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210 relations: Abdul Sattar, Abdul Sattar (diplomat), Adjutant, Admiral Ahsan Mission, Afghanistan, Afghans in India, Aga Khan University, Agha Shahi, Aide-de-camp, American nationalism, Arab–Pakistan relations, Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, Ardeshir Zahedi, Aristocracy, Armoured fighting vehicle, Armoured warfare, Aseff Ahmad Ali, Ashraf Ghorbal, École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr, Bangladesh Awami League, Bangladesh Liberation War, Benazir Bhutto, Bengali language, Board of directors, Border Guards Bangladesh, Brigadier, British Indian Army, British Raj, British subject, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Chief minister, Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan), Chief of Army Staff (Bangladesh), Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan), Chief of General Staff (Pakistan), Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan), Chief of staff, China, Circa, Colonel, Command and Staff College, Commandant, Conscientious objector, Contingency theory, Contras, Culture of Bangladesh, Death and state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Dehradun, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, ..., Dhaka, Director general, East Pakistan, Eduard Shevardnadze, Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, English language, Erwin Rommel, Farooq Leghari, Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, Field marshal, First Sharif ministry, Foreign relations of Pakistan, Foreign Service of Pakistan, France, French language, General Headquarters (Pakistan Army), Geneva Accords (1988), German language, Ghalib, Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Gohar Ayub Khan, Government, Governor General's Bodyguard, Governor-General of Pakistan, Gul Hassan Khan, Gulf War, History of Pakistan, I. K. Gujral, India, Indian Army, Indian Army Armoured Corps, Indian Military Academy, Indian peers and baronets, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Inter-Services Intelligence, International Monetary Fund, Iran–Iraq War, Iran–Pakistan relations, Iraq, Islam in the United States, Islamabad, Italian language, Kolkata, League of Nations, Lieutenant (navy), Lieutenant colonel, Lieutenant general, Linguistics, List of ambassadors from Egypt, List of ambassadors of Iran to the United States, List of ambassadors of Pakistan to the United States, List of current Pakistani governors, List of diplomatic missions of Pakistan, List of heads of state of Afghanistan, List of Indian monarchs, Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Major, Major general, Military advisor, Military discharge, Military Intelligence (Pakistan), Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan), Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi, Mohammed Zahir Shah, Moscow, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muhammad Khan Junejo, Muhammad Musa, Muhammad Zakaullah, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Mujahideen, Muzaffaruddin, Nawaz Sharif, New York City, Nicaragua, Nishan-e-Pakistan, Non-Nuclear Aggression Agreement, North African Campaign, Nuclear umbrella, Nurul Amin, Officer (armed forces), Operation Brasstacks, Operation Cyclone, Operation Searchlight, Pacifism, Pakistan, Pakistan and the Iran–Iraq War, Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction, Pakistan Armed Forces Eastern Command, Pakistan Army, Pakistan Army Armoured Corps, Pakistan Movement, Pakistan Peoples Party, Pakistan–Soviet Union relations, Pakistan–United States relations, Pakistani general election, 1985, Pakistani general election, 1988, Pakistani general election, 1990, Pakistani nationality law, Panzer, Paris, Partition of India, Pashtuns, Pervez Musharraf, Policy of deliberate ambiguity, Politician, Presidencies and provinces of British India, President of Pakistan, Prime Minister of India, Prime Minister of Pakistan, Prisoner of war, Punjab, Pakistan, Quetta, Raheel Sharif, Rajiv Gandhi, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, Rashad Mahmood, Rashtriya Indian Military College, Rawalpindi, Russian language, Sahib, Saudi Arabia, Second strike, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Service number, Siege of Tobruk, Signals intelligence, Sohail Aman, Soviet Union, Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, Soviet–Afghan War, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara, Staff (military), Syed Mohammad Ahsan, Three-star rank, Tikka Khan, United Kingdom, United Nations, United States, United States Army, Urdu, Uttar Pradesh, V. P. Singh, Vice admiral, Washington, D.C., Western Sahara, Western world, Westridge, Rawalpindi, World War II, Yahya Khan, Yusufzai, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, 18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, 1970 Bhola cyclone, 1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, 1982 in Afghanistan, 1999 Pakistani coup d'état, 2002 in France. Expand index (160 more) »
Abdul Sattar
Abdul Sattar (عبدُالستّار.) is a male Muslim given name, built on the Arabic words Abd, al- and Sattar.
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Abdul Sattar (diplomat)
Abdul Sattar (born 1931) (عبد الستار), is a Pakistani political scientist, retired career foreign service officer, diplomat, author of foreign policy, and nuclear strategist.
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Adjutant
Adjutant is a military appointment given to an officer who assists the commanding officer with unit administration.
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Admiral Ahsan Mission
Ahsan's Formula (or an Admiral Ahsan Mission) was a fact-finding expedition and peace initiative mission dispatched by the Pakistani government to East Pakistan in early 1971.
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Afghanistan
Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.
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Afghans in India
Afghan refugees in India are a community numbering up to 10,000.
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Aga Khan University
The Aga Khan University (abbreviated AKU) (آغا خان یونیورسٹی, آغا خان يونيورسٽي) is an independent research university with its primary campus in Karachi, Pakistan, with additional campuses and training programmes in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, United Kingdom and Afghanistan.
