People's Party (interwar Romania)

The People's Party (Romanian: Partidul Poporului, PP), originally People's League (Liga Poporului), was an eclectic, essentially populist, mass movement in Romania. ^[1]

A. C. Cuza

Alexandru C. Cuza (November 8, 1857 – 1947), also known as A. C. Cuza, was a Romanian far-right politician and theorist.

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Acerbo Law

The Acerbo Law was an Italian electoral law proposed by Baron Giacomo Acerbo and passed by the Italian Parliament in November 1923.

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Adevărul

Adevărul (meaning "The Truth", formerly spelled Adevĕrul) is a Romanian daily newspaper, based in Bucharest.

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Agrarianism is a social philosophy or political philosophy which values rural society as superior to urban society, the independent farmer as superior to the paid worker, and sees farming as a way of life that can shape the ideal social values.

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Alexandru Averescu

Alexandru Averescu (3 April 1859 – 2 October 1938) was a Romanian marshal and populist politician.

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Alexandru Ioan Cuza University

The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University (Romanian: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”; acronym: UAIC) is a public university located in Iași, Romania.

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Alexandru Marghiloman

Alexandru Marghiloman (4 July 1854 – 10 May 1925) was a Romanian conservative statesman who served for a short time in 1918 (March–October) as Prime Minister of Romania, and had a decisive role during World War I.

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Alexandru Vaida-Voevod

Alexandru Vaida-Voevod or Vaida-Voievod (February 27, 1872 – March 19, 1950) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian politician who was a supporter and promoter of the union of Transylvania (before 1920 part of Hungary) with the Romanian Old Kingdom; he later served 28th Prime Minister of Romania.

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Allies of World War I

The Allies of World War I, or Entente Powers, were the countries that opposed the Central Powers in the First World War.

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Anarchism

Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions.

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Anti-communism

Anti-communism is opposition to communism.

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Antisemitism

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism) is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews.

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Apostrof

Apostrof (Romanian for "Apostrophe") is a monthly literary magazine published in Cluj-Napoca, Romania under the Romanian Writers' Union patronage.

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Armistice of 11 November 1918

The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice that ended fighting on land, sea and air in World War I between the Allies and their last opponent, Germany.

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Artur Văitoianu

Artur or Arthur Văitoianu (14 April 1864 in Izmail – 17 June 1956) was a Romanian general who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for about two months in 1919 (27 September – 30 November).

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Asociația Transilvană pentru Literatura Română și Cultura Poporului Român

Asociaţia Transilvană pentru Literatura Română şi Cultura Poporului Român (abbreviated ASTRA; in English, The Transylvanian Association for Romanian Literature and the Culture of the Romanian People) is a cultural association founded in 1861 in Sibiu.

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Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.

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Avram Imbroane

Avram Imbroane (December 9, 1880 – September 23, 1938) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian politician, businessman, and Orthodox priest.

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Axis powers

The Axis powers (Achsenmächte; Potenze dell'Asse; 枢軸国 Sūjikukoku), also known as the Axis and the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces.

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Babeș-Bolyai University

The Babeș-Bolyai University (Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Babeș-Bolyai Tudományegyetem, Babeș-Bolyai Universität), commonly known after its abbreviation, UBB, is a public university in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Bacău

Bacău (Barchau, Bákó) is the main city in Bacău County, Romania.

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Baia Mare

Baia Mare (Nagybánya; Frauenbach; Бая-Маре; Rivulus Dominarum; באניע, Banya) is a municipality along the Săsar River, in northwestern Romania; it is the capital of Maramureș County.

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Banat

The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe that is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of Timiș, Caraș-Severin, Arad south of the Körös/Criș river, and the western part of Mehedinți); the western part in northeastern Serbia (mostly included in Vojvodina, except a part included in the Belgrade Region); and a small northern part lies within southeastern Hungary (Csongrád county).

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Bârlad

Bârlad is a city in Vaslui County, Romania.

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Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF).

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Bessarabian Peasants' Party

The Bessarabian Peasants' Party (Partidul Țărănesc din Basarabia, PȚB, also Partidul Țărănesc Basarabean, Partidul Țărănist Basarabean) or Moldavian National Democratic Party (Partidul Național-Democrat Moldovenesc) was an agrarian political party, active in the Kingdom of Romania and, more specifically, the region of Bessarabia.

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Bihor County

Bihor is a county (județ) of Romania, in Crișana.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Brăila

Brăila (Βράιλα; Turkish: İbrail) is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and the capital of Brăila County.

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Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre.

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Bukovina

Bukovina (Bucovina; Bukowina/Buchenland; Bukowina; Bukovina, Буковина Bukovyna; see also other languages) is a historical region in Central Europe,Klaus Peter Berger,, Kluwer Law International, 2010, p. 132 divided between Romania and Ukraine, located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains.

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Bukovina Germans

The Bukovina Germans are a German ethnic group who had a noteworthy demographic presence (spanning from 1780 to 1940) in the historic Central European region of Bukovina, which is nowadays divided between northeastern Romania and western Ukraine.

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Bulgarians in Romania

Bulgarians (bulgari) are a recognized minority in Romania (Румъния, Rumaniya), numbering 7,336 according to the 2011 Romanian census, down from 8,025 in 2002.

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Buzău

The city of Buzău (formerly spelled Buzeu or Buzĕu) is the county seat of Buzău County, Romania, in the historical region of Muntenia.

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Cahul

Cahul (also known by other alternative names) is a city and municipality in southern Moldova.

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Calea Victoriei

Calea Victoriei (Victory Avenue) is a major avenue in central Bucharest.

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Camil Petrescu

Camil Petrescu (22 April 1894 – 14 May 1957; born and died in Bucharest) was a Romanian playwright, novelist, philosopher and poet.

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Carol II of Romania

Carol II (15 October 18934 April 1953) reigned as King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until his enforced abdication on 6 September 1940.

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Central Powers

The Central Powers (Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttifak Devletleri / Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit), consisting of Germany,, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria – hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance (Vierbund) – was one of the two main factions during World War I (1914–18).

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Chamber of Deputies (Romania)

The Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaților) is the lower house in Romania's bicameral parliament.

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Chernivtsi

Chernivtsi (Černivci; see also other names) is a city in western Ukraine, situated on the upper course of the River Prut.

