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151 relations: Açaí palm, Acetyl-CoA, Adirondack Blue, Aesthetics, Aglycone, Amaranth, Ancient Greek, Anthocyanidin, Antirrhinum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Aronia, Asparagus, Astringent, Aurantinidin, Autumn leaf color, Banana, Beetroot, Bell pepper, Betalain, Bilberry, Black raspberry, Black rice, Blackberry, Blackcurrant, Blood orange, Blueberry, Botrytis cinerea, Cactus, Carnivorous Plant Newsletter, Carotenoid, Caryophyllales, Catabolism, Cell death, Chalconoid, Cherry, Chile, Chlorophyll, Chrysanthemin, Colourant, Complex adaptive system, Concord grape, Corn kernel, Cosmetics, Cranberry, Cultivar, Cyanidin, Delphinidin, Dietary supplement, Dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase, Dioscorea alata, ..., Drug, Dye-sensitized solar cell, E number, Eggplant, Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, Epidermis (botany), European Food Safety Authority, Europinidin, Extract, Fennel, Flavonoid, Flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase, Flower, Fluorescence, Fluorophore, Food additive, Food coloring, Food Standards Agency, Fruit, Galápagos Islands, Gastrointestinal tract, Genetically modified organism, Glucoside, Glycosyltransferase, Gooseberry, Grape, Grape juice, Harvest, Husk, Hydrocarbon, In vitro, In vivo, Introgression, Leaf, Leucoanthocyanidin, Leucocyanidin oxygenase, Maize, Malonyl-CoA, Malvidin, Meconopsis, Metabolism, Methyltransferase, Mold, Molecule, Naringenin, New England, Norton (grape), Olive, Ornamental plant, P-Coumaroylated anthocyanin, Pathogen, P–n junction, Pea, Peach, Pear, Peel (fruit), Pelargonidin, Peonidin, Petunidin, PH, PH indicator, Phenolic content in wine, Phenylalanine, Phenylpropanoid, Phosphate, Pigment, Pink Pearl (apple), Plant breeding, Plant stem, Plum, Polyketide, Potato, Quercus coccifera, Randomized controlled trial, Raspberry, Red cabbage, Redcurrant, Root, Rosinidin, Rubus, Rubus idaeus, Sap, Seed, Shelf life, Shikimic acid, Solar cell, Solubility, Soybean, Sugar, Tissue (biology), Tomato, Toxicology, Transcription factor, Transgenesis, Uric acid, Vaccinium, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Vacuole, Viola (plant), Vitis rotundifolia, Wine. Expand index (101 more) »
Açaí palm
The açaí palm (from Tupi-Guarani asaí), Euterpe oleracea, is a species of palm tree (Arecaceae) cultivated for its fruit (açaí berries or simply açaí), hearts of palm (a vegetable), leaves and trunk wood.
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Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
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Adirondack Blue
The 'Adirondack Blue' is a potato variety with blue flesh and skin with a slight purple tint, released by Cornell University potato breeders Robert Plaisted, Ken Paddock, and Walter De Jong in 2003.
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Aesthetics
Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty.
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Aglycone
An aglycone (aglycon or genin) is the compound remaining after the glycosyl group on a glycoside is replaced by a hydrogen atom.
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Amaranth
Amaranthus, collectively known as amaranth, is a cosmopolitan genus of annual or short-lived perennial plants.
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Anthocyanidin
Anthocyanidins are common plant pigments.
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Antirrhinum
Antirrhinum is a genus of plants commonly known as dragon flowers or snapdragons because of the flowers' fancied resemblance to the face of a dragon that opens and closes its mouth when laterally squeezed.
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Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana, the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small flowering plant native to Eurasia and Africa.
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Aronia
Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs, the chokeberries, in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps.
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Asparagus
Asparagus, or garden asparagus, folk name sparrow grass, scientific name Asparagus officinalis, is a spring vegetable, a flowering perennial plant species in the genus Asparagus.
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Astringent
An astringent (sometimes called adstringent) is a chemical that shrinks or constricts body tissues.
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Aurantinidin
Aurantinidin is a water-soluble, red plant dye.
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Autumn leaf color
Autumn leaf color is a phenomenon that affects the normally green leaves of many deciduous trees and shrubs by which they take on, during a few weeks in the autumn season, various shades of red, yellow, purple, black, orange, pink, magenta, blue and brown.
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Banana
A banana is an edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa.
