professor at the University of Queensland.

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Keynesian cross

The Keynesian cross diagram demonstrates the relationship between aggregate demand (shown on the vertical axis) and real GDP (shown on the horizontal axis, measured by output).

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Keynesian Revolution

The Keynesian Revolution was a fundamental reworking of economic theory concerning the factors determining employment levels in the overall economy.

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Liquidity preference

In macroeconomic theory, liquidity preference is the demand for money, considered as liquidity.

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Liquidity trap

A liquidity trap is a situation, described in Keynesian economics, in which, "after the rate of interest has fallen to a certain level, liquidity preference may become virtually absolute in the sense that almost everyone prefers cash holding a debt which yields so low a rate of interest."Keynes, John Maynard (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007 edition, A liquidity trap is caused when people hoard cash because they expect an adverse event such as deflation, insufficient aggregate demand, or war.

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Long run and short run

In microeconomics, the long run is the conceptual time period in which there are no fixed factors of production, so that there are no constraints preventing changing the output level by changing the capital stock or by entering or leaving an industry.

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Lucas critique

The Lucas critique, named for Robert Lucas's work on macroeconomic policymaking, argues that it is naive to try to predict the effects of a change in economic policy entirely on the basis of relationships observed in historical data, especially highly aggregated historical data.

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Lyndhurst Giblin

Lyndhurst Falkiner Giblin DSO MC (29 November 1872 – 1 March 1951) was an Australian statistician and economist.

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Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics (from the Greek prefix makro- meaning "large" and economics) is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole.

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Mainstream economics

Mainstream economics may be used to describe the body of knowledge, theories, and models of economics, as taught across universities, that are generally accepted by economists as a basis for discussion.

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Marginal efficiency of capital

The marginal efficiency of capital (MEC) is that rate of discount which would equate the price of a fixed capital asset with its present discounted value of expected income.

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Marginal product of labor

In economics, the marginal product of labor (MPL) is the change in output that results from employing an added unit of labor.

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Martin Feldstein

Martin Stuart "Marty" Feldstein (born November 25, 1939) is an American economist.

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Mercantilism

Mercantilism is a national economic policy designed to maximize the trade of a nation and, historically, to maximize the accumulation of gold and silver (as well as crops).

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Michał Kalecki

Michał Kalecki (22 June 1899 – 18 April 1970) was a Polish economist.

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Microeconomics

Microeconomics (from Greek prefix mikro- meaning "small") is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources and the interactions among these individuals and firms.

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Microfoundations

In economics, the term microfoundations refers to the microeconomic analysis of the behavior of individual agents such as households or firms that underpins a macroeconomic theory (Barro, 1993, Glossary, p. 594).

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Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and the complexity of stabilization policy.

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Modigliani–Miller theorem

The Modigliani–Miller theorem (of Franco Modigliani, Merton Miller) is an influential element of economic theory; it forms the basis for modern thinking on capital structure.

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Monetarism

Monetarism is a school of thought in monetary economics that emphasizes the role of governments in controlling the amount of money in circulation.

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Monetary policy

Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country, typically the central bank or currency board, controls either the cost of very short-term borrowing or the monetary base, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency.

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Monthly Review

The Monthly Review, established in 1949, is an independent socialist magazine published monthly in New York City.

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Mr Keynes and the Classics

John Hicks’s 1937 paper “Mr.

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Mundell–Fleming model

The Mundell–Fleming model, also known as the IS-LM-BoP model (or IS-LM-BP model), is an economic model first set forth (independently) by Robert Mundell and Marcus Fleming.

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NAIRU

NAIRU is an acronym for non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment, and refers to a level of unemployment below which inflation rises.

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Natural rate of unemployment

The natural rate of unemployment is the name that was given to a key concept in the study of economic activity.

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Neo-Keynesian economics

Neo-Keynesian economics is a school of macroeconomic thought that was developed in the post-war period from the writings of John Maynard Keynes.

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Neoclassical economics

Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics focusing on the determination of goods, outputs, and income distributions in markets through supply and demand.

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Neoclassical synthesis

The neoclassical synthesis was a post-World War II academic movement in economics that worked towards absorbing the macroeconomic thought of John Maynard Keynes into neoclassical economics.

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Neutrality of money

Neutrality of money is the idea that a change in the stock of money affects only nominal variables in the economy such as prices, wages, and exchange rates, with no effect on real variables, like employment, real GDP, and real consumption.

