Faster access than browser!
98 relations: Alcohol dehydrogenase, Alternative splicing, Bacteria, Base pair, BRAF (gene), Carcinogenesis, Caspase 12, Cell (biology), Charles Darwin, Chromosome, Common descent, Competing endogenous RNA (CeRNA), Complementary DNA, Convergent evolution, Copy-number variation, CpG site, DNA, DNA sequencing, Drosophila, Drosophila sechellia, Eukaryote, Eukaryotic translation, Evolution, Evolutionary pressure, Exon, Fitness (biology), Frameshift mutation, Gene, Gene conversion, Gene duplication, Gene expression, Gene prediction, Gene redundancy, Genetic code, Genetic drift, Genome, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Homologous recombination, Homology (biology), Human genome, In silico, Indel, Intracellular parasite, Intron, Ionotropic glutamate receptor, L-gulonolactone oxidase, Leprosy, Mammal, Mass spectrometry, Messenger RNA, ..., MicroRNA, Molecular evolution, Molecular paleontology, Mutation, Mycobacterium leprae, Natural selection, Neuron, Non-coding DNA, Nonsense mutation, Olfactory receptor, Oncogene, Personal genomics, Piwi-interacting RNA, Polyadenylation, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymorphism (biology), Population bottleneck, Post-transcriptional modification, Precursor mRNA, Promoter (genetics), Protein, Protein folding, Proteome, PTEN (gene), Regulation of gene expression, Retroposon, Retrotransposon, Reverse transcriptase, Ribosomal RNA, RNA, RNA splicing, Sequence alignment, Small interfering RNA, Speciation, Species, Stop codon, Symbiosis, TalkOrigins Archive, Transcription (biology), Transcriptome, Translation (biology), Translational frameshift, Transposable element, Tree model, Tumor suppressor, Untranslated region, Vitamin C, Zygosity. Expand index (48 more) »
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ to NADH).
New!!: Pseudogene and Alcohol dehydrogenase · See more »
Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing, or differential splicing, is a regulated process during gene expression that results in a single gene coding for multiple proteins.
New!!: Pseudogene and Alternative splicing · See more »
Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
New!!: Pseudogene and Bacteria · See more »
Base pair
A base pair (bp) is a unit consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.
New!!: Pseudogene and Base pair · See more »
BRAF (gene)
BRAF is a human gene that encodes a protein called B-Raf.
New!!: Pseudogene and BRAF (gene) · See more »
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.
New!!: Pseudogene and Carcinogenesis · See more »
Caspase 12
Caspase 12 is a protein that belongs to a family of enzymes called caspases which cleave their substrates at C-terminal aspartic acid residues.
New!!: Pseudogene and Caspase 12 · See more »
Cell (biology)
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
New!!: Pseudogene and Cell (biology) · See more »
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.
New!!: Pseudogene and Charles Darwin · See more »
Chromosome
A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.
New!!: Pseudogene and Chromosome · See more »
Common descent
Common descent describes how, in evolutionary biology, a group of organisms share a most recent common ancestor.
New!!: Pseudogene and Common descent · See more »
Competing endogenous RNA (CeRNA)
In molecular biology, competing endogenous RNAs (abbreviated ceRNAs) regulate other RNA transcripts by competing for shared microRNAs (miRNAs).
New!!: Pseudogene and Competing endogenous RNA (CeRNA) · See more »
Complementary DNA
In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA synthesized from a single stranded RNA (e.g., messenger RNA (mRNA) or microRNA) template in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
New!!: Pseudogene and Complementary DNA · See more »
Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages.
New!!: Pseudogene and Convergent evolution · See more »
Copy-number variation
Copy number variation (CNV) is a phenomenon in which sections of the genome are repeated and the number of repeats in the genome varies between individuals in the human population.
New!!: Pseudogene and Copy-number variation · See more »
CpG site
The CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction.
New!!: Pseudogene and CpG site · See more »
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
New!!: Pseudogene and DNA · See more »
DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.
New!!: Pseudogene and DNA sequencing · See more »
Drosophila
Drosophila is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit.
New!!: Pseudogene and Drosophila · See more »
Drosophila sechellia
Drosophila sechellia is a species of fruit fly, used in lab studies of speciation because can mate with Drosophila simulans.
New!!: Pseudogene and Drosophila sechellia · See more »
Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
New!!: Pseudogene and Eukaryote · See more »
Eukaryotic translation
Eukaryotic translation is the biological process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes.
New!!: Pseudogene and Eukaryotic translation · See more »
Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
New!!: Pseudogene and Evolution · See more »
Evolutionary pressure
Any cause that reduces reproductive success in a portion of a population potentially exerts evolutionary pressure, selective pressure or selection pressure.
New!!: Pseudogene and Evolutionary pressure · See more »
Exon
An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.
New!!: Pseudogene and Exon · See more »
Fitness (biology)
Fitness (often denoted w or ω in population genetics models) is the quantitative representation of natural and sexual selection within evolutionary biology.
New!!: Pseudogene and Fitness (biology) · See more »
Frameshift mutation
A frameshift mutation (also called a framing error or a reading frame shift) is a genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three.
New!!: Pseudogene and Frameshift mutation · See more »
Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
New!!: Pseudogene and Gene · See more »
Gene conversion
Gene conversion is the process by which one DNA sequence replaces a homologous sequence such that the sequences become identical after the conversion event.
New!!: Pseudogene and Gene conversion · See more »
Gene duplication
Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution.
New!!: Pseudogene and Gene duplication · See more »
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
New!!: Pseudogene and Gene expression · See more »
Gene prediction
In computational biology, gene prediction or gene finding refers to the process of identifying the regions of genomic DNA that encode genes.
New!!: Pseudogene and Gene prediction · See more »
Gene redundancy
Gene redundancy is the existence of multiple genes in the genome of an organism that perform the same function.
New!!: Pseudogene and Gene redundancy · See more »
Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) into proteins.
New!!: Pseudogene and Genetic code · See more »
Genetic drift
Genetic drift (also known as allelic drift or the Sewall Wright effect) is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.
New!!: Pseudogene and Genetic drift · See more »
Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.
New!!: Pseudogene and Genome · See more »
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults, and is the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis.
New!!: Pseudogene and Hepatocellular carcinoma · See more »
Homologous recombination
Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of DNA.
New!!: Pseudogene and Homologous recombination · See more »
Homology (biology)
In biology, homology is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa.
New!!: Pseudogene and Homology (biology) · See more »
Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria.
New!!: Pseudogene and Human genome · See more »
In silico
In silico (literally cod Latin for "in silicon", alluding to the mass use of silicon for semiconductor computer chips) is an expression used to mean "performed on computer or via computer simulation." The phrase was coined in 1989 as an allusion to the Latin phrases in vivo, in vitro, and in situ, which are commonly used in biology (see also systems biology) and refer to experiments done in living organisms, outside living organisms, and where they are found in nature, respectively.
New!!: Pseudogene and In silico · See more »
Indel
Indel is a molecular biology term for an '''in'''sertion or '''del'''etion of bases in the genome of an organism.
New!!: Pseudogene and Indel · See more »
Intracellular parasite
Intracellular parasites are microparasites that are capable of growing and reproducing inside the cells of a host.
New!!: Pseudogene and Intracellular parasite · See more »
Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing during maturation of the final RNA product.
New!!: Pseudogene and Intron · See more »
Ionotropic glutamate receptor
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate.
New!!: Pseudogene and Ionotropic glutamate receptor · See more »
L-gulonolactone oxidase
L-gulonolactone oxidase (EC) is an enzyme that produces vitamin C, but is non-functional in Haplorrhini (including humans), in some bats, and in guinea pigs.
New!!: Pseudogene and L-gulonolactone oxidase · See more »
Leprosy
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis.
New!!: Pseudogene and Leprosy · See more »
Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.
New!!: Pseudogene and Mammal · See more »
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that ionizes chemical species and sorts the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio.
New!!: Pseudogene and Mass spectrometry · See more »
Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
New!!: Pseudogene and Messenger RNA · See more »
MicroRNA
A microRNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals and some viruses, that functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
New!!: Pseudogene and MicroRNA · See more »
Molecular evolution
Molecular evolution is the process of change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations.
New!!: Pseudogene and Molecular evolution · See more »
Molecular paleontology
Molecular paleontology refers to the recovery and analysis of DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, or lipids, and their diagenetic products from ancient human, animal, and plant remains.
New!!: Pseudogene and Molecular paleontology · See more »
Mutation
In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.
New!!: Pseudogene and Mutation · See more »
Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium leprae, also known as Hansen’s bacillus spirilly, mostly found in warm tropical countries, is a bacterium that causes leprosy (Hansen's disease).
New!!: Pseudogene and Mycobacterium leprae · See more »
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
New!!: Pseudogene and Natural selection · See more »
Neuron
A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
New!!: Pseudogene and Neuron · See more »
Non-coding DNA
In genomics and related disciplines, noncoding DNA sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences.
New!!: Pseudogene and Non-coding DNA · See more »
Nonsense mutation
In genetics, a point-nonsense mutation is a point mutation in a sequence of DNA that results in a premature stop codon, or a point-nonsense codon in the transcribed mRNA, and in a truncated, incomplete, and usually nonfunctional protein product.
New!!: Pseudogene and Nonsense mutation · See more »
Olfactory receptor
Olfactory receptors (ORs), also known as odorant receptors, are expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons and are responsible for the detection of odorants (i.e., compounds that have an odor) which give rise to the sense of smell.
New!!: Pseudogene and Olfactory receptor · See more »
Oncogene
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.
New!!: Pseudogene and Oncogene · See more »
Personal genomics
Personal genomics or consumer genetics is the branch of genomics concerned with the sequencing, analysis and interpretation of the genome of an individual.
New!!: Pseudogene and Personal genomics · See more »
Piwi-interacting RNA
Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) is the largest class of small non-coding RNA molecules expressed in animal cells.
New!!: Pseudogene and Piwi-interacting RNA · See more »
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA.
New!!: Pseudogene and Polyadenylation · See more »
Polymerase chain reaction
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
New!!: Pseudogene and Polymerase chain reaction · See more »
Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology and zoology is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.
New!!: Pseudogene and Polymorphism (biology) · See more »
Population bottleneck
A population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (such as earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, or droughts) or human activities (such as genocide).
New!!: Pseudogene and Population bottleneck · See more »
Post-transcriptional modification
Post-transcriptional modification or Co-transcriptional modification is the process in eukaryotic cells where primary transcript RNA is converted into mature RNA.
New!!: Pseudogene and Post-transcriptional modification · See more »
Precursor mRNA
Precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) is an immature single strand of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA).
New!!: Pseudogene and Precursor mRNA · See more »
Promoter (genetics)
In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.
New!!: Pseudogene and Promoter (genetics) · See more »
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
New!!: Pseudogene and Protein · See more »
Protein folding
Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein chain acquires its native 3-dimensional structure, a conformation that is usually biologically functional, in an expeditious and reproducible manner.
New!!: Pseudogene and Protein folding · See more »
Proteome
The proteome is the entire set of proteins that is, or can be, expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain time.
New!!: Pseudogene and Proteome · See more »
PTEN (gene)
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PTEN gene.
New!!: Pseudogene and PTEN (gene) · See more »
Regulation of gene expression
Regulation of gene expression includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA), and is informally termed gene regulation.
New!!: Pseudogene and Regulation of gene expression · See more »
Retroposon
Retroposons are repetitive DNA fragments which are inserted into chromosomes after they had been reverse transcribed from any RNA molecule.
New!!: Pseudogene and Retroposon · See more »
Retrotransposon
Retrotransposons (also called transposons via RNA intermediates) are genetic elements that can amplify themselves in a genome and are ubiquitous components of the DNA of many eukaryotic organisms.
New!!: Pseudogene and Retrotransposon · See more »
Reverse transcriptase
A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription.
New!!: Pseudogene and Reverse transcriptase · See more »
Ribosomal RNA
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is the RNA component of the ribosome, and is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms.
New!!: Pseudogene and Ribosomal RNA · See more »
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
New!!: Pseudogene and RNA · See more »
RNA splicing
In molecular biology, splicing is the editing of the nascent precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA).
New!!: Pseudogene and RNA splicing · See more »
Sequence alignment
In bioinformatics, a sequence alignment is a way of arranging the sequences of DNA, RNA, or protein to identify regions of similarity that may be a consequence of functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships between the sequences.
New!!: Pseudogene and Sequence alignment · See more »
Small interfering RNA
Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded RNA molecules, 20-25 base pairs in length, similar to miRNA, and operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway.
New!!: Pseudogene and Small interfering RNA · See more »
Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.
New!!: Pseudogene and Speciation · See more »
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.
New!!: Pseudogene and Species · See more »
Stop codon
In the genetic code, a stop codon (or termination codon) is a nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA that signals a termination of translation into proteins.
New!!: Pseudogene and Stop codon · See more »
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
New!!: Pseudogene and Symbiosis · See more »
TalkOrigins Archive
The TalkOrigins Archive is a website that presents mainstream science perspectives on the antievolution claims of young-earth, old-earth, and "intelligent design" creationists.
New!!: Pseudogene and TalkOrigins Archive · See more »
Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
New!!: Pseudogene and Transcription (biology) · See more »
Transcriptome
The transcriptome is the set of all RNA molecules in one cell or a population of cells.
New!!: Pseudogene and Transcriptome · See more »
Translation (biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus.
New!!: Pseudogene and Translation (biology) · See more »
Translational frameshift
Translational frameshifting or ribosomal frameshifting refers to an alternative process of protein translation.
New!!: Pseudogene and Translational frameshift · See more »
Transposable element
A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.
New!!: Pseudogene and Transposable element · See more »
Tree model
In historical linguistics, the tree model (also Stammbaum, genetic, or cladistic model) is a model of the evolution of languages analogous to the concept of a family tree, particularly a phylogenetic tree in the biological evolution of species.
New!!: Pseudogene and Tree model · See more »
Tumor suppressor
A tumor suppressor gene, or antioncogene, is a gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer.
New!!: Pseudogene and Tumor suppressor · See more »
Untranslated region
In molecular genetics, an untranslated region (or UTR) refers to either of two sections, one on each side of a coding sequence on a strand of mRNA.
New!!: Pseudogene and Untranslated region · See more »
Vitamin C
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
New!!: Pseudogene and Vitamin C · See more »
Zygosity
Zygosity is the degree of similarity of the alleles for a trait in an organism.
New!!: Pseudogene and Zygosity · See more »
Redirects here:
Nonfunctionalization, Pseudo-gene, Pseudo-pseudogene, Pseudogenes, Pseudogenization.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudogene
