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214 relations: Airbag, Aleksandar Kolarov, Alexei Kosygin, Aluminium, Amman, Amphibious automobile, Antarctica, Anti-lock braking system, Anti-roll bar, APAL Stalker, ARCAP, Artificial leather, Ashtray, Australia, Austria, Automeccanica, Automobile air conditioning, Automotive industry in Russia, AvtoVAZ, Axle, AZLK, Beam axle, Berth (sleeping), BM-30 Smerch, BMP-3, Bogdan group, Bognor (carmaker), Brake, Brazil, Bucharest, Bullbar, Bumper (car), Cairo, Carburetor, Channel Tunnel, Chassis, Cherkasy, Chevrolet Niva, Chrome plating, Clutch, Coachbuilder, Coil spring, Commonwealth of Independent States, Compact sport utility vehicle, Convertible, Costa Rica, Costa Rica national football team, Crank (mechanism), Croatian Army, Croatian War of Independence, ..., Crossover (automobile), Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, Dashboard, Diesel engine, Distributor, Dune buggy, Eastern Bloc, Ecuador, Egypt, Ellipsoid, Engine control unit, Engine displacement, Engineer, Euro, Euro sign, Farmer, Fender, Fender (vehicle), Fernando Collor de Mello, Fiat 124, Fiat 125, Fiat 127, Fiat Automobiles, Finland, Four-wheel drive, Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout, Fuel economy in automobiles, Fuel injection, GAZ-69, General Motors, Germany, Global financial crisis in 2009, Glossary of automotive design, Glove compartment, GM-AvtoVAZ, Government of the Soviet Union, Greece, Grille (car), Gurgel, Gurgel Carajás, Hardtop, Hatchback, Head restraint, Horsepower, Hydraulics, Iceland, Independent suspension, Inline-four engine, Japan, Joint venture, Jordan, Karakum Desert, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Kazakhstan, Lada, Lada Izhevsk, Lada Nadezhda, Lada Riva, Lada Samara, Land Rover, Land Rover Defender, Land Rover Series, Landaulet (car), Leather, Left- and right-hand traffic, Lifeguard, Liquefied petroleum gas, Locking differential, Manual transmission, Mercedes-Benz G-Class, MG Rover Group, Ministry of Defense (Soviet Union), Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia), Montevideo, Moskvitch, Mount Everest, Mudflap, North Pole, Off-road vehicle, Off-roading, Opel, Ornament (art), Oskemen, Overhead camshaft, Pamir Mountains, Paris Motor Show, Petrol engine, Peugeot, Pickup truck, Police of Russia, Polyester, Power window, Premier of the Soviet Union, Prime Minister of Russia, PSA Bronto, PSA XUD, Quito, Range Rover Classic, Recirculating ball, Renault 5, Retroreflector, Ride height, Rim (wheel), Robert Bosch GmbH, Romania, Rural area, Russia, Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid, Russian language, Russian ruble, Saint Petersburg, Serbia, Servomechanism, Servomotor, Siberia, Solex, Soviet Antarctic Expedition, Soviet Armed Forces, Soviet Union, Sport utility vehicle, Stainless steel, Station wagon, Steering column, Steering wheel, Sunroof, Suspension (vehicle), Suzuki Jimny, Suzuki Vitara, T-80 models, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, Thebes, Greece, Tibet, Tire, Tolyatti, Ton, Tor missile system, Transfer case, TransManche Link, Traumatic brain injury, Turkmenistan, UAZ-469, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Ural Mountains, Uruguay, Van, VAZ-2101, VAZ-2103, VAZ-2106, VAZInterService, Veřejná bezpečnost, Vehicle frame, Vehicle mat, Vehicle snorkel, Vladimir Putin, Weber carburetor, Wheel, Winch, Windscreen wiper, ZAZ Zaporozhets, Zhiguli (car brand), 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 2S19 Msta. Expand index (164 more) »
Airbag
An airbag is a type of vehicle safety device and is an occupant restraint system.
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Aleksandar Kolarov
Aleksandar Kolarov (Александар Коларов,; born 10 November 1985) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays for Italian club Roma and captains the Serbia national team.
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Alexei Kosygin
Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin (p; – 18 December 1980) was a Soviet-Russian statesman during the Cold War.
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Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13.
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Amman
Amman (عمّان) is the capital and most populous city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political and cultural centre.
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Amphibious automobile
An amphibious automobile is an automobile that is a means of transport, viable on land as well as on (or under) water.