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Agha Shahi
Agha Shahi (آغا شا ﮨی; 25 August 1920 – 6 September 2006), ''NI'', was a Pakistani career Foreign service officer who was the leading civilian figure in the military government of former President General Zia-ul-Haq from 1977 to 1982.
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Aide-de-camp
An aide-de-camp (French expression meaning literally helper in the military camp) is a personal assistant or secretary to a person of high rank, usually a senior military, police or government officer, a member of a royal family, or a head of state.
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American nationalism
American nationalism or United States nationalism is a form of civic nationalism found in the United States.
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Arab–Pakistan relations
Pakistan–Arab relations refer to foreign relations between Pakistan and the various states of the Arab world which constitute the Arab League.
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Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell
Field Marshal Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, (5 May 1883 – 24 May 1950) was a senior officer of the British Army.
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Ardeshir Zahedi
Ardeshir Zahedi, GCVO (اردشیر زاهدی; born 16 October 1928) is a former Iranian diplomat who served as the country's foreign minister (1966-1971) and its ambassador to the United States and the United Kingdom during the 1960s and 1970s.
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Aristocracy
Aristocracy (Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, from ἄριστος aristos "excellent", and κράτος kratos "power") is a form of government that places strength in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class.
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Armoured fighting vehicle
An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is an armed combat vehicle protected by armour, generally combining operational mobility with offensive and defensive capabilities.
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Armoured warfare
Armoured warfare, mechanised warfare or tank warfare is the use of armoured fighting vehicles in modern warfare.
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Aseff Ahmad Ali
Sardar Asif Ahmad Ali Daula (born 21 October 1940) is a Pakistani politician who served as the 18th Foreign Minister of Pakistan from 1993 to 1996.
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Ashraf Ghorbal
Ashraf Ghorbal (Alexandria, Egypt May 1925 – 29 November 2005) was an Egyptian diplomat.
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École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr
The École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM, literally the "Special Military School of Saint-Cyr") is the foremost French military academy.
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Bangladesh Awami League
The Bangladesh Awami League (BAL) (বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ; translated from Urdu: Bangladesh People's League), often simply called the Awami League or AL, is one of the two major political parties of Bangladesh.
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Bangladesh Liberation War
The Bangladesh Liberation War (মুক্তিযুদ্ধ), also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence, or simply the Liberation War in Bangladesh, was a revolution and armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in what was then East Pakistan during the 1971 Bangladesh genocide.
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Benazir Bhutto
Benazir Bhutto (بينظير ڀُٽو; 21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was a Pakistani politician who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996.
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Bengali language
Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla (বাংলা), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in South Asia.
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Board of directors
A board of directors is a recognized group of people who jointly oversee the activities of an organization, which can be either a for-profit business, nonprofit organization, or a government agency.
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Border Guards Bangladesh
The Border Guards Bangladesh (Bengali transliteration: বর্ডার গার্ড বাংলাদেশ; translated from English: বাংলাদেশ সীমান্ত রক্ষক; BGB), formerly known as the Bangladesh Rifles, is the oldest uniformed force in Bangladesh.
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Brigadier
Brigadier is a military rank, the seniority of which depends on the country.
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British Indian Army
The Indian Army (IA), often known since 1947 (but rarely during its existence) as the British Indian Army to distinguish it from the current Indian Army, was the principal military of the British Indian Empire before its decommissioning in 1947.
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British Raj
The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.
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British subject
The term British subject has had a number of different legal meanings over time.
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Carnegie Corporation of New York
Carnegie Corporation of New York was established by Andrew Carnegie during 1911 "to promote the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding".
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Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) is, in principle, the highest-ranking and senior most military officer, typically at four-star rank, in the Pakistan Armed Forces who serves as a principal military adviser to the civilian government led by elected Prime minister of Pakistan and his/her National Security Council.
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Chief minister
A chief minister is the elected head of government of a sub-national entity, for instance a administrative subdivision or federal constituent entity.
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Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)
The Chief of Air Staff (سربراہ پاک فضائيہ) (reporting name: CAS), is a military appointment and a statutory office held by the four-star rank air force general in the Pakistan Air Force, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and final confirmation by the President of Pakistan.
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Chief of Army Staff (Bangladesh)
Chief of Army Staff (abbreviated as CAS) of Bangladesh Army also known as 'army chief' is the highest ranking officer of the Bangladesh Army.
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Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)
The Chief of Army Staff (سربراہ پاک فوج) (reporting name: COAS), is a military appointment and statutory office held by the four-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and final confirmation by the President of Pakistan.
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Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)
Chief of General Staff, shortly abbreviated as CGS, is the most coveted position within the Pakistan Army.
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Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)
The Chief of the Naval Staff ((سربراہ پاک بحریہ (reporting name as CNS), is a military appointment and a Statutory office held by the four-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy, who is nominated and appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and confirmed by the President of Pakistan. The Chief of Naval Staff is one of the senior-most appointments in the Pakistan military who is one of the senior members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity, providing senior consultation to the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee to act as a principle military advisor to the Prime Minister of Pakistan and its civilian government in the line of defending and safeguarding the expedition, maritime and sealine borders of the nation. The Chief of Naval Staff exercise its responsibility of command and control of the operational, combatant, logistics, administration, and training commands within the Pakistan Navy, in a clear contrast to the U.S. Navy's Chief of Naval Operations (CNO). Due to its responsibility and importance, the Chief of Naval Staff plays a critical role in assessing the coastal defence and conducting reconnaissance to insure its strike capability against aggressive forces. In Principle, the appointment is constitutionally subjected for three years but extensions may be granted by the President upon recommendations and approvals from the Prime Minister. The Chief of Naval Staff is based on the Navy NHQ, and the current Chief of Naval Staff is Admiral Admiral Z.M. Abbasi serving as chief of naval staff, who took over the command as chief of naval staff on 6 October 2017.