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Chișinău

Chișinău, also known as Kishinev (r), is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Moldova.

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Christian Social Party (Austria)

The Christian Social Party (Christlichsoziale Partei, CS) was a major conservative political party in the Cisleithanian crown lands of Austria-Hungary and in the First Republic of Austria, from 1891 to 1934.

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Class collaboration

Class collaboration is a principle of social organization based upon the belief that the division of society into a hierarchy of social classes is a positive and essential aspect of civilization.

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Cluj-Napoca

Cluj-Napoca (Klausenburg; Kolozsvár,; Medieval Latin: Castrum Clus, Claudiopolis; and קלויזנבורג, Kloiznburg), commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth most populous city in Romania, and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country.

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Communization

Communization (or communisation in British English) mainly refers to a contemporary communist theory in which there is a "mixing-up of insurrectionist anarchism, the communist ultra-left, post-autonomists, anti-political currents, groups like the Invisible Committee, as well as more explicitly ‘communizing’ currents, such as Théorie Communiste.

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Conducător

Conducător ("Leader") was the title used officially in two instances by Romanian politicians, and earlier by Carol II.

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Conservatism

Conservatism is a political and social philosophy promoting traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization.

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Conservative Party (Romania, 1880–1918)

The Conservative Party (Partidul Conservator) was between 1880 and 1918 one of Romania's two most important parties, the other one being the Liberal Party.

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Conservative-Democratic Party

The Conservative-Democratic Party (PCD) was a political party in Romania.

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Constanța

Constanța (Κωνστάντζα or Κωνστάντια, Konstantia, Кюстенджа or Констанца, Köstence), historically known as Tomis (Τόμις), is the oldest continuously inhabited city in Romania.

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Constantin Argetoianu

Constantin Argetoianu (– 6 February 1955) was a Romanian politician, one of the best-known personalities of interwar Greater Romania, who served as the Prime Minister between 28 September and 23 November 1939.

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Constantin C. Arion

Constantin C. Arion (also known as Costică Arion; Constantin Țoiu,, in România Literară, Nr. 37/2003 June 18, 1855 – June 27, 1923) was a Romanian politician, affiliated with the National Liberal Party, the Conservative Party and, after 1918, the People's Party.

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Constantin Coandă

Constantin Coandă (4 March 1857, Craiova – 30 September 1932 Bucharest) was a Romanian soldier and politician.

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Constantin Meissner

Constantin Meissner (May 27, 1854–September 19, 1942) was a Romanian pedagogue and schoolteacher.

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Constantin Rădulescu-Motru

Constantin Rădulescu-Motru (born Constantin Rădulescu, he added the surname Motru in 1892; February 15, 1868 – March 6, 1957) was a Romanian philosopher, psychologist, sociologist, logician, academic, dramatist, as well as centre-left nationalist politician with a noted anti-fascist discourse.

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Constantin Titel Petrescu

Constantin Titel Petrescu (February 5, 1888 – September 2, 1957) was a Romanian politician and lawyer.

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Contimporanul

Contimporanul (antiquated spelling of the Romanian word for "the Contemporary", singular masculine form) was a Romanian (initially a weekly and later a monthly) avant-garde literary and art magazine, published in Bucharest between June 1922 and 1932.

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Convorbiri Literare

Convorbiri Literare (meaning Literary Talk in English) is a Romanian literary magazine published in Romania.

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Cooperative banking

Cooperative banking is retail and commercial banking organized on a cooperative basis.

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Corneliu Șumuleanu

Corneliu Șumuleanu (November 4, 1869–December 15, 1937) was a Romanian chemist and politician.

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Corneliu Zelea Codreanu

Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (born Corneliu Zelinski; September 13, 1899 – November 30, 1938), commonly known as Corneliu Codreanu, was a Romanian politician who was the founder and charismatic leader of the Iron Guard (also known as the Legionnaire movement), an ultranationalistic and antisemitic organization active throughout most of the interwar period.

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Corporatism

Corporatism is the organization of a society by corporate groups and agricultural, labour, military or scientific syndicates and guilds on the basis of their common interests.

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Craiova

No description.

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Crowned republic

A crowned republic is a form of constitutional monarchy where the monarch's role is commonly seen as largely ceremonial and where all the royal prerogatives are prescribed by custom and law in such a way that the monarch has limited discretion over governmental and constitutional issues.

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Crusade of Romanianism

The Crusade of Romanianism (Cruciada Românismului, also known as Vulturii Albi, "White Eagles", or Steliștii, "Stelists") was an eclectic far-right movement in Romania, founded in 1934 by Mihai Stelescu.

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Cult of personality

A cult of personality arises when a country's regime – or, more rarely, an individual politician – uses the techniques of mass media, propaganda, the big lie, spectacle, the arts, patriotism, and government-organized demonstrations and rallies to create an idealized, heroic, and worshipful image of a leader, often through unquestioning flattery and praise.

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Dem I. Dobrescu

Dem I. Dobrescu (usual rendition of Demetru Ion Dobrescu; 1869—1948) was a Romanian left-wing politician who served as Mayor of Bucharest between February 1929 and January 1934.

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Demagogue

A demagogue (from Greek δημαγωγός, a popular leader, a leader of a mob, from δῆμος, people, populace, the commons + ἀγωγός leading, leader) or rabble-rouser is a leader in a democracy who gains popularity by exploiting prejudice and ignorance among the common people, whipping up the passions of the crowd and shutting down reasoned deliberation.

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Democratic Nationalist Party (Romania)

The Democratic Nationalist Party or Nationalist Democratic Party (PND) was a political party in Romania, established by historian Nicolae Iorga (who was also its longest-serving leader) and jurist A. C. Cuza.

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Democratic Union Party (Bukovina)

The Democratic Union Party (Partidul Democrat al Unirei or, PDU) was a political group in Romania, one of the political forces which claimed to represent the ethnic Romanian community of Bukovina province.

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Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University

Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University (Universitatea Creștină "Dimitrie Cantemir") is a private university in Bucharest.

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Dimitrie Drăghicescu

Dimitrie Drăghicescu (or Dumitru Drăghicescu) (1875–1945) was a Romanian politician, sociologist, diplomat and writer.

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Dobrich

Dobrich (Добрич) is the eighth most populated city in Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Dobrich Province and the capital of the region of Southern Dobrudzha.

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Dobruja

Dobruja or Dobrudja (Добруджа, transliterated: Dobrudzha or Dobrudža; Dobrogea or; Dobruca) is a historical region in Eastern Europe that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania.

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Dorohoi

Dorohoi is a city in Botoșani County, Romania, on the right bank of the Jijia River, which broadens into a lake on the north.

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Drobeta-Turnu Severin

Drobeta-Turnu Severin (Drobeta; Szörényvár, Szörénytornya; Северин; Дробета-Турн Северин/Drobeta-Turn Severin) is a city in Mehedinți County, Oltenia, Romania, on the left bank of the Danube, below the Iron Gates.

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Duiliu Zamfirescu

Duiliu Zamfirescu (30 October 1858 – 3 June 1922) was a Romanian novelist, poet, short story writer, lawyer, nationalist politician, journalist, diplomat and memoirist.

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Electoral reform

Electoral reform is change in electoral systems to improve how public desires are expressed in election results.

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Elena Alistar

Elena Alistar-Romanescu (1 June 1873, Vaisal - 1955, Pucioasa) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Elena Postică

Elena Postică (born September 2, 1954, Lăpuşna) is a historian from the Republic of Moldova.

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Emanoil Bucuța

Emanoil Bucuța (born Emanoil Popescu; June 27, 1887 – October 7, 1946) was a Romanian prose writer and poet.

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Epsom Riot

The Epsom Riot occurred when about 400 Canadian soldiers rioted and attacked the police station at Epsom, England on 17 June 1919, resulting in the death of Station-Sergeant Green, a British police officer, who died of his injuries the following day.

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Eugenics

Eugenics (from Greek εὐγενής eugenes 'well-born' from εὖ eu, 'good, well' and γένος genos, 'race, stock, kin') is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of a human population.

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Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava

The Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava (Universitatea „Ștefan cel Mare” din Suceava), also known as University of Suceava, is a public university in Suceava, Romania, founded in 1990.

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Ștefan Zeletin

Ștefan Zeletin (born Ștefan Motăș; June 19, 1882 – July 20, 1934) was a Romanian philosopher, sociologist, liberal economist and political theorist.

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Far-right politics

Far-right politics are politics further on the right of the left-right spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of more extreme nationalist, and nativist ideologies, as well as authoritarian tendencies.

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Fascism

Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.

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Făgăraș County

Făgăraș County is one of the historic counties of Transylvania, Romania.

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February Revolution

The February Revolution (p), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution, was the first of two revolutions which took place in Russia in 1917.

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Ferdinand I of Romania

Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad; 24 August 1865 – 20 July 1927), nicknamed Întregitorul ("the Unifier"), was King of Romania from 10 October 1914 until his death in 1927.

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Galați

Galați (also known by other alternative names) is the capital city of Galați County, in the historical region of Moldavia, eastern Romania.

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George Topîrceanu

George Topîrceanu (March 20, 1886 – May 7, 1937) was a Romanian poet, short story writer, and humourist.

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Georges Ernest Boulanger

Georges Ernest Jean-Marie Boulanger (29 April 1837 – 30 September 1891), nicknamed Général Revanche, was a French general and politician.

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Germanophile

A Germanophile, Teutonophile or Teutophile is a person who is fond of German culture, German people and Germany in general or who exhibits German nationalism in spite of not even being either an ethnic German or a German citizen.

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Gheorghe Tătărescu

Gheorghe I. Tătărescu (also known as Guță Tătărescu, with a slightly antiquated pet form of his given name; 2 November 1886 – 28 March 1957) was a Romanian politician who served 36th Prime Minister of Romania (1934–1937; 1939–1940), three times as Minister of Foreign Affairs (interim in 1934 and 1938; appointed to the office in 1945-1947), and once as Minister of War (1934).

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Great Depression

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

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Greater Romania

The term Greater Romania (România Mare) usually refers to the borders of the Kingdom of Romania in the interwar period.

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Greenwood Publishing Group

ABC-CLIO/Greenwood is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-CLIO.

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Grigore C. Crăiniceanu

Grigore C. Crăiniceanu (1852, Bucharest – 1935) was a Romanian military officer.

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Grigore Filipescu

Grigore N. Filipescu (Francized Grégoire Filipesco; October 1, 1886 – August 25, 1938) was a Romanian politician, journalist and engineer, the chief editor of Epoca daily between 1918 and 1938.

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Guided democracy

Guided democracy, also called managed democracy, is a formally democratic government that functions as a de facto autocracy.

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H. James Burgwyn

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Henric Streitman

Henric Ștefan Streitman (first name also Henric Șt., Henri or Henry, last name also Streitmann, Streittman, Ștraitman; 1873 – 1949) was a Romanian journalist, translator and political figure, who traversed the political spectrum from socialism to the far-right.

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History of the Jews in Romania

The history of the Jews in Romania concerns the Jews both of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is present-day Romanian territory.

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Humanitas (publishing house)

Humanitas (Editura Humanitas) is an independent Romanian publishing house, founded on February 1, 1990 (after the Romanian Revolution) in Bucharest by the philosopher Gabriel Liiceanu, based on a state-owned publishing house, Editura Politică.

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Iași

Iași (also referred to as Jassy or Iassy) is the second-largest city in Romania, after the national capital Bucharest, and the seat of Iași County.

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Ialomița County

Ialomița is a county (județ) of Romania, in Muntenia, with the capital city at Slobozia.

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Iancu Flondor

Iancu Flondor (August 3, 1865, Storozhynets – October 19, 1924) was a Romanian politician who advocated Bukovina's unifion with the Kingdom of Romania.

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Ilie Bărbulescu (linguist)

Ilie Bărbulescu (December 3, 1873 – June 5, 1945) was a Romanian linguist and philologist who specialized in the Slavic languages, also noted as a political journalist and Conservative Party cadre.

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International Agrarian Bureau

The International Agrarian Bureau was founded in 1921 by the Agrarian parties of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and Poland, growing to 17 political parties in Eastern Europe by 1928.

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Internment

Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges, and thus no trial.

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Ioan A. Bassarabescu

Ioan Alecu Bassarabescu (commonly rendered I. A. Bassarabescu; December 17, 1870 - March 27, 1952) was a Romanian comedic writer, civil servant and politician, who served one term (1926-1927) in the Senate of Romania.

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Ioan Lupaș

Ioan Lupaş (9 August 1880 – 3 July 1967) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian historian, academic, politician, Orthodox theologian and priest.

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Ioan Suciu

Ioan Suciu (December 4, 1907—June 27, 1953) was a Romanian bishop of the Greek-Catholic Church, born into a clerical family in Blaj.

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Ioana Pârvulescu

Ioana Pârvulescu (1960) is a Romanian writer.

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Ion Agârbiceanu

Ion Agârbiceanu (September 12, 1882 – May 28, 1963) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian writer, journalist, politician, theologian and Greek-Catholic priest.

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Ion Antonescu

Ion Antonescu (– June 1, 1946) was a Romanian soldier and authoritarian politician who, as the Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II, presided over two successive wartime dictatorships.

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Ion G. Duca

Ion Gheorghe Duca (20 December 1879 – 29 December 1933) was prime minister of Romania from 14 November to 29 December 1933, when he was assassinated for his efforts to suppress the fascist Iron Guard movement.

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Ion I. C. Brătianu

Ion I. C. Brătianu (also known as Ionel Brătianu; 20 August 1864 – 24 November 1927) was a Romanian politician, leader of the National Liberal Party (PNL), Prime Minister of Romania for five terms, and Foreign Minister on several occasions; he was the eldest son of statesman and PNL leader Ion Brătianu, the brother of Vintilă and Dinu Brătianu, and the father of Gheorghe I. Brătianu.

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Ion I. Lapedatu

Ion I. Lapedatu (born September 14, 1876, Cernatul Săcelelor, Austria-Hungary - d. March 24, 1951, Bucharest, Romania) was finance minister of Romania (1926-1927), Governor of the National Bank of Romania (1944-1945), and honorary member of the Romanian Academy (since 1936).

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Ion Mihalache

Ion Mihalache (March 3, 1882 – February 5, 1963) was a Romanian agrarian politician, the founder and leader of the Peasants' Party (PȚ) and a main figure of its successor, the National Peasants' Party (PNȚ).

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Ion Mitilineu

Ion Mitilineu (28 September 1868 – 11 June 1946) was a Romanian diplomat who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania in 1926-1927.

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Ion Petrovici

Ion (Ioan) Petrovici (June 2/14 1882 – February 17, 1972), Romanian professor of philosophy at the University of Iaşi, Member of the Romanian Academy and Minister of National Education in the far right Goga ministry.

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Ion Vianu

Ion Vianu (born April 15, 1934 in Bucharest) is a Romanian writer and psychiatrist, who has lived in Switzerland since 1977.

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Iron Guard

The Iron Guard (Garda de fier) is the name most commonly given to a far-right movement and political party in Romania in the period from 1927 into the early part of World War II.

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Irredentism

Irredentism is any political or popular movement that seeks to reclaim and reoccupy a land that the movement's members consider to be a "lost" (or "unredeemed") territory from their nation's past.

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Isac Ludo

Isac Ludo (1894–1973) was a Romanian writer and political figure.

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Italian Fascism

Italian Fascism (fascismo italiano), also known simply as Fascism, is the original fascist ideology as developed in Italy.

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Iuliu Maniu

Iuliu Maniu (January 8, 1873 – February 5, 1953) was a Romanian politician.

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Jewish assimilation

Jewish assimilation (התבוללות, Hitbolelut) refers to the gradual cultural assimilation and social integration of Jews in their surrounding culture as well as the ideological program promoting conformity as a potential solution to historic Jewish marginalization in the age of emancipation.

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Jewish emancipation

Jewish emancipation was the external (and internal) process in various nations in Europe of eliminating Jewish disabilities, e.g. Jewish quotas, to which Jewish people were then subject, and the recognition of Jews as entitled to equality and citizenship rights on a communal, not merely individual, basis.

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Jurnalul Național

Jurnalul Național is a Romanian newspaper, part of the INTACT Media Group led by Dan Voiculescu, which also includes the popular television station Antena 1.

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King Michael's Coup

King Michael's Coup was a coup d'état led by King Michael I of Romania during World War II on 23 August 1944.

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King of the Romanians

The King of the Romanians (Romanian: Regele Românilor) or King of Romania (Romanian: Regele României), was the title of the monarch of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when Romania was proclaimed the Romanian People's Republic following Michael I's forced abdication.

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Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)

The Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Királyság), also known as the Regency, existed from 1920 to 1946 as a de facto country under Regent Miklós Horthy.

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Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state which existed from 1861—when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy—until 1946—when a constitutional referendum led civil discontent to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic.

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Labor court

A labor court (or labour court or industrial tribunal) is a governmental judiciary body which rules on labor or employment-related matters and disputes.

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Labor Party (Romania)

The Labor Party (Partidul Muncei,George Baiculescu, Georgeta Răduică, Neonila Onofrei, Publicațiile periodice românești (ziare, gazete, reviste). Vol. II: Catalog alfabetic 1907–1918. Supliment 1790–1906, p. 668. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1969Tamara Teodorescu, Rodica Fochi, Florența Sădeanu, Liana Miclescu, Lucreția Angheluță, Bibliografia românească modernă (1831-1918). Vol. II: D–K, Editura științifică și enciclopedică, Bucharest, 1986, p.84. modernized Partidul Muncii, PM) was a minor left-wing political group in Romania.

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Land reform in Romania

Four major land reforms have taken place in Romania: in 1864, 1921, 1945 and 1991.

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Liberal conservatism

Liberal conservatism is a political ideology combining conservative policies with liberal stances, especially on ethical and social issues, or a brand of political conservatism strongly influenced by liberalism.

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Liberal democracy

Liberal democracy is a liberal political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of classical liberalism.

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Literatura și Arta

Literatura şi Arta (Romanian for "Literature and Art") is a weekly newspaper from Chişinău, Moldova.

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Little Entente

The Little Entente was an alliance formed in 1920 and 1921 by Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia with the purpose of common defense against Hungarian revanchism and the prevention of a Habsburg restoration.

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Lucian Boia

Lucian Boia (born 1 February 1944 in Bucharest) is a Romanian historian.

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Magazin Istoric

Magazin Istoric (The Historical Magazine) is a Romanian monthly magazine.

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Magyar Party (Romania)

The Magyar Party (Országos Magyar Párt; Partidul Maghiar, PM, officially Partidul Naţional Maghiar) was a political party in post-World War I Romania.

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March on Rome

The March on Rome (Marcia su Roma) was an organized mass demonstration in October 1922, which resulted in Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, or PNF) acceding to power in the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia).

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Mareșal (Romania)

Mareșal (Marshal) is the highest rank in the Army of Romania, the Romanian Armed Forces.

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Marie of Romania

Marie of Edinburgh, more commonly known as Marie of Romania (Marie Alexandra Victoria; 29 October 1875 – 18 July 1938), was the last Queen of Romania as the wife of King Ferdinand I. Born into the British royal family, she was titled Princess Marie of Edinburgh at birth.

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Martial law

Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civilian functions of government, especially in response to a temporary emergency such as invasion or major disaster, or in an occupied territory. Martial law can be used by governments to enforce their rule over the public.

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Matei B. Cantacuzino

Matei B. Cantacuzino (July 10, 1855 – August 10, 1925) was a Romanian jurist and politician.

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Mateiu Caragiale

Mateiu Ion Caragiale (also credited as Matei or Matheiu; Mateiŭ is an antiquated version;Sorin Antohi,, in Tr@nsit online, Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen, Nr. 21/2002 – January 17, 1936) was a Romanian poet and prose writer, best known for his novel Craii de Curtea-Veche, which portrays the milieu of boyar descendants before and after World War I. Caragiale's style, associated with Symbolism, the Decadent movement of the fin de siècle, and early modernism, was an original element in the Romanian literature of the interwar period.

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Max Goldstein

Max Goldstein (1898–1924), also known as Coca, was a Romanian revolutionary, variously described as a communist and an anarchist.

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Meritocracy

Meritocracy (merit, from Latin mereō, and -cracy, from Ancient Greek κράτος "strength, power") is a political philosophy which holds that certain things, such as economic goods or power, should be vested in individuals on the basis of talent, effort and achievement, rather than factors such as sexuality, race, gender or wealth.

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Miguel Primo de Rivera

Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquess of Estella, 22nd Count of Sobremonte, GE, OIC, OSH, LCSF, OMC, OTS, KOC (8 January 1870 – 16 March 1930) was a dictator, aristocrat, and military officer who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 1923 to 1930 during Spain's Restoration era.

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Mihail Gheorghiu Bujor

Mihail Gheorghiu Bujor (November 8, 1881 – June 17, 1964) was a Romanian lawyer, journalist and socialist militant.

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Mihail Manoilescu

Mihail Manoilescu (December 9, 1891 – December 30, 1950) was a Romanian journalist, engineer, economist, politician and memoirist, who served as Foreign Minister of Romania during the summer of 1940.

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Mihail Sadoveanu

Mihail Sadoveanu (occasionally referred to as Mihai Sadoveanu; November 5, 1880 – October 19, 1961) was a Romanian novelist, short story writer, journalist and political figure, who twice served as acting head of state for the communist republic (1947–1948 and 1958).

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Ministry of Economy (Romania)

The Ministry of Economy of Romania (Ministerul Economiei) is one of the ministries of the Government of Romania.

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Ministry of Internal Affairs (Romania)

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Romania (Ministerul Afacerilor Interne) is one of the fifteen ministries of the Government of Romania.

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Minorities of Romania

About 10.5% of Romania's population is represented by minorities (the rest of 89.5% being Romanians).

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Moldavia

Moldavia (Moldova, or Țara Moldovei (in Romanian Latin alphabet), Цара Мѡлдовєй (in old Romanian Cyrillic alphabet) is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia (Țara Românească) as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina and Hertza. The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time. The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern side belongs to the Republic of Moldova, and the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine.

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Motion of no confidence

A motion of no confidence (alternatively vote of no confidence, no-confidence motion, or (unsuccessful) confidence motion) is a statement or vote which states that a person(s) in a position of responsibility (government, managerial, etc.) is no longer deemed fit to hold that position, perhaps because they are inadequate in some respect, are failing to carry out obligations, or are making decisions that other members feel are detrimental.

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Muntenia

Muntenia (also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, usually considered Wallachia-proper (Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the seldom used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian).

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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 (conventional) – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and founder of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President from 1923 until his death in 1938.

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N. I. Herescu

Nicolae I. Herescu (December 5, 1906 – August 19, 1961) was a Romanian classical scholar, essayist, translator and poet.

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Nae Ionescu

Nae Ionescu (born Nicolae C. Ionescu; – 15 March 1940) was a Romanian philosopher, logician, mathematician, professor, and journalist.

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National Agrarian Party (Romania)

The National Agrarian Party (Partidul Național Agrar) was a right-wing agrarian political party active in Romania during the early 1930s.

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National Christian Party

The National Christian Party (Partidul Național Creștin) was a radical-right authoritarian and strongly antisemitic political party in Romania active between 1935 and 1938.

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National Legionary State

The National Legionary State (Statul Național Legionar) was the Romanian government from September 6, 1940 to January 23, 1941.

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National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)

The National Liberal Party (Partidul Național Liberal, PNL) was the first organised political party in Romania, a major force in the country's politics from its foundation in 1875 to World War II.

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National Liberal Party-Brătianu

The National Liberal Party-Brătianu (Partidul Național Liberal-Brătianu, PNL; also known as Georgiști - "Georgists", from the name of their leader, Gheorghe I. Brătianu) was a right-wing political party in Romania, formed as a splinter group from the main liberal faction, the National Liberals.

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National Museum of the Union

The National Museum of the Union (Muzeul Național al Unirii) is a history and archaeology museum in Alba-Iulia, Romania.

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National Peasants' Party

The National Peasants' Party (Partidul Național Țărănesc or PNȚ) was a Romanian political party, formed in 1926 through the fusion of the Romanian National Party (Partidul Național Român) from Transylvania and the Peasants' Party (Partidul Țărănesc) from the prewar kingdom.

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National Renaissance Front

The National Renaissance Front (Frontul Renașterii Naționale, FRN; also translated as Front of National Regeneration, Front of National Rebirth, Front of National Resurrection, or Front of National Renaissance) was a Romanian political party created by King Carol II in 1938 as the single monopoly party of government following his decision to ban all other political parties and suspend the 1923 Constitution, and the passing of the 1938 Constitution of Romania.

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National syndicalism

National syndicalism is an adaptation of syndicalism to suit the social agenda of integral nationalism.

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National Union from Banat

The National Union from Banat (UNB) was a political party in Romania led by Avram Imbroane.

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National-Christian Defense League

The National-Christian Defense League (Liga Apărării Național Creștine, LANC) was a far-right political party of Romania formed by A. C. Cuza.

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Nazi Party

The National Socialist German Workers' Party (abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party, was a far-right political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and supported the ideology of Nazism.

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Năsăud County

Năsăud County is one of the historic counties of Transylvania, Romania.

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Neamț County

Neamț is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historic region of Moldavia, with the county seat at Piatra Neamț.

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Nicolae Iorga

Nicolae Iorga (sometimes Neculai Iorga, Nicolas Jorga, Nicolai Jorga or Nicola Jorga, born Nicu N. Iorga;Iova, p. xxvii. January 17, 1871 – November 27, 1940) was a Romanian historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, poet and playwright.

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Nicolae Rădescu

Nicolae Rădescu (30 March 1874, Călimănești – 16 May 1953, New York City) was a Romanian army officer and political figure.

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Nicolae Tonitza

Nicolae Tonitza (April 13, 1886 – February 27, 1940) was a Romanian painter, engraver, lithographer, journalist and art critic.

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Northern Transylvania

Northern Transylvania (Transilvania de Nord, Észak-Erdély) was the region of the Kingdom of Romania that during World War II, as a consequence of the territorial agreement known as the Second Vienna Award, became part of the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Octavian Codru Tăslăuanu

Octavian Codru Tăslăuanu (February 1, 1876 – October 22, 1942) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian magazine publisher, non-fiction writer and politician.

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Octavian Goga

Octavian Goga (1 April 1881 – 7 May 1938) was a Romanian politician, poet, playwright, journalist, and translator.

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October Revolution

The October Revolution (p), officially known in Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution (Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, the Bolshevik Revolution, or the Bolshevik Coup, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa (German: Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, which started on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.

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Pacifism

Pacifism is opposition to war, militarism, or violence.

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Paris Peace Conference, 1919

The Paris Peace Conference, also known as Versailles Peace Conference, was the meeting of the victorious Allied Powers following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.

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Parliament of Romania

The Parliament of Romania (Parlamentul României) is the national legislature of Romania, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaților), and the Senate (Senat).

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Paternalism

Paternalism is action limiting a person's or group's liberty or autonomy which is intended to promote their own good.

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Peasants' Party (Romania)

The Peasants' Party (Partidul Țărănesc, PȚ) was a political party in post-World War I Romania that espoused a left-wing ideology partly connected with Agrarianism and Populism, and aimed to represent the interests of the Romanian peasantry.

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Petre P. Negulescu

Petre Paul Negulescu (October 18, 1870 – September 28, 1951) was a Romanian philosopher and conservative politician, known as a disciple and continuator of Titu Maiorescu.

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Petru Groza

Petru Groza (7 December 1884 – 7 January 1958) was a Romanian politician, best known as the Prime Minister of the first Communist Party-dominated government under Soviet occupation during the early stages of the Communist regime in Romania.

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Pitești

Pitești is a city in Romania, located on the Argeș River.

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Polirom

Polirom or Editura Polirom ("Polirom" Publishing House) is a Romanian publishing house with a tradition of publishing classics of international literature and also various titles in the fields of social sciences, such as psychology, sociology and anthropology.

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Political machine

A political machine is a political group in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.

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Populism

In politics, populism refers to a range of approaches which emphasise the role of "the people" and often juxtapose this group against "the elite".

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Post–World War I recession

The post–World War I recession was an economic recession that hit much of the world in the aftermath of World War I. In many nations, especially in North America, this growth continued during World War I as nations mobilized their economies to fight the war in Europe.

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Prahova County

Prahova is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Muntenia, with the capital city at Ploiești.

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Prefect (Romania)

A prefect (prefect) in Romania represents the Government in each of the country's 41 counties, as well as the Municipality of Bucharest.

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Prime Minister of Romania

The Prime Minister of the Government of Romania (Prim-ministrul Guvernului României) is the head of the Government of Romania.

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Progressive Conservative Party (Romania)

The Progressive Conservative Party (PCP) was a political party in Romania.

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Proportional representation

Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems by which divisions into an electorate are reflected proportionately into the elected body.

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Racial antisemitism

Racial antisemitism is a form of antisemitism or prejudice against Jews based on the belief that Jews are a racial or ethnic group, rather than prejudice against Judaism as a religion.

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Racial quota

Racial quotas in employment and education are numerical requirements for hiring, promoting, admitting and/or graduating members of a particular racial group.

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Radu Filipescu

Radu Filipescu (born December 26, 1955cpcadcr.presidency.ro/upload/Radu_Filipescu.pdf) is a former Romanian anti-Communist dissident.

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Râmnicu Sărat

Râmnicu Sărat (also spelled Rîmnicu Sărat,, Rümnick or Rebnick; Remnik) is a city in Buzău County, Romania, in the historical region of Muntenia.

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Râmnicu Sărat County

Râmnicu Sărat County is one of the historic counties of Muntenia, Romania.

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Râmnicu Vâlcea

Râmnicu Vâlcea (also spelled Rîmnicu Vîlcea) (population: 92,573) is the capital city of Vâlcea County, Romania (in the historical province of Oltenia).

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Reactionary

A reactionary is a person who holds political views that favor a return to the status quo ante, the previous political state of society, which they believe possessed characteristics (discipline, respect for authority, etc.) that are negatively absent from the contemporary status quo of a society.

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Redistribution of income and wealth

Redistribution of income and redistribution of wealth are respectively the transfer of income and of wealth (including physical property) from some individuals to others by means of a social mechanism such as taxation, charity, welfare, public services, land reform, monetary policies, confiscation, divorce or tort law.

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Republicanism

Republicanism is an ideology centered on citizenship in a state organized as a republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty.

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Revista 22

Revista 22 (22 Magazine) is a Romanian weekly magazine, issued by the Group for Social Dialogue and focused mainly on politics and culture.

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Revolutions of 1917–1923

The Revolutions of 1917–1923 were a period of political unrest and revolts around the world inspired by the success of the Russian Revolution and the disorder created by the aftermath of World War I. The uprisings were mainly socialist or anti-colonial in nature and were mostly short-lived, failing to have a long-term impact.

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Right-wing politics

Right-wing politics hold that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable, natural, normal or desirable, typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law, economics or tradition.

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Roman, Romania

Roman (Romesmark, Románvásár) is a city with the title of municipality located in the central part of Moldavia, a traditional region of Romania.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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Romania during World War I

The Kingdom of Romania was neutral for the first two years of World War I, entering on the side of the Allied powers from 27 August 1916 until Central Power occupation led to the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918, before reentering the war on 10 November 1918. It had the only oil fields in Europe, and Germany eagerly bought its petroleum, as well as food exports. King Carol favored Germany but after his death in 1914, King Ferdinand and the nation's political elite favored the Entente. For Romania, the highest priority was taking Transylvania from Hungary, with its 3,000,000 Romanians. The Allies wanted Romania to join its side in order to cut the rail communications between Germany and Turkey, and to cut off Germany's oil supplies. Britain made loans, France sent a military training mission, and Russia promised modern munitions. The Allies promised at least 200,000 soldiers to defend Romania against Bulgaria to the south, and help it invade Austria. The Romanian campaign was part of the Balkan theatre of World War I, with Romania and Russia allied with Britain and France against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria, and Turkey. Fighting took place from August 1916 to December 1917 across most of present-day Romania, including Transylvania, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time, as well as in southern Dobruja, which is currently part of Bulgaria. Despite initial successes, the Romanian forces (aided by Russia) suffered massive setbacks, and by the end of 1916 only Moldavia remained. After several defensive victories in 1917, with Russia's withdrawal from the war following the October Revolution, Romania, almost completely surrounded by the Central Powers, was also forced to drop out of the war; it signed the Treaty of Bucharest with the Central Powers in May 1918. On 10 November 1918, just one day before the German armistice and after all the other Central Powers had already capitulated, Romania re-entered the war after the successful Allied advances on the Macedonian Front.

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Romania in World War II

Following the outbreak of World War II on 1 September 1939, the Kingdom of Romania under King Carol II officially adopted a position of neutrality.

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Romanian Academy

The Romanian Academy (Academia Română) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866.

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Romanian Communist Party

The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român, PCR) was a communist party in Romania.

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Romanian Cultural Institute

The Romanian Cultural Institute (Institutul Cultural Român, abbreviation: ICR) is a state-funded institution that promotes Romanian culture and civilization in Romania and abroad.

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Romanian general election, 1919

General elections were held in Romania between 4 and 8 November 1919.

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Romanian general election, 1920

General elections were held in Romania between 25 and 27 May 1920.

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Romanian general election, 1922

General elections were held in Romania between 1 and 3 March 1922.

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Romanian general election, 1926

General elections were held in Romania in May and June 1926.

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Romanian general election, 1927

General elections were held in Romania in June 1927.

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Romanian general election, 1928

General elections were held in Romania on December 12, 1928.

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Romanian general election, 1931

General elections were held in Romania in June 1931.

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Romanian general election, 1932

General elections were held in Romania in July 1932.

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Romanian general election, 1933

General elections were held in Romania in December 1933, the third in three years.

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Romanian general election, 1937

General elections were held in Romania in December 1937.

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Romanian Greek Catholic Church

The Romanian Greek Catholic Church or Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic (Biserica Română Unită cu Roma, Greco-Catolică) is a sui iuris Eastern Catholic Church, in full union with the Roman Catholic Church.

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Romanian language

Romanian (obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; autonym: limba română, "the Romanian language", or românește, lit. "in Romanian") is an East Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language.

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Romanian National Party

The Romanian National Party (Partidul Național Român, PNR), initially known as the Romanian National Party in Transylvania and Banat (Partidul Național Român din Transilvania și Banat), was a political party which was initially designed to offer ethnic representation to Romanians in the Kingdom of Hungary, the Transleithanian half of Austria-Hungary, and especially to those in Transylvania and Banat.

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Romanian Old Kingdom

The Romanian Old Kingdom (Vechiul Regat or just Regat; Regat or Altreich) is a colloquial term referring to the territory covered by the first independent Romanian nation state, which was composed of the Romanian Principalities—Wallachia and Moldavia.

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România Literară

România Literară is a cultural and literary magazine from Romania.

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Rule of law

The rule of law is the "authority and influence of law in society, especially when viewed as a constraint on individual and institutional behavior; (hence) the principle whereby all members of a society (including those in government) are considered equally subject to publicly disclosed legal codes and processes".

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Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War (Grazhdanskaya voyna v Rossiyi; November 1917 – October 1922) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Russian Provisional Government

The Russian Provisional Government (Vremennoye pravitel'stvo Rossii) was a provisional government of Russia established immediately following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian Empire on 2 March 1917.

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Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Ru-Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика.ogg), also unofficially known as the Russian Federation, Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I or Russia (rɐˈsʲijə; from the Ρωσία Rōsía — Rus'), was an independent state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest, most populous, and most economically developed union republic of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991 and then a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991.

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Sergiu Niță

Sergiu T. Niță (1883 in Peresecina – March 3, 1940 in Bucharest) was a politician and lawyer from Romania.

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Sfera Politicii

Sfera Politicii (for "The Political Sphere") is a monthly political science magazine, published in Romania since 1991.

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Slatina, Romania

Slatina (Слатина) is the capital city of Olt County, Romania, on the river Olt.

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Social liberalism

Social liberalism (also known as modern liberalism or egalitarian liberalism) is a political ideology and a variety of liberalism that endorses a market economy and the expansion of civil and political rights while also believing that the legitimate role of the government includes addressing economic and social issues such as poverty, health care and education.

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Socialist Party of Romania

The Socialist Party of Romania (Partidul Socialist din România, commonly known as Partidul Socialist, PS) was a Romanian socialist political party, created on December 11, 1918 by members of the Social Democratic Party of Romania (PSDR), after the latter emerged from clandestinity.

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Socialist Republic of Romania

The Socialist Republic of Romania (Republica Socialistă România, RSR) refers to Romania under Marxist-Leninist one-party Communist rule that existed officially from 1947 to 1989.

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Soroca

Soroca (Soroki, Soroky, Soroki, סאָראָקע Soroke) is a city and municipality in Moldova, situated on the Dniester river about 160 km north of Chișinău.

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Stan Ghițescu

Stan Ghițescu (June 2, 1881 – February 25, 1952) was a Romanian politician.

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Stanley G. Payne

Stanley George Payne (born September 9, 1934 in Denton, Texas) is an American historian of modern Spain and European Fascism at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

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State funeral

A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of protocol, held to honour people of national significance.

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Suceava

Suceava is the largest city and the seat of Suceava County, situated in the historical region of Bukovina from Central EuropeKlaus Peter Berger,, Kluwer Law International, 2010, p. 132 and north-eastern Romania respectively.

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Suffrage

Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote).

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Take Ionescu

Take or Tache Ionescu (born Dumitru Ghiță Ioan and also known as Demetriu G. Ionnescu; – June 21, 1922) was a Romanian centrist politician, journalist, lawyer and diplomat, who also enjoyed reputation as a short story author.

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Tax reform

Tax reform is the process of changing the way taxes are collected or managed by the government and is usually undertaken to improve tax administration or to provide economic or social benefits.

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Târgu Jiu

Târgu Jiu is the capital of Gorj County in the Oltenia region of Romania.

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Teleorman County

Teleorman is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the historical region Muntenia, with its capital city at Alexandria.

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Teodor Neaga

Teodor Neaga (1878, Dănceni - December 6, 1941, Penza) was a Bessarabian politician.

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The Protocols of the Elders of Zion

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion (Протоколы сионских мудрецов) or The Protocols of the Meetings of the Learned Elders of Zion is an antisemitic fabricated text purporting to describe a Jewish plan for global domination.

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Timișoara

Timișoara (Temeswar, also formerly Temeschburg or Temeschwar; Temesvár,; טעמשוואר; Темишвар / Temišvar; Banat Bulgarian: Timišvár; Temeşvar; Temešvár) is the capital city of Timiș County, and the main social, economic and cultural centre in western Romania.

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Titu Maiorescu

Titu Liviu Maiorescu (15 February 1840 – 18 June 1917) was a Romanian literary critic and politician, founder of the Junimea Society.

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Traian Brăileanu

Traian Brăileanu or BrăileanAndrei Corbea-Hoișie, "'Wie die Juden Gewalt schreien': Aurel Onciul und die antisemitische Wende in der Bukowiner Öffentlichkeit nach 1907", in East Central Europe, Vol.

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Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in today's central Romania.

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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest-Litovsk (Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations.

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Treaty of Bucharest (1918)

The Treaty of Bucharest was a peace treaty between Romania on one side and the Central Powers on the other, following the stalemate reached after the campaign of 1916–17 and Romania's isolation after Russia's unilateral exit from World War I (see Treaty of Brest-Litovsk).

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Treaty of Trianon

The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement of 1920 that formally ended World War I between most of the Allies of World War I and the Kingdom of Hungary, the latter being one of the successor states to Austria-Hungary.

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Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles (Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end.

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Two-party system

A two-party system is a party system where two major political parties dominate the government.

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Union of Transylvania with Romania

The Union of Transylvania with Romania was declared on by the assembly of the delegates of ethnic Romanians held in Alba Iulia.

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Universal manhood suffrage

Universal manhood suffrage is a form of voting rights in which all adult males within a political system are allowed to vote, regardless of income, property, religion, race, or any other qualification.

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University of Craiova

The University of Craiova (Universitatea din Craiova) is a public university located in Craiova, Romania.

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University of Wisconsin Press

The University of Wisconsin Press (sometimes abbreviated as UW Press) is a non-profit university press publishing peer-reviewed books and journals.

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Valahia University of Târgoviște

The Valahia University of Târgovişte is a university in Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania.

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Vasile Cijevschi

Vasile Cijevschi (also credited as Cijevski or Tchizhevsky; October 17, 1881 – July 14, 1931) Mihai Tașcă,, in Timpul, April 10, 2010 was a Bessarabian and Romanian politician, administrator and writer.

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Vasile Goldiș

Vasile Goldiș (12 November 1862 – 10 February 1934) was a Romanian politician and member of the Romanian Academy.

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Vasile Lucaci

Vasile Ioan Lucaci (born January 5, 1969) is a former Romanian rugby union player and currently one of CSM Baia Mare's coaches.

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Vasile Pușcaș

Vasile Puşcaş (b. Surduc, July 8, 1952) is a Romanian politician, diplomat and International Relations professor.

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Vâlcea County

Vâlcea (also spelt Vîlcea) is a county (județ) of Romania.

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Vlad Țepeș League

The Vlad Țepeș League (Liga Vlad Țepeș, LVȚ), later Conservative Party (Partidul Conservator, PC), was a political party in Romania, founded and presided upon by Grigore Filipescu.

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Vladimir Bodescu

Vladimir Bodescu (March 4, 1868, Durleşti – November 28, 1941, Chistopol) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Vladimir Chiorescu

Vladimir Chiorescu was a Bessarabian politician.

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Vladimir Cristi

Vladimir Cristi (1880, Teleşeu - 1956, Văcăreşti Prison) was a Romanian politician.

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Vlașca County

Vlașca County is a former first-order administrative division of the Kingdom of Romania, in southern Muntenia, located between Bucharest and the Danube, which is now mostly the county of Giurgiu.

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White Terror (Russia)

The White Terror in Russia refers to the organized violence and mass killings carried out by the White Army during the Russian Civil War (1917–23).

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Women's suffrage

Women's suffrage (colloquial: female suffrage, woman suffrage or women's right to vote) --> is the right of women to vote in elections; a person who advocates the extension of suffrage, particularly to women, is called a suffragist.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yehuda Leib Tsirelson

Yehuda Leib Tsirelson (1859, Kozelets, Chernihiv Oblast – 1941, Kishinev, Soviet Union) was the Chief Rabbi of Bessarabia, a member of the Romanian parliament, and a prominent Jewish leader and posek.

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Yellow

Yellow is the color between orange and green on the spectrum of visible light.

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Zamfir Arbore

Zamfir Constantin Arbore (born Zamfir Ralli, Земфирий Константинович Арборе-Ралли, