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86 relations: Aflatoxin B1, Alkaloid, Artemisia annua, Artemisinin, Asclepias, Atropa belladonna, Atropine, Avermectin, Azadirachta indica, Azadirachtin, Bacitracin, Biphenyl, Cannabis (drug), Catharanthus roseus, Cell growth, Ciclosporin, Coca, Cocaine, Codeine, Competition, Datura stramonium, Developmental biology, Dibenzofuran, Discodermolide, Enterocyte, Epothilone, Erythromycin, Fatty acid, Fecundity, Flavanone, Flavones, Flavonoid, Fugu, Glucosinolate, Glycoside, Gramicidin, Hairy root culture, Herbivore, Hyoscine, Hyoscyamine, Legume, Lovastatin, Malacidin, Maloideae, Metabolite, Mitotic inhibitor, Monarch butterfly, Morphine, Nitrogen, Nojirimycin, ..., Nonribosomal peptide, Nystatin, Oligomer, Organic compound, Papaver somniferum, Phenazine, Phenols, Phloroglucinol, Phylogenetics, Phytoalexin, Plant defense against herbivory, Polyketide, Polyphenol, Primary metabolite, Ramoplanin, Reproduction, Resveratrol, Rhizobium, Ribosome, Rifamycin, Salamander, Saponin, Secondary metabolism, Steroid, Survivability, Symbiosis, Teicoplanin, Terpene, Terpenoid, Tetrahydrocannabinol, Tetrodotoxin, Thiostrepton, Vancomycin, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Volatiles. Expand index (36 more) »
Aflatoxin B1
Aflatoxin B1 is an aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus.
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Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring chemical compounds that mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms.
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Artemisia annua
Artemisia annua, also known as sweet wormwood, sweet annie, sweet sagewort, annual mugwort or annual wormwood, is a common type of wormwood native to temperate Asia, but naturalized in many countries including scattered parts of North America.
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Artemisinin
Artemisinin and its semi-synthetic derivatives are a group of drugs used against Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
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Asclepias
Asclepias L. (1753), the milkweeds, is an American genus of herbaceous perennial, dicotyledonous plants that contains over 140 known species.
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Atropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, which includes tomatoes, potatoes, and aubergine.
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Atropine
Atropine is a medication to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate and to decrease saliva production during surgery.
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Avermectin
The avermectins are a series of drugs and pesticides used to treat parasitic worms and insect pests.
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Azadirachta indica
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae.
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Azadirachtin
Azadirachtin, a chemical compound belonging to the limonoid group, is a secondary metabolite present in neem seeds.
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Bacitracin
Bacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic peptides produced by organisms of the licheniformis group of Bacillus subtilis var Tracy, first isolated in 1945.
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Biphenyl
Biphenyl (or diphenyl or phenylbenzene or 1,1′-biphenyl or lemonene) is an organic compound that forms colorless crystals.
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Cannabis (drug)
Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a psychoactive drug from the ''Cannabis'' plant intended for medical or recreational use.
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Catharanthus roseus
Catharanthus roseus, commonly known as the Madagascar periwinkle, rose periwinkle, or rosy periwinkle, is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family Apocynaceae.
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Cell growth
The term cell growth is used in the contexts of biological cell development and cell division (reproduction).
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Ciclosporin
Ciclosporin, also spelled cyclosporine and cyclosporin, is an immunosuppressant medication and natural product.
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Coca
Coca is any of the four cultivated plants in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America.
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Cocaine
Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug.
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Codeine
Codeine is an opiate used to treat pain, as a cough medicine, and for diarrhea. It is typically used to treat mild to moderate degrees of pain. Greater benefit may occur when combined with paracetamol (acetaminophen) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Evidence does not support its use for acute cough suppression in children or adults. In Europe it is not recommended as a cough medicine in those under twelve years of age. It is generally taken by mouth. It typically starts working after half an hour with maximum effect at two hours. The total duration of its effects last for about four to six hours. Common side effects include vomiting, constipation, itchiness, lightheadedness, and drowsiness. Serious side effects may include breathing difficulties and addiction. It is unclear if its use in pregnancy is safe. Care should be used during breastfeeding as it may result in opiate toxicity in the baby. Its use as of 2016 is not recommended in children. Codeine works following being broken down by the liver into morphine. How quickly this occurs depends on a person's genetics. Codeine was discovered in 1832 by Pierre Jean Robiquet. In 2013 about 361,000 kilograms of codeine were produced while 249,000 kilograms were used. This makes it the most commonly taken opiate. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 0.04 and 0.29 USD per dose as of 2014. In the United States it costs about one dollar a dose. Codeine occurs naturally and makes up about 2% of opium.
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Competition
Competition is, in general, a contest or rivalry between two or more entities, organisms, animals, individuals, economic groups or social groups, etc., for territory, a niche, for scarce resources, goods, for mates, for prestige, recognition, for awards, for group or social status, or for leadership and profit.
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Datura stramonium
Datura stramonium, known by the English names jimsonweed or devil's snare, is a plant in the nightshade family.
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Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.
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Dibenzofuran
Dibenzofuran is a heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical structure shown at right.
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Discodermolide
(+)-Discodermolide is a polyketide natural product found to stabilize microtubule.
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Enterocyte
Enterocytes, or intestinal absorptive cells, are simple columnar epithelial cells found in the small intestine.
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Epothilone
The epothilones are a class of potential cancer drugs.
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Erythromycin
Erythromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.
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Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
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Fecundity
In human demography and population biology, fecundity is the potential for reproduction of an organism or population, measured by the number of gametes (eggs), seed set, or asexual propagules.
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Flavanone
The flavanones, a type of flavonoids, are various aromatic, colorless ketones derived from flavone that often occur in plants as glycosides.
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Flavones
Flavones (flavus.
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Flavonoid
Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids) (from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites.
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Fugu
The fugu (河豚; 鰒; フグ) in Japanese or bogeo (복어) or bok (복) in Korean is a pufferfish, normally of the genus Takifugu, Lagocephalus, or Sphoeroides, or a porcupinefish of the genus Diodon, or a dish prepared from these fish.
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Glucosinolate
The glucosinolates are natural components of many pungent plants such as mustard, cabbage, and horseradish.
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Glycoside
In chemistry, a glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond.
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Gramicidin
Gramicidin is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14%, respectively, all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramicidin D contains linear pentadecapeptides, that is chains made up of 15 amino acids.
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Hairy root culture
Hairy root culture, also called transformed root culture, is a type of plant tissue culture that is used to study plant metabolic processes or to produce valuable secondary metabolites or recombinant proteins, often with plant genetic engineering.
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Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.
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Hyoscine
Hyoscine, also known as scopolamine, is a medication used to treat motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
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Hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine (also known as daturine) is a tropane alkaloid.
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Legume
A legume is a plant or its fruit or seed in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae).
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Lovastatin
Lovastatin (Merck's Mevacor) is a statin drug, used for lowering cholesterol in those with hypercholesterolemia to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Malacidin
Malacidins are a class of chemicals made by bacteria found in soil that can kill Gram-positive bacteria.
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Maloideae
The Maloideae C.Weber was the apple subfamily, a grouping used by some taxonomists within the rose family, Rosaceae.
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Metabolite
A metabolite is the intermediate end product of metabolism.
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Mitotic inhibitor
A mitotic inhibitor is a drug that inhibits mitosis, or cell division.
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Monarch butterfly
The monarch butterfly or simply monarch (Danaus plexippus) is a milkweed butterfly (subfamily Danainae) in the family Nymphalidae.
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Morphine
Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate variety which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals.
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Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.
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Nojirimycin
Nojirimycin is the parent compound of a class of antibiotics and glycosidase inhibitors.
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Nonribosomal peptide
Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are a class of peptide secondary metabolites, usually produced by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.