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New classical macroeconomics

New classical macroeconomics, sometimes simply called new classical economics, is a school of thought in macroeconomics that builds its analysis entirely on a neoclassical framework.

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New Keynesian economics

New Keynesian economics is a school of contemporary macroeconomics that strives to provide microeconomic foundations for Keynesian economics.

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Nicholas Johannsen

Nicholas August Ludwig Jacob Johansen (1844–1928) was a German-American amateur economist, today best known for his influence on and citation by John Maynard Keynes.

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Nominal rigidity

Nominal rigidity, also known as price-stickiness or wage-stickiness, describes a situation in which the nominal price is resistant to change.

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Output (economics)

Output in economics is the "quantity of goods or services produced in a given time period, by a firm, industry, or country", whether consumed or used for further production.

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Overproduction

In economics, overproduction, oversupply, excess of supply or glut refers to excess of supply over demand of products being offered to the market.

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Paradox of thrift

The paradox of thrift (or paradox of saving) is a paradox of economics.

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Paul Krugman

Paul Robin Krugman (born February 28, 1953) is an American economist who is currently Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and a columnist for The New York Times.

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Paul Samuelson

Paul Anthony Samuelson (15 May 1915 – 13 December 2009) was an American economist and the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

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Paul Sweezy

Paul Marlor Sweezy (April 10, 1910 – February 27, 2004) was a Marxian economist, political activist, publisher, and founding editor of the long-running magazine Monthly Review.

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Permanent income hypothesis

The permanent income hypothesis (PIH) is an economic theory attempting to describe how agents spread consumption over their lifetimes.

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Phillips curve

The Phillips curve is a single-equation empirical model, named after William Phillips, describing a historical inverse relationship between rates of unemployment and corresponding rates of rises in wages that result within an economy.

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Post-Keynesian economics

Post-Keynesian economics is a school of economic thought with its origins in The General Theory of John Maynard Keynes, with subsequent development influenced to a large degree by Michał Kalecki, Joan Robinson, Nicholas Kaldor, Sidney Weintraub, Paul Davidson, Piero Sraffa and Jan Kregel.

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Post–World War II economic expansion

The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of strong economic growth beginning after World War II and ending with the 1973–75 recession.

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Potential output

In economics, potential output (also referred to as "natural gross domestic product") refers to the highest level of real gross domestic product (potential output) that can be sustained over the long term.

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Public good

In economics, a public good is a good that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous in that individuals cannot be effectively excluded from use and where use by one individual does not reduce availability to others.

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Quantity theory of money

In monetary economics, the quantity theory of money (QTM) states that the general price level of goods and services is directly proportional to the amount of money in circulation, or money supply.

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Ralph George Hawtrey

Sir Ralph George Hawtrey (22 November 1879, Slough – 21 March 1975, London) was a British economist, and a close friend of John Maynard Keynes.

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Rate of profit

In economics and finance, the profit rate is the relative profitability of an investment project, of a capitalist enterprise, or of the capitalist economy as a whole.

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Rational expectations

In economics, "rational expectations" are model-consistent expectations, in that agents inside the model are assumed to "know the model" and on average take the model's predictions as valid.

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Real business-cycle theory

Real business-cycle theory (RBC theory) is a class of new classical macroeconomics models in which business-cycle fluctuations to a large extent can be accounted for by real (in contrast to nominal) shocks.

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Recession

In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction which results in a general slowdown in economic activity.

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Reserve Bank of Australia

The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), on 14 January 1960, became the Australian central bank and banknote issuing authority, when the Reserve Bank Act 1959 (23 April 1959) removed the central banking functions from the Commonwealth Bank.

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Ricardian equivalence

The Ricardian equivalence proposition (also known as the Ricardo–de Viti–Barro equivalence theorem) is an economic hypothesis holding that consumers are forward looking and so internalize the government's budget constraint when making their consumption decisions.

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Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn

Richard Ferdinand Kahn, Baron Kahn, CBE, FBA (10 August 1905 – 6 June 1989) was a British economist.

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Richard Nixon

Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974, when he resigned from office, the only U.S. president to do so.

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Robert Skidelsky, Baron Skidelsky

Robert Jacob Alexander, Baron Skidelsky, FBA (born 25 April 1939) is a British economic historian of Russian origin and the author of a major, award-winning, three-volume biography of British economist John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946).