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Beetroot
The beetroot is the taproot portion of the beet plant, usually known in North America as the beet, also table beet, garden beet, red beet, or golden beet.
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Bell pepper
The bell pepper (also known as sweet pepper, pepper or capsicum) is a cultivar group of the species Capsicum annuum.
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Betalain
Betalains are a class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments found in plants of the Caryophyllales, where they replace anthocyanin pigments.
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Bilberry
Bilberries are any of several primarily Eurasian species of low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium (family Ericaceae), bearing edible, nearly black berries.
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Black raspberry
Black raspberry is a common name for three species of the genus Rubus.
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Black rice
Black rice (also known as purple rice) is a range of rice types of the species Oryza sativa L., some of which are glutinous rice.
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Blackberry
The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by many species in the genus Rubus in the family Rosaceae, hybrids among these species within the subgenus Rubus, and hybrids between the subgenera Rubus and Idaeobatus.
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Blackcurrant
The blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) is a woody shrub in the family Grossulariaceae grown for its piquant berries.
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Blood orange
The blood orange is a variety of orange (''Citrus'' × ''sinensis'') with crimson, almost blood-colored flesh.
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Blueberry
Blueberries are perennial flowering plants with blue– or purple–colored berries.
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Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinerea ("botrytis" from Ancient Greek botrys (βότρυς) meaning "grapes" plus the New Latin suffix -itis for disease) is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes.
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Cactus
A cactus (plural: cacti, cactuses, or cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae,Although the spellings of botanical families have been largely standardized, there is little agreement among botanists as to how these names are to be pronounced.
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Carnivorous Plant Newsletter
The Carnivorous Plant Newsletter is the official publication of the International Carnivorous Plant Society (ICPS), the largest such organization in the world.
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Carotenoid
Carotenoids, also called tetraterpenoids, are organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria and fungi.
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Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales is an order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, beets, and many carnivorous plants.
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Catabolism
Catabolism (from Greek κάτω kato, "downward" and βάλλειν ballein, "to throw") is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions.
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Cell death
Cell death is the event of a biological cell ceasing to carry out its functions.
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Chalconoid
Chalconoids (English: /ˌkælkə/; Greek: χαλκός khalkós, "copper", due to its color), also known as chalcones, are natural phenols related to chalcone.
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Cherry
A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus Prunus, and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit).
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Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
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Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
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Chrysanthemin
Chrysanthemin is an anthocyanin.
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Colourant
A colourant/colour additive (British spelling) or colorant/color additive (American spelling) is a substance that is added or applied in order to change the colour of a material or surface.
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Complex adaptive system
A complex adaptive system is a system in which a perfect understanding of the individual parts does not automatically convey a perfect understanding of the whole system's behavior.
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Concord grape
The Concord grape is a cultivar derived from the grape species Vitis labrusca (also called fox grape) that are used as table grapes, wine grapes and juice grapes.
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Corn kernel
Corn kernels are the fruits of corn (called maize in many countries).
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Cosmetics
Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance of the face or fragrance and texture of the body.
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Cranberry
Cranberries are a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the subgenus Oxycoccus of the genus Vaccinium.
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Cultivar
The term cultivarCultivar has two denominations as explained in Formal definition.
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Cyanidin
Cyanidin is a natural organic compound.
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Delphinidin
Delphinidin (also delphinidine) is an anthocyanidin, a primary plant pigment, and also an antioxidant.
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Dietary supplement
A dietary supplement is a manufactured product intended to supplement the diet when taken by mouth as a pill, capsule, tablet, or liquid.
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Dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase
In enzymology, a dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are (+)-dihydrokaempferol, NADPH, and H+.
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Dioscorea alata
Dioscorea alata, known as purple yam, ube or many other names, is a species of yam, a tuberous root vegetable.
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Drug
A drug is any substance (other than food that provides nutritional support) that, when inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed via a patch on the skin, or dissolved under the tongue causes a temporary physiological (and often psychological) change in the body.
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Dye-sensitized solar cell
A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC, DSC, DYSC or Grätzel cell) is a low-cost solar cell belonging to the group of thin film solar cells.
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E number
E numbers are codes for substances that are permitted to be used as food additives for use within the European Union and EFTA.
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Eggplant
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) or aubergine is a species of nightshade grown for its edible fruit.
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Encyclopedia of Life Sciences
eLS (previously known as the Encyclopedia of Life Sciences) is a reference work that spans the entire spectrum of life sciences and is published by Wiley-Blackwell.
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Epidermis (botany)
The word'epidermis' is a single layer of cells that covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants.
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European Food Safety Authority
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain.
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Europinidin
Europinidin (Eu) is an O-methylated anthocyanidin.
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Extract
An extract is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol or water.
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Fennel
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a flowering plant species in the carrot family.
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Flavonoid
Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids) (from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites.
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Flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase
In enzymology, a flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and flavonol, whereas its two products are UDP and flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside.The flavonoids that can act as substrates within this reaction include quercetin, kaempferol, dihydrokaempferol, kaempferid, fisetin, and isorhamnetin.
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Flower
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms).
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Fluorescence
Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.
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Fluorophore
A fluorophore (or fluorochrome, similarly to a chromophore) is a fluorescent chemical compound that can re-emit light upon light excitation.
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Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste, appearance, or other qualities.
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Food coloring
Food coloring, or color additive, is any dye, pigment or substance that imparts color when it is added to food or drink.
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Food Standards Agency
The Food Standards Agency is a non-ministerial government department of the Government of the United Kingdom.
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Fruit
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) formed from the ovary after flowering.
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Galápagos Islands
The Galápagos Islands (official name: Archipiélago de Colón, other Spanish name: Las Islas Galápagos), part of the Republic of Ecuador, are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed on either side of the equator in the Pacific Ocean surrounding the centre of the Western Hemisphere, west of continental Ecuador.
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Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.
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Genetically modified organism
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques (i.e., a genetically engineered organism).
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Glucoside
A glucoside is a glycoside that is derived from glucose.
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Glycosyltransferase
Glycosyltransferases (GTFs, Gtfs) are enzymes (EC 2.4) that establish natural glycosidic linkages.
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Gooseberry
The gooseberry (or (American and northern British) or (southern British)), with scientific names Ribes uva-crispa (and syn. Ribes grossularia), is a species of Ribes (which also includes the currants).
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Grape
A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus Vitis.
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Grape juice
Grape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid.
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Harvest
Harvesting is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields.
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Husk
Husk (or hull) in botany is the outer shell or coating of a seed.
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Hydrocarbon
In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
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In vitro
In vitro (meaning: in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.
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In vivo
Studies that are in vivo (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism.
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Introgression
Introgression, also known as introgressive hybridization, in genetics is the movement of a gene (gene flow) from one species into the gene pool of another by the repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parent species.
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Leaf
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem.
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Leucoanthocyanidin
Leucoanthocyanidin (flavan-3,4-diols) are colorless chemical compounds related to anthocyanidins and anthocyanins.
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Leucocyanidin oxygenase
In enzymology, a leucocyanidin oxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are leucocyanidin, 2-oxoglutarate, and O2, whereas its 5 products are cis-dihydroquercetin, trans-dihydroquercetin, succinate, CO2, and H2O.
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Maize
Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after Taíno mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.
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Malonyl-CoA
Malonyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of malonic acid.
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Malvidin
Malvidin (Mv) is an O-methylated anthocyanidin.
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Meconopsis
Meconopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Methyltransferase
Methyltransferases are a large group of enzymes that all methylate their substrates but can be split into several subclasses based on their structural features.
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Mold
A mold or mould (is a fungus that grows in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphae.
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Molecule
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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Naringenin
Naringenin is a bitter, colourless flavanone, a type of flavonoid.
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New England
New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeastern United States: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut.
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Norton (grape)
Norton, a grape cultivar believed to be largely derived from Vitis aestivalis, is grown in the Midwestern United States, Mid-Atlantic States, northeastern Georgia and, most recently, in California.
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Olive
The olive, known by the botanical name Olea europaea, meaning "European olive", is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, found in the Mediterranean Basin from Portugal to the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Asia as far east as China, as well as the Canary Islands and Réunion.
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Ornamental plant
Ornamental plants are plants that are grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects, as houseplants, for cut flowers and specimen display.
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P-Coumaroylated anthocyanin
p-Coumaroylated anthocyanins are a type of anthocyanins with a p-coumaric acid unit linked with a sugar to an anthocyanidin aglycone.
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Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.
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P–n junction
A p–n junction is a boundary or interface between two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type, inside a single crystal of semiconductor.
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Pea
The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the pod fruit Pisum sativum.
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Peach
The peach (Prunus persica) is a deciduous tree native to the region of Northwest China between the Tarim Basin and the north slopes of the Kunlun Mountains, where it was first domesticated and cultivated.
