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Republic of Artsakh

Index Republic of Artsakh

The Republic of Artsakh (Արցախի Հանրապետություն Arts'akhi Hanrapetut'yun), or simply Artsakh, commonly known by its former name of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic between 1991 and 2017, is a state with limited recognition in the South Caucasus internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan. [1]

313 relations: Aşağı Ağcakənd, Abkhazia, Abkhazia national football team, Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Agdam District, Aghdara (town), Albania (satrapy), Alpine tundra, Amaras Monastery, Amnesty International, Aq Qoyunlu, Arkadi Ghukasyan, Armed Forces of Armenia, Armenia, Armenia Time, Armenia–Turkey relations, Armenian Apostolic Church, Armenian diaspora, Armenian dram, Armenian Earthquake Memorial Day, Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day, Armenian Highlands, Armenian language, Armenian National Academy of Sciences, Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Weekly, Armenian-controlled territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh, Armenians, Arminiya, Artaxiad dynasty, Artaxias I, Artsakh (historic province), Artsakh Defense Army, Artsakh dram, Artsakh national football team, Artsakh State Museum, Artsakh University, Artsakhbank, Artsakhian presidential election, 2017, Ashot Ghulian, Askeran (town), Askeran Province, Association football, Assyrian people, Azat Artsakh, Azat u ankakh Artsakh, Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, ..., Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijanis, Bagrat Ulubabyan, Bagratid Armenia, Bagratuni dynasty, Bako Sahakyan, Barack Obama, Beirut, Bolsheviks, British Empire, Bucharest, Byzantine Empire, Cadet branch, California State Assembly, California State Senate, Capture of Shusha, Caspians, Catholicos of All Armenians, Caucasus, Children's Day, Church of St. Nerses the Great, Cimmerians, Civil and political rights, Coat of arms of the Republic of Artsakh, Commonwealth of Independent States, Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations, Constitution Day, Dadivank, David Babayan, David Marshall Lang, De facto, Declaration of independence, Demining, Democracy, Democratic Party of Artsakh, Democratic Republic of Georgia, Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Education in the Soviet Union, Elections in Artsakh, Elmar Mammadyarov, Emirate, Erivan Khanate, Ethnogenesis, European Parliament, European Union, Evangelicalism, Executive (government), First Republic of Armenia, Foreign relations of Artsakh, Fourth Geneva Convention, Free Motherland, Freedom House, Fresco, Fresno County, California, Fuzuli District, Gandzasar monastery, Geographica, George Bournoutian, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgians, German Council on Foreign Relations, Ghazanchetsots Cathedral, Goranboy District, Government of Armenia, Great King, Greek language, Gtichavank, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, Gyumri, Hadrut (town), Hadrut Province, HALO Trust, Harvard University Press, Hawaii, Hürriyet Daily News, Head of government, Head of state, Heydar Aliyev, Heyvali (village), Highland, California, History of Artsakh, House of Hasan-Jalalyan, Human Rights Watch, Ilham Aliyev, Ilkhanate, Internally displaced person, International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, International Women's Day, Iran, Isa Gambar, Jabrayil District, Janapar, Joseph Stalin, Kalbajar, Kalbajar District, Kanach Zham, Kara Koyunlu, Karabakh, Karabakh dialect, Karabakh Khanate, Karel De Gucht, Kashatagh Province, Katarovank, Kazakhstan, Key West, Khanates of the Caucasus, Khojaly District, Khojavend (town), Khojavend District, Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Kingdom of Artsakh, Kingdom of Georgia, Kura (Caspian Sea), Kurdistan Workers' Party, Labour Day, Lachin, Lachin corridor, Lachin District, Land mine, Lernayin Artsakh FC, List of national independence days, List of political parties in Artsakh, List of states with limited recognition, Los Angeles, Louisiana State Senate, Maine House of Representatives, Mamikonian, Martakert Province, Martuni Province, Massachusetts House of Representatives, Matthew Bryza, Medes, Melikdoms of Karabakh, Mesrop Mashtots, Metres above sea level, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Azerbaijan), Montane ecosystems, Mortar (weapon), Motherhood and Beauty Day, Movement 88, Multi-party system, Murovdag, Muslim conquest of Armenia, Muslim conquest of Persia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, Nagorno-Karabakh constitutional referendum, 2006, Nagorno-Karabakh constitutional referendum, 2017, Nagorno-Karabakh independence referendum, 1991, Nagorno-Karabakh War, Nakharar, National Assembly (Artsakh), National Revival (Artsakh), New South Wales Legislative Council, Non-binding resolution, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Oriental Orthodoxy, Orontid Dynasty, Orthodoxy, OSCE Minsk Group, Ottoman Empire, Outline of the Republic of Artsakh, Pacifism, Pan-Armenian Games, Paris Peace Conference, 1919, PDF, Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh, Politics of Armenia, Politics of Azerbaijan, President of Artsakh, President of the National Assembly of Artsakh, Presidential system, Prime Minister of Artsakh, Principality of Iberia, Principality of Khachen, Qubadli District, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Rambouillet, Red Army, Referendum, REGNUM News Agency, Republic, Rhode Island House of Representatives, Robert H. Hewsen, Robert Kocharyan, Robert Service (historian), Roman Empire, Russian Empire, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russians, Safavid dynasty, Safavid Karabakh, Sargis Baghdasaryan, Sarsang Reservoir, Sasanian Armenia, Sasanian Empire, Satrap, Satrapy of Armenia, Scythians, Secretary General of the Council of Europe, Self-determination, Seljuk Empire, Serzh Sargsyan, Shahumyan Province, Shusha, Shusha District, Shushi Province, Sister city, Siunia dynasty, South Ossetia, Sovereignty, Soviet Union, Spitak, St. Nerses I, Stepanakert, Stepanakert Airport, Steppe, Stillbirth, Strabo, Sukhumi, Syria, Syrian Civil War, Tank, Tartar (river), Tartar District, Telephone numbers in the Republic of Artsakh, Terry Davis (politician), The Armenian Review, The Economist, The Ramblers, Tigranakert of Artsakh, Tigranes the Great, Timurid Empire, Transcaucasia, Tsitsernavank Monastery, Tuff, Tuvalu, Ukrainians, Unicameralism, Unitary state, United Nations, United Nations Development Programme, United States Congress, Urartian language, Urartu, Vartan Oskanian, Washington, D.C., We Are Our Mountains, Western Asia, Western European Union, Xanlıq, Yazidis, Yeghishe Arakyal Monastery, Yerevan, Yerits Mankants Monastery, Zangezur Mountains, Zangilan District, .am, .հայ, 1988 Armenian earthquake, 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes. Expand index (263 more) »

Aşağı Ağcakənd

Aşağı Ağcakənd (also known as Ashagi Agchakand, Ashagy Agdzhakend, Nerkishen, Nizhniy Agdzhakend, Novo Agdzhakend, Shahoumian, Shahumyan, Shaumyan (Շահումյան), and Shaumyanovsk) is a village in the Goranboy Rayon of Azerbaijan.

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Abkhazia

Abkhazia (Аҧсны́; აფხაზეთი; p) is a territory on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, south of the Greater Caucasus mountains, in northwestern Georgia.

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Abkhazia national football team

The Abkhazia National Football Team, is the team representing the partially recognised state of Abkhazia.

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Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan is administratively divided into the following subdivisions.

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Agdam District

Agdam (Ağdam) is a rayon in southwestern Azerbaijan.

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Aghdara (town)

Martakert (Մարտակերտ Martakert, also spelled as Mardakert) or Aghdara (Ağdərə also spelled as Agdere or Aqdara) is the de facto administrative center of Martakert Region of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and a de jure town in the Tartar District of Azerbaijan.