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Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.
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Anti-lock braking system
An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety anti-skid braking system used on aircraft and on land vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks and buses.
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Anti-roll bar
An anti-roll bar (roll bar, anti-sway bar, sway bar, stabilizer bar) is a part of many automobile suspensions that helps reduce the body roll of a vehicle during fast cornering or over road irregularities.
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APAL Stalker
For the small German auto builder see: Apal The APAL-2154 Сталкер (Stalker) is a Russian light rear-wheel drive SUV, originally assembled using the parts and mechanicals of Zhiguli cars.
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ARCAP
ARCAP (Autoreview Car Assessment Program) is an automobile safety assessment program founded by the Russian car magazine Autoreview.
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Artificial leather
Artificial leather is a material intended to substitute for leather in fields such as upholstery, clothing, footwear and fabrics and other uses where a leather-like finish is desired but the actual material is cost-prohibitive or unsuitable.
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Ashtray
An ashtray is a receptacle for ash from cigarettes and cigars.
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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Austria
Austria (Österreich), officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.8 million people in Central Europe.
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Automeccanica
Automeccanica was a Greek automobile producing company.
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Automobile air conditioning
Automobile air conditioning (also called A/C) systems use air conditioning to cool the air in a vehicle.
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Automotive industry in Russia
Automotive production is a significant industry in Russia, directly employing around 600,000 people or 1% of the country's total workforce.
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AvtoVAZ
AvtoVAZ (АвтоВАЗ), formerly known as VAZ (Volzhsky Avtomobilny Zavod) (ВАЗ, Во́лжский автомоби́льный заво́д, or Volga Automobile Plant), is a Russian automobile manufacturer.
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Axle
An axle is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear.
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AZLK
AZLK (АЗЛК - Автомобильный завод имени Ленинского Комсомола in Russian, Avtomobilny Zavod imeni Leninskogo Komsomola) was a Soviet and Russian automobile manufacturer (Moscow), the maker of the Moskvitch brand.
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Beam axle
A beam axle, rigid axle or solid axle is a dependent suspension design, in which a set of wheels is connected laterally by a single beam or shaft.
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Berth (sleeping)
A berth is a bed or sleeping accommodation on vehicles.
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BM-30 Smerch
The BM-30 Smerch (Смерч, "whirlwind"), 9K58 Smerch or 9A52-2 Smerch-M is a Soviet heavy multiple rocket launcher.
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BMP-3
The BMP-3 is a Soviet infantry fighting vehicle, successor to the BMP-1 and BMP-2.
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Bogdan group
Bogdan Corporation (Корпорація «Богдан» Korporatsiya Bohdan) — is a leading Ukrainian automobile-manufacturing group, including several car- and bus-makers of the country.
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Bognor (carmaker)
Bognor SA, based in Montevideo, Uruguay is an automotive parts supplier.
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Brake
A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving system.
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Brazil
Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.
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Bucharest
Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre.
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Bullbar
A bullbar or push bumper (also roo bar or nudge bar in Australia, moose bumper in Canada, and push bar, bull bar, brush guard, grille guard or cattle pusher in the United States) is a device installed on the front of a vehicle to protect its front from collisions, whether an accidental collision with a large animal in rural roads, or an intentional collision with another vehicle in police usage.
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Bumper (car)
A bumper is a structure attached to or integrated with the front and rear ends of a motor vehicle, to absorb impact in a minor collision, ideally minimizing repair costs.
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Cairo
Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.
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Carburetor
A carburetor (American English) or carburettor (British English; see spelling differences) is a device that mixes air and fuel for internal combustion engines in the proper ratio for combustion.
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Channel Tunnel
The Channel Tunnel (Le tunnel sous la Manche; also nicknamed the Chunnel) is a rail tunnel linking Folkestone, Kent, in the United Kingdom, with Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais, near Calais in northern France, beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover.
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Chassis
A chassis (plural chassis) is the internal framework of an artificial object, which supports the object in its construction and use.
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Cherkasy
Cherkasy (Черка́си, pronounced; Czerkasy), or Cherkassy (Черка́ссы), is a city in central Ukraine.
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Chevrolet Niva
The Chevrolet Niva is a mini sport utility vehicle (SUV) produced by GM-AvtoVAZ, a joint venture between AvtoVAZ (the parent company of the Lada brand) and General Motors, since 1998.