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Saving

Saving is income not spent, or deferred consumption.

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Say's law

In classical economics, Say's law, or the law of markets, states that aggregate production necessarily creates an equal quantity of aggregate demand.

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Schools of economic thought

In the history of economic thought, a school of economic thought is a group of economic thinkers who share or shared a common perspective on the way economies work.

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Social democracy

Social democracy is a political, social and economic ideology that supports economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and capitalist economy.

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Social liberalism

Social liberalism (also known as modern liberalism or egalitarian liberalism) is a political ideology and a variety of liberalism that endorses a market economy and the expansion of civil and political rights while also believing that the legitimate role of the government includes addressing economic and social issues such as poverty, health care and education.

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Stagflation

In economics, stagflation, a portmanteau of stagnation and inflation, is a situation in which the inflation rate is high, the economic growth rate slows, and unemployment remains steadily high.

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Stockholm school (economics)

The Stockholm School (Stockholmsskolan), is a school of economic thought.

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Substitute good

A substitute good is one good that can be used instead of another.

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Supply creates its own demand

"Supply creates its own demand" is the formulation of Say's law.

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Supply-side economics

Supply-side economics is a macroeconomic theory arguing that economic growth can be most effectively created by lowering taxes and decreasing regulation.

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Tacit assumption

A tacit assumption or implicit assumption is an assumption that includes the underlying agreements or statements made in the development of a logical argument, course of action, decision, or judgment that are not explicitly voiced nor necessarily understood by the decision maker or judge.

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Taylor rule

In economics, a Taylor rule is a reduced form approximation of the responsiveness of the nominal interest rate, as set by the central bank, to changes in inflation, output, or other economic conditions.

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The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

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The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money of 1936 is the last and most important book by the English economist John Maynard Keynes.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Political Quarterly

The Political Quarterly is a British political journal co-founded in 1930 by Leonard Woolf, the husband of Virginia Woolf, and William A. Robson.

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Thomas Attwood (economist)

Thomas Attwood (6 October 1783 – 6 March 1856) was a British banker, economist, political campaigner and Member of Parliament.

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Thomas Robert Malthus

Thomas Robert Malthus (13 February 1766 – 23 December 1834) was an English cleric and scholar, influential in the fields of political economy and demography.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Treasury view

In macroeconomics, particularly in the history of economic thought, the Treasury view is the assertion that fiscal policy has no effect on the total amount of economic activity and unemployment, even during times of economic recession.

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Underconsumption

In underconsumption theory in economics, recessions and stagnation arise due to inadequate consumer demand relative to the amount produced.

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Velocity of money

Similar chart showing the velocity of a broader measure of money that covers M2 plus large institutional deposits, M3. The US no longer publishes official M3 measures, so the chart only runs through 2005. The term "velocity of money" (also "The velocity of circulation of money") refers to how fast money passes from one holder to the next.

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Waddill Catchings

Waddill Catchings (September 6, 1879 – December 31, 1967) was an American economist who collaborated with his Harvard classmate William Trufant Foster in a series of economics books that were highly influential in the United States in the 1920s.

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Wage unit

The wage unit is a unit of measurement for monetary quantities introduced by Keynes.

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We are all Keynesians now

"We are all Keynesians now" is a famous phrase coined by Milton Friedman and attributed to U.S. president Richard Nixon.

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William Trufant Foster

William Trufant Foster (January 18, 1879 – October 8, 1950), was an American educator and economist, whose theories were especially influential in the 1920s.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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1973 oil crisis

The 1973 oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries proclaimed an oil embargo.

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1973–75 recession

The 1973–75 recession or 1970s recession was a period of economic stagnation in much of the Western world during the 1970s, putting an end to the overall Post–World War II economic expansion.

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2008–09 Keynesian resurgence

Following the global financial crisis of 2007–08, there was a worldwide resurgence of interest in Keynesian economics among prominent economists and policy makers.

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Classical Keynesian, Keyensian, Keyensianism, Keynes Economics, Keynesean, Keynesian, Keynesian Economics, Keynesian Economists, Keynesian dogma, Keynesian economists, Keynesian economy, Keynesian macroeconomics, Keynesian policies, Keynesian policy, Keynesian theory, Keynesian thinking, Keynesianism, Keynesians, Keynsian, Keynsian economics, Keynsianism, Keysenianism.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keynesian_economics

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