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Albania (satrapy)

Albania, or Ardhan in Parthian or Arran in Middle Persian, was a Caucasian satrapy (province) of the Sassanid Empire.

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Alpine tundra

Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high altitude.

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Amaras Monastery

Amaras Monastery (Ամարաս վանք) is an Armenian monastery in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh, near the village of Sos in the Martuni Province of the Artsakh Republic, de jure in the Khojavend District of Azerbaijan.

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Amnesty International

Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a London-based non-governmental organization focused on human rights.

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Aq Qoyunlu

The Aq Qoyunlu or Ak Koyunlu, also called the White Sheep Turkomans (Āq Quyūnlū), was a Persianate Sunni Oghuz Turkic tribal federation that ruled present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Eastern Turkey, most part of Iran, and Iraq from 1378 to 1501.

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Arkadi Ghukasyan

Arkadi Ghukasyan (Արկադի Ղուկասյան, born 22 June 1957) was the second President of the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

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Armed Forces of Armenia

The Armed Forces of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետության զինված ուժեր) comprise two services: the Army, and the Air Force and Air Defense (a unified branch).

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Armenia

Armenia (translit), officially the Republic of Armenia (translit), is a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Armenia Time

Armenia Time (AMT) is a time zone used in Armenia.

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Armenia–Turkey relations

Armenia–Turkey relations are officially non-existent and have historically been hostile.

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Armenian Apostolic Church

The Armenian Apostolic Church (translit) is the national church of the Armenian people.

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Armenian diaspora

The Armenian diaspora refers to the communities of Armenians outside Armenia and other locations where Armenians are considered an indigenous population.

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Armenian dram

The dram (դրամ; sign: ֏; code: AMD) is the monetary unit of Armenia and the neighboring unrecognized Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh).

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Armenian Earthquake Memorial Day

Armenian Earthquake Memorial Day is a day of remembrance in Armenia for the earthquake of magnitude 6.9 on the Richter scale that struck in north-west Armenia (then part of the Soviet Union) on December 7, 1988.

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Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day

Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day (Մեծ Եղեռնի զոհերի հիշատակի օր Mets Yegherrni zoheri hishataki or; Геноцид армян День памяти, Genotsid armyan Den' pamyati; Ermeni Soykırımı Anma Günü) or Armenian Genocide Memorial Day is a national holiday in Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh and is observed by the Armenian diaspora on 24 April.

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Armenian Highlands

The Armenian Highlands (Haykakan leṙnašxarh; also known as the Armenian Upland, Armenian plateau, Armenian tableland,Hewsen, Robert H. "The Geography of Armenia" in The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century. Richard G. Hovannisian (ed.) New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997, pp. 1-17 or simply Armenia) is the central-most and highest of three land-locked plateaus that together form the northern sector of the Middle East.

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Armenian language

The Armenian language (reformed: հայերեն) is an Indo-European language spoken primarily by the Armenians.

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Armenian National Academy of Sciences

The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (NAS RA) (Հայաստանի Հանրապետության գիտությունների ազգային ակադեմիա, ՀՀ ԳԱԱ, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yan gitut’yunneri azgayin akademia) is the primary body that conducts research and coordinates activities in the fields of science and social sciences in Armenia.

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Armenian Revolutionary Federation

The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) (classical Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն, ՀՅԴ), also known as Dashnaktsutyun (in a short form, Dashnak), is an Armenian nationalist and socialist political party founded in 1890 in Tiflis, Russian Empire (now Tbilisi, Georgia) by Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, and Simon Zavarian.

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Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia

The Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia (Հայկական սովետական հանրագիտարան, Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran; ASE) publishing house was established in 1967 as a department of the Institute of History of the Armenian Academy of Sciences under the presidency of Viktor Hambardzumyan (1908–1996), co-edited by Abel Simonyan (1922–1994) and Makich Arzumanyan (1919–1988).

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Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic

Armenia (translit,; Армения; Armeniya), officially the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (Armenian SSR; translit; translit), also commonly referred to as Soviet Armenia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union in December 1922 located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Armenian Weekly

Armenian Weekly (originally Hairenik Weekly) is an English Armenian publication published by Hairenik Association, Inc.

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Armenian-controlled territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh

The Armenian-controlled territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh are areas formally part of Azerbaijan and situated outside the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, which are since the end of the Karabakh War controlled by the military forces of the de facto Republic of Artsakh supported by Armenia.

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Armenians

Armenians (հայեր, hayer) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian Highlands.

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Arminiya

Arminiya, also known as the Ostikanate of Arminiya (Արմինիա ոստիկանություն, Arminia vostikanut'yun), Emirate of Armenia (إمارة أرمينيا, imārat Arminiya), was a political and geographic designation given by the Muslim Arabs to the lands of Greater Armenia, Caucasian Iberia, and Caucasian Albania, following their conquest of these regions in the 7th century.

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Artaxiad dynasty

The Artaxiad dynasty or Ardaxiad dynasty (Artashesian Dynasty, Armenian: Արտաշեսյան արքայատոհմ) ruled the Kingdom of Armenia from 189 BC until their overthrow by the Romans in AD 12.

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Artaxias I

Artaxias I (Άρταξίας, Artashes Արտաշես; reigned 190/189 BC160/159 BC) was the founder of the Artaxiad Dynasty whose members ruled the Kingdom of Armenia for nearly two centuries.

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Artsakh (historic province)

Artsakh (Արցախ) was the tenth province (nahang) of the Kingdom of Armenia from 189 BC until 387 AD and afterwards a region of the Caucasian Albanian satrapy of Sasanid Persia from 387 to the 7th century.

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Artsakh Defense Army

Արցախի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության բանակ |image.

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Artsakh dram

The Artsakh dram (Արցախյան դրամ) is a monetary unit of the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh.

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Artsakh national football team

Artsakh national football team (Արցախի ֆուտբոլի հավաքական), is the national representative of the Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) which is internationally unrecognized.

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Artsakh State Museum

Artsakh State Historical Museum of Local Lore located at 1, Sasuntsi David str., Stepanakert, was founded in 1939 in spite of the anti-Armenian policy of Soviet Azerbaijan and the years of war in Artsakh.

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Artsakh University

Artsakh State University is the oldest, largest and by far the most respected university in the Republic of Artsakh.

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Artsakhbank

Artsakhbank is an Armenian bank with headquarters in Yerevan.

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Artsakhian presidential election, 2017

Indirect presidential elections were held in the unrecognised Republic of Artsakh on 19 July 2017.

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Ashot Ghulian

Ashot Ghulian (Աշոտ Ղուլյան; born 19 August 1965) is the President of the National Assembly of the Republic of Artsakh.

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Askeran (town)

Askeran (Ասկերան, Əsgəran; also, Khachen) is a town in the Republic of Artsakh and the administrative center of the Askeran Province which is coextensive with Khojali Rayon of Azerbaijan.

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Askeran Province

Askeran Province (Ասկերան)is a province of the de facto Republic of Artsakh.

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Association football

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.

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Assyrian people

Assyrian people (ܐܫܘܪܝܐ), or Syriacs (see terms for Syriac Christians), are an ethnic group indigenous to the Middle East.

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Azat Artsakh

Azat Artsakh (Ազատ Արցախ in Armenian meaning "Free Artsakh) is the official newspaper of the Republic of Artsakh published in Armenian.

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Azat u ankakh Artsakh

"Azat u ankakh Artsakh" (Ազատ ու անկախ Արցախ; Free and independent Artsakh) is the national anthem of the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh.

