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27 relations: American Revolutionary War, Battle of Carillon, Battle of Lake George, Big Black River (Mississippi), British America, Connecticut General Assembly, Crown Point, New York, Durham, Connecticut, England, Fort Edward (town), New York, French and Indian War, George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle, Havana, James Abercrombie (British Army officer, born 1706), Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montreal, Natchez, Mississippi, New England, Oswego, New York, Peace of Paris (1783), Royal charter, Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Suffield, Connecticut, West Florida, Yale College.
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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Battle of Carillon
The Battle of Carillon, also known as the 1758 Battle of Ticonderoga,Chartrand (2000), p. 57 was fought on July 8, 1758, during the French and Indian War (which was part of the global Seven Years' War).
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Battle of Lake George
The Battle of Lake George was fought on 8 September 1755, in the north of the Province of New York.
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Big Black River (Mississippi)
Big Black River is a river in the U.S. state of Mississippi and a tributary of the Mississippi River.
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British America
British America refers to English Crown colony territories on the continent of North America and Bermuda, Central America, the Caribbean, and Guyana from 1607 to 1783.
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Connecticut General Assembly
The Connecticut General Assembly (CGA) is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut.
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Crown Point, New York
Crown Point is a town in Essex County, New York, United States, located on the west shore of Lake Champlain.
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Durham, Connecticut
Durham is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States.
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England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
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Fort Edward (town), New York
Fort Edward is a town in Washington County, New York, United States.
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French and Indian War
The French and Indian War (1754–63) comprised the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War of 1756–63.
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George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle
General George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle KG PC (London, 8 April 1724 – 13 October 1772), styled Viscount Bury until 1754, was a British soldier and nobleman.
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Havana
Havana (Spanish: La Habana) is the capital city, largest city, province, major port, and leading commercial center of Cuba.
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James Abercrombie (British Army officer, born 1706)
General James Abercrombie or Abercromby (1706 – 23 April 1781) was a British Army general and commander-in-chief of forces in North America during the French and Indian War, best known for the disastrous British losses in the 1758 Battle of Carillon.
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Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst
Field Marshal Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, (29 January 1717 – 3 August 1797) served as an officer in the British Army and as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces.
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Massachusetts
Massachusetts, officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.
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Mississippi
Mississippi is a state in the Southern United States, with part of its southern border formed by the Gulf of Mexico.
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Montreal
Montreal (officially Montréal) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada.
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Natchez, Mississippi
Natchez is the county seat and only city of Adams County, Mississippi, United States.
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New England
New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeastern United States: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut.
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Oswego, New York
Oswego is a city in Oswego County, New York, United States.
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Peace of Paris (1783)
The Peace of Paris of 1783 was the set of treaties which ended the American Revolutionary War.
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Royal charter
A royal charter is a formal document issued by a monarch as letters patent, granting a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.
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Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet
Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet (171511 July 1774) was an Irish official of the British Empire.
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Suffield, Connecticut
Suffield is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States.
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West Florida
West Florida (Florida Occidental) was a region on the north shore of the Gulf of Mexico that underwent several boundary and sovereignty changes during its history.
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Yale College
Yale College is the undergraduate liberal arts college of Yale University.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phineas_Lyman