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Nystatin
Nystatin, sold under the brandname Mycostatin among others, is an antifungal medication.
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Oligomer
An oligomer (oligo-, "a few" + -mer, "parts") is a molecular complex of chemicals that consists of a few monomer units, in contrast to a polymer, where the number of monomers is, in principle, infinite.
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Organic compound
In chemistry, an organic compound is generally any chemical compound that contains carbon.
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Papaver somniferum
Papaver somniferum, commonly known as the opium poppy, or breadseed poppy, is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae.
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Phenazine
Phenazine is an organic compound with the formula (C6H4)2N2.
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Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
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Phloroglucinol
Phloroglucinol is an organic compound that is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and explosives.
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Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: φυλή, φῦλον – phylé, phylon.
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Phytoalexin
Phytoalexins are antimicrobial and often antioxidative substances synthesized de novo by plants that accumulate rapidly at areas of pathogen infection.
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Plant defense against herbivory
Plant defense against herbivory or host-plant resistance (HPR) describes a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores.
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Polyketide
Polyketides are a class of secondary metabolites produced by certain living organisms in order to impart to them some survival advantage.
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Polyphenol
Polyphenols (also known as polyhydroxyphenols) are a structural class of mainly natural, but also synthetic or semisynthetic, organic chemicals characterized by the presence of large multiples of phenol structural units.
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Primary metabolite
A primary metabolite is a kind of metabolite that is directly involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction.
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Ramoplanin
Ramoplanin (INN) is a glycolipodepsipeptide antibiotic drug derived from strain ATCC 33076 of Actinoplanes.
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Reproduction
Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parents".
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Resveratrol
Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol, and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or, when the plant is under attack by pathogens such as bacteria or fungi.
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Rhizobium
Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen.
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Ribosome
The ribosome is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).
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Rifamycin
The rifamycins are a group of antibiotics that are synthesized either naturally by the bacterium Amycolatopsis rifamycinica or artificially.
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Salamander
Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by a lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults.
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Saponin
Saponins are a class of chemical compounds found in particular abundance in various plant species.
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Secondary metabolism
Secondary metabolism (also called specialized metabolism) is a term for pathways and small molecule products of metabolism that are not absolutely required for the survival of the organism.
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Steroid
A steroid is a biologically active organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration.
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Survivability
Survivability is the ability to remain alive or continue to exist.
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Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
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Teicoplanin
Teicoplanin is an antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' and Enterococcus faecalis.
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Terpene
Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced by a variety of plants, particularly conifers, and by some insects.
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Terpenoid
The terpenoids, sometimes called isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from terpenes.
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Tetrahydrocannabinol
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is one of at least 113 cannabinoids identified in cannabis.
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Tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin.
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Thiostrepton
Thiostrepton is a natural cyclic oligopeptide antibiotic of the thiopeptide class, derived from several strains of streptomycetes, such as Streptomyces azureus and Streptomyces laurentii.
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Vancomycin
Vancomycin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.
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Vinblastine
Vinblastine is a chemotherapy medication, typically used with other medications, to treat a number of types of cancer.
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Vincristine
Vincristine, also known as leurocristine and marketed under the brandname Oncovin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, neuroblastoma, and small cell lung cancer among others. It is given intravenously. Most people experience some side effects from vincristine treatment. Commonly it causes a change in sensation, hair loss, constipation, difficulty walking, and headaches. Serious side effects may include neuropathic pain, lung damage, or low blood white cells. It will likely cause harm to the baby if given during pregnancy. It works by stopping cells from dividing properly. Vincristine was first isolated in 1961. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 1.80 and 42.60 USD per dose. It is a vinca alkaloid that can be obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle Catharanthus roseus.
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Volatiles
In planetary science, volatiles are the group of chemical elements and chemical compounds with low boiling points that are associated with a planet's or moon's crust or atmosphere.
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Secondary compound, Secondary compounds, Secondary metabolites.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_metabolite
