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185 relations: Alanine, Alternative splicing, Alzheimer's disease, Amish, Amyloid beta, Andrew Fire, Animal, Antisense RNA, Archaea, Attenuator (genetics), Autism, BACE1-AS, Bacteria, Bacterial growth, Baker's yeast, Barr body, Beta-secretase 1, Biochimie, Bioinformatics, Biomolecular structure, BRCA1, BRCA2, Caister Academic Press, Cancer, Cartilage–hair hypoplasia, Cell cycle, Cell membrane, Chromatin, Chromatography, Chromosome, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Cis-regulatory element, Cochlea, Conserved sequence, Craig Mello, CRISPR, Cytosine, Diabetes mellitus, DNA, DNA replication, Dominance (genetics), Drosophila, Drosophila roX RNA, Ecdysone, Elongation factor, Endoplasmic reticulum, Enhancer RNA, ENOD40, Enzyme, Epigenetics, ..., Estradiol, Estrogen, Eukaryote, Eutheria, Expert Review of Hematology, Extracellular RNA, Finland, Francis Crick, Friedrich Miescher, GAS5, Gene, Gene expression, Germline, Gram, Group I catalytic intron, Group II intron, Guanosine, Histidine operon leader, Histone-modifying enzymes, HOTAIR, Human iron metabolism, Internal ribosome entry site, Intron, Iron response element, Iron-responsive element-binding protein, Kilogram, Last universal common ancestor, Leucine operon leader, List of RNAs, Long non-coding RNA, Mammal, Mechanism (biology), Messenger RNA, MicroRNA, Mir-15 microRNA precursor family, Mir-16 microRNA precursor family, Mir-17 microRNA precursor family, Mir-196 microRNA precursor family, MiR-206, Mir-30 microRNA precursor, Mir-96 microRNA, Nature (journal), Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Non-small-cell lung carcinoma, Nucleic acid, Nucleic acid structure, Nucleoprotein, Nucleotide, Origin recognition complex, OxyS RNA, P53, Pancreatic ribonuclease, Peptide, Piwi, Piwi-interacting RNA, Prokaryote, Promoter (genetics), Protein, Protein biosynthesis, Pseudoknot, Retrotransposon, Reverse transcriptase, Rfam, Ribonuclease P, Ribosomal RNA, Ribosome, Riboswitch, Ribozyme, RNA, RNA polymerase II, RNA polymerase III, RNA splicing, RNA world, RNAIII, RNAs present in environmental samples, RNase MRP, Robert W. Holley, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, SgrS RNA, Sigma factor, Signal recognition particle, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Small Cajal body-specific RNA, Small interfering RNA, Small molecule, Small nuclear RNA, Small nucleolar RNA, Small nucleolar RNA SNORD115, Small nucleolar RNA SNORD116, Small nucleolar RNA SNORD50, SmY RNA, SnRNP, Somatic cell, Spermatogenesis, Spliceosome, SR1 RNA, Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Telomerase, Telomerase RNA component, Telomere, Testicle, Three prime untranslated region, Threonine operon leader, Trans-acting, Trans-splicing, Transcriptomics technologies, Transfer RNA, Transfer-messenger RNA, Transition (genetics), Translation (biology), TRIM21, Tryptophan operon leader, U1 spliceosomal RNA, U11 spliceosomal RNA, U12 minor spliceosomal RNA, U2 spliceosomal RNA, U4 spliceosomal RNA, U4atac minor spliceosomal RNA, U5 spliceosomal RNA, U6 spliceosomal RNA, U6atac minor spliceosomal RNA, Untranslated region, Uridine, X chromosome, X-inactivation, X-ray crystallography, XIST, XY sex-determination system, Y RNA, Zygosity, 5-HT2C receptor, 5S ribosomal RNA, 6S / SsrS RNA, 7SK RNA. Expand index (135 more) »
Alanine
Alanine (symbol Ala or A) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing, or differential splicing, is a regulated process during gene expression that results in a single gene coding for multiple proteins.
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Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.
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Amish
The Amish (Pennsylvania German: Amisch, Amische) are a group of traditionalist Christian church fellowships with Swiss German Anabaptist origins.
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Amyloid beta
Amyloid beta (Aβ or Abeta) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are crucially involved in Alzheimer's disease as the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer patients.
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Andrew Fire
Andrew Zachary Fire (born April 27, 1959) is an American biologist and professor of pathology and of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine.
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Animal
Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.
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Antisense RNA
Antisense RNA (asRNA), also referred to as antisense transcript, natural antisense transcript (NAT) or antisense oligonucleotide, is a single stranded RNA that is complementary to a protein coding messenger RNA (mRNA) with which it hybridizes, and thereby blocks its translation into protein.
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Archaea
Archaea (or or) constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms.
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Attenuator (genetics)
Attenuation (in genetics) is a proposed mechanism of control in some bacterial operons which results in premature termination of transcription and is based on the fact that, in bacteria, transcription and translation proceed simultaneously.
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Autism
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior.
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BACE1-AS
BACE1-AS, also known as BACE1 antisense RNA (non-protein coding), is a human gene at 11q23.3 encoding a long noncoding RNA molecule.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Bacterial growth
Growth is shown as ''L''.
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Baker's yeast
Baker's yeast is the common name for the strains of yeast commonly used as a leavening agent in baking bread and bakery products, where it converts the fermentable sugars present in the dough into carbon dioxide and ethanol.
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Barr body
A Barr body (named after discoverer Murray Barr) is the inactive X chromosome in a female somatic cell, rendered inactive in a process called lyonization, in those species in which sex is determined by the presence of the Y (including humans) or W chromosome rather than the diploidy of the X. The Lyon hypothesis states that in cells with multiple X chromosomes, all but one are inactivated during mammalian embryogenesis.
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Beta-secretase 1
Beta-secretase 1 (BACE1), also known as beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1, beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, membrane-associated aspartic protease 2, memapsin-2, aspartyl protease 2, and ASP2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BACE1 gene.
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Biochimie
Biochimie is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of biochemistry, biophysics and molecular biology.
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Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data.
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Biomolecular structure
Biomolecular structure is the intricate folded, three-dimensional shape that is formed by a molecule of protein, DNA, or RNA, and that is important to its function.
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BRCA1
BRCA1 and BRCA1 are a human gene and its protein product, respectively.
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BRCA2
BRCA2 and BRCA2 are a human gene and its protein product, respectively.
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Caister Academic Press
Caister Academic Press is an independent academic publishing company that produces books and ebooks on microbiology, and molecular biology.
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Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
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Cartilage–hair hypoplasia
Cartilage–hair hypoplasia (CHH), also known as McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia,James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005).
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Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells.
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Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
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Chromatin
Chromatin is a complex of macromolecules found in cells, consisting of DNA, protein, and RNA.
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Chromatography
Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture.
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Chromosome
A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell).
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Cis-regulatory element
Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are regions of non-coding DNA which regulate the transcription of neighboring genes.
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Cochlea
The cochlea is the part of the inner ear involved in hearing.
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Conserved sequence
In evolutionary biology, conserved sequences are similar or identical sequences in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) or proteins across species (orthologous sequences) or within a genome (paralogous sequences).
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Craig Mello
Craig Cameron Mello (born October 18, 1960) is an American biologist and professor of molecular medicine at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester, Massachusetts.
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CRISPR
CRISPR is a family of DNA sequences in bacteria and archaea.
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Cytosine
Cytosine (C) is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
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Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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DNA replication
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
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Dominance (genetics)
Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus.
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Drosophila
Drosophila is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit.
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Drosophila roX RNA
RoX RNA is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) present in the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex and is required for sex dosage compensation in Drosophila.
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Ecdysone
Ecdysone is a steroidal prohormone of the major insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, which is secreted from the prothoracic glands.
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Elongation factor
Elongation factors are a set of proteins that are used in protein synthesis in the process of cell cycle and elongation in some cells.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae.
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Enhancer RNA
Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) represent a class of relatively short non-coding RNA molecules (50-2000 nucleotides) transcribed from the DNA sequence of enhancer regions.
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ENOD40
enod40, also known as early nodulin 40, is a gene found in flowering plants.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Epigenetics
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence.
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Estradiol
Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone.
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Estrogen
Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone.
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Eutheria
Eutheria (from Greek εὐ-, eu- "good" or "right" and θηρίον, thēríon "beast" hence "true beasts") is one of two mammalian clades with extant members that diverged in the Early Cretaceous or perhaps the Late Jurassic.
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Expert Review of Hematology
Expert Review of Hematology is a MEDLINE-indexed, peer-reviewed, international medical journal publishing review articles and original papers on all aspects of hematology.
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Extracellular RNA
Extracellular RNA (also known as exRNA or exosomal RNA) describes RNA species present outside of the cells from which they were transcribed.
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Finland
Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.
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Francis Crick
Francis Harry Compton Crick (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was a British molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 with James Watson, work which was based partly on fundamental studies done by Rosalind Franklin, Raymond Gosling and Maurice Wilkins.
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Friedrich Miescher
Johannes Friedrich Miescher (13 August 1844 – 26 August 1895) was a Swiss physician and biologist.
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GAS5
Growth arrest-specific 5 is a non-protein coding RNA that in humans is encoded by the GAS5 gene.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
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Germline
In biology and genetics, the germline in a multicellular organism is the population of its bodily cells that are so differentiated or segregated that in the usual processes of reproduction they may pass on their genetic material to the progeny.
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Gram
The gram (alternative spelling: gramme; SI unit symbol: g) (Latin gramma, from Greek γράμμα, grámma) is a metric system unit of mass.
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Group I catalytic intron
Group I introns are large self-splicing ribozymes.
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Group II intron
Group II introns are a large class of self-catalytic ribozymes and mobile genetic elements found within the genes of all three domains of life.
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Guanosine
Guanosine is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond.
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Histidine operon leader
The Histidine operon leader is an RNA element found in the bacterial histidine operon.
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Histone-modifying enzymes
The packaging of the eukaryotic genome into highly condensed chromatin makes it inaccessible to the factors required for gene transcription, DNA replication, recombination and repair.
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HOTAIR
HOTAIR (for HOX transcript antisense RNA) is a human gene located on chromosome 12.
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Human iron metabolism
Human iron metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that maintain human homeostasis of iron at the systemic and cellular level.
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Internal ribosome entry site
An internal ribosome entry site, abbreviated IRES, is an RNA element that allows for translation initiation in a cap-independent manner, as part of the greater process of protein synthesis.
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Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing during maturation of the final RNA product.
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Iron response element
In molecular biology, the iron response element or iron-responsive element (IRE) is a short conserved stem-loop which is bound by iron response proteins (IRPs, also named IRE-BP or IRBP).
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Iron-responsive element-binding protein
The iron-responsive element-binding proteins, also known as IRE-BP, IRBP, IRP and IFR, bind to iron-responsive elements (IREs) in the regulation of human iron metabolism.
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Kilogram
The kilogram or kilogramme (symbol: kg) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK, also known as "Le Grand K" or "Big K"), a cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy stored by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Saint-Cloud, France.
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Last universal common ancestor
The last universal common ancestor (LUCA), also called the last universal ancestor (LUA), cenancestor, or (incorrectlyThere is a common misconception that definitions of LUCA and progenote are the same; however, progenote is defined as an organism “still in the process of evolving the relationship between genotype and phenotype”, and it is only hypothesed that LUCA is a progenote.) progenote, is the most recent population of organisms from which all organisms now living on Earth have a common descent.
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Leucine operon leader
The Leucine operon leader is an RNA element found upstream of the first gene in the Leucine biosynthetic operon.
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List of RNAs
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) occurs in different forms within organisms.
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Long non-coding RNA
Long non-coding RNAs (long ncRNAs, lncRNA) are defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into protein.
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Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.
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Mechanism (biology)
In the science of biology, a mechanism is a system of causally interacting parts and processes that produce one or more effects.
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Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
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MicroRNA
A microRNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals and some viruses, that functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
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Mir-15 microRNA precursor family
The miR-15 microRNA precursor family is made up of small non-coding RNA genes that regulate gene expression.
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Mir-16 microRNA precursor family
The miR-16 microRNA precursor family is a group of related small non-coding RNA genes that regulates gene expression.
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Mir-17 microRNA precursor family
The miR-17 microRNA precursor family are a group of related small non-coding RNA genes called microRNAs that regulate gene expression.
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Mir-196 microRNA precursor family
miR-196 is a non-coding RNA called a microRNA that has been shown to be expressed in human and mouse. miR-196 appears to be a vertebrate specific microRNA and has now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide range of vertebrate species.
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MiR-206
MiR-206 is a microRNA that in humans is a member of the myomiR family which also includes miR-1, miR-133, miR-208a/b among few others.
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Mir-30 microRNA precursor
miR-30 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression.
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Mir-96 microRNA
miR-96 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.
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Non-small-cell lung carcinoma
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is any type of epithelial lung cancer other than small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).
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Nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or small biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life.
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Nucleic acid structure
Nucleic acid structure refers to the structure of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA.
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Nucleoprotein
Nucleoproteins are any proteins that are structurally associated with nucleic acids, either DNA or RNA.
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Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomer units for forming the nucleic acid polymers deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth.
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Origin recognition complex
In molecular biology, origin recognition complex (ORC) is a multi-subunit DNA binding complex (6 subunits) that binds in all eukaryotes in an ATP-dependent manner to origins of replication.
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OxyS RNA
OxyS RNA is a small non-coding RNA which is induced in response to oxidative stress in Escherichia coli.
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P53
Tumor protein p53, also known as p53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), phosphoprotein p53, tumor suppressor p53, antigen NY-CO-13, or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53), is any isoform of a protein encoded by homologous genes in various organisms, such as TP53 (humans) and Trp53 (mice).
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Pancreatic ribonuclease
Pancreatic ribonucleases (RNase, RNase I, RNase A, pancreatic RNase, ribonuclease I, endoribonuclease I, ribonucleic phosphatase, alkaline ribonuclease, ribonuclease, gene S glycoproteins, Ceratitis capitata alkaline ribonuclease, SLSG glycoproteins, gene S locus-specific glycoproteins, S-genotype-assocd. glycoproteins, ribonucleate 3'-pyrimidino-oligonucleotidohydrolase) are pyrimidine-specific endonucleases found in high quantity in the pancreas of certain mammals and of some reptiles.
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Peptide
Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.
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Piwi
Piwi (or PIWI) genes were identified as regulatory proteins responsible for stem cell and germ cell differentiation.
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Piwi-interacting RNA
Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) is the largest class of small non-coding RNA molecules expressed in animal cells.
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Prokaryote
A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.
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Promoter (genetics)
In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protein biosynthesis
Protein synthesis is the process whereby biological cells generate new proteins; it is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins via degradation or export.
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Pseudoknot
A pseudoknot is a nucleic acid secondary structure containing at least two stem-loop structures in which half of one stem is intercalated between the two halves of another stem.
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Retrotransposon
Retrotransposons (also called transposons via RNA intermediates) are genetic elements that can amplify themselves in a genome and are ubiquitous components of the DNA of many eukaryotic organisms.
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Reverse transcriptase
A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription.
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Rfam
Rfam is a database containing information about non-coding RNA (ncRNA) families and other structured RNA elements.
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Ribonuclease P
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a type of ribonuclease which cleaves RNA.
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Ribosomal RNA
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is the RNA component of the ribosome, and is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms.
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Ribosome
The ribosome is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).
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Riboswitch
In molecular biology, a riboswitch is a regulatory segment of a messenger RNA molecule that binds a small molecule, resulting in a change in production of the proteins encoded by the mRNA.
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Ribozyme
Ribozymes (ribonucleic acid enzymes) are RNA molecules that are capable of catalyzing specific biochemical reactions, similar to the action of protein enzymes.
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RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
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RNA polymerase II
RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex.
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RNA polymerase III
In eukaryote cells, RNA polymerase III (also called Pol III) transcribes DNA to synthesize ribosomal 5S rRNA, tRNA and other small RNAs.
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RNA splicing
In molecular biology, splicing is the editing of the nascent precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA).
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RNA world
The RNA world is a hypothetical stage in the evolutionary history of life on Earth, in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated before the evolution of DNA and proteins.
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RNAIII
RNAIII is a small RNA which is known to regulate the expression of many Staphylococcus aureus genes encoding exoproteins and cell wall associated proteins.
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RNAs present in environmental samples
A wide variety of non-coding RNAs have been identified in various species of organisms known to science.
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RNase MRP
RNase MRP (also called RMRP) is an enzymatically active ribonucleoprotein with two distinct roles in eukaryotes.
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Robert W. Holley
Robert William Holley (January 28, 1922 – February 11, 1993) was an American biochemist.
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Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Schizosaccharomyces pombe, also called "fission yeast", is a species of yeast used in traditional brewing and as a model organism in molecular and cell biology.
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SgrS RNA
SgrS (sugar transport-related sRNA, previously named ryaA) is a 227 nucleotide small RNA that is activated by SgrR in Escherichia coli during glucose-phosphate stress.
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Sigma factor
A sigma factor (σ factor) is a protein needed only for initiation of transcription.
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Signal recognition particle
The signal recognition particle (SRP) is an abundant, cytosolic, universally conserved ribonucleoprotein (protein-RNA complex) that recognizes and targets specific proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane in prokaryotes.
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Single-nucleotide polymorphism
A single-nucleotide polymorphism, often abbreviated to SNP (plural), is a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome, where each variation is present to some appreciable degree within a population (e.g. > 1%).
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Small Cajal body-specific RNA
Small Cajal body-specific RNAs (scaRNAs) are a class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) that specifically localise to the Cajal body, a nuclear organelle (cellular sub-organelle) involved in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs or snurps).
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Small interfering RNA
Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded RNA molecules, 20-25 base pairs in length, similar to miRNA, and operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway.
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Small molecule
Within the fields of molecular biology and pharmacology, a small molecule is a low molecular weight (< 900 daltons) organic compound that may regulate a biological process, with a size on the order of 1 nm.
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Small nuclear RNA
Small nuclear ribonucleic acid (snRNA), also commonly referred to as U-RNA, is a class of small RNA molecules that are found within the splicing speckles and Cajal bodies of the cell nucleus in eukaryotic cells.
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Small nucleolar RNA
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs.
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Small nucleolar RNA SNORD115
SNORD115 (also known as HBII-52) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule known as a small nucleolar RNA which usually functions in guiding the modification of other non-coding RNAs.
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Small nucleolar RNA SNORD116
SNORD116 (also known as HBII-85) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
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Small nucleolar RNA SNORD50
snoRNA U50 (also known as SNORD50) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
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SmY RNA
SmY ribonucleic acids (SmY RNAs) are a family of small nuclear RNAs found in some species of nematode worms.
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SnRNP
snRNPs (pronounced "snurps"), or small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, are RNA-protein complexes that combine with unmodified pre-mRNA and various other proteins to form a spliceosome, a large RNA-protein molecular complex upon which splicing of pre-mRNA occurs.
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Somatic cell
A somatic cell (from the Greek σῶμα sôma, meaning "body") or vegetal cell is any biological cell forming the body of an organism; that is, in a multicellular organism, any cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell.
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Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis.
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Spliceosome
A spliceosome is a large and complex molecular machine found primarily within the splicing speckles of the cell nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
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SR1 RNA
In molecular biology, the SR1 RNA is a small RNA (sRNA) produced by species of Bacillus and closely related bacteria.
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Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment
Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), also referred to as in vitro selection or in vitro evolution, is a combinatorial chemistry technique in molecular biology for producing oligonucleotides of either single-stranded DNA or RNA that specifically bind to a target ligand or ligands.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), also known simply as lupus, is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body.
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Telomerase
Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres.
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Telomerase RNA component
| Name.
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Telomere
A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes.
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Testicle
The testicle or testis is the male reproductive gland in all animals, including humans.
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Three prime untranslated region
In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region (3'-UTR) is the section of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon.
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Threonine operon leader
The threonine operon leader is an RNA element.
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Trans-acting
In the field of molecular biology, trans-acting (trans-regulatory, trans-regulation), in general, means "acting from a different molecule" (i.e., intermolecular).
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Trans-splicing
Trans-splicing is a special form of RNA processing in eukaryotes where exons from two different primary RNA transcripts are joined end to end and ligated.
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Transcriptomics technologies
Transcriptomics technologies are the techniques used to study an organism’s transcriptome, the sum of all of its RNA transcripts.
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Transfer RNA
A transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length, that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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Transfer-messenger RNA
Transfer-messenger RNA (abbreviated tmRNA, also known as 10Sa RNA and by its genetic name SsrA) is a bacterial RNA molecule with dual tRNA-like and messenger RNA-like properties.
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Transition (genetics)
In genetics, a transition is a point mutation that changes a purine nucleotide to another purine (A ↔ G) or a pyrimidine nucleotide to another pyrimidine (C ↔ T).
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Translation (biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus.
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TRIM21
Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 also known as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM21 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM21 gene.
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Tryptophan operon leader
The Tryptophan operon leader is an RNA element found at the 5' of some bacterial tryptophan operons.
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U1 spliceosomal RNA
U1 spliceosomal RNA is the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) component of U1 snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein), an RNA-protein complex that combines with other snRNPs, unmodified pre-mRNA, and various other proteins to assemble a spliceosome, a large RNA-protein molecular complex upon which splicing of pre-mRNA occurs.
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U11 spliceosomal RNA
The U11 snRNA (small nuclear ribonucleic acid) is an important non-coding RNA in the minor spliceosome protein complex, which activates the alternative splicing mechanism.
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U12 minor spliceosomal RNA
U12 minor spliceosomal RNA is formed from U12 small nuclear (snRNA), together with U4atac/U6atac, U5, and U11 snRNAs and associated proteins, forms a spliceosome that cleaves a divergent class of low-abundance pre-mRNA introns.
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U2 spliceosomal RNA
U2 spliceosomal snRNAs are a species of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecules found in the major spliceosomal (Sm) machinery of virtually all-eukaryotic organisms.
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U4 spliceosomal RNA
The U4 small nuclear Ribo-Nucleic Acid (U4 snRNA) is a non-coding RNA component of the major or U2-dependent spliceosome – a eukaryotic molecular machine involved in the splicing of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA).
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U4atac minor spliceosomal RNA
U4atac minor spliceosomal RNA is a ncRNA which is an essential component of the minor U12-type spliceosome complex.
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U5 spliceosomal RNA
U5 RNA is a non-coding RNA that is a component of both types of known spliceosome.
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U6 spliceosomal RNA
U6 snRNA is the non-coding small nuclear RNA (snRNA) component of U6 snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein), an RNA-protein complex that combines with other snRNPs, unmodified pre-mRNA, and various other proteins to assemble a spliceosome, a large RNA-protein molecular complex that catalyzes the excision of introns from pre-mRNA.
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U6atac minor spliceosomal RNA
U6atac minor spliceosomal RNA is a non-coding RNA which is an essential component of the minor U12-type spliceosome complex.
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Untranslated region
In molecular genetics, an untranslated region (or UTR) refers to either of two sections, one on each side of a coding sequence on a strand of mRNA.
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Uridine
Uridine is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, a ribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond.
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X chromosome
The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes (allosomes) in many organisms, including mammals (the other is the Y chromosome), and is found in both males and females.
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X-inactivation
X-inactivation (also called lyonization) is a process by which one of the copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated.
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X-ray crystallography
X-ray crystallography is a technique used for determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline atoms cause a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions.
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XIST
Xist (X-inactive specific transcript) is an RNA gene on the X chromosome of the placental mammals that acts as a major effector of the X inactivation process.
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XY sex-determination system
The XY sex-determination system is the sex-determination system found in humans, most other mammals, some insects (Drosophila), some snakes, and some plants (Ginkgo).
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Y RNA
Y RNAs are small non-coding RNAs.
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Zygosity
Zygosity is the degree of similarity of the alleles for a trait in an organism.
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5-HT2C receptor
The 5-HT2C receptor is a subtype of 5-HT receptor that binds the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT).
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5S ribosomal RNA
The 5S ribosomal RNA (5S rRNA) is an approximately 120 nucleotide-long ribosomal RNA molecule with a mass of 40 kDa.
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6S / SsrS RNA
In molecular biology the 6S RNA is a noncoding RNA that was one of the first to be identified and sequenced.
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7SK RNA
In molecular biology 7SK is an abundant small nuclear RNA found in metazoans.
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Redirects here:
Functional RNA, NcRNA, Non coding gene, Non coding rna, Non-Coding RNA, Non-coding RNAs, Non-coding ribonucleic acid, Noncoding RNA, RNA gene, RRNA (ribosomal RNA), Rna, small nuclear, Rna, small nucleolar, Rna, untranslated, Untranslated sequence.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-coding_RNA
