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Taxation in the United States

Index Taxation in the United States

The United States of America has separate federal, state, and local government(s) with taxes imposed at each of these levels. [1]

143 relations: Abraham Lincoln, Adjusted gross income, Alternative minimum tax, American Civil War, American Opportunity Tax Credit, Amortization, Andrew Mellon, Articles of Confederation, ATA Carnet, Attorneys in the United States, Bill of lading, Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co., Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Capital gain, Capital gains tax in the United States, CCH (company), Certified Public Accountant, Chile, Constitutionality, Cost of goods sold, Country of origin, Customs, David R. Henderson, Depreciation, Direct tax, Earned income tax credit, Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, Electronic funds transfer, Enrolled agent, Eritrea, Fair market value, Federal government of the United States, Foreign earned income exclusion, Foreign tax credit, Foreign-trade zones of the United States, Form W-4, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (United States), Gift tax, Great Depression in the United States, Gross domestic product, Gross income, Income tax, Income tax in the United States, Individual Income Tax Act of 1944, Inheritance tax, Internal Revenue Bulletin, Internal Revenue Code, Internal Revenue Service, IRS penalties, ..., Itemized deduction, Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, Liberty Fund, Limited liability company, List of countries by tax rates, List of countries by tax revenue to GDP ratio, Local government in the United States, McCulloch v. Maryland, Mexico, National Bellas Hess v. Illinois, North American Free Trade Agreement, OECD, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, Ordinary income, Payroll tax, Personal exemption, Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., Presidency of George W. Bush, Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson, Presidency of Richard Nixon, Presidency of Ronald Reagan, Private letter ruling, Privately held company, Progressive tax, Property tax, Quill Corp. v. North Dakota, Real estate, Revenue Act of 1861, Revenue Act of 1916, Revenue Act of 1918, Revenue Act of 1921, Revenue Act of 1924, Revenue Act of 1926, Revenue Act of 1928, Revenue Act of 1932, Revenue Act of 1934, Revenue Act of 1935, Revenue Act of 1936, Revenue Act of 1940, Revenue Act of 1941, Revenue Act of 1942, Revenue Act of 1943, Revenue Act of 1945, Revenue Act of 1948, Revenue Act of 1950, Revenue Act of 1951, Revenue Act of 1964, Revenue Act of 1978, Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of 1968, Revenue ruling, S corporation, Sales tax, Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, South Carolina v. Baker, Standard deduction, Supreme Court of the United States, Tariffs in United States history, Tax, Tax accounting in the United States, Tax Analysts, Tax assessment, Tax consolidation, Tax credit, Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, Tax deduction, Tax exemption, Tax noncompliance, Tax protester, Tax protester arguments, Tax rate, Tax Reduction Act of 1975, Tax Reform Act of 1969, Tax Reform Act of 1986, Tax return (United States), Tax treaty, Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, The New York Times, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. state, United States, United States Commercial Service, United States Congress, United States Constitution, United States Department of Homeland Security, United States Department of Justice, United States Department of the Treasury, Value-added tax, War Revenue Act of 1917, Wealth tax, Withholding tax, World War I, World War II. Expand index (93 more) »

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

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Adjusted gross income

In the United States income tax system, adjusted gross income (AGI) is an individual's total gross income minus specific deductions.

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Alternative minimum tax

The alternative minimum tax (AMT) is a supplemental income tax imposed by the United States federal government required in addition to baseline income tax for certain individuals, corporations, estates, and trusts that have exemptions or special circumstances allowing for lower payments of standard income tax.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.

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American Opportunity Tax Credit

The American Opportunity Tax Credit is a partially refundable tax credit first detailed in Section 1004 of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.

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Amortization

Amortization (or amortisation) is paying off an amount owed over time by making planned, incremental payments of principal and interest.

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Andrew Mellon

Andrew William Mellon (March 24, 1855 – August 26, 1937), sometimes A.W., was an American banker, businessman, industrialist, philanthropist, art collector, and politician.