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Chrome plating
Chrome plating (less commonly chromium plating), often referred to simply as chrome, is a technique of electroplating a thin layer of chromium onto a metal object.
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Clutch
A clutch is a mechanical device which engages and disengages power transmission especially from driving shaft to driven shaft.
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Coachbuilder
A coachbuilder is a manufacturer of bodies for passenger-carrying vehicles.
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Coil spring
A coil spring, also known as a helical spring, is a mechanical device which is typically used to store energy and subsequently release it, to absorb shock, or to maintain a force between contacting surfaces.
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Commonwealth of Independent States
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS; r), also nicknamed the Russian Commonwealth (in order to distinguish it from the Commonwealth of Nations), is a political and economic intergovernmental organization of nine member states and one associate member, all of which are former Soviet Republics located in Eurasia (primarily in Central to North Asia), formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
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Compact sport utility vehicle
Compact sport utility vehicle, also known as compact SUV, is a class of small sport utility vehicles that is larger than mini SUVs, but smaller than mid-size SUVs with a length roughly between.
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Convertible
A convertible or cabriolet is a passenger car that can be driven with or without a roof in place.
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Costa Rica
Costa Rica ("Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica (República de Costa Rica), is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island.
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Costa Rica national football team
The Costa Rica national football team (Selección de fútbol de Costa Rica) is administered by the Costa Rican Football Federation (FEDEFUTBOL), the governing body for football in Costa Rica.
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Crank (mechanism)
A crank is an arm attached at a right angle to a rotating shaft by which reciprocating motion is imparted to or received from the shaft.
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Croatian Army
The Croatian Army (also Croatian Ground Army, Hrvatska kopnena vojska, Hrvatska vojska) is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia.
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Croatian War of Independence
The Croatian War of Independence was fought from 1991 to 1995 between Croat forces loyal to the government of Croatia—which had declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)—and the Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and local Serb forces, with the JNA ending its combat operations in Croatia by 1992.
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Crossover (automobile)
A crossover or crossover utility vehicle (CUV) is a vehicle built on a unibody car platform combining in highly variable degrees features of a sport utility vehicle (SUV) with those of a passenger vehicle, especially a station wagon or hatchback.
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Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Czech/Slovak: Československá socialistická republika, ČSSR) ruled Czechoslovakia from 1948 until 23 April 1990, when the country was under Communist rule.
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Dashboard
A dashboard (also called dash, instrument panel (IP), or fascia) is a control panel located directly ahead of a vehicle's driver, displaying instrumentation and controls for the vehicle's operation.
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Diesel engine
The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine), named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel which is injected into the combustion chamber is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression (adiabatic compression).
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Distributor
A distributor is an enclosed rotating shaft used in spark-ignition internal combustion engines that have mechanically-timed ignition.
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Dune buggy
A dune buggy — also known as a beach buggy — is a recreational motor vehicle with large wheels, and wide tires, designed for use on sand dunes, beaches, or desert recreation.
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Eastern Bloc
The Eastern Bloc was the group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact.
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Ecuador
Ecuador (Ikwadur), officially the Republic of Ecuador (República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Ikwadur Ripuwlika), is a representative democratic republic in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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Ellipsoid
An ellipsoid is a surface that may be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation.
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Engine control unit
An engine control unit (ECU), also commonly called an engine control module (ECM), is a type of electronic control unit that controls a series of actuators on an internal combustion engine to ensure optimal engine performance.
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Engine displacement
Engine displacement is the swept volume of all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead centre (TDC) to bottom dead centre (BDC).
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Engineer
Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are people who invent, design, analyze, build, and test machines, systems, structures and materials to fulfill objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety, and cost.
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Euro
The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union.
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Euro sign
The euro sign (€) is the currency sign used for the euro, the official currency of the Eurozone in the European Union (EU).
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Farmer
A farmer (also called an agriculturer) is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials.
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Fender
Fender may refer to.
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Fender (vehicle)
Fender is the American English term for the part of an automobile, motorcycle or other vehicle body that frames a wheel well (the fender underside).
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Fernando Collor de Mello
Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello (born August 12, 1949) is a Brazilian politician who served as the 32nd President of Brazil from 1990 to 1992, when he resigned in a failed attempt to stop his impeachment trial by the Brazilian Senate.
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Fiat 124
The Fiat 124 is a small family car manufactured and marketed by Fiat between 1966 and 1974.
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Fiat 125
The Fiat 125 is a large family car introduced by Fiat in 1967 and produced by them until 1972.