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Azerbaijan

No description.

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Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR; Azərbaycan Demokratik Respublikası), also known as Azerbaijan People's Republic (Azərbaycan Xalq Cümhuriyyəti) or Caucasus Azerbaijan in diplomatic documents, was the third democratic republic in the Turkic world and Muslim world, after the Crimean People's Republic and Idel-Ural Republic.

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Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic

Azerbaijan (Азәрбајҹан; Azərbaycan), officially the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijan SSR; Азәрбајҹан Совет Сосиалист Республикасы, Azərbaycan Sovet Sosialist Respublikası, Азербайджанская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Azerbajdžanskaja Sovetskaja Socialističeskaja Respublika) and the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası, Азәрбајҹан Республикасы), also referred to as Soviet Azerbaijan, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union between 1922 and 1991.

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Azerbaijanis

Azerbaijanis or Azeris (Azərbaycanlılar آذربایجانلیلار, Azərilər آذریلر), also known as Azerbaijani Turks (Azərbaycan türkləri آذربایجان تورکلری), are a Turkic ethnic group living mainly in the Iranian region of Azerbaijan and the sovereign (former Soviet) Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Bagrat Ulubabyan

Bagrat Arshaki Ulubabyan (Բագրատ Արշակի Ուլուբաբյան; Баграт Аршакович Улубабян; December 9, 1925 – November 19, 2001) was an Armenian writer and historian, known most prominently for his work on the histories of Nagorno-Karabakh and Artsakh.

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Bagratid Armenia

The Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia, also known as Bagratid Armenia (Բագրատունյաց Հայաստան Bagratunyats Hayastan or Բագրատունիների թագավորություն, Bagratunineri t’agavorut’yun, "kingdom of the Bagratunis"), was an independent state established by Ashot I Bagratuni in the early 880s following nearly two centuries of foreign domination of Greater Armenia under Arab Umayyad and Abbasid rule.

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Bagratuni dynasty

The Bagratuni or Bagratid (Բագրատունի) royal dynasty was a royal family of Armenia that ruled many regional polities of the medieval Kingdom of Armenia, such as Syunik, Lori, Vaspurakan, Vanand, Taron, and Tayk.

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Bako Sahakyan

Bako Sahakyan (Բակո Սահակյան; born 30 August 1959) is the third president of the de facto Republic of Artsakh.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.

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Beirut

Beirut (بيروت, Beyrouth) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).

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Cadet branch

In history and heraldry, a cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch or patriarch's younger sons (cadets).

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California State Assembly

The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature.

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California State Senate

The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature.

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Capture of Shusha

The Capture of Shusha, referred to by Armenians as the Liberation of Shushi (Shushii azatagrum) and by Azerbaijanis as the Occupation of Shusha (Şuşanın işğalı) was the first significant military victory by Armenian forces during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.

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Caspians

The Caspians (Κάσπιοι Kaspioi, Aramaic: kspy, კასპიელები kaspielebiʿ, կասպք kaspkʿ, کاسپیان Kāspiān) were a people of antiquity who dwelled along the southern and southwestern shores of the Caspian Sea, in the region known as Caspiane.

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Catholicos of All Armenians

The Catholicos of All Armenians (plural Catholicoi, due to its Greek origin) (Ամենայն Հայոց Կաթողիկոս) is the chief bishop and spiritual leader of Armenia's national church, the Armenian Apostolic Church, and the worldwide Armenian diaspora.

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Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.

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Children's Day

Children's Day is a day recognised to celebrate children.

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Church of St. Nerses the Great

Church of St.

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Cimmerians

The Cimmerians (also Kimmerians; Greek: Κιμμέριοι, Kimmérioi) were an ancient people, who appeared about 1000 BC and are mentioned later in 8th century BC in Assyrian records.

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Civil and political rights

Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals.

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Coat of arms of the Republic of Artsakh

The emblem of the Republic of Artsakh consists of an eagle wearing an ornamented crown.

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Commonwealth of Independent States

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS; r), also nicknamed the Russian Commonwealth (in order to distinguish it from the Commonwealth of Nations), is a political and economic intergovernmental organization of nine member states and one associate member, all of which are former Soviet Republics located in Eurasia (primarily in Central to North Asia), formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations

The Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations (Сообщество за демократию и права народов), also commonly known as Commonwealth of Unrecognized States, rarely as CIS-2 (Содружество непризнанных государств, СНГ-2), is an international organisation uniting several states in the former Soviet Union, all of which have limited recognition from the international community.

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Constitution Day

Constitution Day is a holiday to honor the constitution of a country.

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Dadivank

Dadivank (Դադիվանք) also Khutavank (Խութավանք – Arm. Monastery on the Hill) is an Armenian monastery in the Shahumian Region of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

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David Babayan

David Babayan, Head of the Central Information Department of the Office of the Artsakh Republic President - deputy head of the Artsakh Republic President's Office.

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David Marshall Lang

David Marshall Lang (6 May 1924 – 20 March 1991), was a Professor of Caucasian Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.

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De facto

In law and government, de facto (or;, "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, even if not legally recognised by official laws.

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Declaration of independence

A declaration of independence or declaration of statehood is an assertion by a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state.

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Demining

Demining or mine clearance is the process of removing land mines from an area, while minesweeping describes the act of detecting mines.

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Democracy

Democracy (δημοκρατία dēmokraa thetía, literally "rule by people"), in modern usage, has three senses all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.

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Democratic Party of Artsakh

The Democratic Party of Artsakh (DPA) is a political party in the Republic of Artsakh.

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Democratic Republic of Georgia

The Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG; საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა) existed from May 1918 to February 1921 and was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia. The DRG was created after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917. Its established borders were with the Kuban People's Republic and the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus in the north, the Ottoman Empire and the First Republic of Armenia in the south, and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in the southeast. It had a total land area of roughly 107,600 km2 (by comparison, the total area of today's Georgia is 69,700 km2), and a population of 2.5 million. The republic's capital was Tbilisi, and its state language was Georgian. Proclaimed on May 26, 1918, on the break-up of the Transcaucasian Federation, it was led by the Georgian Social Democratic Party (also known as the Georgian Menshevik Party). Facing permanent internal and external problems, the young state was unable to withstand invasion by the Russian SFSR Red Armies, and collapsed between February and March 1921 to become a Soviet republic.

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Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia

The deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia took place as an act of forced resettlement and ethnic cleansing throughout the 20th century.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.

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Education in the Soviet Union

Education in the Soviet Union was organized in a highly centralized government-run system.

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Elections in Artsakh

Artsakh elects on a national level a president and a parliament.

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Elmar Mammadyarov

Elmar Mammadyarov Maharram oglu (Elmar Məmmədyarov Məhərrəm oğlu.), born July 2, 1960) is an Azerbaijani diplomat who has served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan since 2004. Mammadyarov speaks Russian, English, Azerbaijani, and Turkish.

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Emirate

An emirate is a political territory that is ruled by a dynastic Arabic or Islamic monarch styled emir.

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Erivan Khanate

The Erivan Khanate (خانات ایروان – Xānāt-e Iravān; Երևանի խանություն – Yerevani khanut’yun; İrəvan xanlığı – ایروان خانلیغی), also known as Chokhur-e Sa'd, was a khanate (i.e. province) that was established in Afsharid Iran in the eighteenth century.

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Ethnogenesis

Ethnogenesis (from Greek ethnos ἔθνος, "group of people, nation", and genesis γένεσις, "beginning, coming into being"; plural ethnogeneses) is "the formation and development of an ethnic group." This can originate through a process of self-identification as well as come about as the result of outside identification.

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European Parliament

The European Parliament (EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU).

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Evangelicalism

Evangelicalism, evangelical Christianity, or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide, crossdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity which maintains the belief that the essence of the Gospel consists of the doctrine of salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ's atonement.

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Executive (government)

The executive is the organ exercising authority in and holding responsibility for the governance of a state.

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First Republic of Armenia

The First Republic of Armenia, officially known at the time of its existence as the Republic of Armenia (classical Հայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն), was the first modern Armenian state since the loss of Armenian statehood in the Middle Ages.

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Foreign relations of Artsakh

The Republic of Artsakh is a republic with limited recognition in the South Caucasus region.

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Fourth Geneva Convention

The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, commonly referred to as the Fourth Geneva Convention and abbreviated as GCIV, is one of the four treaties of the Geneva Conventions.

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Free Motherland

Free Motherland («Ազատ Հայրենիք» կուսակցություն, Azat Hayrenik kusaktsutyun) abbreviated as ԱՀԿ or AHK is a political party in Artsakh.

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Freedom House

Freedom House is a U.S.-based 501(c)(3) U.S. government-funded non-governmental organization (NGO) that conducts research and advocacy on democracy, political freedom, and human rights.

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Fresco

Fresco (plural frescos or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid, or wet lime plaster.

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Fresno County, California

Fresno County, officially the County of Fresno, is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California.

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Fuzuli District

Fuzuli or Fizuli is a rayon of Azerbaijan.

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Gandzasar monastery

Gandzasar monastery (Գանձասարի վանք) is a 10th to 13th century Armenian monastery situated in the Mardakert district of de facto Republic of Artsakh (de jure: Kalbajar Rayon).

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Geographica

The Geographica (Ancient Greek: Γεωγραφικά Geōgraphiká), or Geography, is an encyclopedia of geographical knowledge, consisting of 17 'books', written in Greek by Strabo, an educated citizen of the Roman Empire of Greek descent.

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George Bournoutian

George A. Bournoutian (جورج بورنوتیان., 25 September 1943, Isfahan, Iran) is an Iranian-American professor, historian, and author of Armenian descent.

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Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia is a state in the Southeastern United States.

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Georgians

The Georgians or Kartvelians (tr) are a nation and Caucasian ethnic group native to Georgia.

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German Council on Foreign Relations

The German Council on Foreign Relations (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik e. V. (DGAP) is Germany's national foreign policy network. As an independent, private, non-partisan and non-profit organisation, the Council actively takes part in political decision-making and promotes the understanding of German foreign policy and international relations. It serves as forum for foreign policy and facilitates a comprehensive network of political, economic and academic decision makers. The institution aims at linking foreign politicians to the German public.

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Ghazanchetsots Cathedral

Holy Savior Cathedral (Սուրբ Ամենափրկիչ մայր տաճար, Surb Amenap′rkich mayr tachar), commonly referred to as Ghazanchetsots (Ղազանչեցոց), is an Armenian Apostolic cathedral in Shusha (Shushi), in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh).

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Goranboy District

Goranboy is a rayon of Azerbaijan.

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Government of Armenia

The Government of the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Կառավարություն) or the executive branch of the Armenian government is an executive council of government ministers in Armenia.

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Great King

Great King and the equivalent in many languages is a semantic title for historical titles of monarchs, suggesting an elevated status among the host of Kings and Princes.

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Gtichavank

Gtichavank (Գտչավանք) is a 13th-century Armenian Apostolic Church monastery located in the district of Hadrut (historical country of Dizak) of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, part of the historical Armenian province of Artsakh.

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GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development

The GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development (Организация за демократию и экономическое развитие — ГУАМ) is a regional organization of four post-Soviet states: '''G'''eorgia, '''U'''kraine, '''A'''zerbaijan, and '''M'''oldova.

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Gyumri

Gyumri (Գյումրի), is an urban municipal community and the second largest city in Armenia, serving as the administrative centre of Shirak Province in the northwestern part of the country.

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Hadrut (town)

Hadrut (Հադրութ Hadrut) is de facto the administrative center of Hadrut Province, Artsakh and de jure a town in the Khojavend Rayon of Azerbaijan.

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Hadrut Province

Hadrut Province (Հադրութ in Armenian) is a province of the de facto Republic of Artsakh.

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HALO Trust

The HALO Trust (Hazardous Area Life-support Organization) is a non-political and non-religious registered British charity and American non-profit organization which removes debris left behind by war, in particular land mines.

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Harvard University Press

Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.

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Hürriyet Daily News

The Hürriyet Daily News, formerly Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review and Turkish Daily News, is the oldest current English-language daily in Turkey, founded in 1961.

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Head of government

A head of government (or chief of government) is a generic term used for either the highest or second highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, (commonly referred to as countries, nations or nation-states) who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments.

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Head of state

A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state.

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Heydar Aliyev

Heydar Alirza oghlu Aliyev, also spelled Gaydar Aliev (Heydər Əlirza oğlu Əliyev; Гейда́р Али́евич Али́ев Geydar Aliyevich Aliyev; 10 May 1923 – 12 December 2003), was the third President of Azerbaijan who served from October 1993 to October 2003.

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Heyvali (village)

Heyvali (Heyvalı; Դրմբոն Drmbon) is a village de jure in the Kalbajar Rayon of Azerbaijan, de facto in the Martakert Province of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

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Highland, California

Highland is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States.

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History of Artsakh

Artsakh is located in the southern part of the Lesser Caucasus range, at the eastern edge of the Armenian Highlands, encompassing the highland part of the wider geographical region known as Karabakh.

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House of Hasan-Jalalyan

The House of Hasan-Jalalyan (Հասան-Ջալալյաններ) was an Armenian dynasty that ruled the region of Khachen (Greater Artsakh) from 1214 onwards in what are now the regions of lower Karabakh, Nagorno-Karabakh and small part of Syunik. Ulubabyan, Bagrat. "Հասան-Ջալալյաններ". Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1980, vol. 6, p. 246. It was named after Hasan-Jalal Dawla (Հասան-Ջալալ Դոլա), an Armenian feudal prince from Khachen. The Hasan-Jalalyan family was able to maintain its autonomy throughout several centuries of foreign domination of the region by Seljuk Turks, Persians and Mongols as they, as well as the other Armenian princes and meliks of Khachen, saw themselves of holding the last bastion of Armenian independence in the region. Through their many patronages of churches and other monuments, the Hasan-Jalalyans helped cultivate Armenian culture throughout the region. By the late 16th century, the Hasan-Jalalyan family had branched out to establish melikdoms in Gulistan and Jraberd, making them, along with Khachen, Varanda and Dizak, a part of what was then known as the "Melikdoms of Khamsa.".

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Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

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Ilham Aliyev

Ilham Aliyev (İlham Heydər oğlu Əliyev; born 24 December 1961) is the fourth and current President of Azerbaijan, in office since 2003.

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Ilkhanate

The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate (ایلخانان, Ilxānān; Хүлэгийн улс, Hu’legīn Uls), was established as a khanate that formed the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire, ruled by the Mongol House of Hulagu.

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Internally displaced person

An internally displaced person (IDP) is someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders.

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International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Abkhazia and South Ossetia are partially recognised republics in the Caucasus, claiming independence from Georgia.

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International Women's Day

International Women's Day (IWD) is celebrated on March 8 every year.