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Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution.

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ATA Carnet

The ATA Carnet is an international customs document that permits the tax-free and duty-free temporary export and import of goods for up to one year.

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Attorneys in the United States

An attorney at law (or attorney-at-law) in the United States is a practitioner in a court of law who is legally qualified to prosecute and defend actions in such court on the retainer of clients.

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Bill of lading

A bill of lading (sometimes abbreviated as B/L or BoL) is a document issued by a carrier (or their agent) to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment.

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Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.

Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co., 240 U.S. 1 (1916), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the validity of a tax statute called the Revenue Act of 1913, also known as the Tariff Act, Ch.

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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is a federal law enforcement organization within the United States Department of Justice.

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Capital gain

A capital gain refers to profit that results from a sale of a capital asset, such as stock, bond or real estate, where the sale price exceeds the purchase price.

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Capital gains tax in the United States

In the United States of America, individuals and corporations pay U.S. federal income tax on the net total of all their capital gains.

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CCH (company)

CCH (Commerce Clearing House), a Wolters Kluwer business, is a provider of software and information services for tax, accounting and audit workers.

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Certified Public Accountant

Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is the title of qualified accountants in numerous countries in the English-speaking world.

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Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Constitutionality

Constitutionality is the condition of acting in accordance with an applicable constitution; the status of a law, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the laws or guidelines set forth in the applicable constitution.

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Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold (COGS) refers to the carrying value of goods sold during a particular period.

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Country of origin

Country of origin (COO), is the country of manufacture, production, or growth where an article or product comes from.

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Customs

Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling the flow of goods, including animals, transports, personal, and hazardous items, into and out of a country.

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David R. Henderson

David R. Henderson (born November 21, 1950) is a Canadian-born American economist and author who moved to the United States in 1972 and became a U.S. citizen in 1986, serving on President Ronald Reagan’s Council of Economic Advisers from 1982 to 1984.

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Depreciation

In accountancy, depreciation refers to two aspects of the same concept.

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Direct tax

Though the actual definitions vary between jurisdictions, in general, a direct tax is a tax imposed upon a person or property as distinct from a tax imposed upon a transaction, which is described as an indirect tax.

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Earned income tax credit

The United States federal earned income tax credit or earned income credit (EITC or EIC) is a refundable tax credit for low- to moderate-income working individuals and couples, particularly those with children.

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Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001

The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (June 7, 2001) was a sweeping piece of tax legislation in the United States passed by the 107th Congress and signed by President George W. Bush.

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Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981

The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, also known as the ERTA or "Kemp–Roth Tax Cut", was a federal law enacted in the United States in 1981.

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Electronic funds transfer

Electronic funds transfer (EFT) is the electronic transfer of money from one bank account to another, either within a single financial institution or across multiple institutions, via computer-based systems, without the direct intervention of bank staff.

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Enrolled agent

Enrolled agent (or EA) is a tax advisor who is a federally authorized tax practitioner empowered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

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Eritrea

Eritrea (ኤርትራ), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa, with its capital at Asmara.

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Fair market value

Fair market value (FMV) is an estimate of the market value of a property, based on what a knowledgeable, willing, and unpressured buyer would probably pay to a knowledgeable, willing, and unpressured seller in the market.

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Federal government of the United States

The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government) is the national government of the United States, a constitutional republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D.C. (the nation's capital), and several territories.

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Foreign earned income exclusion

The United States taxes citizens and residents on their worldwide income.

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Foreign tax credit

A foreign tax credit (FTC) is generally offered by income tax systems that tax residents on worldwide income, to mitigate the potential for double taxation.

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Foreign-trade zones of the United States

In the United States, a foreign-trade zone (FTZ) is a geographical area, in (or adjacent to) a United States Port of Entry, where commercial merchandise, both domestic and foreign receives the same Customs treatment it would if it were outside the commerce of the United States.