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Fiat 127
The Fiat 127 is a supermini car produced by Italian car manufacturer FIAT from 1971 to 1983.
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Fiat Automobiles
Fiat Automobiles S.p.A. (originally FIAT, lit) is the largest automobile manufacturer in Italy, a subsidiary of FCA Italy S.p.A., which is part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (previously Fiat S.p.A.). Fiat Automobiles was formed in January 2007 when Fiat reorganized its automobile business, and traces its history back to 1899 when the first Fiat automobile, the Fiat 4 HP, was produced.
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Finland
Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.
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Four-wheel drive
Four-wheel drive, also called 4×4 ("four by four") or 4WD, refers to a two-axled vehicle drivetrain capable of providing torque to all of its wheels simultaneously.
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Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout
In automotive design, an F4, or Front-engine, Four-wheel drive layout places the internal combustion engine at the front of the vehicle and drives all four roadwheels.
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Fuel economy in automobiles
The fuel economy of an automobile is the relationship between the distance traveled and the amount of fuel consumed by the vehicle.
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Fuel injection
Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector.
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GAZ-69
The GAZ-69 is a four-wheel drive light truck, produced by GAZ (ГАЗ, or Gorkovsky Avtomobilnyi Zavod, Gorky Automobile Factory) between 1953 and 1956 and then by UAZ, in 1956–1972, though all of these vehicles were known as GAZ-69s.
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General Motors
General Motors Company, commonly referred to as General Motors (GM), is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Global financial crisis in 2009
On the evening of January 18, the Danish Parliament agreed to a financial package worth 100 billion Danish kroner (17.6 billion USD).
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Glossary of automotive design
A glossary of terms relating to automotive design.
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Glove compartment
A glove compartment or glovebox or glovie is a compartment built into the dashboard, located over the front-seat passenger's footwell in an automobile, often used for miscellaneous storage.
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GM-AvtoVAZ
GM-AvtoVAZ is a joint venture in Russia between General Motors and AvtoVAZ set up in 2001 and began producing the Chevrolet Niva, based on the Lada Niva, at its factory in Tolyatti from 2002.
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Government of the Soviet Union
The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian: Правительство СССР, Pravitel'stvo SSSR) was the main body of the executive branch of government in the Soviet Union.
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Greece
No description.
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Grille (car)
In automotive engineering, a grille covers an opening in the body of a vehicle to allow air to enter.
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Gurgel
Gurgel Motores was a Brazilian automobile manufacturer, named after its founder João do Amaral Gurgel.
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Gurgel Carajás
Gurgel Carajás was a Brazilian car, a SUV, produced by Gurgel between late 1984 and January, 1991.
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Hardtop
A hardtop is a rigid form of automobile roof, which for modern cars is typically constructed from metal.
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Hatchback
A hatchback is a car with a hatch-type rear door that opens upwards and often a shared volume for the passenger and cargo areas.
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Head restraint
Head restraints (also called headrests) are an automotive safety feature, attached or integrated into the top of each seat to limit the rearward movement of the adult occupant's head, relative to the torso, in a collision — to prevent or mitigate whiplash or injury to the cervical vertebrae.
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Horsepower
Horsepower (hp) is a unit of measurement of power (the rate at which work is done).
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Hydraulics
Hydraulics (from Greek: Υδραυλική) is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids.
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Iceland
Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic, with a population of and an area of, making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.
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Independent suspension
Independent suspension is a broad term for any automobile suspension system that allows each wheel on the same axle to move vertically (i.e. reacting to a bump in the road) independently of the others.
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Inline-four engine
The inline-four engine or straight-four engine is a type of inline internal combustion four-cylinder engine with all four cylinders mounted in a straight line, or plane along the crankcase.
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Japan
Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.
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Joint venture
A joint venture (JV) is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance.
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Jordan
Jordan (الْأُرْدُنّ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River.
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Karakum Desert
The Karakum Desert, also spelled Kara-Kum and Gara-Gum (Garagum,; kərɐˈkumɨ), is a desert in Central Asia.
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Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic was one of the transcontinental constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1936-1991 in northern Central Asia.
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Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan,; kəzɐxˈstan), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of.
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Lada
LADA is a brand of cars manufactured by AvtoVAZ in Russia, which is today majority owned by Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance.
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Lada Izhevsk
Lada Izhevsk is a subsidiary of the carmaking company AvtoVAZ based in Izhevsk, Russia.
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Lada Nadezhda
The Lada Nadezhda or VAZ-2120 "Nadezhda" ("Hope", also a Slavic female name) is a seven-person four-wheel-drive minivan, produced by the Russian automaker AvtoVAZ in 1998-2006.
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Lada Riva
The VAZ-2105, VAZ-2104 and VAZ-2107 (collectively known as the Lada Riva in the United Kingdom and the Lada Nova in much of continental Europe) are a series of compact cars of Zhiguli brand built by Russian car manufacturer AvtoVAZ, introduced in 1980 in the Soviet Union, and progressively in other European markets through the early 1980s and sold in sedan and station wagon versions.
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Lada Samara
The VAZ-2108, known as the Lada Samara in much of Western Europe (codenamed and later officially badged as the Lada Sputnik in its native Russia), was a series of small family cars produced by Soviet/Russian vehicle manufacturer AvtoVAZ under the Lada brand between 1984 and 2013.
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Land Rover
Land Rover is a car brand that specialises in four-wheel-drive vehicles, owned by British multinational car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover, which has been owned by India's Tata Motors since 2008.
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Land Rover Defender
The Land Rover Defender (initially called the Land Rover Ninety and Land Rover One Ten) is a British four-wheel drive off-road vehicle developed in the 1980s from the original Land Rover Series which was launched at the Amsterdam Motor Show in April 1948.
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Land Rover Series
The Land Rover Series I, II, and III (commonly referred to as series Land Rovers, to distinguish them from later models) are off-road vehicles produced by the British manufacturer Rover Company that were inspired by the US-built Willys Jeep.
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Landaulet (car)
A landaulet — also known as landaulette — is a car body style where the rear passengers are covered by a convertible top.
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Leather
Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhides, mostly cattle hide.
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Left- and right-hand traffic
The terms right-hand traffic (RHT) and left-hand traffic (LHT) refer to the practice, in bidirectional traffic situations, to keep to the right side or to the left side of the road, respectively.
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Lifeguard
A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, beach or river.
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Liquefied petroleum gas
Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.
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Locking differential
A locking differential is designed to overcome the chief limitation of a standard open differential by essentially "locking" both wheels on an axle together as if on a common shaft.
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Manual transmission
A manual transmission, also known as a manual gearbox, a standard transmission or colloquially in some countries (e.g. the United States) as a stick shift is a type of transmission used in motor vehicle applications.
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Mercedes-Benz G-Class
The Mercedes-Benz G-Class, sometimes called G-Wagen (short for Geländewagen, "cross country vehicle"), is a mid-size four-wheel drive luxury SUV manufactured by Magna Steyr (formerly Steyr-Daimler-Puch) in Austria and sold by Mercedes-Benz.
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MG Rover Group
The MG Rover Group was the last domestically owned mass-production car manufacturer in the British motor industry.
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Ministry of Defense (Soviet Union)
The Ministry of Defense (Minoboron; Министерство обороны СССР) was a government ministry in the Soviet Union.
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Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MOI, Министерство внутренних дел, МВД, Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del, MVD) is the interior ministry of Russia.
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Montevideo
Montevideo is the capital and largest city of Uruguay.
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Moskvitch
Moskvitch (Москвич) (also written as Moskvich, Moskvič or Moskwitsch) was a Soviet/Russian automobile brand produced by AZLK from 1946 to 1991 and by OAO Moskvitch from 1991 to 2001.
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Mount Everest
Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.
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Mudflap
A mudflap or mud guard is used in combination with the vehicle fender to protect the vehicle, passengers, other vehicles, and pedestrians from mud and other flying debris thrown into the air by the rotating tire.
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North Pole
The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.
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Off-road vehicle
An off-road vehicle is considered to be any type of vehicle which is capable of driving on and off paved or gravel surface.
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Off-roading
Off-roading is the activity of driving or riding a vehicle on unsurfaced roads or tracks, made of materials such as sand, gravel, riverbeds, mud, snow, rocks, and other natural terrain.
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Opel
Opel (Opel) is a German automobile manufacturer, subsidiary of French automaker Groupe PSA since August 2017.
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Ornament (art)
In architecture and decorative art, ornament is a decoration used to embellish parts of a building or object.
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Oskemen
Ust-Kamenogorsk (Усть-Каменого́рск) or Oskemen (Өскемен/Öskemen) is the administrative center of East Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan.