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Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

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Isa Gambar

Isa Yunis oglu Qambar (Azerbaijani: İsa Yunis oğlu Qəmbər), also known as Isa Gambar or Isa Qambar (born February 24, 1957), is a prominent Azerbaijani politician and leader of the Equality Party (Müsavat), the largest opposition block in Azerbaijan.

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Jabrayil District

Jabrayil (Cəbrayıl) is a rayon of Azerbaijan, occupied by Armenian forces in the Nagorno-Karabakh War.

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Janapar

Janapar is a marked trail through mountains, valleys and villages of Nagorno-Karabakh.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.

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Kalbajar

Kalbajar (Kəlbəcər, Քարվաճառ), also spelled as Kelbajar, Kälbäjär, Kelbadzhar, Kelbadshar, Kelbadjar, Kelbadžar; is a town and the provincial capital of Shahumyan Region of the de facto independent but unrecognized Republic of Artsakh (de jure Azerbaijan).

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Kalbajar District

Kalbajar District (Kəlbəcər, Kelbecer, Քարվաճառի) is a district of Azerbaijan.

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Kanach Zham

Saint John the Baptist Church, commonly known as Kanach Zham, is an Armenian Apostolic church located in Shushi, Nagorno-Karabakh; just uphill from the Ghazanchetsots Cathedral.

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Kara Koyunlu

The Kara Koyunlu or Qara Qoyunlu, also called the Black Sheep Turkomans (قره قویونلو), were a Muslim Oghuz Turkic monarchy that ruled over the territory comprising present-day Azerbaijan, Armenia (1406), northwestern Iran, eastern Turkey, and northeastern Iraq from about 1374 to 1468.

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Karabakh

Karabakh (Ղարաբաղ Gharabagh; Qarabağ) is a geographic region in present-day eastern Armenia and southwestern Azerbaijan, extending from the highlands of the Lesser Caucasus down to the lowlands between the rivers Kura and Aras.

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Karabakh dialect

The Karabakh dialect (Ղարաբաղի բարբառ, Ğarabaği barbař), also known as Artsakh dialect (Արցախի բարբառ, Artsakhi barbař) is an Eastern Armenian dialect with a unique phonetic and syntactic structure mainly spoken in the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and partially in the southern and northeastern parts of the Republic of Armenia, i.e. in the provinces of Artsakh, Utik, Syunik and Gugark of historical Armenia.

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Karabakh Khanate

The Karabakh Khanate (خانات قره‌باغ – Xānāt e Qarebāq, Qarabağ xanlığı) was a semi-independent Turkic khanate on the territories of modern-day Armenia and Azerbaijan established in about 1748 under Iranian suzerainty in Karabakh and adjacent areas.

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Karel De Gucht

Karel Lodewijk Georgette Emmerence De Gucht (born 27 January 1954) is a Belgian politician who was the European Commissioner for Trade from February 2010 until 31 October 2014.

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Kashatagh Province

Kashatagh Province (Քաշաթաղի շրջան Kashat'aghi shrjan) is a province of the de facto Republic of Artsakh.

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Katarovank

Katarovank Monastery (Կատարովանք.) is an ancient Armenian monastery in the Hadrut Region of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

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Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan,; kəzɐxˈstan), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of.

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Key West

Key West (Cayo Hueso) is an island and city in the Straits of Florida on the North American continent, at the southwesternmost end of the roadway through the Florida Keys in the state of Florida, United States.

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Khanates of the Caucasus

The Khanates of the Caucasus, or Azerbaijani khanates or Persian khanates, or Iranian khanates, were various provinces and principalities established by Persia (Iran) on their territories in the Caucasus (modern-day Azerbaijan Republic, Armenia, Georgia and Dagestan) from the late Safavid to the Qajar dynasty.

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Khojaly District

Khojali (Xocalı), also called Khojaly, Khodjaly and Hojaly, is a rayon in the Nagorno-Karabakh break away region of Azerbaijan, now under de facto control of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

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Khojavend (town)

Khojavend (Xocavənd), or Martuni (Մարտունի) is a town and the provincial capital of Martuni Region of the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh.

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Khojavend District

Khojavend (Xocavənd, Хоҹавәнд, خوجاوند) is a rayon of Azerbaijan.

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Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)

The Kingdom of Armenia, also the Kingdom of Greater Armenia, or simply Greater Armenia (Մեծ Հայք; Armenia Maior), was a monarchy in the Ancient Near East which existed from 321 BC to 428 AD.

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Kingdom of Artsakh

The Kingdom of Artsakh (Արցախի թագավորություն), was a medieval dependent Armenian kingdom on the territory of Syunik, Artsakh (present-day Nagorno-Karabakh), Gardman and Gegharkunik.

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Kingdom of Georgia

The Kingdom of Georgia (საქართველოს სამეფო), also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy which emerged circa 1008 AD.

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Kura (Caspian Sea)

The Kura (Kura; Kür; მტკვარი, Mt’k’vari; Կուր, Kur; Κῦρος, Cyrus; کوروش, Kuruš) is an east-flowing river south of the Greater Caucasus Mountains which drains the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus east into the Caspian Sea.

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Kurdistan Workers' Party

The Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK (Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê) is an organization based in Turkey and Iraq.

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Labour Day

Labour Day (Labor Day in the United States) is an annual holiday to celebrate the achievements of workers.

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Lachin

Lachin (Laçın, literally "hawk") or Berdzor (Բերձոր), formerly Abdallyar, Datschin) is a town internationally recognized de jure as part of Azerbaijan, but currently controlled by the de facto independent Artsakh. Since 1992 the area has been under the control of Artsakh, which has renamed the town Berdzor, and acts as the capital of Kashatagh Region. The government of Azerbaijan considers it to be the regional center of its Lachin Rayon. The town and its surrounding region serve as the strategic Lachin corridor connecting the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic with Armenia.

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Lachin corridor

The Lachin corridor (Լաչինի միջանցք Lachini mijantsk) is a mountain pass within the de jure borders of Azerbaijan, forming the shortest route between Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

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Lachin District

Lachin is a district in the Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Land mine

A land mine is an explosive device concealed under or on the ground and designed to destroy or disable enemy targets, ranging from combatants to vehicles and tanks, as they pass over or near it.

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Lernayin Artsakh FC

Lernayin Artsakh FC (Լեռնային Արցախ Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ) is an association football club based in Stepanakert, Artsakh Republic.

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List of national independence days

An Independence Day is an annual event commemorating the anniversary of a nation's independence or statehood, usually after ceasing to be a group or part of another nation or state; more rarely after the end of a military occupation; and in the unique case of Singapore, expulsion from Malaysia.

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List of political parties in Artsakh

This article lists political parties in the Republic of Artsakh.

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List of states with limited recognition

A number of polities have declared independence and sought diplomatic recognition from the international community as de jure sovereign states, but have not been universally recognised as such.

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Los Angeles

Los Angeles (Spanish for "The Angels";; officially: the City of Los Angeles; colloquially: by its initials L.A.) is the second-most populous city in the United States, after New York City.

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Louisiana State Senate

The Louisiana State Senate (French: Sénat de Louisiane) is the upper house of the state legislature of Louisiana.

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Maine House of Representatives

The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature.

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Mamikonian

Mamikonian or Mamikonean (Classical reformed orthography: Մամիկոնյան; Western Armenian pronunciation: Mamigonian) was an aristocratic dynasty which dominated Armenian politics between the 4th and 8th century.

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Martakert Province

Martakert Province (Մարտակերտ) is a province of the de facto Republic of Artsakh.

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Martuni Province

Martuni Province (Մարտունի) is a province of the de facto Republic of Artsakh.

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Massachusetts House of Representatives

The Massachusetts House of Representatives is the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court, the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

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Matthew Bryza

Matthew James Bryza (born February 16, 1964) is a former United States diplomat.

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Medes

The Medes (Old Persian Māda-, Μῆδοι, מָדַי) were an ancient Iranian people who lived in an area known as Media (northwestern Iran) and who spoke the Median language. At around 1100 to 1000 BC, they inhabited the mountainous area of northwestern Iran and the northeastern and eastern region of Mesopotamia and located in the Hamadan (Ecbatana) region. Their emergence in Iran is thought to have occurred between 800 BC and 700 BC, and in the 7th century the whole of western Iran and some other territories were under Median rule. Its precise geographical extent remains unknown. A few archaeological sites (discovered in the "Median triangle" in western Iran) and textual sources (from contemporary Assyrians and also ancient Greeks in later centuries) provide a brief documentation of the history and culture of the Median state. Apart from a few personal names, the language of the Medes is unknown. The Medes had an ancient Iranian religion (a form of pre-Zoroastrian Mazdaism or Mithra worshipping) with a priesthood named as "Magi". Later during the reigns of the last Median kings, the reforms of Zoroaster spread into western Iran.

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Melikdoms of Karabakh

The Five Melikdoms of Karabakh, also known as Khamsa Melikdoms, were Armenian feudal entities that existed on the territory modern Nagorno Karabakh and neighboring lands from the times of the dissolution of the Principality of Khachen in the 15th century and up to the abolition of ethnic feudal formations in the Russian Empire in 1822.

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Mesrop Mashtots

Mesrop Mashtots (Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց Mesrop Maštoc'; Mesrobes Mastosius; 362February 17, 440 AD), was an early medieval Armenian linguist, theologian, statesman and hymnologist.

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Metres above sea level

Metres above mean sea level (MAMSL) or simply metres above sea level (MASL or m a.s.l.) is a standard metric measurement in metres of the elevation or altitude of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Azerbaijan)

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikasının Xarici İşlər Nazirliyi) is a Cabinet-level governmental agency in Azerbaijan Republic in charge of conducting and designing Azerbaijani Foreign policy.

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Montane ecosystems

Montane ecosystems refers to any ecosystem found in mountains.

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Mortar (weapon)

A mortar is usually a simple, lightweight, man portable, muzzle-loaded weapon, consisting of a smooth-bore metal tube fixed to a base plate (to absorb recoil) with a lightweight bipod mount.

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Motherhood and Beauty Day

Motherhood and beauty day (Մայրության և գեղեցկության օր) is an official holiday in Armenia dedicated to women.

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Movement 88

Movement 88 is a political party in Artsakh.

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Multi-party system

A multi-party system is a system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national election, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in coalition.

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Murovdag

The Murovdağ (also spelled as Murovdagh, Murovdağ) or Mrav (Մռավի լեռնաշղթա - Mravi Lernash'ghta) is the highest mountain range in the Lesser Caucasus.

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Muslim conquest of Armenia

The Arab conquest of Armenia was a part of the Muslim conquests after the death of Muhammad in 632 CE.

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Muslim conquest of Persia

The Muslim conquest of Persia, also known as the Arab conquest of Iran, led to the end of the Sasanian Empire of Persia in 651 and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Iran (Persia).

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Nagorno-Karabakh

Nagorno-Karabakh, meaning "Mountainous Karabakh," also known as Artsakh, is a landlocked region in the South Caucasus, within the mountainous range of Karabakh, lying between Lower Karabakh and Zangezur, and covering the southeastern range of the Lesser Caucasus mountains.

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Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast

The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast was an autonomous oblast within the borders of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, mostly inhabited by ethnic Armenians.

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Nagorno-Karabakh constitutional referendum, 2006

A constitutional referendum was held in the unrecognised country of Nagorno-Karabakh on 10 December 2006 to approve a draft constitution, which defined Nagorno-Karabakh as a sovereign state.

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Nagorno-Karabakh constitutional referendum, 2017

A constitutional referendum was held in the unrecognised Nagorno-Karabakh Republic on 20 February 2017.

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Nagorno-Karabakh independence referendum, 1991

An independence referendum was held in Nagorno-Karabakh on 10 December 1991.

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Nagorno-Karabakh War

The Nagorno-Karabakh War was an ethnic and territorial conflict that took place in the late 1980s to May 1994, in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh backed by the Republic of Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Nakharar

Nakharar (նախարար naxarar, from Parthian naxvadār "holder of the primacy") was a hereditary title of the highest order given to houses of the ancient and medieval Armenian nobility.

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National Assembly (Artsakh)

The National Assembly of the Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Արցախի Հանրապետության Ազգային ժողով, Artsakhi Hanrapetut'yan Azgayin zhoghov or simply Ազգային ժողով, ԱԺ, Azgayin zhoghov, AZh) is the legislative branch of the government of the Republic of Artsakh.

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National Revival (Artsakh)

National Revival is a social democratic opposition political party in the Republic of Artsakh.

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New South Wales Legislative Council

The New South Wales Legislative Council, or upper house, is one of the two chambers of the parliament of the Australian state of New South Wales.

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Non-binding resolution

A non-binding resolution is a written motion adopted by a deliberative body that cannot progress into a law.

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Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; منظمة التعاون الإسلامي; Organisation de la coopération islamique) is an international organization founded in 1969, consisting of 57 member states, with a collective population of over 1.3 billion as of 2009 with 47 countries being Muslim Majority countries.

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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization.

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Oriental Orthodoxy

Oriental Orthodoxy is the fourth largest communion of Christian churches, with about 76 million members worldwide.

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Orontid Dynasty

The Orontid dynasty, also known by their native name Eruandid or Yervanduni (Երվանդունի), was a hereditary Armenian dynasty and the rulers of the successor state to the Iron Age kingdom of Urartu (Ararat).

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Orthodoxy

Orthodoxy (from Greek ὀρθοδοξία orthodoxía "right opinion") is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion.

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OSCE Minsk Group

The OSCE Minsk Group was created in 1992 by the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE, now Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)) to encourage a peaceful, negotiated resolution to the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

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Outline of the Republic of Artsakh

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Nagorno-Karabakh: Nagorno-Karabakh is a disputed region in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Pacifism

Pacifism is opposition to war, militarism, or violence.

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Pan-Armenian Games

The Pan-Armenian Games (Համահայկական խաղեր) are a multi-sport event, held between competitors from the Armenian diaspora and Armenia.

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Paris Peace Conference, 1919

The Paris Peace Conference, also known as Versailles Peace Conference, was the meeting of the victorious Allied Powers following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.

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PDF

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format developed in the 1990s to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.

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Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh

The political status of the Nagorno-Karabakh region remains unresolved.

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Politics of Armenia

The politics of Armenia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Armenia is the head of state and the Prime Minister of Armenia is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Azerbaijan

The Politics of Azerbaijan takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government.

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President of Artsakh

The President of Artsakh is the head of state of the de facto Republic of Artsakh.

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President of the National Assembly of Artsakh

The President of the National Assembly of the Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Ազգային ժողովի նախագահ, Azgayin zhoghovi naxagah) is the Speaker of the House in the Parliament of Artsakh.

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Presidential system

A presidential system is a democratic and republican system of government where a head of government leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch.

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Prime Minister of Artsakh

The Prime Minister of Artsakh was the head of government of the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh between 1992 and 2017.

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Principality of Iberia

Principality of Iberia (tr) was an early medieval aristocratic regime in a core Georgian region of Kartli, i.e. Iberia per classical authors.

