134 relations: Abbott Laboratories, Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, Adenylylation, Alanine, Alanine racemase, Alpha-Aminobutyric acid, Amino acid, Animal testing, Atopic dermatitis, Azathioprine, Basel, Bile, Birth defect, Brain damage, British Approved Name, Calcineurin, Calmodulin, Castor oil, Chirality (chemistry), Condensation domain, Confusion, Cordyceps, Crohn's disease, Cyclic compound, Cyclophilin, CYP3A4, Cytostasis, Developing country, Diarrhea, Dry eye syndrome, Emulsion, Enzyme, Epileptic seizure, Ethanol, Eye drop, Fever, Fungus, Gingival enlargement, Glycine, Gout, Graft-versus-host disease, Hartmann F. Stähelin, Head injury, Health system, Heart transplantation, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Hemolytic anemia, Hives, Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperkalemia, ..., Hypertension, Hyperuricemia, Hypoesthesia, Immunosuppressive drug, Infection, Inflammatory bowel disease, Inhaled ciclosporin, Interleukin 2, International nonproprietary name, Intravenous therapy, Itch, Kidney, Kidney failure, Kidney transplantation, Kimura's disease, Kolliphor EL, Leucine, Liposome, List of IARC Group 1 carcinogens, Liver, Liver transplantation, Lymphocyte, Lymphoma, Mastocytosis, Merck & Co., Microemulsion, Mitochondrial permeability transition pore, Myasthenia gravis, Mycology, N-methyltransferase, National Health Service, Natural product, Nephrotic syndrome, Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection, NFATC1, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Nonribosomal peptide, Novartis, Nummular keratitis, Ophthalmology, Optimmune, Organ transplantation, Pancreatitis, Paresthesia, Pemphigus foliaceus, Peptic ulcer disease, Peptide, Phosphatase, Phosphopantetheine, Potassium, Pregnancy, Preterm birth, Proinflammatory cytokine, Propylene glycol, Psoriasis, Pyoderma gangrenosum, Pyridoxal phosphate, Random House, Renal function, Rheumatoid arthritis, S-Adenosyl methionine, Sebaceous adenitis, Sebaceous gland, Shortness of breath, Sjögren syndrome, Squamous cell skin cancer, Steroid, Switzerland, T cell, Thioester, Thiol, Thomas Starzl, Threonine, Tolypocladium inflatum, Transplant rejection, Traumatic brain injury, Ulcerative colitis, United States Adopted Name, University of Pittsburgh, Valine, Voclosporin, Vomiting, WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Expand index (84 more) »
Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Laboratories is an American health care company with headquarters in Lake Bluff, Illinois, United States.
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Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis
Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, also known as Keratoconjunctivitis epidemica is a common and highly contagious viral infection of the eye.
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Adenylylation
Adenylylation, now known as AMPylation, is a process in which adenosine monophosphate (AMP) molecule is covalently attached to a protein side chain, altering the function of the protein.
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Alanine
Alanine (symbol Ala or A) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Alanine racemase
In enzymology, an alanine racemase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-alanine, and one product, D-alanine.
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Alpha-Aminobutyric acid
α-Aminobutyric acid (AABA), also known as homoalanine in biochemistry, is a non-proteinogenic alpha amino acid with chemical formula C4H9NO2.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Animal testing
Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study.
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Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a type of inflammation of the skin (dermatitis).
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Azathioprine
Azathioprine (AZA), sold under the brand name Imuran among others, is an immunosuppressive medication.
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Basel
Basel (also Basle; Basel; Bâle; Basilea) is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine.
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Bile
Bile or gall is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine.
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Birth defect
A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause.
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Brain damage
Brain damage or brain injury (BI) is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells.
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British Approved Name
A British Approved Name (BAN) is the official non-proprietary or generic name given to a pharmaceutical substance, as defined in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP).
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Calcineurin
Calcineurin (CaN) is a calcium and calmodulin dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase (also known as protein phosphatase 3, and calcium-dependent serine-threonine phosphatase).
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Calmodulin
Calmodulin (CaM) (an abbreviation for calcium-modulated protein) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells.
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Castor oil
Castor oil is a vegetable oil obtained by pressing the seeds of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis).
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Chirality (chemistry)
Chirality is a geometric property of some molecules and ions.
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Condensation domain
In molecular biology, the condensation domain is a protein domain found in many multi-domain enzymes which synthesise peptide antibiotics.
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Confusion
Confusion (from Latin confusĭo, -ōnis, from confundere: "to pour together;" "to mingle together;" "to confuse") is the state of being bewildered or unclear in one’s mind about something.
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Cordyceps
Cordyceps is a genus of ascomycete fungi (sac fungi) that includes about 400 species.
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Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus.
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Cyclic compound
A cyclic compound (ring compound) is a term for a compound in the field of chemistry in which one or more series of atoms in the compound is connected to form a ring.