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Overhead camshaft
Overhead camshaft, commonly abbreviated to OHC, is a valvetrain configuration which places the camshaft of an internal combustion engine of the reciprocating type within the cylinder heads ("above" the pistons and combustion chambers) and drives the valves or lifters in a more direct manner compared with overhead valves (OHV) and pushrods.
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Pamir Mountains
The Pamir Mountains, or the Pamirs, are a mountain range in Central Asia at the junction of the Himalayas with the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, Hindu Kush, Suleman and Hindu Raj ranges.
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Paris Motor Show
The Paris Motor Show (Mondial de l'Automobile) is a biennial auto show in Paris.
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Petrol engine
A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in American English) is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels.
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Peugeot
Peugeot is a French automotive manufacturer, part of Groupe PSA.
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Pickup truck
A pickup truck is a light-duty truck having an enclosed cab and an open cargo area with low sides and tailgate.
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Police of Russia
Police (r) is the federal law-enforcement agency in Russia, operating under the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
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Polyester
Polyester is a category of polymers that contain the ester functional group in their main chain.
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Power window
Power windows or electric windows are automobile windows which can be raised and lowered by pressing a button or switch, as opposed to using a crank handle.
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Premier of the Soviet Union
The Premier of the Soviet Union (Глава Правительства СССР) was the head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
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Prime Minister of Russia
The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation (translit), colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister (translit) is the head of the Russian government and the second most powerful figure of the Russian Federation.
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PSA Bronto
PSA Bronto (OAO Бронто) is a Russian company (joint stock company) and is a 100% subsidiary of OJSC AvtoVAZ.
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PSA XUD
The PSA XUD is a Diesel engine designed and built by PSA - Peugeot and Citroën.
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Quito
Quito (Kitu; Kitu), formally San Francisco de Quito, is the capital city of Ecuador, and at an elevation of above sea level, it is the second-highest official capital city in the world, after La Paz, and the one which is closest to the equator.
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Range Rover Classic
The Range Rover Classic is a 4x4, mid-size Sport utility vehicle series produced initially by the Rover (later Land Rover) division of British Leyland, and latterly the Rover Group from 1970 to 1996.
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Recirculating ball
Recirculating ball, also known as recirculating ball and nut or worm and sector, is a steering mechanism commonly found in older automobiles, off-road vehicles, and some trucks.
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Renault 5
The Renault 5 is a supermini produced by French automaker Renault.
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Retroreflector
A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects light back to its source with a minimum of scattering.
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Ride height
Ride height (also called ground clearance or simply clearance) is the amount of space between the base of an automobile tire and the lowest point (typically the axle); or, more properly, to the shortest distance between a flat, level surface, and the lowest part of a vehicle other than those parts designed to contact the ground (such as tires, tracks, skis, etc.). Ground clearance is measured with standard vehicle equipment, and for cars, is usually given with no cargo or passengers.
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Rim (wheel)
The rim is the "outer edge of a wheel, holding the tire".
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Robert Bosch GmbH
Robert Bosch GmbH, or Bosch, is a German multinational engineering and electronics company headquartered in Gerlingen, near Stuttgart, Germany.
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Romania
Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.
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Rural area
In general, a rural area or countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid
Russia announced its intent to bid for the FIFA World Cup in early 2009, and submitted its request to FIFA in time.
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Russian language
Russian (rússkiy yazýk) is an East Slavic language, which is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely spoken throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
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Russian ruble
The Russian ruble or rouble (рубль rublʹ, plural: рубли́ rubli; sign: ₽, руб; code: RUB) is the currency of the Russian Federation, the two partially recognized republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and the two unrecognized republics of Donetsk and Luhansk.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).
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Serbia
Serbia (Србија / Srbija),Pannonian Rusyn: Сербия; Szerbia; Albanian and Romanian: Serbia; Slovak and Czech: Srbsko,; Сърбия.
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Servomechanism
In control engineering a servomechanism, sometimes shortened to servo, is an automatic device that uses error-sensing negative feedback to correct the action of a mechanism.
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Servomotor
A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration.
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Siberia
Siberia (a) is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia.
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Solex
Solex is a French manufacturer of carburetors and the powered bicycle VéloSoleX.