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Chief of staff
The title chief of staff (or head of staff) identifies the leader of a complex organization, institution, or body of persons and it also may identify a principal staff officer (PSO), who is the coordinator of the supporting staff or a primary aide-de-camp to an important individual, such as a president or a senior military officer.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Circa
Circa, usually abbreviated c., ca. or ca (also circ. or cca.), means "approximately" in several European languages (and as a loanword in English), usually in reference to a date.
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Colonel
Colonel ("kernel", abbreviated Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank below the brigadier and general officer ranks.
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Command and Staff College
The Command and Staff College is a Pakistani military training institution where officers receive staff training and education.
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Commandant
Commandant is a title often given to the officer in charge of a military (or other uniformed service) training establishment or academy.
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Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion.
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Contingency theory
A contingency theory is an organizational theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions.
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Contras
The Contras were the various U.S.-backed and funded right-wing rebel groups that were active from 1979 to the early 1990s in opposition to the socialist Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction government in Nicaragua.
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Culture of Bangladesh
The Culture of Bangladesh refers to the way of life of the people of Bangladesh.
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Death and state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
The state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was held on 19 August 1988 in Shah Faisal Mosque in Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Dehradun
Dehradun or Dehra Dun is the interim capital city of Uttarakhand, a state in the northern part of India.
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Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA; جمهوری دمکراتی افغانستان,; دافغانستان دمکراتی جمهوریت), renamed in 1987 to the Republic of Afghanistan (جمهوری افغانستان;; د افغانستان جمهوریت), commonly known as Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Afġānistān), existed from 1978 to 1992 and covers the period when the socialist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) ruled Afghanistan.
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Dhaka
Dhaka (or; ঢাকা); formerly known as Dacca is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh.
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Director general
A director general or director-general (plural: directors generals, sometimes director generals) or general director is a senior executive officer, often the chief executive officer, within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution.
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East Pakistan
East Pakistan was the eastern provincial wing of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, covering the territory of the modern country Bangladesh.
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Eduard Shevardnadze
Eduard Ambrosiyevich Shevardnadze (ედუარდ ამბროსის ძე შევარდნაძე, Eduard Ambrosis dze Šewardnadze; 25 January 1928 – 7 July 2014) was a Georgian politician and diplomat.
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Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan
The Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (Urdu: آئین پاکستان میں آٹھویں ترمیم) allowed the President to unilaterally dissolve the National Assembly and elected governments.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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Erwin Rommel
Erwin Rommel (15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944) was a German general and military theorist.
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Farooq Leghari
Farooq Ahmad Khan Leghari (English IPA: fɑrukʰ æɦmæd ləɡhərɪ̈) (Balochi, Saraiki, سردار فاروق احمد خان لغاری; 29 May 1940 – 20 October 2010), was a Pakistani politician who served as the 8th President of Pakistan from 14 November 1993 until resigning on 2 December 1997.
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Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry
Fazal Elahi Chaudhry English IPA: fəzɛl ɪllɑɦi t͡ʃɒɪdɾɪ (Punjabi, فضل الہی چودہری; 1 January 1904 – 2 June 1982), was the 5th President of Pakistan, serving from 1973 until 1978, prior to the martial law led by Chief of Army Staff General Zia-ul-Haq.
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Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is a very senior military rank, ordinarily senior to the general officer ranks.
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First Sharif ministry
The first Sharif ministry under prime minister Nawaz Sharif was sworn into office on 9 November 1990, after the nine-party Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) unanimously nominated him the government head.
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Foreign relations of Pakistan
Pakistan is the second largest Muslim-majority country in terms of population (after Indonesia) and its status as a declared nuclear power, being the only Muslim majority nation to have that status, plays a part in its international role.
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Foreign Service of Pakistan
Foreign Service of Pakistan was formally created in October 1952, after having been an improvised organization since the creation and independence of Pakistan in 1947.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)
General Headquarters (GHQ) is the headquarters of Pakistan Army located at Rawalpindi.
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Geneva Accords (1988)
The Geneva Accords, known formally as the agreements on the settlement of the situation relating to Afghanistan, were signed on 14 April 1988 at the Geneva headquarters of the United Nations, between Afghanistan and Pakistan, with the United States and the Soviet Union serving as guarantors.
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German language
German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.
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Ghalib
Ghalib (غاؔلِب, ग़ालिब.), born Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan (Urdu:, मिर्ज़ा असदुल्लाह् बेग खiन), 26 June 1797 – 15 February 1869), was a prominent Urdu and Persian-language poet during the last years of the Mughal Empire. He used his pen-names of Ghalib (Urdu:, ġhālib means "dominant") and Asad (Urdu:, Asad means "lion"). His honorific was Dabir-ul-Mulk, Najm-ud-Daula. During his lifetime the Mughals were eclipsed and displaced by the British and finally deposed following the defeat of the Indian rebellion of 1857, events that he described. Most notably, he wrote several ghazals during his life, which have since been interpreted and sung in many different ways by different people. Ghalib, the last great poet of the Mughal Era, is considered to be one of the most famous and influential poets of the Urdu language. Today Ghalib remains popular not only in India and Pakistan but also among the Hindustani diaspora around the world.