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Cyclophilin
Cyclophilins are a family of proteins from vertebrates and other organisms that bind to ciclosporin (cyclosporin A), an immunosuppressant which is usually used to suppress rejection after internal organ transplants.
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CYP3A4
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine.
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Cytostasis
Cytostasis (cyto – cell; stasis – stoppage) is the inhibition of cell growth and multiplication.
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Developing country
A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
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Diarrhea
Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.
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Dry eye syndrome
Dry eye syndrome (DES), also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is the condition of having dry eyes.
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Emulsion
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable).
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Epileptic seizure
An epileptic seizure is a brief episode of signs or symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
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Ethanol
Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.
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Eye drop
Eye drops are saline-containing drops used as an ocular route to administer.
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Fever
Fever, also known as pyrexia and febrile response, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set-point.
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Fungus
A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
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Gingival enlargement
Gingival enlargement, (also termed gingival overgrowth, hypertrophic gingivitis, gingival hyperplasia, or gingival hypertrophy, and sometimes abbreviated to GO), is an increase in the size of the gingiva (gums).
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Glycine
Glycine (symbol Gly or G) is the amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain.
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Gout
Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint.
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Graft-versus-host disease
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a medical complication following the receipt of transplanted tissue from a genetically different person.
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Hartmann F. Stähelin
Hartmann F. Stähelin, M.D. (October 20, 1925 – July 5, 2011) was a Swiss pharmacologist with an outstanding record in basic and applied cancer and immunology research.
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Head injury
A head injury is any injury that results in trauma to the skull or brain.
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Health system
A health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system or as healthcare system, is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.
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Heart transplantation
A heart transplant, or a cardiac transplant, is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease when other medical or surgical treatments have failed.
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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood.
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Hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular, but usually in the spleen).
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Hives
Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps.
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Hypercholesterolemia
Hypercholesterolemia, also called high cholesterol, is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood.
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Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia, also spelled hyperkalaemia, is an elevated level of potassium (K+) in the blood serum.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Hyperuricemia
Hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood.
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Hypoesthesia
Hypoesthesia (also spelled as hypesthesia) is a common side effect of various medical conditions which manifests as a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli.
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Immunosuppressive drug
Immunosuppressive drugs or immunosuppressive agents or antirejection medications are drugs that inhibit or prevent activity of the immune system.
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Infection
Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
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Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine.
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Inhaled ciclosporin
Ciclosporin is a cyclic polypeptide that has been used widely as an orally-available immunosuppressant.
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Interleukin 2
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system.
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International nonproprietary name
The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is an official generic and non-proprietary name given to a pharmaceutical drug or an active ingredient.
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Intravenous therapy
Intravenous therapy (IV) is a therapy that delivers liquid substances directly into a vein (intra- + ven- + -ous).
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Itch
Itch (also known as pruritus) is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch.
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Kidney
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.
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Kidney failure
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys no longer work.
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Kidney transplantation
Kidney transplantation or renal transplantation is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease.
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Kimura's disease
Kimura's disease is a benign rare chronic inflammatory disorder.
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Kolliphor EL
Kolliphor EL, formerly known as Cremophor EL, is the registered trademark of BASF Corp.
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Leucine
Leucine (symbol Leu or L) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Liposome
A liposome is a spherical vesicle having at least one lipid bilayer.
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List of IARC Group 1 carcinogens
Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 1: The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans.
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Liver
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.
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Liver transplantation
Liver transplantation or hepatic transplantation is the replacement of a diseased liver with the healthy liver from another person (allograft).
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Lymphocyte
A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system.
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Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a group of blood cancers that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell).
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Mastocytosis
Mastocytosis, a type of mast cell disease, is a rare disorder affecting both children and adults caused by the accumulation of functionally defective mast cells (also called mastocytes) and CD34+ mast cell precursors.
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Merck & Co.
Merck & Company, Inc., d.b.a. Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) outside the United States and Canada, is an American pharmaceutical company and one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world.
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Microemulsion
Microemulsions are clear, thermodynamically stable, isotropic liquid mixtures of oil, water and surfactant, frequently in combination with a cosurfactant.
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Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP or MPTP; also referred to as PTP, mTP or MTP) is a protein that is formed in the inner membrane of the mitochondria under certain pathological conditions such as traumatic brain injury and stroke.
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Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a long-term neuromuscular disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness.
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Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, medicine, food, and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as toxicity or infection.
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N-methyltransferase
N-methyltransferase may refer to.
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National Health Service
The National Health Service (NHS) is the name used for each of the public health services in the United Kingdom – the National Health Service in England, NHS Scotland, NHS Wales, and Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland – as well as a term to describe them collectively.
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Natural product
A natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature.
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Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage.
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Neurodegeneration
Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons.
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Neuroprotection
Neuroprotection refers to the relative preservation of neuronal structure and/or function.