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Soviet Antarctic Expedition
The Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SAE or SovAE) (Советская антарктическая экспедиция, САЭ, Sovyetskaya antarkticheskaya ekspeditziya) was part of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute of the Soviet Committee on Antarctic Research of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
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Soviet Armed Forces
The Soviet Armed Forces, also called the Armed Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Armed Forces of the Soviet Union (Russian: Вооружённые Силы Союза Советских Социалистических Республик Vooruzhonnyye Sily Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, Вооружённые Силы Советского Союза) refers to the armed forces of the Russian SFSR (1917–1922), the Soviet Union (1922–1991) and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1912–1991) from their beginnings in the aftermath of the Russian Civil War to its dissolution on 26 December 1991.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Sport utility vehicle
Sport-utility (vehicle), SUV or sport-ute is an automotive classification, typically a kind of station wagon / estate car with off-road vehicle features like raised ground clearance and ruggedness, and available four-wheel drive.
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Stainless steel
In metallurgy, stainless steel, also known as inox steel or inox from French inoxydable (inoxidizable), is a steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5% chromium content by mass.
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Station wagon
A station wagon, also called an estate car, estate wagon, or simply wagon or estate, is an automotive body-style variant of a sedan/saloon with its roof extended rearward over a shared passenger/cargo volume with access at the back via a third or fifth door (the liftgate or tailgate), instead of a trunk/boot lid.
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Steering column
The automotive steering column is a device intended primarily for connecting the steering wheel to the steering mechanism.
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Steering wheel
A steering wheel (also called a driving wheel or a hand wheel) is a type of steering control in vehicles and vessels (ships and boats).
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Sunroof
An automotive sunroof is a movable (typically glass) panel that is operable to uncover an opening in an automobile roof, which allows light and/or fresh air to enter the passenger compartment.
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Suspension (vehicle)
Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two.
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Suzuki Jimny
The Suzuki Jimny is a line of small four-wheel drive off-road cars and mini SUVs made by the Japanese automaker Suzuki produced since April 1970.
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Suzuki Vitara
The Suzuki Vitara is a compact SUV produced by Suzuki in four generations since 1988.
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T-80 models
List of models and variants of the T-80 main battle tank.
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Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, also commonly known as Soviet Tajikistan and Tajik SSR, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1929 to 1991 located in Central Asia.
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Thebes, Greece
Thebes (Θῆβαι, Thēbai,;. Θήβα, Thíva) is a city in Boeotia, central Greece.
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Tibet
Tibet is a historical region covering much of the Tibetan Plateau in Central Asia.
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Tire
A tire (American English) or tyre (British English; see spelling differences) is a ring-shaped component that surrounds a wheel's rim to transfer a vehicle's load from the axle through the wheel to the ground and to provide traction on the surface traveled over.
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Tolyatti
Tolyatti (p), also known in English as Togliatti, is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia.
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Ton
The ton is a unit of measure.
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Tor missile system
The Tor missile system ("Тор"; torus) is an all-weather low to medium altitude, short-range surface-to-air missile system designed for engaging airplanes, helicopters, cruise missiles, precision guided munitions, unmanned aerial vehicles and short-range ballistic threats (Anti-Munitions).
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Transfer case
A transfer case is a part of the drivetrain of four-wheel-drive, all-wheel-drive, and other multiple powered axle vehicles.
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TransManche Link
TransManche Link (Cross Channel Link) or TML was a British-French construction consortium responsible for building the Channel Tunnel under the English Channel between Cheriton in Kent, United Kingdom, and Coquelles in France.
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Traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as intracranial injury, occurs when an external force injures the brain.
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Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan (or; Türkmenistan), (formerly known as Turkmenia) is a sovereign state in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west.
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UAZ-469
The UAZ-469 is an off-road military light utility vehicle manufactured by UAZ.
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Ukraine
Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains (p), or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan.
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Uruguay
Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay), is a sovereign state in the southeastern region of South America.
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Van
A van is a type of road vehicle used for transporting goods or people.
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VAZ-2101
The VAZ-2101 "Zhiguli", commonly nicknamed "Kopeyka" (for the smallest coin, 1/100 of the ''Ruble''), is a compact sedan car (small class, passenger car, model 1 in Soviet classification) produced by the Soviet manufacturer AvtoVAZ and introduced in 1970, the company's first product.
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VAZ-2103
The VAZ-2103 Zhiguli is a deluxe compact sedan car (small class, passenger car, model 3 in Soviet classification), produced by VAZ, introduced in 1972 and produced until 1984.
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VAZ-2106
The VAZ-2106 Zhiguli (alternatively Zhiguli 2106) was a sedan produced by the Soviet (later Russian) automaker VAZ, and later, after the breakup of the Soviet Union, also by Russian Izhevsk Avto and Ukrainian Anto-Rus.
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VAZInterService
VAZInterService (VIS) (VAZINTERSERVIS) is a Russian manufacturer of pick-up trucks and auto components, located in Tolyatti, Samara Oblast.
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Veřejná bezpečnost
Public Security (Czech: Veřejná bezpečnost (VB), Slovak: Verejná bezpečnosť (VB)) was the regular police force of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (ČSSR), created in 1945 as a department of the National Security Corps (Sbor národní bezpečnosti), which also included State Security (Státní bezpečnost), Armed Airport Security (Czech: Sbor ozbrojenné ochrany letišť (SOOL)) and Armed Railway Security, (Czech: (Sbor ozbrojené ochrany železnic (SOOŽ)). The VB was divided into the Public Order and Traffic VB (Highway Patrol), Criminal Investigations VB (major crimes, forensics), and an Infrastructure Security section (security of important buildings, installations, etc.). There were regional, district, city and local detachments of the force. On the 15th of June 1991, it ceased to exist and its functions transferred to the new police forces of the Czech and Slovak republics. The VB were permitted to demand from any citizen an občanský průkaz (identification booklet). This booklet contained a photograph and information such as name, current address and place of employment (being unemployed in the ČSSR was practically illegal, as one could be charged with "living on avails of the society"). As carrying an občanský průkaz was mandatory; a person could be detained for simply not having one in their possession. The auxiliary wing was the 'Public Security Auxiliary Guard' (Pomocná stráž VB), recruited from "politically reliable" citizens over the age of 21, who wore a red arm-band with "PS VB". They were generally used for traffic control and public order duties. VB vehicles were originally blue with a white line along the side. Later vehicles had panels painted orange and white in a similar pattern to American 'black and whites', which the pattern's designer admitted after the fall of the regime was his inspiration. The full name 'Veřejná bezpečnost' was used with the blue design while later vehicles had only the letters 'VB' written the white doors. VB uniforms were also originally dark blue until the 1960s, when they changed to a khaki colour described officially as 'nettle green', with rank insignia on red epaulettes, which did not follow Soviet patterns, except for junior officers.
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Vehicle frame
A vehicle frame, also known as its chassis, is the main supporting structure of a motor vehicle, to which all other components are attached, comparable to the skeleton of an organism.
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Vehicle mat
Vehicle mats, also known as "automobile floor mats", are designed to protect a vehicle's floor from dirt, wear, and salt corrosion.
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Vehicle snorkel
A vehicle snorkel is the land-based equivalent of the submarine snorkel which allows submarines to use diesel engines while submerged.
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Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (a; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian statesman and former intelligence officer serving as President of Russia since 2012, previously holding the position from 2000 until 2008.
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Weber carburetor
Weber is an Italian company which produced carburetors; it is owned by Magneti Marelli Powertrain S.p.A., which is in turn part of the Fiat Group.
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Wheel
A wheel is a circular component that is intended to rotate on an axle bearing.
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Winch
A winch is a mechanical device that is used to pull in (wind up) or let out (wind out) or otherwise adjust the "tension" of a rope or wire rope (also called "cable" or "wire cable").
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Windscreen wiper
A windscreen wiper or windshield wiper (American English) is a device used to remove rain, snow, ice and debris from a windscreen or windshield.
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ZAZ Zaporozhets
ZAZ Zaporozhets (Запоро́жець; p) was a series of rear-wheel-drive superminis (city cars in their first generation) designed and built from 1958 at the ZAZ factory in Soviet Ukraine.
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Zhiguli (car brand)
Zhiguli was a brand of cars manufactured in Russia and the Soviet Union by AvtoVAZ during 1970-2012 and somewhat longer in some places abroad.
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24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was convened in Moscow from 30 March to 9 April 1971.
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25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The 25th congress of the Communist party of the USSR met in Moscow from February 24 to March 5, 1976.
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2S19 Msta
The 2S19 "Msta-S" (Мста, after the Msta River) is a 152.4 mm self-propelled howitzer designed by Russia/Soviet Union, which entered service in 1989 as the successor to the 2S3 Akatsiya.
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Redirects here:
Bognor Diva, GM-AvtoVAZ Chevrolet Niva, LADA 4x4, Lada 4x4, Lada 4x4 Niva, Lada Bushman, Lada Cossack, Lada Taiga, VAZ-2121.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lada_Niva