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Form W-4

Form W-4 (otherwise known as the "Employee's Withholding Allowance Certificate") is an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax form completed by an employee in the United States to indicate his or her tax situation (exemptions, status, etc.) to the employer.

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Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (United States)

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, also called GAAP or US GAAP, is the accounting standard adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

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Gift tax

In economics, a gift tax is the tax on money or property that one living person gives to another.

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Great Depression in the United States

The Great Depression began in August 1929, when the United States economy first went into an economic recession.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

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Gross income

Gross income is all a person's receipts and gains from all sources, before any deductions.

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Income tax

An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) that varies with respective income or profits (taxable income).

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Income tax in the United States

Income taxes in the United States are imposed by the federal, most state, and many local governments.

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Individual Income Tax Act of 1944

The Individual Income Tax Act of 1944, Pub.

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Inheritance tax

A tax paid by a person who inherits money or property or a levy on the estate (money and property) of a person who has died.

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Internal Revenue Bulletin

The Internal Revenue Bulletin (also known as the IRB), is a weekly publication of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service that announces "official rulings and procedures of the Internal Revenue Service and for publishing Treasury Decisions, Executive Orders, Tax Conventions, legislation, court decisions, and other items of general interest." It began publication in 1919.

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Internal Revenue Code

The Internal Revenue Code (IRC), formally the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, is the domestic portion of federal statutory tax law in the United States, published in various volumes of the United States Statutes at Large, and separately as Title 26 of the United States Code (USC).

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Internal Revenue Service

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the revenue service of the United States federal government.

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IRS penalties

Taxpayers in the United States may face various penalties for failures related to Federal, state, and local tax matters.

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Itemized deduction

Under United States tax law, itemized deductions are eligible expenses that individual taxpayers can claim on federal income tax returns and which decrease their taxable income, and is claimable in place of a standard deduction, if available.

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Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003

The Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 ("JGTRRA"), was passed by the United States Congress on May 23, 2003 and signed into law by President George W. Bush on May 28, 2003.

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Liberty Fund

Liberty Fund, Inc. is a nonprofit foundation headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana which promulgates the libertarian views of its founder, Pierre F. Goodrich through publishing, conferences, and educational resources.

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Limited liability company

A limited liability company (LLC) is the United States of America-specific form of a private limited company.

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List of countries by tax rates

A comparison of tax rates by countries is difficult and somewhat subjective, as tax laws in most countries are extremely complex and the tax burden falls differently on different groups in each country and sub-national unit.

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List of countries by tax revenue to GDP ratio

This article lists countries alphabetically, with total tax revenue as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) for the listed countries.

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Local government in the United States

Local government in the United States refers to governmental jurisdictions below the level of the state.

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McCulloch v. Maryland

McCulloch v. Maryland,, was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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National Bellas Hess v. Illinois

In National Bellas Hess v. Department of Revenue of Illinois, 386 U.S. 753 (1967), the Supreme Court ruled that a mail order reseller was not required to collect sales tax unless it had some physical contact with the state.

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North American Free Trade Agreement

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA; Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN; French: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALÉNA) is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America.

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OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 35 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.

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Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993

The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (or OBRA-93) was a federal law that was enacted by the 103rd United States Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton.

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Ordinary income

Under the United States Internal Revenue Code, the type of income is defined by its character.

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Payroll tax

Payroll taxes are taxes imposed on employers or employees, and are usually calculated as a percentage of the salaries that employers pay their staff.

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Personal exemption

Under United States tax law, a personal exemption is an amount that a resident taxpayer is entitled to claim as a tax deduction against personal income in calculating taxable income and consequently federal income tax.

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Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.

Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Company,, affirmed on rehearing,, with a ruling of 5–4, was a landmark case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the unapportioned income taxes on interest, dividends and rents imposed by the Income Tax Act of 1894 were, in effect, direct taxes, and were unconstitutional because they violated the provision that direct taxes be apportioned.