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NFATC1
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFATC1 gene.
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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphomas.
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Nonribosomal peptide
Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are a class of peptide secondary metabolites, usually produced by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.
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Novartis
Novartis International AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland.
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Nummular keratitis
Nummular keratitis is a feature of viral keratoconjunctivitis.
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Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine and surgery (both methods are used) that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eyeball and orbit.
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Optimmune
Optimmune is an ophthalmic ointment with ciclosporin as the active ingredient for the treatment of pannus and chronic idiopathic keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs.
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Organ transplantation
Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed from one body and placed in the body of a recipient, to replace a damaged or missing organ.
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Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas.
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Paresthesia
Paresthesia is an abnormal sensation such as tingling, tickling, pricking, numbness or burning of a person's skin with no apparent physical cause.
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Pemphigus foliaceus
Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune blistering disease (bullous disorder) of the skin.
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Peptic ulcer disease
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a break in the lining of the stomach, first part of the small intestine or occasionally the lower esophagus.
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Peptide
Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.
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Phosphatase
A phosphatase is an enzyme that uses water to cleave a phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol.
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Phosphopantetheine
Phosphopantetheine, also known as 4'-Phosphopantetheine, is an essential prosthetic group of acyl carrier protein (ACP) and peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP) and aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) derived from Coenzyme A. It is also present in formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.
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Potassium
Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Preterm birth
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age.
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Proinflammatory cytokine
A proinflammatory cytokine or more simply an inflammatory cytokine is a type of signaling molecule (a cytokine) that is excreted from immune cells like helper T cells (Th) and macrophages, and certain other cell types that promote inflammation.
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Propylene glycol
Propylene glycol (IUPAC name: propane-1,2-diol) is a synthetic organic compound with the chemical formula C3H8O2.
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Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin.
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Pyoderma gangrenosum
Pyoderma gangrenosum is a condition that causes tissue to become necrotic, causing deep ulcers that usually occur on the legs.
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Pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, P5P), the active form of vitamin B6, is a coenzyme in a variety of enzymatic reactions.
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Random House
Random House is an American book publisher and the largest general-interest paperback publisher in the world.
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Renal function
Renal function, in nephrology, is an indication of the kidney's condition and its role in renal physiology.
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Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.
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S-Adenosyl methionine
S-Adenosyl methionineSAM-e, SAMe, SAM, S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, AdoMet, ademetionine is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation.
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Sebaceous adenitis
Sebaceous adenitis in an uncommon skin disease found in some breeds of dog, and more rarely in cats, rabbits and horses.
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Sebaceous gland
Sebaceous glands are microscopic exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair of mammals.
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Shortness of breath
Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, is the feeling that one cannot breathe well enough.
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Sjögren syndrome
Sjögren syndrome (SjS, SS) is a long-term autoimmune disease in which the moisture-producing glands of the body are affected.
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Squamous cell skin cancer
Squamous-cell skin cancer, also known as cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC), is one of the main types of skin cancer along with basal cell cancer, and melanoma.
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Steroid
A steroid is a biologically active organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration.
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Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.
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T cell
A T cell, or T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte (a subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
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Thioester
In chemistry thioesters are compounds with the functional group R–S–CO–R'.
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Thiol
Thiol is an organosulfur compound that contains a carbon-bonded sulfhydryl (R–SH) group (where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent).
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Thomas Starzl
Thomas Earl Starzl (March 11, 1926 – March 4, 2017) was an American physician, researcher, and expert on organ transplants.
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Threonine
Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Tolypocladium inflatum
Tolypocladium inflatum is an ascomycete fungus originally isolated from a Norwegian soil sample that, under certain conditions, produces the immunosuppressant drug ciclosporin.
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Transplant rejection
Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue.
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Traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as intracranial injury, occurs when an external force injures the brain.
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Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum.
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United States Adopted Name
United States Adopted Names are unique nonproprietary names assigned to pharmaceuticals marketed in the United States.
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University of Pittsburgh
The University of Pittsburgh (commonly referred to as Pitt) is a state-related research university located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Valine
Valine (symbol Val or V) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Voclosporin
Voclosporin is an experimental immunosuppressant drug being developed by Aurinia Pharmaceuticals.
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Vomiting
Vomiting, also known as emesis, puking, barfing, throwing up, among other terms, is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system.
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Redirects here:
ATC code L04AD01, ATC code S01XA18, ATCvet code QL04AD01, ATCvet code QS01XA18, Atopica, C62H111N11O12, Cicloral, Ciclosporine, CsA, Cyclosporin, Cyclosporin A, Cyclosporin G, Cyclosporin, non-ribosomal peptide, Cyclosporine, Cyclosporine A, Cyclosporine G, Gengraf, Neoral, Restasis, Sandimmune, Sandimume, Sangcya.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclosporin