Communication

419 relations: Acid, Acids in wine, Adelaide Hills, Aging of wine, Airén, Aisne, Alabama wine, Albana (grape), Alcohol, Alcohol by volume, Alexander Valley AVA, Aligoté, Alsace wine, American wine, Ampelography, Anjou wine, Appellation, Appellation d'origine contrôlée, Apple, Apulia, Arbois, Ardèche, Argentine wine, Aristocracy, Arizona wine, Arkansas wine, Asian cuisine, Aube, Aubin vert, Australian wine, Austrian wine, Auxerrois blanc, Avize, Bachet noir, Baden (wine region), Barrel, Bâtard-Montrachet, Beaujolais, Beaunoir, Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet, Bollinger, Botrytis cinerea, Box wine, Bridget Jones, British Columbia, Brix, Bulgarian wine, Burgenland, Burgundy, Burgundy wine, ..., Butter, Butterscotch, Calcareous, California wine, Canadian wine, Canterbury, New Zealand, Canton of Grisons, Canton of Valais, Caramel, Casablanca, Chile, Catarratto, Côte Chalonnaise, Côte d'Or (escarpment), Côte de Beaune, Côte de Sézanne, Côte des Blancs, Côte-d'Or, Central Coast AVA, Central Valley (California), Chablis, Chablis wine, Chalk, Champagne, Champagne (wine region), Chaptalization, Chardonel, Chassagne-Montrachet, Chateau Montelena, Cheese, Chenin blanc, Chevalier-Montrachet, Chicken as food, Chilean wine, Cinnamon, Cistercians, Citrus, Clay, Clessé, Saône-et-Loire, Cloning, Clove, Coconut, Colombard, Colorado wine, Connecticut wine, Cortese, Corton-Charlemagne, Costers del Segre, Coteaux Champenois AOC, Coulure, Cowra, Cramant, Cream, Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet, Croatia, Croatian wine, Crusades, Cult wine, Cutting (plant), Cyprus, Dameron, Denominación de origen, Denominazione di origine controllata, Dessert wine, Diacetyl, Dijon, DNA profiling, Dolcetto, Ductility, Edible mushroom, Erbaluce, European Union, Export, Favorita (grape), Fermentation in winemaking, Finger Lakes AVA, Fish as food, Fog, Fossil, Franc Noir de la Haute-Saône, Frank J. 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Acid

An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid).

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Acids in wine

The acids in wine are an important component in both winemaking and the finished product of wine.

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Adelaide Hills

The Adelaide Hills are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges, east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia.

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Aging of wine

The aging of wine (American spelling) or ageing of wine (British spelling) is potentially able to improve the quality of wine.

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Airén

Airén is a variety of Vitis vinifera, a white grape commonly used in winemaking.

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Aisne

Aisne is a French department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

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Alabama wine

Alabama wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Albana (grape)

Albana is a white Italian wine grape planted primarily in the Emilia-Romagna region.

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Alcohol

In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a carbon.

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Alcohol by volume

Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as ABV, abv, or alc/vol) is a standard measure of how much alcohol (ethanol) is contained in a given volume of an alcoholic beverage (expressed as a volume percent).

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Alexander Valley AVA

The Alexander Valley (Wappo: Unutsawaholmanoma, "Toyon Bush Berry Place") is a Californian American Viticultural Area (AVA) just north of Healdsburg in Sonoma County.

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Aligoté

Aligoté is a white grape used to make dry white wines, especially in the Burgundy region of France where it was first recorded in the 18th century.

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Alsace wine

Alsace wine or Alsatian wine (in French: Vin d'Alsace) (German: Weinbau in Elsass) is produced in the Alsace region in France and is primarily white wine.

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American wine

American wine has been produced for over 300 years.

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Ampelography

Ampelography (ἄμπελος, "vine" + γράφος, "writing") is the field of botany concerned with the identification and classification of grapevines, ''Vitis'' spp. Traditionally this has been done by comparing the shape and colour of the vine leaves and grape berries; more recently the study of vines has been revolutionised by DNA fingerprinting.

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Anjou wine

Anjou wine is produced in the Loire Valley wine region of France near the city of Angers.

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Appellation

An appellation is a legally defined and protected geographical indication used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown; other types of food often have appellations as well.

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Appellation d'origine contrôlée

The appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC;; "protected designation of origin") is the French certification granted to certain French geographical indications for wines, cheeses, butters, and other agricultural products, all under the auspices of the government bureau Institut national des appellations d'origine, now called Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité (INAO).

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Apple

An apple is a sweet, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus pumila).

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Apulia

Apulia (Puglia; Pùglia; Pulia; translit) is a region of Italy in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Òtranto and Gulf of Taranto to the south.

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Arbois

Arbois is a commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

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Ardèche

Ardèche (Occitan and Arpitan: Ardecha) is a département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France.

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Argentine wine

Argentina is the fifth largest producer of wine in the world.

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Aristocracy

Aristocracy (Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, from ἄριστος aristos "excellent", and κράτος kratos "power") is a form of government that places strength in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class.

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Arizona wine

Arizona wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Arizona.

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Arkansas wine

Arkansas wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Arkansas.

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Asian cuisine

Asian cuisine includes several major regional cuisines: East Asian, Southeast Asian, South Asian, Central Asian, and Middle Eastern/Western Asian.

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Aube

Aube is a French department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

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Aubin vert

Aubin vert is a white French wine grape variety that is grown in the Lorraine region where it is an authorized variety for the Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) wines of the Moselle.

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Australian wine

The Australian wine industry is the world's fourth largest exporter of wine with approximately 750 million litres a year to the international export market with only about 40% of production consumed domestically.

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Austrian wine

Austrian wines are mostly dry white wines (often made from the Grüner Veltliner grape), though some sweeter white wines (such as dessert wines made around the Neusiedler See) are also produced.

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Auxerrois blanc

Auxerrois blanc or Auxerrois Blanc de Laquenexy is a white wine grape that is important in Alsace, and is also grown in Germany and Luxembourg.

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Avize

Avize is a commune in the Marne department in northeastern France.

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Bachet noir

Bachet noir is a traditional French variety of red wine grape that is a sibling of Chardonnay.

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Baden (wine region)

Baden is a region (Anbaugebiet) for quality wine in Germany,, read on January 1, 2008 and is located in the historical region of Baden in southwestern Germany, which today forms part of the federal state of Baden-Württemberg.

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Barrel

A barrel, cask, or tun is a hollow cylindrical container, traditionally made of wooden staves bound by wooden or metal hoops.

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Bâtard-Montrachet

Bâtard-Montrachet is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for white wine from Chardonnay in the Côte de Beaune subregion of Burgundy.

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Beaujolais

Beaujolais is a French Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) wine generally made of the Gamay grape which has a thin skin and is low in tannins.

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Beaunoir

Beaunoir is a traditional French variety of red wine grape that is a sibling of Chardonnay.

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Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet

Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for white wine from Chardonnay in the Côte de Beaune subregion of Burgundy.

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Bollinger

Bollinger is a Champagne house, a producer of sparkling wines from the Champagne region of France.

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Botrytis cinerea

Botrytis cinerea ("botrytis" from Ancient Greek botrys (βότρυς) meaning "grapes" plus the New Latin suffix -itis for disease) is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes.

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Box wine

Box wine (cask wine or boxed wine) is wine packaged in a bag-in-box.

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Bridget Jones

Bridget Jones is a franchise based on a fictional character of the same name created by British writer Helen Fielding.

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British Columbia

British Columbia (BC; Colombie-Britannique) is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.

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Brix

Degrees Brix (symbol °Bx) is the sugar content of an aqueous solution.

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Bulgarian wine

Grape growing and wine production have a long history in Bulgaria, dating back to the times of the Thracians.

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Burgenland

Burgenland (Őrvidék; Gradišće; Gradiščanska; Hradsko; is the easternmost and least populous state of Austria. It consists of two statutory cities and seven rural districts, with in total 171 municipalities. It is long from north to south but much narrower from west to east (wide at Sieggraben). The region is part of the Centrope Project.

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Burgundy

Burgundy (Bourgogne) is a historical territory and a former administrative region of France.

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Burgundy wine

Burgundy wine (Bourgogne or vin de Bourgogne) is wine made in the Burgundy region in eastern France, in the valleys and slopes west of the Saône, a tributary of the Rhône.

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Butter

Butter is a dairy product containing up to 80% butterfat (in commercial products) which is solid when chilled and at room temperature in some regions and liquid when warmed.

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Butterscotch

Butterscotch is a type of confectionery whose primary ingredients are brown sugar and butter, but other ingredients are part of some recipes, such as corn syrup, cream, vanilla and salt.

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Calcareous

Calcareous is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky.

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California wine

California wine is wine made in the U.S. state of California.

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Canadian wine

Canadian wine is produced in mainly southern British Columbia and southern Ontario.

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Canterbury, New Zealand

Canterbury (Waitaha) is a region of New Zealand, located in the central-eastern South Island.

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Canton of Grisons

The canton of (the) Grisons, or canton of Graubünden is the largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland.

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Canton of Valais

The canton of Valais (Kanton Wallis) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland, situated in the southwestern part of the country, around the valley of the Rhône from its headwaters to Lake Geneva, separating the Pennine Alps from the Bernese Alps.

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Caramel

Caramel is a medium- to dark-orange confectionery product made by heating a variety of sugars.

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Casablanca, Chile

Casablanca, meaning "white house", is a Chilean city and commune located in Valparaíso Province, Valparaíso Region.

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Catarratto

Catarratto is a white Italian wine grape planted primarily in Sicily where it is the most widely planted grape.

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Côte Chalonnaise

Côte Chalonnaise is a subregion of the Burgundy wine region of France.

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Côte d'Or (escarpment)

The Côte d'Or is a limestone escarpment in Burgundy, France that lends its name to the department which was formed around it.

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Côte de Beaune

The Côte de Beaune area is the southern part of the Côte d'Or, the limestone ridge that is home to the great names of Burgundy wine.

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Côte de Sézanne

Côte de Sézanne is one of the five sub-regions of the Champagne wine region.

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Côte des Blancs

The Côte des Blancs is an area of Champagne vineyards.

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Côte-d'Or

Côte-d'Or (literally, "golden slope") is a department in the eastern part of France.

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Central Coast AVA

The Central Coast AVA is a large American Viticultural Area that spans from Santa Barbara County in the south to the San Francisco Bay Area in the north.

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Central Valley (California)

The Central Valley is a flat valley that dominates the geographical center of the U.S. state of California.

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Chablis

Chablis is a town and commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

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Chablis wine

The Chablis region is the northernmost wine district of the Burgundy region in France.

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Chalk

Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite.

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Champagne

Champagne is sparkling wine or, in EU countries, legally only that sparkling wine which comes from the Champagne region of France.

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Champagne (wine region)

The Champagne wine region (archaic Champany) is a wine region within the historical province of Champagne in the northeast of France.

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Chaptalization

Chaptalization is the process of adding sugar to unfermented grape must in order to increase the alcohol content after fermentation.

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Chardonel

Chardonel is a late ripening white wine hybrid grape which can produce a high quality wine with varietal character.

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Chassagne-Montrachet

Chassagne-Montrachet is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

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Chateau Montelena

Chateau Montelena is a Napa Valley winery most famous for winning the white wine section of the historic "Judgment of Paris" wine competition.

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Cheese

Cheese is a dairy product derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.

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Chenin blanc

Chenin blanc (known also as Pineau de la Loire among other names) is a White wine grape variety from the Loire Valley of France.

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Chevalier-Montrachet

Chevalier-Montrachet is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for white wine from Chardonnay in the Côte de Beaune subregion of Burgundy.

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Chicken as food

Chicken is the most common type of poultry in the world.

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Chilean wine

Chilean wine has a long history for a New World wine region, as it was the 16th century when the Spanish conquistadors brought Vitis vinifera vines with them as they colonized the region.

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Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus Cinnamomum.

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Cistercians

A Cistercian is a member of the Cistercian Order (abbreviated as OCist, SOCist ((Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis), or ‘’’OCSO’’’ (Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae), which are religious orders of monks and nuns. They are also known as “Trappists”; as Bernardines, after the highly influential St. Bernard of Clairvaux (though that term is also used of the Franciscan Order in Poland and Lithuania); or as White Monks, in reference to the colour of the "cuccula" or white choir robe worn by the Cistercians over their habits, as opposed to the black cuccula worn by Benedictine monks. The original emphasis of Cistercian life was on manual labour and self-sufficiency, and many abbeys have traditionally supported themselves through activities such as agriculture and brewing ales. Over the centuries, however, education and academic pursuits came to dominate the life of many monasteries. A reform movement seeking to restore the simpler lifestyle of the original Cistercians began in 17th-century France at La Trappe Abbey, leading eventually to the Holy See’s reorganization in 1892 of reformed houses into a single order Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (OCSO), commonly called the Trappists. Cistercians who did not observe these reforms became known as the Cistercians of the Original Observance. The term Cistercian (French Cistercien), derives from Cistercium, the Latin name for the village of Cîteaux, near Dijon in eastern France. It was in this village that a group of Benedictine monks from the monastery of Molesme founded Cîteaux Abbey in 1098, with the goal of following more closely the Rule of Saint Benedict. The best known of them were Robert of Molesme, Alberic of Cîteaux and the English monk Stephen Harding, who were the first three abbots. Bernard of Clairvaux entered the monastery in the early 1110s with 30 companions and helped the rapid proliferation of the order. By the end of the 12th century, the order had spread throughout France and into England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Eastern Europe. The keynote of Cistercian life was a return to literal observance of the Rule of St Benedict. Rejecting the developments the Benedictines had undergone, the monks tried to replicate monastic life exactly as it had been in Saint Benedict's time; indeed in various points they went beyond it in austerity. The most striking feature in the reform was the return to manual labour, especially agricultural work in the fields, a special characteristic of Cistercian life. Cistercian architecture is considered one of the most beautiful styles of medieval architecture. Additionally, in relation to fields such as agriculture, hydraulic engineering and metallurgy, the Cistercians became the main force of technological diffusion in medieval Europe. The Cistercians were adversely affected in England by the Protestant Reformation, the Dissolution of the Monasteries under King Henry VIII, the French Revolution in continental Europe, and the revolutions of the 18th century, but some survived and the order recovered in the 19th century.

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Citrus

Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae.

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Clay

Clay is a finely-grained natural rock or soil material that combines one or more clay minerals with possible traces of quartz (SiO2), metal oxides (Al2O3, MgO etc.) and organic matter.

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Clessé, Saône-et-Loire

Clessé is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne in eastern France.

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Cloning

Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially.

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Clove

Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum.

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Coconut

The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family) and the only species of the genus Cocos.

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Colombard

Colombard (also known as French Colombard in North America) is a white French wine grape variety that is the offspring of Chenin blanc and Gouais blanc.

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Colorado wine

Colorado wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Colorado.

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Connecticut wine

Connecticut wine refers to wine made from grapes and other fruit grown in the U.S. state of Connecticut.

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Cortese

Cortese is a white Italian wine grape variety predominantly grown in the southeastern regions of Piedmont in the provinces of Alessandria and Asti.

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Corton-Charlemagne

Corton-Charlemagne is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for white wine in Côte de Beaune subregion of Burgundy.

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Costers del Segre

Costers del Segre is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) (Denominació d'Origen in Catalan) for wines located in the province of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain) and is divided into several separate sub-zones.

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Coteaux Champenois AOC

Coteaux Champenois is a wine Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) in the Champagne province of France.

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Coulure

Coulure (pronounced coo-LYUR) is a viticultural hazard that is the result of metabolic reactions to weather conditions that causes a failure of grapes to develop after flowering.

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Cowra

Cowra is a town in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia.

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Cramant

Cramant is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.

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Cream

Cream is a dairy product composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization.

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Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet

Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for white wine from Chardonnay in the Côte de Beaune subregion of Burgundy.

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Croatia

Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea.

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Croatian wine

Croatian wine (vino, pl. vina) has a history dating back to the Ancient Greek settlers, and their wine production on the southern Dalmatian islands of Vis, Hvar and Korčula some 2,500 years ago.

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Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.

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Cult wine

Cult wines are those for which dedicated groups of committed enthusiasts will pay large sums of money.

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Cutting (plant)

A plant cutting is a piece of a plant that is used in horticulture for vegetative (asexual) propagation.

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Cyprus

Cyprus (Κύπρος; Kıbrıs), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean.

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Dameron

Dameron is a traditional French variety of red wine grape that is a sibling of Gamay.

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Denominación de origen

The denominación de origen ('designation of origin')In other languages of Spain.

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Denominazione di origine controllata

Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC;; English: controlled designation of origin) is a quality assurance label for Italian wines.

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Dessert wine

Dessert wines, sometimes called pudding wines, are sweet wines typically served with dessert.

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Diacetyl

Diacetyl (IUPAC systematic name: butanedione or butane-2,3-dione) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3CO)2.

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Dijon

Dijon is a city in eastern:France, capital of the Côte-d'Or département and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.

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DNA profiling

DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting, DNA testing, or DNA typing) is the process of determining an individual's DNA characteristics, which are as unique as fingerprints.

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Dolcetto

Dolcetto is a black Italian wine grape variety widely grown in the Piedmont region of northwest Italy.

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Ductility

Ductility is a measure of a material's ability to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture, which may be expressed as percent elongation or percent area reduction from a tensile test.

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Edible mushroom

Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies of several species of macrofungi (fungi which bear fruiting structures that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye).

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Erbaluce

Erbaluce or Erbaluce bianca is a white Italian wine grape grown primarily in the Piedmont region around Caluso, in Canavese.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Export

The term export means sending of goods or services produced in one country to another country.

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Favorita (grape)

Favorita is a white Italian wine grape grown primarily in the Piedmont region.

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Fermentation in winemaking

The process of fermentation in winemaking turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage.

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Finger Lakes AVA

The Finger Lakes AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Upstate New York, south of Lake Ontario.

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Fish as food

Many species of fish are consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world.

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Fog

Fog is a visible aerosol consisting of minute water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the Earth's surface.

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Fossil

A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.

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Franc Noir de la Haute-Saône

Franc Noir de la Haute-Saône is a traditional French variety of red wine grape that is a sibling of Chardonnay.

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Frank J. Prial

Frank J. Prial (November 4, 1930 – November 6, 2012) was a journalist and author, and the wine columnist for The New York Times for 25 years, writing the weekly "Wine Talk" column largely since 1972 until his retirement in 2004.

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French wine

French wine is produced all throughout France, in quantities between 50 and 60 million hectolitres per year, or 7–8 billion bottles.

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Friuli-Venezia Giulia wine

Friuli-Venezia Giulia wine (or Friuli wine) is wine made in the northeastern Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

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Frost

Frost is the coating or deposit of ice that may form in humid air in cold conditions, usually overnight.

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Fuji (apple)

The Fuji apple is an apple hybrid developed by growers at Tohoku Research Station (農林省園芸試験場東北支場) in Fujisaki, Aomori, Japan, in the late 1930s, and brought to market in 1962.

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Gala (apple)

Gala is a clonally propagated apple cultivar with a mild and sweet flavor.

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Gamay

Gamay is a purple-colored grape variety used to make red wines, most notably grown in Beaujolais and in the Loire Valley around Tours.

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Gamay Blanc Gloriod

Gamay Blanc Gloriod is an obscure French variety of white wine grape.

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Garganega

Garganega is a variety of white Italian wine grape widely grown in the Veneto region of North East Italy, particularly in the provinces of Verona and Vicenza.

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Garlic

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, Allium.

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Geelong

Geelong is a port city located on Corio Bay and the Barwon River, in the state of Victoria, Australia.Geelong is south-west of the state capital, Melbourne.

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Genetically modified organism

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques (i.e., a genetically engineered organism).

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Geneva

Geneva (Genève, Genèva, Genf, Ginevra, Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of the Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.

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Georgian wine

Georgia is one of the oldest wine regions in the world.

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German wine

German wine is primarily produced in the west of Germany, along the river Rhine and its tributaries, with the oldest plantations going back to the Roman era.

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Gewürztraminer

Gewürztraminer is an aromatic wine grape variety, used in white wines, and performs best in cooler climates.

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Gisborne, New Zealand

Gisborne (Tūranga-nui-a-Kiwa "Great standing place of Kiwa") is a city in northeastern New Zealand and the largest settlement in the Gisborne District (or Gisborne Region).

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Globalization of wine

Globalization of wine is the expansion of wine varietals and brands across nations and to other continents, especially in modern times as a result of the advent of air travel and access to wine information via the internet.

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Golden Delicious

The Golden Delicious is a cultivar of apple with a yellow color, not closely related to the Red Delicious apple.

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Gouais blanc

Gouais blanc or Weißer Heunisch is a white grape variety that is seldom grown today but is important as the ancestor of many traditional French and German grape varieties.

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Great Chardonnay Showdown

The Great Chardonnay Showdown, held in the spring of 1980, was organized by Craig Goldwyn, the wine columnist for the Chicago Tribune and the founder of the Beverage Testing Institute, with help from three Chicago wine stores.

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Great Southern (Western Australia)

The Great Southern Region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia, as defined by the Regional Development Commissions Act 1993, for the purposes of economic development.

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Greek wine

Greece is one of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world and among the first wine-producing territories in Europe.

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Grenache

Grenache or Garnacha is one of the most widely planted red wine grape varieties in the world.

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Guacamole

Guacamole (or; sometimes informally referred to as "guac" in North America) is an avocado-based dip, spread, or salad first developed by the Aztecs in what is now Mexico.

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Guava

Guavas (singular guava) are common tropical fruits cultivated and enjoyed in many tropical and subtropical regions.

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Hanzell Vineyards

Hanzell Vineyards is a California wine producer located just outside the town of Sonoma.

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Harold Olmo

Dr.

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Harvest (wine)

The harvesting of wine grapes (Vintage) is one of the most crucial steps in the process of wine-making.

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Hawke's Bay Region

Hawke's Bay Region (Te Matau-a-Māui) is a region of New Zealand on the east coast of the North Island.

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Hazelnut

The hazelnut is the nut of the hazel and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus Corylus, especially the nuts of the species Corylus avellana.

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Heterosis

Heterosis, hybrid vigor, or outbreeding enhancement, is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring.

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Honey

Honey is a sweet, viscous food substance produced by bees and some related insects.

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Hungarian wine

Hungarian wine has a history dating back to the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Hunter Region

The Hunter Region, also commonly known as the Hunter Valley, is a region of New South Wales, Australia, extending from approximately to north of Sydney.

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Hybrid (biology)

In biology, a hybrid, or crossbreed, is the result of combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction.

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Ice wine

Ice wine (or icewine; Eiswein) is a type of dessert wine produced from grapes that have been frozen while still on the vine.

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Idaho wine

Idaho wine refers to wine made from the U.S. state of Idaho.

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Illinois wine

Illinois wine refers to any wine that is made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Incrocio Manzoni

Incrocio Manzoni or Manzoni grapes is a family of grape varieties named after Professor Luigi Manzoni (1888-1968) of Italy's oldest school of oenology located in Conegliano, in the Veneto region.

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Indian wine

The modern wine market in India is small; annual per capita consumption of wine in the country is a mere 9 milliliters, approximately 1/8000th that of France.

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Indiana wine

Indiana wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Indiana.

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Indigenous (ecology)

In biogeography, a species is defined as indigenous to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only natural process, with no human intervention.

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International Organisation of Vine and Wine

The International Organisation of Vine and Wine (Organisation Internationale de la vigne et du vin; OIV) is an intergovernmental organization which deals with technical and scientific aspects of viticulture and winemaking.

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International variety

An international variety is a grape variety that is widely planted in most of the major wine producing regions and has widespread appeal and consumer recognition.

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Iowa wine

Iowa wine refers to wine manufactured in the U.S. state of Iowa.

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Israeli wine

Israeli wine is produced by hundreds of wineries, ranging in size from small boutique enterprises to large companies producing over ten million bottles per year.

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Italian wine

Italy is home to some of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world, and Italian wines are known worldwide for their broad variety.

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James Busby

James Busby (7 February 1802 – 15 July 1871) is widely regarded as the "father" of the Australian wine industry, as he brought the first collection of vine stock from Spain and France to Australia.

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James David Zellerbach

James David Zellerbach (January 17, 1892 - August 3, 1963) was an American businessman and ambassador.

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Jancis Robinson

Jancis Mary Robinson OBE, ComMA, MW (born 22 April 1950) is a British wine critic, journalist and wine writer.

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Jonathan (apple)

The Jonathan apple is a medium-sized sweet apple, with a touch of acid and a tough but smooth skin.

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Judgment of Paris (wine)

The Paris Wine Tasting of 1976 — known as the Judgment of Paris — was a wine competition organized in Paris on 24 May 1976 by Steven Spurrier, a British wine merchant, in which French judges carried out two blind tasting comparisons: one of top-quality Chardonnays and another of red wines (Bordeaux wines from France and Cabernet Sauvignon wines from California).

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Jug wine

"Jug wine" is a term in the United States for inexpensive table wine (or "bulk wine") typically bottled in a glass jug.

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Jura wine

Jura wine is French wine produced in the Jura département.

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Kimmeridge

Kimmeridge is a small village and civil parish on the Isle of Purbeck, a peninsula on the English Channel coast in Dorset, England.

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Kimmeridge Clay

The Kimmeridge Clay is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay which is of Jurassic age and occurs in Europe.

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Kimmeridgian

In the geologic timescale, the Kimmeridgian is an age or stage in the Late or Upper Jurassic epoch or series.

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Knipperlé

Knipperlé is a traditional French variety of white wine grape from Alsace.

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Konstantin Frank

Dr.

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Lactic acid

Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.

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Languedoc

Languedoc (Lengadòc) is a former province of France.

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Languedoc-Roussillon wine

Languedoc-Roussillon wine, including the vin de pays labeled Vin de Pays d'Oc, is produced in southern France.

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Late harvest wine

Late harvest wine is wine made from grapes left on the vine longer than usual.

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Leaf

A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem.

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Lebanese wine

Lebanon is among the oldest sites of wine production in the world.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (لبنان; Lebanese pronunciation:; Liban), officially known as the Lebanese RepublicRepublic of Lebanon is the most common phrase used by Lebanese government agencies.

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Lees (fermentation)

Lees are deposits of dead yeast or residual yeast and other particles that precipitate, or are carried by the action of "fining", to the bottom of a vat of wine after fermentation and aging.

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Limestone

Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.

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Limoux

Limoux (Limós) is a commune and subprefecture in the Aude department, a part of the ancient Languedoc province and the present-day Occitanie region in southern France.

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Limoux wine

Limoux wine is produced around the city of Limoux in Languedoc in southwestern France.

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Liquorice

Liquorice (British English) or licorice (American English) is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted.

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List of Burgundy Grand Crus

Grand Cru (great growth) is the highest level in the vineyard classification of Burgundy.

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List of Champagne houses

The listing below comprises some of the more prominent houses of Champagne.

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List of grape varieties

This list of grape varieties includes cultivated grapes, whether used for wine, or eating as a table grape, fresh or dried (raisin, currant, sultana).

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List of vineyard soil types

The soil composition of vineyards is one of the most important viticultural considerations when planting grape vines.

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List of wine-producing regions

This list of wine-producing regions catalogues significant growing regions where vineyards are planted.

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Litre

The litre (SI spelling) or liter (American spelling) (symbols L or l, sometimes abbreviated ltr) is an SI accepted metric system unit of volume equal to 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), 1,000 cubic centimetres (cm3) or 1/1,000 cubic metre. A cubic decimetre (or litre) occupies a volume of 10 cm×10 cm×10 cm (see figure) and is thus equal to one-thousandth of a cubic metre. The original French metric system used the litre as a base unit. The word litre is derived from an older French unit, the litron, whose name came from Greek — where it was a unit of weight, not volume — via Latin, and which equalled approximately 0.831 litres. The litre was also used in several subsequent versions of the metric system and is accepted for use with the SI,, p. 124. ("Days" and "hours" are examples of other non-SI units that SI accepts.) although not an SI unit — the SI unit of volume is the cubic metre (m3). The spelling used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures is "litre", a spelling which is shared by almost all English-speaking countries. The spelling "liter" is predominantly used in American English. One litre of liquid water has a mass of almost exactly one kilogram, because the kilogram was originally defined in 1795 as the mass of one cubic decimetre of water at the temperature of melting ice. Subsequent redefinitions of the metre and kilogram mean that this relationship is no longer exact.

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Livermore Valley AVA

The Livermore Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area in Alameda County, California, surrounding the city of Livermore in the Tri-Valley region.

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Loire Valley

The Loire Valley (Vallée de la Loire), spanning, is located in the middle stretch of the Loire River in central France, in both the administrative regions Pays de la Loire and Centre-Val de Loire.

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Loire Valley (wine)

The Loire Valley wine region includes the French wine regions situated along the Loire River from the Muscadet region near the city of Nantes on the Atlantic coast to the region of Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé just southeast of the city of Orléans in north central France.

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Lombardia (wine)

Lombardia (Lombardy) wine is the Italian wine produced in the Lombardy region of north central Italy.

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Los Carneros AVA

Los Carneros AVA (also known as Carneros AVA) is an American Viticultural Area which includes parts of both Sonoma and Napa counties in California, U.S.A..

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Louis Roederer

Louis Roederer is a producer of Champagne based in Reims, France.

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Macedonian wine

The Republic of Macedonia produces wine on some of vineyards, and the production was 108,100 tonnes in 2008.

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Maceration (wine)

Maceration is the winemaking process where the phenolic materials of the grape—tannins, coloring agents (anthocyanins) and flavor compounds—are leached from the grape skins, seeds and stems into the must.

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Maison Louis Jadot

Maison Louis Jadot (or Louis Jadot) is a winery that was founded by Louis Henry Denis Jadot in 1859.

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Malic acid

Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5.

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Malolactic fermentation

Malolactic fermentation (also known as malolactic conversion or MLF) is a process in winemaking in which tart-tasting malic acid, naturally present in grape must, is converted to softer-tasting lactic acid.

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Mango

Mangoes are juicy stone fruit (drupe) from numerous species of tropical trees belonging to the flowering plant genus Mangifera, cultivated mostly for their edible fruit.

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Marl

Marl or marlstone is a calcium carbonate or lime-rich mud or mudstone which contains variable amounts of clays and silt.

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Marlborough Region

The Marlborough Region, commonly known simply as Marlborough, is one of the regions of New Zealand, located in the northeast of the South Island.

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Marne

Marne is a department in north-eastern France named after the river Marne (Matrona in Roman times) which flows through the department.

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Maryland wine

Maryland wine is wine made in the U.S. state of Maryland.

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Marzipan

Marzipan is a confection consisting primarily of sugar or honey and almond meal (ground almonds), sometimes augmented with almond oil or extract.

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Massachusetts wine

Massachusetts wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.

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Mauzac (grape)

Mauzac or Mauzac blanc a white variety of grape used for wine, of the species Vitis vinifera.

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Maynard Amerine

Maynard Amerine (1911–1998) was a pioneering researcher in the cultivation, fermentation, and sensory evaluation of wine.

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Mâcon

Mâcon, historically anglicized as Mascon, is a small city in east-central France.

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Mâconnais

The Mâconnais district is located in the south of the Burgundy wine region in France, west of the Saône river.

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Mean

In mathematics, mean has several different definitions depending on the context.

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Melon

A melon is any of various plants of the family Cucurbitaceae with sweet edible, fleshy fruit.

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Melon de Bourgogne

Melon de Bourgogne or Melon is a variety of white grape grown primarily in the Loire Valley region of France.

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Mendoza wine

Mendoza Province is Argentina's most important wine region, accounting for nearly two-thirds of the country's entire wine production.

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Mercurey

Mercurey is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the Bourgogne region of eastern France.

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Meursault

Meursault is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department and region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

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Michigan wine

Michigan wine refers to any wine that is made in the state of Michigan in the United States.

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Millerandage

Millerandage (or shot berries, hens and chicks and pumpkins and peas) is a potential viticultural hazard problem in which grape bunches contain berries that differ greatly in size and, most importantly, maturity.

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Mineral

A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and not produced by life processes.

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Minnesota wine

Minnesota wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Minnesota.

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Missouri wine

Missouri Wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Missouri.

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Moët & Chandon

Moët & Chandon, or Moët, is a French fine winery and co-owner of the luxury goods company LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE.

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Moldovan wine

With a production of 124,200 tons of wine (as of 2009), Moldova has a well-established wine industry.

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Montagne de Reims

Montagne de Reims is one of the five sub-regions of the Champagne wine region.

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Montagny-lès-Buxy

Montagny-lès-Buxy is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne in eastern France.

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Monterey County, California

Monterey County is a county located on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California.

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Montrachet

Montrachet is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for white wine made of Chardonnay in the Côte de Beaune subregion of Burgundy.

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Mornington Peninsula

The Mornington Peninsula is a peninsula located south-east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

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Mount Barker, Western Australia

Mount Barker is a town on the Albany Highway and is the administrative centre of the Shire of Plantagenet in the Great Southern region of Western Australia.

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Mourvèdre

Mourvèdre (also known as Mataró or Monastrell) is a red wine grape variety that is grown in many regions around the world including the Rhône and Provence regions of France, the Valencia and Jumilla denominaciones de origen of Spain, California and Washington State and the Australian regions of South Australia and New South Wales, as well as South Africa.

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Mouthfeel

Mouthfeel refers to the physical sensations in the mouth caused by food or drink, as distinct from taste.

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Mudgee

Mudgee is a town in the Central West of New South Wales, Australia.

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Murray Tyrrell (winemaker)

Murray Davey Tyrrell AM (10 February 19212 October 2000) was a prominent Australian winemaker.

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Muscadet

Muscadet is a French white wine.

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Muscat (grape)

The Muscat family of grapes include over 200 grape varieties belonging to the Vitis vinifera species that have been used in wine production and as raisin and table grapes around the globe for many centuries.

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Musigny AOC

Musigny, sometimes referred to as Le Musigny, is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for red and white wine in Côte de Nuits of Burgundy.

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Napa Valley AVA

Napa Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Napa County, California, United States.

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Navarra (DO)

Navarra is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines that extends over practically the entire southern half of the autonomous community of Navarre (Spanish Navarra, Basque Nafarroa).

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Nebbiolo

Nebbiolo (Italian), or Nebieul (Piedmontese) is an Italian red wine grape variety predominantly associated with its native Piedmont region, where it makes the Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) wines of Barolo, Barbaresco, Roero, Gattinara and Ghemme.

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Negroamaro

Negroamaro (seldom Negro amaro), is a red wine grape variety native to southern Italy.

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Nelson, New Zealand

Nelson (Whakatū) is a city on the eastern shores of Tasman Bay.

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New Hampshire wine

New Hampshire wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of New Hampshire.

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New Jersey wine

The production of wine in New Jersey has increased significantly in the last thirty years with opening of new wineries.

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New Mexico wine

New Mexico has a long history of wine production in the United States.

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New South Wales

New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of:Australia.

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New World wine

New World wines are those wines produced outside the traditional wine-growing areas of Europe and the Middle East, in particular from Argentina, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States.

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New York State Agricultural Experiment Station

The New York State Agricultural Experiment Station (NYSAES) at Geneva, Ontario County, New York State, is an integral part of the New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University.

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New York wine

New York wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of New York.

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New Zealand wine

New Zealand wine is produced in several mostly maritime, cool climate wine growing regions of New Zealand, an island country in the South Pacific Ocean.

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North Carolina wine

North Carolina wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of North Carolina.

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North Island

The North Island (Māori: Te Ika-a-Māui) is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the slightly larger but much less populous South Island by Cook Strait.

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Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia (Latin for "New Scotland"; Nouvelle-Écosse; Scottish Gaelic: Alba Nuadh) is one of Canada's three maritime provinces, and one of the four provinces that form Atlantic Canada.

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Nuragus (grape)

Nuragus is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown in Sardinia.

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Oak (wine)

Oak is used in winemaking to vary the color, flavor, tannin profile and texture of wine.

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Ohio wine

Ohio wine (or "Ohioan wine") refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Okanagan Valley (wine region)

No description.

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Oklahoma wine

Oklahoma wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

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Ontario wine

Ontario wine is Canadian wine produced in the province of Ontario that is certified by VQA Ontario.

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Oregon wine

The state of Oregon in the United States has established an international reputation for its production of wine, ranking fourth in the country behind California, Washington, and New York.

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Oxygenation (environmental)

Environmental oxygenation can be important to the sustainability of a particular ecosystem.

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Oz Clarke

Robert Owen "Oz" Clarke is a British wine writer, television presenter and broadcaster.

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Palatinate (wine region)

Palatinate (Pfalz) is a German wine-growing region (Weinbaugebiet) in the area of Bad Dürkheim, Neustadt an der Weinstraße, and Landau in Rhineland-Palatinate.

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Paris Basin

The Paris Basin is one of the major geological regions of France having developed since the Triassic on a basement formed by the Variscan orogeny.

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Peach

The peach (Prunus persica) is a deciduous tree native to the region of Northwest China between the Tarim Basin and the north slopes of the Kunlun Mountains, where it was first domesticated and cultivated.

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Penfolds

Penfolds is an Australian wine producer that was founded in Adelaide in 1844 by Christopher Rawson Penfold, an English physician who emigrated to Australia, and his wife Mary Penfold.

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Peurion

Peurion is a traditional French variety of white wine grape that is a sibling of Chardonnay.

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Piemonte (wine)

Piemonte wine is the range of Italian wines made in the region of Piedmont in the northwestern corner of Italy.

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Pierre Galet

Pierre Galet (born January 28, 1921) is a French ampelographer and author who was an influential figure within ampelography in the 20th century and before DNA typing was widely introduced.

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Pineapple

The pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a tropical plant with an edible multiple fruit consisting of coalesced berries, also called pineapples, and the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae.

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Pinot blanc

Pinot blanc is a white wine grape.

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Pinot Meunier

Pinot Meunier,, also known as Meunier or Schwarzriesling, is a variety of black wine grape most noted for being one of the three main varieties used in the production of Champagne (the other two are the black variety Pinot noir and the white Chardonnay).

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Pinot noir

Pinot noir is a red wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera.

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Pontigny Abbey

The Cathedral-Abbey of the Assumption in Pontigny (French: Cathédrale-abbatiale de Notre-Dame-de-l’Assomption à Pontigny), commonly known as Pontigny Abbey, was a Cistercian monastery located in Pontigny on the River Serein, in the present diocese of Sens and department of Yonne, Burgundy, France.

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Portland stone

Portland stone is a limestone from the Tithonian stage of the Jurassic period quarried on the Isle of Portland, Dorset.

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Portuguese wine

Portuguese wine is the result of traditions introduced to the region by ancient civilizations, such as the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, and mostly the Romans.

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Post-Soviet states

The post-Soviet states, also collectively known as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or former Soviet Republics, are the states that emerged and re-emerged from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in its breakup in 1991, with Russia internationally recognised as the successor state to the Soviet Union after the Cold War.

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Pouilly-Fuissé

Pouilly-Fuissé is an appellation (AOC) for white wine in the Mâconnais subregion Burgundy in central France, located in the communes of Fuissé, Solutré-Pouilly, Vergisson and Chaintré.

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Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants.

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Propagation of grapevines

The propagation of grapevines is an important consideration in commercial viticulture and winemaking.

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Puligny-Montrachet

Puligny-Montrachet is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

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Quebec

Quebec (Québec)According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in English; the name is.

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Ravat blanc

Ravat blanc is a white hybrid grape variety that is a crossing of Chardonnay and a Seibel grape.

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Reverse osmosis

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules and larger particles from drinking water.

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Rheinhessen (wine region)

Rheinhessen (in English often Rhine-Hesse or Rhenish Hesse) is the largest of 13 German wine regions (Weinanbaugebiete) for quality wines (''QbA'' and ''Prädikatswein'') with under cultivation in 2008.

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Ribolla Gialla

Ribolla Gialla (also known as Ribolla, in Slovenian: Rumena rebula, in Croatian: Jarbola) is a white Italian wine grape grown most prominently in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeast Italy.

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Riesling

Riesling is a white grape variety which originated in the Rhine region.

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Ripeness in viticulture

In viticulture, ripeness is the completion of the ripening process of wine grapes on the vine which signals the beginning of harvest.

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Riverland

The Riverland is a region of South Australia.

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Rkatsiteli

Rkatsiteli (Pronounced "rkah-tsee-tely"; Georgian რქაწითელი; literally "red stem") is a kind of grape used to produce white wine.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Roman Gaul

Roman Gaul refers to Gaul under provincial rule in the Roman Empire from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD.

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Romanian wine

Romania is one of the world's largest wine producers and sixth largest among European wine-producing countries.

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Roublot

Roublot is a traditional French variety of white wine grape that is a sibling of Chardonnay.

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Rully, Saône-et-Loire

Rully is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne in eastern France.

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Russian River Valley AVA

The Russian River Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) in Sonoma County, California.

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Sacy (grape)

Sacy is a white wine grape grown primarily in the central and northeastern France within the Yonne and Allier départments.

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Sangiovese

Sangiovese is a red Italian wine grape variety that derives its name from the Latin sanguis Jovis, "the blood of Jupiter".

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Santa Barbara County, California

Santa Barbara County, California, officially the County of Santa Barbara, is a county located in the southern region of the U.S. state of California.

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Santa Maria Valley AVA

Santa Maria Valley is an American Viticultural Area located in Northern Santa Barbara County and San Luis Obispo County, California United States.

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Saumur (wine)

Saumur is a French wine region located in the Loire Valley.

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Sauvignon blanc

Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned grape variety that originates from the Bordeaux region of France.

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Sauvignon vert

Sauvignon vert (also known as Sauvignonasse & Friulano) is a white wine grape of the species Vitis vinifera.

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Savagnin

Savagnin or Savagnin blanc (not to be confused with Sauvignon blanc) is a variety of white wine grape with green-skinned berries.

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Savoie

Savoie (Arpitan: Savouè, Italian: Savoia, English: Savoy) is a French department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of the French Alps.

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Sémillon

Sémillon is a golden-skinned grape used to make dry and sweet white wines, mostly in France and Australia.

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Seafood

Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans.

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Seibel grapes

Seibel grapes are a group of wine grape varieties which originated with the work of Albert Seibel crossing European grape with American grape species to increase disease resistance.

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Serbian wine

There are nearly 70,000 hectares of vineyards in Serbia, producing about 425,000 tons of grapes annually.

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Serein

The Serein is a river of eastern France.

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Seyval blanc

Seyval blanc (or Seyve-Villard hybrid number 5276winepros.com.au) is a hybrid wine grape variety used to make white wines.

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Shale

Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.

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Shire of Macedon Ranges

The Shire of Macedon Ranges is a region in Central Victoria, Australia, best known for its expansive native forests, iconic geographical attraction Hanging Rock, and thriving artisan food and wine industries.

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Shoot

In botany, shoots consist of stems including their appendages, the leaves and lateral buds, flowering stems and flower buds.

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Sicily

Sicily (Sicilia; Sicìlia) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Slovak wine

Slovak wine is produced in the southern part of Slovakia, which is divided into 6 wine-producing areas.

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Slovenian wine

Slovenian wine is wine from Slovenia.

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Smoke

Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass.

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Smoked fish

Smoked fish is fish that has been cured by smoking.

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Smuggling

Smuggling is the illegal transportation of objects, substances, information or people, such as out of a house or buildings, into a prison, or across an international border, in violation of applicable laws or other regulations.

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Soil type

In terms of soil texture, soil type usually refers to the different sizes of mineral particles in a particular sample.

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Somontano

Somontano is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines, created in 1984, and located in the county of the same name, in the province of Huesca, (Aragon, Spain).

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Sonoma County wine

Sonoma County wine is wine made in Sonoma County, California, in the United States.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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South African wine

South African wine has a history dating back to 1659, with the first bottle produced in Cape Town by its founder Jan van Riebeeck.

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South Australian wine

The South Australian wine industry is responsible for more than half the production of all Australian wine.

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South Carolina wine

South Carolina wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of South Carolina.

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South Tyrol

South Tyrol is an autonomous province in northern Italy.

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South Tyrol wine

South Tyrol is an autonomous province located in north-east Italy producing wine.

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Southern Highlands (New South Wales)

The Southern Highlands, also locally referred to as the Highlands, is a geographical region and district in New South Wales, Australia and is 110 km south-west of Sydney.

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Spanish wine

Spanish wines are wines produced in Spain.

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Sparkling wine

Sparkling wine is a wine with significant levels of carbon dioxide in it, making it fizzy.

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Sparkling wine production

Sparkling wine is a wine (usually white) that becomes carbonated, either through fermentation or by addition of carbon dioxide.

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Spice

A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring, coloring or preserving food.

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Spinning cone

Spinning cone columns are used in a form of low temperature vacuum steam distillation to gently extract volatile chemicals from liquid foodstuffs while minimising the effect on the taste of the product.

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Straw wine

Straw wine, or raisin wine, is a wine made from grapes that have been dried to concentrate their juice.

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Styria

Styria (Steiermark,, Štajerska, Stájerország, Štýrsko) is a state or Bundesland, located in the southeast of Austria.

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Sultana (grape)

The sultana is a "white" (pale green), oval seedless grape variety also called the sultanina, Thompson Seedless (United States), Lady de Coverly (England), and oval-fruited Kishmish (Iran, Turkey, Israel, Palestine).

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Sweet onion

A sweet onion is a variety of onion that is not pungent.

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Sweetness of wine

The subjective sweetness of a wine is determined by the interaction of several factors, including the amount of sugar in the wine, but also the relative levels of alcohol, acids, and tannins.

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Swiss wine

Swiss wine is produced from nearly 15 000 hectares of vineyards, and the wines are mainly produced in the west and in the south of Switzerland, in the cantons of Geneva, Neuchâtel, Ticino, Valais and Vaud.

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Syrah

Syrah, also known as Shiraz, is a dark-skinned grape variety grown throughout the world and used primarily to produce red wine.

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Syria

Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.

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Taittinger

Taittinger is a French wine family who are famous producers of Champagne.

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Tartaric acid

Tartaric acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in bananas, tamarinds and citrus.

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Tasmania

Tasmania (abbreviated as Tas and known colloquially as Tassie) is an island state of Australia.

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Tasmanian wine

Tasmanian wine is wine produced in the Australian state of Tasmania.

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Tennessee wine

Tennessee wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

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Terroir

Terroir (from terre, "land") is the set of all environmental factors that affect a crop's phenotype, including unique environment contexts, farming practices and a crop's specific growth habitat.

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Texas wine

Texas has a long history of wine production.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Oxford Companion to Wine

The Oxford Companion to Wine (OCW) is a book in the series of Oxford Companions published by Oxford University Press.

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Theft

In common usage, theft is the taking of another person's property or services without that person's permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it.

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Tomato sauce

Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, and Salsa di pomodoro in Italian) can refer to a large number of different sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish, rather than as a condiment.

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Ton

The ton is a unit of measure.

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Topsoil

Topsoil is the upper, outermost layer of soil, usually the top to.

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Toques et Clochers

Toques et Clochers is an annual two-day gastronomy festival in AudeFrance dedicated to the celebration of Chardonnay production in the Limoux wine area, sponsored by the Sieur d'Arques wine cooperative.

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Torrontés

Torrontés is a white Argentine wine grape variety, producing fresh, aromatic wines with moderate acidity, smooth texture and mouthfeel as well as distinctive peach and apricot aromas on the nose.

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Trebbiano

Trebbiano is an Italian wine grape, one of the most widely planted grape varieties in the world.

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Tuscan wine

Tuscan wine (Italian Toscana) is Italian wine from the Tuscany region.

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Typicity

Typicity (French typicité, Italian tipicità) is a term in wine tasting used to describe the degree to which a wine reflects its varietal origins and thus demonstrates the signature characteristics of the grape from which it was produced, e.g., how much a Merlot wine “tastes like a Merlot”.

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Uco Valley

Valle de Uco is a viticultural region southwest of Mendoza, in Argentina.

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University of Burgundy

The University of Burgundy (Université de Bourgogne, uB; also University of Dijon, Université de Dijon) is a university in Dijon, France.

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University of California, Davis

The University of California, Davis (also referred to as UCD, UC Davis, or Davis), is a public research university and land-grant university as well as one of the 10 campuses of the University of California (UC) system.

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Uruguay

Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay), is a sovereign state in the southeastern region of South America.

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Vallée de la Marne

Vallée de la Marne is a sub-region of the Champagne wine region.

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Valle d'Aosta DOC

The Valle d'Aosta DOC (or Vallée d'Aoste DOC, in French) is an Italian denominazione di origine controllata located in the Aosta Valley of northwest Italy.

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Vanilla

Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus Vanilla, primarily from the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (V. planifolia).

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Varietal

A varietal wine is a wine made primarily from a single named grape variety, and which typically displays the name of that variety on the wine label.

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Veneto wine

Veneto is a wine region in north-eastern Italy, one of a group of three highly productive Italian regions known collectively as the Tre Venezie (after the Venetian Republic), which is a large area comprised today of the Italian regions of Friuli Venezia-Giulia, Alto Adige and Trentino, and Veneto.

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Verdeca

Verdeca is a white Italian wine grape variety that is primarily grown in the Colli Piacentini region of Emilia-Romagna in central Italy and Apulia in southern Italy where ampelographers believe that the grape may have originated.

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Vermentino

Vermentino is a light-skinned wine grape variety, primarily found in Italian wine.

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Vermont wine

Vermont wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Vermont.

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Victorian wine

Victorian wine is wine made in the Australian state of Victoria.

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Vienna

Vienna (Wien) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria.

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Vin de pays

Vin de pays is a French term meaning "country wine." Vins de pays are a step in the French wine classification that is above the table wine (Vin de table) classification, but below Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and formerly below VDQS classifications.

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Viognier

Viognier is a white wine grape variety.

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Virginia wine

Virginia wine refers to wine made primarily from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Virginia.

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Viticulture

Viticulture (from the Latin word for vine) is the science, production, and study of grapes.

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Vitis vinifera

Vitis vinifera, the common grape vine, is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran.

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Wairarapa

2008 Wairarapa is a geographical region of New Zealand.

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Washington wine

Washington wine is wine produced from grape varieties grown in the U.S. state of Washington.

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Wente Vineyards

Wente Vineyards is a winery in Livermore, California, that is "the oldest continuously operating, family-owned winery in the United States." The Wente Estate is registered as California Historical Landmark #957.

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Western Australia

Western Australia (abbreviated as WA) is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia.

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Western Cape

The Western Cape (Wes-Kaap, Ntshona Koloni) is a province of South Africa, situated on the south-western coast of the country.

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White meat

White meat is meat which is pale in color before and after cooking.

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White Zinfandel

White Zinfandel, often abbreviated as White Zin, is a dry to sweet, pink-colored rosé.

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Willamette Valley

The Willamette Valley is a long valley in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

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Wine

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.

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Wine and food matching

Wine and food matching is the process of pairing food dishes with wine to enhance the dining experience.

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Wine from the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom is a major consumer but only a very minor producer of wine, with English and Welsh wine sales combined accounting for just 1% of the domestic market.

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Wine label

Wine labels are important sources of information for consumers since they tell the type and origin of the wine.

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Wine tasting

Wine tasting is the sensory examination and evaluation of wine.

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Wine tasting descriptors

The use of wine tasting descriptors allows the taster to qualitatively relate the aromas and flavors that the taster experiences and can be used in assessing the overall quality of wine.

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Winemaker

A winemaker or vintner is a person engaged in winemaking.

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Yarra Valley

The Yarra Valley is the name given to the region surrounding the Yarra River in Victoria, Australia.

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Yeast

Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom.

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Yeast in winemaking

The role of yeast in winemaking is the most important element that distinguishes wine from grape juice.

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Yield (wine)

In viticulture, the yield is a measure of the amount of grapes or wine that is produced per unit surface of vineyard, and is therefore a type of crop yield.

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Yonne

Yonne is a French department named after the river Yonne.

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Zinfandel

Zinfandel (also known as Primitivo) is a variety of black-skinned wine grape.

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Redirects here:

Arboisier, Arnaison, Arnaison Blanc, Arnoison, Aubain, Auvergnat Blanc, Auvernas, Auvernas Blanc, Auvernat Blanc, Auvernat blanc, Auxeras, Auxerras Blanc, Auxois Blanc, Bargeois, Bargeois Blanc, Beaunois, Biela Klevanjika, Blanc de Cramant, Breisgauer Suessling, Breisgauer Sussling, Burgundi Feher, Chardenai, Chardenay, Chardenet, Chardennet, Chardonay, Chatenait, Chatey Petit, Chaudenet, Chaudent, Clevner Weiss, Clävner, Cravner, Epinette Blanc, Epinette Blanche, Epinette de Champagne, Ericey Blanc, Feher Chardonnay, Feinburgunder, Gelber Weissburgunder, Gentil Blanc, Gentil blanc, Grosse Bourgogne, Klawner, Klevanjka Biela, Lisant, Luizannais, Luizant, Luzannois, Maurillon, Maurillon Blanc, Melon Blanc, Melon D'Arbois, Melon d'Arbois, Mendoza clone, Meroue, Meroué, Moreau Blanc, Moreau blanc, Morillon Blanc, Moulin (grape), Noirien Blanc, Obaideh, Petit Chatey, Petit Sainte Marie, Petit Sainte-Marie, Petite Sainte Marie, Petite Sainte-Marie, Pino Sardone, Pino Shardone, Pinot Blanc Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc a Cramant, Pinot Blanc à Cramant, Pinot Chardonay, Pinot Chardonnay, Pinot Giallo, Pinot Planc, Pinot de Bourgogne, Plant de Tonnerre, Romere, Romeret, Rousso, Roussot, Rulander Weiss, Ruländer Weiß, Sainte Marie Petite, Sardone, Shardone, Shardonne, Spater Weiss Burgunder, Spater Weissburgunder, Später Weiß Burgunder, Weiss Clevner, Weiss Edler, Weiss Elder, Weiss Klewner, Weiss Silber, Weissedler, Weisser Clevner, Weisser Rulander, Weiß Clevner, Weiß Edler, Weiß Elder, Weiß Klewner, Weiß Silber, Weißedler, Weißer Clevner, Weißer Rulander.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chardonnay

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