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Presidency of George W. Bush

The presidency of George W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 2001, when George W. Bush was inaugurated as 43rd President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2009.

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Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson

The presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson began on November 22, 1963, when Johnson became the 36th President of the United States upon the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and ended on January 20, 1969.

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Presidency of Richard Nixon

The presidency of Richard Nixon began at noon EST on January 20, 1969, when Richard Nixon was inaugurated as 37th President of the United States, and ended on August 9, 1974, when he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office, the first U.S. president ever to do so.

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Presidency of Ronald Reagan

The presidency of Ronald Reagan began at noon EST on January 20, 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as 40th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1989.

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Private letter ruling

Private letter rulings (PLRs), in the United States, are written decisions by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in response to taxpayer requests for guidance.

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Privately held company

A privately held company, private company, or close corporation is a business company owned either by non-governmental organizations or by a relatively small number of shareholders or company members which does not offer or trade its company stock (shares) to the general public on the stock market exchanges, but rather the company's stock is offered, owned and traded or exchanged privately.

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Progressive tax

A progressive tax is a tax in which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases.

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Property tax

A property tax or millage rate is an ad valorem tax on the value of a property, usually levied on real estate.

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Quill Corp. v. North Dakota

Quill Corp.

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Real estate

Real estate is "property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this (also) an item of real property, (more generally) buildings or housing in general.

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Revenue Act of 1861

The Revenue Act of 1861, formally cited as, included the first U.S. Federal income tax statute (see). The Act, motivated by the need to fund the Civil War, imposed an income tax to be "levied, collected, and paid, upon the annual income of every person residing in the United States, whether such income is derived from any kind of property, or from any profession, trade, employment, or vocation carried on in the United States or elsewhere, or from any other source whatever " The tax imposed was a flat tax, with a rate of 3% on incomes above $800.

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Revenue Act of 1916

The United States Revenue Act of 1916, (ch. 463,, September 8, 1916) raised the lowest income tax rate from 1% to 2% and raised the top rate to 15% on taxpayers with incomes above $2 million.

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Revenue Act of 1918

The Revenue Act of 1918, 40 Stat.

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Revenue Act of 1921

The United States Revenue Act of 1921 (ch. 136,, November 23, 1921) was the first Republican tax reduction following their landslide victory in the 1920 federal elections.

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Revenue Act of 1924

The United States Revenue Act of 1924 (June 2, 1924), also known as the Mellon tax bill cut federal tax rates and established the U.S. Board of Tax Appeals, which was later renamed the United States Tax Court in 1942.

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Revenue Act of 1926

The United States Revenue Act of 1926,, reduced inheritance and personal income taxes, cancelled many excise imposts, eliminated the gift tax and ended public access to federal income tax returns.

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Revenue Act of 1928

The Revenue Act of 1928 (May 29, 1928, ch. 852, 45 Stat. 791), formerly codified in part at 26 U.S.C. sec.

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Revenue Act of 1932

The Revenue Act of 1932 (June 6, 1932, ch. 209) raised United States tax rates across the board, with the rate on top incomes rising from 25 percent to 63 percent.

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Revenue Act of 1934

The Revenue Act of 1934 (May 10, 1934, ch. 277) raised United States individual income tax rates marginally on higher incomes.

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Revenue Act of 1935

The Revenue Act of 1935, (Aug. 30, 1935), raised federal income tax on higher income levels, by introducing the "Wealth Tax".

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Revenue Act of 1936

The Revenue Act of 1936, (June 22, 1936), established an "undistributed profits tax" on corporations in the United States.

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Revenue Act of 1940

The Revenue Act of 1940 temporarily and permanently increased individual income tax rates, temporarily and permanently increased corporate tax rates (top rate rose from 19% to 33%), and temporarily increased most excise tax rates to 30-50%.

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Revenue Act of 1941

The Revenue Act of 1941 permanently extended the temporary individual, corporate, and excise tax increases of 1940, increased the excess profits tax by 10 percentage points (top rate rose from 50 to 60 percent) and increased corporate tax rates 6-7 percentage points (top rate increased from 24 percent to 31 percent).

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Revenue Act of 1942

The United States Revenue Act of 1942, Pub.

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Revenue Act of 1943

The United States Revenue Act of 1943 increased federal excise taxes on, among other things, alcohol, jewelry, telephones, and admissions, and raised the excess profits tax rate from 90% to 95%.

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Revenue Act of 1945

The United States Revenue Act of 1945, Public Law 214, 59 Stat.

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Revenue Act of 1948

The United States Revenue Act of 1948 reduced individual income tax rates 5-13 percent, increased the personal exemption amount from $500 to $600, permitted married couples to split their incomes for tax purposes, made the distinction between community property jurisdictions and non-community property jurisdictions less relevant in the administration of the income, estate, and gift taxes, and provided additional exemption for taxpayers age 65 and older.

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Revenue Act of 1950

The United States Revenue Act of 1950 eliminated a portion of the individual income tax rate reductions from the 1945 and 1948 tax acts, and increased the top corporate rate from 38 percent to 45 percent.

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Revenue Act of 1951

The United States Revenue Act of 1951 temporarily increased individual income tax rates through 1953, and temporarily raised corporate tax rates 5 percentage points through March 31, 1954.

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Revenue Act of 1964

The United States Revenue Act of 1964, also known as the Tax Reduction Act, was a bipartisan tax cut bill signed by President Lyndon Johnson on February 26, 1964.

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Revenue Act of 1978

The United States Revenue Act of 1978,, amended the Internal Revenue Code by reducing individual income taxes (widening tax brackets and reducing the number of tax rates), increasing the personal exemption from $750 to $1,000, reducing corporate tax rates (the top rate falling from 48 percent to 46 percent), increasing the standard deduction from $3,200 to $3,400 (joint returns), increasing the capital gains exclusion from 50 percent to 60 percent (effectively reducing the rate of taxation on realized capital gains to 28%), and repealing the non-business exemption for state and local gasoline taxes.

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Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of 1968

The United States Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of 1968 created a temporary 10 percent income tax surcharge on both individuals and corporations through June 30, 1969.

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Revenue ruling

Revenue Rulings are public administrative rulings by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the United States Department of the Treasury of the United States federal government that apply the law to particular factual situations.

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S corporation

An S corporation, for United States federal income tax purposes, is a closely held corporation (or, in some cases, a limited liability company (LLC) or a partnership) that makes a valid election to be taxed under Subchapter S of Chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code.

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Sales tax

A sales tax is a tax paid to a governing body for the sales of certain goods and services.

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Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Sixteenth Amendment (Amendment XVI) to the United States Constitution allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census.

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South Carolina v. Baker

South Carolina v. Baker,, was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that section 310(b)(1) of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA) does not violate the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

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Standard deduction

Under United States tax law, the standard deduction is a dollar amount that non-itemizers may subtract from their income before income tax is applied.

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Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest federal court of the United States.

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Tariffs in United States history

The tariff history of the United States spans from colonial times to present.

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Tax

A tax (from the Latin taxo) is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed upon a taxpayer (an individual or other legal entity) by a governmental organization in order to fund various public expenditures.

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Tax accounting in the United States

U.S. tax accounting refers to accounting for tax purposes in the United States.

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Tax Analysts

Tax Analysts is a nonprofit publisher of weekly magazines and daily online journals on tax policy and administration.

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Tax assessment

Tax assessment, or assessment, is the job of determining the value, and sometimes determining the use, of property, usually to calculate a property tax.

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Tax consolidation

Tax consolidation, or combined reporting, is a regime adopted in the tax or revenue legislation of a number of countries which treats a group of wholly owned or majority-owned companies and other entities (such as trusts and partnerships) as a single entity for tax purposes.

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Tax credit

A tax credit is a tax incentive which allows certain taxpayers to subtract the amount of the credit they have accrued from the total they owe the state.

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Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017

The Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018,, is a congressional revenue act originally introduced in Congress as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), that amended the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

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Tax deduction

Tax deduction is a reduction of income that is able to be taxed and is commonly a result of expenses, particularly those incurred to produce additional income.

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Tax exemption

Tax exemption is a monetary exemption which reduces taxable income.

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Tax noncompliance

Tax noncompliance is a range of activities that are unfavorable to a state's tax system.

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Tax protester

A tax protester is someone who refuses to pay a tax claiming that the tax laws are unconstitutional or otherwise invalid.

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Tax protester arguments

Tax protester arguments are arguments made by people, primarily in the United States, who contend that tax laws are unconstitutional or otherwise invalid.

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Tax rate

In a tax system, the tax rate is the ratio (usually expressed as a percentage) at which a business or person is taxed.

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Tax Reduction Act of 1975

The United States Tax Reduction Act of 1975 provided a 10 percent rebate on 1974 tax liability ($200 cap) and created a temporary $30 general tax credit for each taxpayer and dependent.

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Tax Reform Act of 1969

The Tax Reform Act of 1969 was a United States federal tax law signed by President Richard Nixon in 1969.

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Tax Reform Act of 1986

The U.S. Congress passed the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA) to simplify the income tax code, broaden the tax base and eliminate many tax shelters.

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Tax return (United States)

Tax returns in the United States are reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or with the state or local tax collection agency (California Franchise Tax Board, for example) containing information used to calculate income tax or other taxes.

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Tax treaty

Many countries have entered into tax treaties (also called double tax agreements, or DTAs) with other countries to avoid or mitigate double taxation.

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Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997

The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 reduced several federal taxes in the United States.

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Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Tenth Amendment (Amendment X) to the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, was ratified on December 15, 1791.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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U.S. Customs and Border Protection

United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is the largest federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security.

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U.S. state

A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Commercial Service

The United States Commercial Service (CS) is the trade promotion arm of the U.S. Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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United States Constitution

The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.

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United States Department of Homeland Security

The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is a cabinet department of the United States federal government with responsibilities in public security, roughly comparable to the interior or home ministries of other countries.

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United States Department of Justice

The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a federal executive department of the U.S. government, responsible for the enforcement of the law and administration of justice in the United States, equivalent to the justice or interior ministries of other countries. The department was formed in 1870 during the Ulysses S. Grant administration. The Department of Justice administers several federal law enforcement agencies including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The department is responsible for investigating instances of financial fraud, representing the United States government in legal matters (such as in cases before the Supreme Court), and running the federal prison system. The department is also responsible for reviewing the conduct of local law enforcement as directed by the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. The department is headed by the United States Attorney General, who is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate and is a member of the Cabinet. The current Attorney General is Jeff Sessions.

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United States Department of the Treasury

The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is an executive department and the treasury of the United States federal government.

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Value-added tax

A value-added tax (VAT), known in some countries as a goods and services tax (GST), is a type of tax that is assessed incrementally, based on the increase in value of a product or service at each stage of production or distribution.

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War Revenue Act of 1917

The United States War Revenue Act of 1917 greatly increased federal income tax rates while simultaneously lowering exemptions.

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Wealth tax

A wealth tax (also called a capital tax or equity tax) is a levy on the total value of personal assets, including: bank deposits, real estate, assets in insurance and pension plans, ownership of unincorporated businesses, financial securities, and personal trusts.

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Withholding tax

A withholding tax, or a retention tax, is an income tax to be paid to the government by the payer of the income rather than by the recipient of the income.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States

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