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Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Ghulam Ishaq Khan (غلام اسحاق خان.; January 20, 1915 – 27 October 2006), was a Pakistani bureaucrat who served as the 7th President of Pakistan, elected in 1988 until his resignation in 1993.
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Gohar Ayub Khan
Gohar Ayub Khan (گوہر ایوب خان; born 15 January 1937), is a Pakistani politician, business oligarch, retired army officer, and conservative figure of the Pakistan Muslim League, who held ministerial positions during the administration of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.
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Government
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state.
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Governor General's Bodyguard
The Governor General's Bodyguard was a cavalry regiment of the British Indian Army.
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Governor-General of Pakistan
The Governor-General of Pakistan (گورنر جنرل پاکستان), was the representative in Pakistan of the British monarch, from the country's independence in 1947.
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Gul Hassan Khan
Gul Hassan Khan (گل حسن خان) (1921; b. 1921—10 October 1999), was a former lieutenant-general and the last Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan Army, serving under President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto from 20 December 1971 until 3 March 1972.
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Gulf War
The Gulf War (2 August 199028 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Shield (2 August 199017 January 1991) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm (17 January 199128 February 1991) in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.
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History of Pakistan
The history of Pakistan encompasses the history of the region constituting modern-day Pakistan.
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I. K. Gujral
Inder Kumar Gujral (4 December 1919 – 30 November 2012) was an Indian politician who served as the 11th Prime Minister of India from April 1997 to March 1998.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Indian Army
The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces.
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Indian Army Armoured Corps
The Indian Army Armoured Corps is one of the combat arms of the Indian Army.
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Indian Military Academy
The Indian Military Academy, Dehradun (also known as IMA) is the officer training Academy of the Indian Army.
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Indian peers and baronets
Following the final collapse of the Mughal Empire in 1857 and the proclamation of the British Indian Empire, the British continued to maintain and recognise many of the old Mughal and Hindu styles and titles, introducing a compound honours system which awarded those titles along with British noble and aristocratic titles and knighthoods.
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Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India. The conflict began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II. Hostilities between the two countries ended after a United Nations-mandated ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and the United States, and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in Kashmir and along the border between India and Pakistan. This war saw the largest amassing of troops in Kashmir since the Partition of British India in 1947, a number that was overshadowed only during the 2001–2002 military standoff between India and Pakistan. Most of the battles were fought by opposing infantry and armoured units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations. Many details of this war, like those of other Indo-Pakistani Wars, remain unclear. India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared. "Satisfied that it had secured a strategic and psychological victory over Pakistan by frustrating its attempt to seize Kashmir by force, when the UN resolution was passed, India accepted its terms... with Pakistan's stocks of ammunition and other essential supplies all but exhausted, and with the military balance tipping steadily in India's favour." "Losses were relatively heavy—on the Pakistani side, twenty aircraft, 200 tanks, and 3,800 troops. Pakistan's army had been able to withstand Indian pressure, but a continuation of the fighting would only have led to further losses and ultimate defeat for Pakistan." Quote: The invading Indian forces outfought their Pakistani counterparts and halted their attack on the outskirts of Lahore, Pakistan's second-largest city. By the time the United Nations intervened on 22 September, Pakistan had suffered a clear defeat. Although the two countries fought to a standoff, the conflict is seen as a strategic and political defeat for Pakistan, "... the war itself was a disaster for Pakistan, from the first failed attempts by Pakistani troops to precipitate an insurgency in Kashmir to the appearance of Indian artillery within range of Lahore International Airport." – U.S. Department of State, – Interview with Steve Coll in United States House of Representatives 12 September 1994South Asia in World Politics By Devin T. Hagerty, 2005 Rowman & Littlefield,, p. 26 as it had neither succeeded in fomenting insurrection in Kashmir "... after some initial success, the momentum behind Pakistan's thrust into Kashmir slowed, and the state's inhabitants rejected exhortations from the Pakistani insurgents to join them in taking up arms against their Indian "oppressors." Pakistan's inability to muster support from the local Kashmiri population proved a disaster, both militarily and politically." nor had it been able to gain meaningful support at an international level. "Mao had decided that China would intervene under two conditions—that India attacked East Pakistan, and that Pakistan requested Chinese intervention. In the end, neither of them obtained." Internationally, the war was viewed in the context of the greater Cold War, and resulted in a significant geopolitical shift in the subcontinent. Before the war, the United States and the United Kingdom had been major material allies of both India and Pakistan, as their primary suppliers of military hardware and foreign developmental aid. During and after the conflict, both India and Pakistan felt betrayed by the perceived lack of support by the western powers for their respective positions; those feelings of betrayal were increased with the imposition of an American and British embargo on military aid to the opposing sides. As a consequence, India and Pakistan openly developed closer relationships with the Soviet Union and China, respectively. The perceived negative stance of the western powers during the conflict, and during the 1971 war, has continued to affect relations between the West and the subcontinent. In spite of improved relations with the U.S. and Britain since the end of the Cold War, the conflict generated a deep distrust of both countries within the subcontinent which to an extent lingers to this day."In retrospect, it is clear that the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 represented a watershed in the West's association with the subcontinent.""By extending the Cold War into South Asia, however, the United States did succeed in disturbing the subcontinent's established politico-military equilibrium, undermining British influence in the region, embittering relations between India and Pakistan and, ironically, facilitating the expansion of communist influence in the developing world." "The legacy of the Johnson arms cut-off remains alive today. Indians simply do not believe that America will be there when India needs military help... the legacy of the U.S. "betrayal" still haunts U.S.-Pakistan relations today.".
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Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the liberation war in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 to the fall of Dacca (Dhaka) on 16 December 1971.
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Inter-Services Intelligence
The Inter-Services Intelligence (بین الخدماتی مخابرات, abbreviated as ISI) is the premier intelligence agency of Pakistan, operationally responsible for gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world.
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International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.
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Iran–Iraq War
The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq, beginning on 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, and ending on 20 August 1988, when Iran accepted the UN-brokered ceasefire.
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Iran–Pakistan relations
After Pakistan gained its independence in August 1947, Iran was the first country to recognize its sovereign status.
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Iraq
Iraq (or; العراق; عێراق), officially known as the Republic of Iraq (جُمُهورية العِراق; کۆماری عێراق), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west.
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Islam in the United States
Islam is the third largest religion in the United States after Christianity and Judaism.
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Islamabad
Islamabad (اسلام آباد) is the capital city of Pakistan located within the federal Islamabad Capital Territory.
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Italian language
Italian (or lingua italiana) is a Romance language.
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Kolkata
Kolkata (also known as Calcutta, the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.
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League of Nations
The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English, La Société des Nations abbreviated as SDN or SdN in French) was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.
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Lieutenant (navy)
LieutenantThe pronunciation of lieutenant is generally split between,, generally in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Commonwealth countries, and,, generally associated with the United States.
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Lieutenant colonel
Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel.
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Lieutenant general
Lieutenant general, lieutenant-general and similar (abbrev Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries.
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Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context.
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List of ambassadors from Egypt
This is a list of ambassadors from Egypt to other countries.
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List of ambassadors of Iran to the United States
This is a list of Iranian Ambassadors to the United States.
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List of ambassadors of Pakistan to the United States
Pakistan Ambassador to the United States is in charge of the Pakistan Embassy, Washington, D.C., Pakistan's diplomatic mission to the United States.
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List of current Pakistani governors
A Governor in Pakistan is the appointed Head of State of a province.
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List of diplomatic missions of Pakistan
This is a list of diplomatic missions of Pakistan, excluding honorary consulates.
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List of heads of state of Afghanistan
This article lists the heads of state of Afghanistan since the foundation of the first Afghan state, the Hotak Empire, in 1709.
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List of Indian monarchs
The following list of Indian monarchs is one of several lists of incumbents.
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Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, (born Prince Louis of Battenberg; 25 June 1900 – 27 August 1979) was a British Royal Navy officer and statesman, an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and second cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II.
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Major
Major is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world.
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Major general
Major general (abbreviated MG, Maj. Gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries.
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Military advisor
Military advisors, or combat advisors, are soldiers sent to foreign nations to aid that nation with its military training, organization, and other various military tasks.
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Military discharge
A military discharge is given when a member of the armed forces is released from his or her obligation to serve.
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Military Intelligence (Pakistan)
The Directorate for Military Intelligence, known as "Military Intelligence" (MI), is the intelligence arm of the Pakistan Army.
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Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)
The following is the list of all the previous foreign ministers of Pakistan to date.
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (وزارت خارجہ, Wazarat-e-Kharja, abbreviated as MoFA) is a ministry of the Government of Pakistan tasked in managing Pakistan's diplomatic and consular relations as well as its foreign policy.
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Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi
Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi (Urdu: معین الدین احمد قریشی‎; 26 June 1930 – 22 November 2016) (known as Moeen Qureshi) was a Pakistani economist and civil servant who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan in an acting capacity from July to October 1993.
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Mohammed Zahir Shah
Mohammed Zahir Shah (محمد ظاهرشاه, محمد ظاهر شاه; 16 October 1914 – 23 July 2007) was the last King of Afghanistan, reigning from 8 November 1933 until he was deposed on 17 July 1973.
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Moscow
Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (محمد علی جناح ALA-LC:, born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.
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Muhammad Khan Junejo
Mohammad Khan Junejo (Urdu:; Sindhi: محمد خان جوڻيجو; August 18, 1932 – March 18, 1993) was a Pakistani politician and an agriculturist who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan, having elected in this capacity in 1985 until being dismissed in 1988.
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Muhammad Musa
General Muhammad Musa Khan Hazara (جنرل محمد موسی خان ہزارہ, جنرال محمد موسی خان هزاره) (1908 – 12 March 1991),, was a four-star rank army general, politician, and the Commander in Chief of Pakistan Army, serving under President Ayub Khan from 1958 until 1966.
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Muhammad Zakaullah
Admiral Mohammad Zakaullah (Urdu: (Urdu: محمد ذكاءالله; b. 10 January 1958),, is a retired four-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy, who was the 15th Chief of Naval Staff of the Pakistan Navy. He was later replaced by Admiral Zafar Mahmood abbasi. He is noted for his sportsmanship, having represented Pakistan at the Olympics for a sailing class category, for which he is a recipient of a national honor. As naval chief, Admiral Zakaullah is noted for revolutionizing the role of the navy, emphasizing the role of the navy in economic corridor with China and took initiatives to strengthened ties with the Turkish Navy. He also played an active role in establishing the very low frequency facility to provide communications with the submarines as well as ensuring the second-strike capability by commissioning the cruise missile system in the strategic command of the Navy.
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Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (12 August 1924 – 17 August 1988) was a Pakistani four-star general who served as the 6th President of Pakistan from 1978 until his death in 1988, after declaring martial law in 1977.
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Mujahideen
Mujahideen (مجاهدين) is the plural form of mujahid (مجاهد), the term for one engaged in Jihad (literally, "holy war").
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Muzaffaruddin
Muzaffaruddin was a Pakistan Army officer and former governor general of East Pakistan.
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Nawaz Sharif
Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu/میاں محمد نواز شریف, born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani business magnate and former politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan for three non-consecutive terms, all of the three terms were unsuccessful.
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New York City
The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.
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Nicaragua
Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
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Nishan-e-Pakistan
The Nishan-e-Pakistan (نشان پاکستان, English: Order of Pakistan) is the highest of civil awards and decorations given by the Government of Pakistan for the highest degree of service to the country and nation of Pakistan.
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Non-Nuclear Aggression Agreement
The Non-nuclear aggression agreement is a bilateral and nuclear weapons control treaty between the two South Asian states, India and Pakistan, on the reduction (or limitation) of nuclear arms and pledged not to attack or assist foreign powers to attack on each's nuclear installations and facilities.
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North African Campaign
The North African Campaign of the Second World War took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943.
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Nuclear umbrella
Nuclear umbrella refers to a guarantee by a nuclear weapons state to defend a non-nuclear allied state.
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Nurul Amin
Nurul Amin (English IPA:nʊɾul əmin, নূরুল আমীন, نورالامین; 1893–1974), referred to as the Patriot of Pakistan, was a prominent Pakistani leader, and a jurist.
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Officer (armed forces)
An officer is a member of an armed force or uniformed service who holds a position of authority.
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Operation Brasstacks
Operation Brasstacks was a codename of a major military exercise of the Indian Army in Rajasthan state of India, that took place in 1986 until its execution in 1987.
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Operation Cyclone
Operation Cyclone was the code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) program to arm and finance the mujahideen, in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989, prior to and during the military intervention by the USSR in support of its client, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
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Operation Searchlight
Operation Searchlight was a planned military operation carried out by the Pakistan Army to curb the Bengali nationalist movement in the erstwhile East Pakistan in March 1971, which the Pakistani state justified on the basis of anti-Bihari violence by Bengalis in early March.
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Pacifism
Pacifism is opposition to war, militarism, or violence.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.
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Pakistan and the Iran–Iraq War
Since the starting and the ending of the Iran–Iraq War in the 1980s, the foreign policy of Pakistan respectively played a complex role in the conventional settlement of the Iran-Iraq war.
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Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction
Pakistan is one of nine states to possess nuclear weapons. Pakistan began development of nuclear weapons in January 1972 under Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who delegated the program to the Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Munir Ahmad Khan with a commitment to having the bomb ready by the end of 1976. Since PAEC, consisting of over twenty laboratories and projects under nuclear engineer Munir Ahmad Khan, was falling behind schedule and having considerable difficulty producing fissile material, Abdul Qadeer Khan was brought from Europe by Bhutto at the end of 1974. As pointed out by Houston Wood, Professor of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in his article on gas centrifuges, "The most difficult step in building a nuclear weapon is the production of fissile material"; as such, this work in producing fissile material as head of the Kahuta Project was pivotal to Pakistan developing the capability to detonate a nuclear bomb by the end of 1984.Levy, Adrian and Catherine Scott-Clark, Deception: Pakistan, the United States, and the Secret Trade in Nuclear Weapons. New York. Walker Publishing Company. 1977: page 112. Print. The Kahuta Project started under the supervision of a coordination board that oversaw the activities of KRL and PAEC. The Board consisted of A G N Kazi (secretary general, finance), Ghulam Ishaq Khan (secretary general, defence), and Agha Shahi (secretary general, foreign affairs), and reported directly to Bhutto. Ghulam Ishaq Khan and General Tikka Khan appointed military engineer Major General Ali Nawab to the program. Eventually, the supervision passed to Lt General Zahid Ali Akbar Khan in President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Administration. Moderate uranium enrichment for the production of fissile material was achieved at KRL by April 1978. Pakistan's nuclear weapons development was in response to the loss of East Pakistan in 1971's Bangladesh Liberation War. Bhutto called a meeting of senior scientists and engineers on 20 January 1972, in Multan, which came to known as "Multan meeting". Bhutto was the main architect of this programme, and it was here that Bhutto orchestrated nuclear weapons programme and rallied Pakistan's academic scientists to build the atomic bomb in three years for national survival. At the Multan meeting, Bhutto also appointed Munir Ahmad Khan as chairman of PAEC, who, until then, had been working as director at the nuclear power and Reactor Division of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in Vienna, Austria. In December 1972, Abdus Salam led the establishment of Theoretical Physics Group (TPG) as he called scientists working at ICTP to report to Munir Ahmad Khan. This marked the beginning of Pakistan's pursuit of nuclear deterrence capability. Following India's surprise nuclear test, codenamed Smiling Buddha in 1974, the first confirmed nuclear test by a nation outside the permanent five members of the United Nations Security Council, the goal to develop nuclear weapons received considerable impetus. Finally, on 28 May 1998, a few weeks after India's second nuclear test (Operation Shakti), Pakistan detonated five nuclear devices in the Ras Koh Hills in the Chagai district, Balochistan. This operation was named Chagai-I by Pakistan, the underground iron-steel tunnel having been long-constructed by provincial martial law administrator General Rahimuddin Khan during the 1980s. The last test of Pakistan was conducted at the sandy Kharan Desert under the codename Chagai-II, also in Balochistan, on 30 May 1998. Pakistan's fissile material production takes place at Nilore, Kahuta, and Khushab Nuclear Complex, where weapons-grade plutonium is refined. Pakistan thus became the seventh country in the world to successfully develop and test nuclear weapons. Although, according to a letter sent by A.Q. Khan to General Zia, the capability to detonate a nuclear bomb using highly enriched uranium as fissile material produced at KRL had been achieved by KRL in 1984.