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Pear
The pear is any of several tree and shrub species of genus Pyrus, in the family Rosaceae.
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Peel (fruit)
Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable which can be peeled off.
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Pelargonidin
Pelargonidin is an anthocyanidin, a type of plant pigment producing a characteristic orange color used in food and industrial dyes.
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Peonidin
Peonidin is an O-methylated anthocyanidin derived from Cyanidin, and a primary plant pigment.
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Petunidin
Petunidin (Pt), like Europinidin and Malvidin, is derived from Delphinidin and is an O-methylated anthocyanidin of the 3-hydroxy type.
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PH
In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
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PH indicator
A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually.
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Phenolic content in wine
The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine.
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Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an α-amino acid with the formula.
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Phenylpropanoid
The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are synthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine.
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Phosphate
A phosphate is chemical derivative of phosphoric acid.
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Pigment
A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption.
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Pink Pearl (apple)
The 'Pink Pearl' apple is a pink-fleshed apple cultivar developed in 1944 by Albert Etter, a northern California breeder.
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Plant breeding
Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics.
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Plant stem
A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root.
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Plum
A plum is a fruit of the subgenus Prunus of the genus Prunus. The subgenus is distinguished from other subgenera (peaches, cherries, bird cherries, etc.) in the shoots having terminal bud and solitary side buds (not clustered), the flowers in groups of one to five together on short stems, and the fruit having a groove running down one side and a smooth stone (or pit).
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Polyketide
Polyketides are a class of secondary metabolites produced by certain living organisms in order to impart to them some survival advantage.
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Potato
The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum.
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Quercus coccifera
Quercus coccifera, the kermes oak, is an oak tree in the ''Quercus'' section ''Cerris''.
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Randomized controlled trial
A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a type of scientific (often medical) experiment which aims to reduce bias when testing a new treatment.
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Raspberry
The raspberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the genus Rubus of the rose family, most of which are in the subgenus Idaeobatus; the name also applies to these plants themselves.
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Red cabbage
The red cabbage (purple-leaved varieties of Brassica oleracea Capitata Group) is a kind of cabbage, also known as purple cabbage, red kraut, or blue kraut after preparation.
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Redcurrant
The redcurrant, or red currant (Ribes rubrum) is a member of the genus Ribes in the gooseberry family.
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Root
In vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant that typically lies below the surface of the soil.
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Rosinidin
Rosinidin is an O-methylated anthocyanidin derived from Cyanidin.
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Rubus
Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, with 250–700 species.
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Rubus idaeus
Rubus idaeus (raspberry, also called red raspberry or occasionally as European raspberry to distinguish it from other raspberries) is a red-fruited species of Rubus native to Europe and northern Asia and commonly cultivated in other temperate regions.
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Sap
Sap is a fluid transported in xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant.
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Seed
A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering.
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Shelf life
Shelf life is the length of time that a commodity may be stored without becoming unfit for use, consumption, or sale.
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Shikimic acid
Shikimic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid.
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Solar cell
A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon.
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Solubility
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent.
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Soybean
The soybean (Glycine max), or soya bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses.
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Sugar
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.
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Tissue (biology)
In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.
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Tomato
The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit/berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as a tomato plant.
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Toxicology
Toxicology is a discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.
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Transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
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Transgenesis
Transgenesis is the process of introducing an exogenous gene—called a transgene—into a living organism so that the organism will exhibit a new property and transmit that property to its offspring.
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Uric acid
Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3.
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Vaccinium
Vaccinium is a common and widespread genus of shrubs or dwarf shrubs in the heath family.
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Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry, partridgeberry, or cowberry) is a short evergreen shrub in the heath family that bears edible fruit, native to boreal forest and Arctic tundra throughout the Northern Hemisphere from Eurasia to North America.
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Vacuole
A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells.
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Viola (plant)
Viola (and) is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae.
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Vitis rotundifolia
Vitis rotundifolia, or muscadine, is a grapevine species native to the southeastern and south-central United States from Florida to Delaware, west to eastern Texas and Oklahoma.
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Wine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.
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Redirects here:
Anthocyan, Anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside, Anthocyanidin glycoside, Anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, Anthocyanin 3-O-glucoside, Anthocyanin biosynthesis, Anthocyanins, Anthocyanosides, Anthocyans, Anthokyan, Anthrocyanin, Anthrocyanins, AtPAP1, E163, Production of Anthocyanin Pigment 1, UGT79B1, UGT84A2.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanin