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Principality of Khachen

The Principality of Khachen (Խաչենի իշխանություն) was a medieval Armenian principality on the territory of historical Artsakh (present-day Nagorno-Karabakh).

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Qubadli District

Qubadli (Qubadlı rayonu) is a rayon of Azerbaijan.

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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a broadcasting organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analysis to countries in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East where it says that "the free flow of information is either banned by government authorities or not fully developed".

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Rambouillet

Rambouillet is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

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Referendum

A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal.

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REGNUM News Agency

REGNUM News Agency is a Russian non-governmental, nationwide online news service disseminating news from Russia and abroad from its own correspondents, affiliate agencies and partners.

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Republic

A republic (res publica) is a form of government in which the country is considered a "public matter", not the private concern or property of the rulers.

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Rhode Island House of Representatives

The Rhode Island House of Representatives is the lower house of the Rhode Island General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Rhode Island.

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Robert H. Hewsen

Robert H. Hewsen (born 1934) is an American historian and Professor Emeritus of History at Rowan University.

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Robert Kocharyan

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Robert Service (historian)

Robert John Service (born 29 October 1947) is a British historian, academic, and author who has written extensively on the history of the Soviet Union, particularly the era from the October Revolution to Stalin's death.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Ru-Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика.ogg), also unofficially known as the Russian Federation, Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I or Russia (rɐˈsʲijə; from the Ρωσία Rōsía — Rus'), was an independent state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest, most populous, and most economically developed union republic of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991 and then a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991.

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Russians

Russians (русские, russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. The majority of Russians inhabit the nation state of Russia, while notable minorities exist in other former Soviet states such as Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Ukraine and the Baltic states. A large Russian diaspora also exists all over the world, with notable numbers in the United States, Germany, Israel, and Canada. Russians are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe. The Russians share many cultural traits with their fellow East Slavic counterparts, specifically Belarusians and Ukrainians. They are predominantly Orthodox Christians by religion. The Russian language is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and also spoken as a secondary language in many former Soviet states.

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Safavid dynasty

The Safavid dynasty (دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history.

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Safavid Karabakh

The Province of Karabakh (translit) was a velayat (province) of the Safavid Empire of Iran, centered on the geographic region of Karabakh.

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Sargis Baghdasaryan

Sarghis Baghdasaryan, also Baghdasarian (Սարգիս Իվանի Բաղդասարյան; September 5, 1923 in Banadzor - June 19, 2001 in Yerevan), was a Soviet Armenian sculptor.

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Sarsang Reservoir

The Sarsang Reservoir (Սարսանգի ջրամբար; Sərsəng su anbarı) is a large reservoir located in the Martakert Region of the unrecognised Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (de jure part of Azerbaijan), formed by a hydroelectric dam.

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Sasanian Armenia

Sasanian Armenia, also known as Persian Armenia and Persarmenia (Պարսկահայաստան – Parskahayastan), may either refer to the periods where Armenia (𐭠𐭫𐭬𐭭𐭩 – Armin) was under the suzerainty of the Sasanian Empire, or specifically to the parts of Armenia under its control such as after the partition of 387 AD when parts of western Armenia were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire while the rest of Armenia came under Sasanian suzerainty whilst maintaining its existing kingdom until 428.

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Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire, also known as the Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr in Middle Persian), was the last period of the Persian Empire (Iran) before the rise of Islam, named after the House of Sasan, which ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.Khaleghi-Motlagh, The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.

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Satrap

Satraps were the governors of the provinces of the ancient Median and Achaemenid Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires.

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Satrapy of Armenia

The Satrapy of Armenia (Սատրապական Հայաստան Satrapakan Hayastan; Old Persian: Armina or Arminiya), a region controlled by the Orontid Dynasty (Երվանդունիներ Yervanduniner; 570–201 BC) was one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC, which later became an independent kingdom.

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Scythians

or Scyths (from Greek Σκύθαι, in Indo-Persian context also Saka), were a group of Iranian people, known as the Eurasian nomads, who inhabited the western and central Eurasian steppes from about the 9th century BC until about the 1st century BC.

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Secretary General of the Council of Europe

The Secretary General of the Council of Europe (Secrétaire général du Conseil de l'Europe) is appointed by the Parliamentary Assembly on the recommendation of the Committee of Ministers for a period of five years.

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Self-determination

The right of people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a jus cogens rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms.

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Seljuk Empire

The Seljuk Empire (also spelled Seljuq) (آل سلجوق) was a medieval Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qiniq branch of Oghuz Turks.

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Serzh Sargsyan

Serzh Sargsyan (Սերժ Սարգսյան,; born 30 June 1954).

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Shahumyan Province

Shahumyan Province (Շահումյան) is a province of the de facto Republic of Artsakh.

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Shusha

Shusha (Şuşa; Шуша), or Shushi (Շուշի), is a city in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh in the South Caucasus.

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Shusha District

Shusha (Azeri: Şuşa) is a rayon of Azerbaijan.

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Shushi Province

Shushi Province (Շուշի) is a province of the de facto Republic of Artsakh.

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Sister city

Twin towns or sister cities are a form of legal or social agreement between towns, cities, counties, oblasts, prefectures, provinces, regions, states, and even countries in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.

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Siunia dynasty

The Siunia also known as the Siak or Syunik were a family of ancient Armenian noblesV. Minorsky.

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South Ossetia

South Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region, is a disputed territory in the South Caucasus, in the northern part of the internationally recognised Georgian territory.

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Sovereignty

Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from outside sources or bodies.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Spitak

Spitak (Սպիտակ), is a town and urban municipal community in the northern Lori Province of Armenia.

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St. Nerses I

Nerses I the Great (Սուրբ Ներսես Ա. Մեծ) was an Armenian Catholicos (or Patriarch) who lived in the fourth century.

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Stepanakert

Stepanakert (Ստեփանակերտ Step'anakert; Eastern), Khankendi (Xankəndi) and originally called Vararakn (Վարարակն), is the capital and the largest city of the de facto Republic of Artsakh.

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Stepanakert Airport

Stepanakert Airport (Ստեփանակերտի Օդանավակայան), is an airport in Khojaly, near Stepanakert, the capital city of the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh (NKR) which is an internationally recognized part of Azerbaijan.

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Steppe

In physical geography, a steppe (p) is an ecoregion, in the montane grasslands and shrublands and temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands biomes, characterized by grassland plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes.

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Stillbirth

Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death at or after 20 to 28 weeks of pregnancy.

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Strabo

Strabo (Στράβων Strábōn; 64 or 63 BC AD 24) was a Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian who lived in Asia Minor during the transitional period of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.

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Sukhumi

Sokhumi or Sukhumi (Аҟәа, Aqwa; სოხუმი,; Сухум(и), Sukhum(i)) is a city on the Black Sea coast.

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Syria

Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.

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Syrian Civil War

The Syrian Civil War (الحرب الأهلية السورية, Al-ḥarb al-ʼahliyyah as-sūriyyah) is an ongoing multi-sided armed conflict in Syria fought primarily between the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic led by President Bashar al-Assad, along with its allies, and various forces opposing both the government and each other in varying combinations.

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Tank

A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle designed for front-line combat, with heavy firepower, strong armour, tracks and a powerful engine providing good battlefield maneuverability.

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Tartar (river)

The Tartar (Թարթառ, Tərtərçay) is one of the tributaries of the Kura River.

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Tartar District

Tartar (Tərtər) is a rayon of Azerbaijan.

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Telephone numbers in the Republic of Artsakh

Telephone numbers in the Republic of Artsakh use several ranges owned by Armenia.

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Terry Davis (politician)

Terence Anthony Gordon Davis CMG (born 5 January 1938), known as Terry Davis, is a British Labour Party politician, and former Member of Parliament (MP) for the Birmingham Hodge Hill constituency, and former Secretary General of the Council of Europe.

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The Armenian Review

The Armenian Review is an academic journal that has been published in Watertown, Massachusetts since 1948.

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The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

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The Ramblers

The Ramblers, formally known as The Ramblers' Association, is the largest walkers' rights organisation in Great Britain, and aims to represent the interests of walkers (or ramblers).

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Tigranakert of Artsakh

Tigranakert (Արցախի Տիգրանակերտ, Arts'akhi Tigranakert) is a ruined Armenian city dating back to the Hellenistic period.

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Tigranes the Great

Tigranes II, more commonly known as Tigranes the Great (Տիգրան Մեծ, Tigran Mets; Τιγράνης ὁ Μέγας Tigránes ho Mégas; Tigranes Magnus) (140 – 55 BC) was King of Armenia under whom the country became, for a short time, the strongest state to Rome's east.

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Timurid Empire

The Timurid Empire (تیموریان, Timuriyān), self-designated as Gurkani (گورکانیان, Gurkāniyān), was a PersianateB.F. Manz, "Tīmūr Lang", in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Online Edition, 2006 Turco-Mongol empire comprising modern-day Iran, the Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, as well as parts of contemporary India, Pakistan, Syria and Turkey. The empire was founded by Timur (also known as Tamerlane), a warlord of Turco-Mongol lineage, who established the empire between 1370 and his death in 1405. He envisioned himself as the great restorer of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan and, while not descended from Genghis, regarded himself as Genghis's heir and associated much with the Borjigin. The ruling Timurid dynasty, or Timurids, lost most of Persia to the Aq Qoyunlu confederation in 1467, but members of the dynasty continued to rule smaller states, sometimes known as Timurid emirates, in Central Asia and parts of India. In the 16th century, Babur, a Timurid prince from Ferghana (modern Uzbekistan), invaded Kabulistan (modern Afghanistan) and established a small kingdom there, and from there 20 years later he invaded India to establish the Mughal Empire.

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Transcaucasia

Transcaucasia (Закавказье), or the South Caucasus, is a geographical region in the vicinity of the southern Caucasus Mountains on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

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Tsitsernavank Monastery

Tzitzernavank (Tsitsernavank or Dzidzernavank), Ծիծեռնավանք) is a fifth- to sixth-century Armenian church and former monastery in the Kashatagh Province of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (formerly Lachin Rayon of Azerbaijan). The monastery is within five kilometers of the border of Armenia's province of Syunik.

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Tuff

Tuff (from the Italian tufo) is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption.

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Tuvalu

Tuvalu, formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, about midway between Hawaii and Australia, lying east-northeast of the Santa Cruz Islands (belonging to the Solomons), southeast of Nauru, south of Kiribati, west of Tokelau, northwest of Samoa and Wallis and Futuna and north of Fiji.

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Ukrainians

Ukrainians (українці, ukrayintsi) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is by total population the sixth-largest nation in Europe.

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Unicameralism

In government, unicameralism (Latin uni, one + camera, chamber) is the practice of having one legislative or parliamentary chamber.

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Unitary state

A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (sub-national units) exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United Nations Development Programme

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the United Nations' global development network.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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Urartian language

The Urartian or Vannic language was spoken by the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Urartu, located in the region of Lake Van, with its capital near the site of the modern town of Van, in the Armenian Highland, modern-day Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey.

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Urartu

Urartu, which corresponds to the biblical mountains of Ararat, is the name of a geographical region commonly used as the exonym for the Iron Age kingdom also known by the modern rendition of its endonym, the Kingdom of Van, centered around Lake Van in the Armenian Highlands.

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Vartan Oskanian

Vartan Oskanian (Վարդան Օսկանյան.; born February 7, 1954) is the former Foreign Minister of Armenia (1998–2008) and founder of the Civilitas Foundation.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.

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We Are Our Mountains

"We Are Our Mountains" (Մենք ենք, մեր լեռները, Menk' enk' mer lernerə) is a large monument north of Stepanakert, the capital city of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh (which was initially named Nagorno-Karabakh).

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Western Asia

Western Asia, West Asia, Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia.

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Western European Union

The Western European Union (WEU) was the international organisation and military alliance that succeeded the Western Union (WU) after the 1954 amendment of the 1948 Treaty of Brussels.

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Xanlıq

Ishkanadzor or Xanliq is a village in de facto Kashatagh Region of Nagorno Karabakh.

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Yazidis

The Yazidis, or Yezidis (Êzidî), are a Kurdish-speaking people, indigenous to a region of northern Mesopotamia (known natively as Ezidkhan) who are strictly endogamous.

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Yeghishe Arakyal Monastery

Yeghishe Arakyal Monastery (Եղիշէ Առաքեալի վանք, or Monastery of Yeghishe the Apostle) is an Armenian Apostolic Church located on the bank of the Tartar in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

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Yerevan

Yerevan (Երևան, sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia as well as one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities.

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Yerits Mankants Monastery

Yerits Mankants Monastery (Երից Մանկանց Վանք) is a 17th-century Armenian monastery in the Martakert Province of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

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Zangezur Mountains

The Zangezur Mountains comprise a mountain range that defines the border between Armenia's southern province of Syunik and Azerbaijan's Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic.

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Zangilan District

Zangilan Rayon (Zəngilan; Zengilan) is de jure an administrative territorial entity in the south-western part of the Republic of Azerbaijan, but de facto this territory was occupied by Armenian forces in autumn of 1993, during the Nagorno-Karabakh War and is controlled by the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic till today.

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.am

.am is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Armenia.

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.հայ

.հայ (Հայ, hay, hye) is an Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Armenia, designated for two-letter country code AM, intended for domain names in the Armenian language.

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1988 Armenian earthquake

The 1988 Armenian earthquake, also known as the Spitak earthquake (Սպիտակի երկրաշարժ Spitaki yerkrašarž), occurred on December 7 at with a surface wave magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum MSK intensity of X (Devastating).

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2016 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes

The Four-Day War or April War, began along the Nagorno-Karabakh line of contact on 1 April 2016 with the Artsakh Defense Army, backed by the Armenian Armed Forces, on one side and the Azerbaijani Armed Forces on the other.

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Redirects here:

10th province of the kingdom of armenia, Arsak, Arts'akhi Hanrapetut'yun, Arts'akhi Hanrapetut’yun, Artsah, Artsakh Republic, Artsakh's, Artsakh’s, Artzakh, Climate of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Culture of the Republic of Artsakh, Geography of Artsakh, Geography of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Geography of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Geography of the Republic of Artsakh, Greater Nagorno-Karabakh, Human rights in Nagorno-Karabakh, Karabakh Republic, Lernayin Gharabaghi Hanrapetut’yun, NKR, Nagorno Karabagh Republic, Nagorno Karabakh (country), Nagorno Karabakh (state), Nagorno Karabakh (unrecognized state), Nagorno Karabakh Republic, Nagorno Republic, Nagorno-Karabakh (country), Nagorno-Karabakh (state), Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Name of the Republic of Artsakh, Orkhistene, Protestantism in Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Republic of Mountainous Karabakh, Republic of Nagorno Karabakh, Republic of Nagorno-Karabahk, Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, Roman Catholicism in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Sport in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, State of Nagorno Karabakh, The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, The Republic of Artsakh, Tourism in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Transport in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Արցախի Հանրապետություն, Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Հանրապետություն.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh

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