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Pakistan Armed Forces Eastern Command
The Eastern Military High Command of the Pakistan Armed Forces was a field-level military command headed by an appointed senior 3-star officer, who was designated the Unified Commander of the Eastern Military High Command.
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Pakistan Army
Pakistan Army (پاک فوج Pak Fauj (IPA: pɑk fɒ~ɔd͡ʒ); Reporting name: PA) is the land-based force of the Pakistan Armed Forces.
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Pakistan Army Armoured Corps
Pakistan Army Armoured Corps (Urdu: ﺁرمى ﺁرمرڈ كور) is a combatant branch of Pakistan Army, tasked with armoured warfare.
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Pakistan Movement
The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan (تحریک پاکستان –) was a religious political movement in the 1940s that aimed for and succeeded in the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of the British Indian Empire.
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Pakistan Peoples Party
The Pakistan Peoples Party (پاکِستان پیپلز پارٹی, commonly referred to as the PPP) is a left-wing, socialist-progressive political party of Pakistan.
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Pakistan–Soviet Union relations
The Soviet Union–Pakistan relations (Russian: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик -Пакистан; or USSR-Pakistan relations) refers to historical, political, international, and cultural relationships between the state of Pakistan and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
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Pakistan–United States relations
Pakistan–United States relations refers to the bilateral relationship between Pakistan and the United States.
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Pakistani general election, 1985
General elections were held in Pakistan on 28 February 1985.
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Pakistani general election, 1988
General elections were held in Pakistan on 16 November 1988, electing the 336 members of the National Assembly and 100 members of the Senate.
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Pakistani general election, 1990
General elections were held in Pakistan on 24 October 1990 to elect 217 members of the National Assembly. They resulted in a surprise victory for Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI), a conservative front led by Nawaz Sharif, which won 106 seats. The IJI had campaigned for privatisation and social conservative policies. Voter turnout was 45.5%.
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Pakistani nationality law
The Pakistani nationality law governs citizenship of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
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Panzer
The word Panzer is a German word that means "armour" or specifically, "tank".
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Partition of India
The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.
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Pashtuns
The Pashtuns (or; پښتانه Pax̌tānə; singular masculine: پښتون Pax̌tūn, feminine: پښتنه Pax̌tana; also Pukhtuns), historically known as ethnic Afghans (افغان, Afğān) and Pathans (Hindustani: پٹھان, पठान, Paṭhān), are an Iranic ethnic group who mainly live in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
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Pervez Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf (پرویز مشرف; born 11 August 1943) is a Pakistani politician and a retired four-star army general who was the tenth President of Pakistan from 2001 until tendering resignation, to avoid impeachment, in 2008.
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Policy of deliberate ambiguity
A policy of deliberate ambiguity (also known as a policy of strategic ambiguity, strategic uncertainty) is the practice by a country of being intentionally ambiguous on certain aspects of its foreign policy or whether it possesses certain weapons of mass destruction.
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Politician
A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking office in government.
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Presidencies and provinces of British India
The Provinces of India, earlier Presidencies of British India and still earlier, Presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in the subcontinent.
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President of Pakistan
The President of Pakistan (صدر مملکت پاکستان —), is the ceremonial head of state of Pakistan and a figurehead who represents the "unity of the Republic." in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
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Prime Minister of India
The Prime Minister of India is the leader of the executive of the Government of India.
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Prime Minister of Pakistan
The Prime Minister of Pakistan (وزِیرِ اعظم —,; lit. "Grand Vizier") is the head of government of Pakistan and designated as the "chief executive of the Republic".
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Prisoner of war
A prisoner of war (POW) is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.
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Punjab, Pakistan
Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi:, panj-āb, "five waters") is Pakistan's second largest province by area, after Balochistan, and its most populous province, with an estimated population of 110,012,442 as of 2017.
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Quetta
Quetta (کوټه; کویته; کوٹه; کوئٹہ) is the provincial capital and largest city of Balochistan, Pakistan.
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Raheel Sharif
Raheel Sharif (Urdu:; born 16 June 1956),, is a retired four-star rank general in the Pakistan Army who served as the 9th Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army, from 29 November 2013 to 29 November 2016.
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Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Ratna Gandhi (20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was an Indian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of India from 1984 to 1989.
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Rampur, Uttar Pradesh
Rampur is a city and a municipality headquarter of Rampur District in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
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Rashad Mahmood
Rashad Mahmood (Urdu/راشد محمود), is a retired four-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army who served as the 16th Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.
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Rashtriya Indian Military College
The Rashtriya Indian Military College (RIMC) is a public school for boys situated in Doon Valley, Dehradun in India.
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Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi (Punjabi, راولپِنڈى), commonly known as Pindi (پِنڈی), is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan.
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Russian language
Russian (rússkiy yazýk) is an East Slavic language, which is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely spoken throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
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Sahib
Sahib or Saheb (traditionally; صاحب صاحب صاحب साहिब সাহেব) is a word of Arabic origin meaning "Friend".
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.
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Second strike
In nuclear strategy, a second-strike capability is a country's assured ability to respond to a nuclear attack with powerful nuclear retaliation against the attacker.
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Secretary-General of the United Nations
The Secretary-General of the United Nations (UNSG or just SG) is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.
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Service number
A service number is an identification code used to identify a person within a large group.
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Siege of Tobruk
The Siege of Tobruk lasted for 241 days in 1941, after Axis forces advanced through Cyrenaica from El Agheila in Operation Sonnenblume against Allied forces in Libya, during the Western Desert Campaign (1940–1943) of the Second World War.
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Signals intelligence
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT).
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Sohail Aman
Sohail Aman (Urdu: سہیل امان; born 1959),, is a retired four star rank air force general and an ex Chief of Air Staff of the Pakistan Air Force.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan
The final and complete withdrawal of Soviet combatant forces from Afghanistan began on 15 May 1988 and ended on 15 February 1989 under the leadership of Colonel-General Boris Gromov.
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Soviet–Afghan War
The Soviet–Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989.
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Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara
The Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara (SRSG) is appointed by the Secretary-General to lead the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO).
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Staff (military)
A military staff (often referred to as general staff, army staff, navy staff, or air staff within the individual services) is a group of officers, enlisted and civilian personnel that are responsible for the administrative, operational and logistical needs of its unit.
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Syed Mohammad Ahsan
Vice-Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan (ﺴﻴﺩ ﻣﺤﻣﺪ ﺍﺣﺴﻦ b. 1920 – d. 1989), often known as S. M. Ahsan, was a three-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy, politician, and the Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Navy, serving under President Ayub Khan from 1966 until 1969.
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Three-star rank
An officer of three-star rank is a senior commander in many of the armed services holding a rank described by the NATO code of OF-8.
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Tikka Khan
General Tikka Khan (ٹِکّا خان), (February 1915 – 28 March 2002),, was a four-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army who served as the first chief of army staff from 3 March 1972 till retiring on 1 March 1976.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.
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Urdu
Urdu (اُردُو ALA-LC:, or Modern Standard Urdu) is a Persianised standard register of the Hindustani language.
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Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh (IAST: Uttar Pradeś) is a state in northern India.
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V. P. Singh
Vishwanath Pratap Singh (25 June 1931 – 27 November 2008), was an Indian politician and government official, the 7th Prime Minister of India from 1989 to 1990.
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Vice admiral
Vice admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, equivalent to lieutenant general and air marshal.
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.
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Western Sahara
Western Sahara (الصحراء الغربية, Taneẓroft Tutrimt, Spanish and French: Sahara Occidental) is a disputed territory in the Maghreb region of North Africa, partially controlled by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and partially Moroccan-occupied, bordered by Morocco proper to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.
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Western world
The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.
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Westridge, Rawalpindi
Westridge is a housing scheme in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, which dates back to 1880 when the British Army first came into this area and established its cantonment in Rawalpindi.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Yahya Khan
Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (آغا محمد یحییٰ خان; 4 February 1917 – 10 August 1980), widely known as Yahya Khan,, was the third President of Pakistan, serving in this post from 25 March 1969 until turning over his presidency in December 1971.
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Yusufzai
The Yūsufzai, also called Yousafzai, is a tribe of Pashtun people found in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan, and in some eastern parts of Afghanistan.
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Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the 4th President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973.
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18th King Edward's Own Cavalry
The 18th King Edward's Own Cavalry was a regular cavalry regiment in the British Indian Army.
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1970 Bhola cyclone
The 1970 Bhola cyclone was a devastating tropical cyclone that struck East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) and India's West Bengal on November 12, 1970.
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1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking
The 1977 Hanafi Siege occurred on March 9–11, 1977 when three buildings in Washington, D.C. were seized by 12 Hanafi Muslim gunmen.
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1982 in Afghanistan
The following lists events that happened during 1982 in Afghanistan.
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1999 Pakistani coup d'état
The 1999 Pakistani coup d'état was a bloodless coup d'état in which the Pakistan Army and then-Chief of Army Staff and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, General Pervez Musharraf, seized the control of the civilian government of publicly elected Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif on 12 October 1999.
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2002 in France
Events from the year 2002 in France.
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Redirects here:
SYAK, Sahabzada Yakub Khan, Sahibzada Khan, Sahibzada Yaqub Khan.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabzada_Yaqub_Khan
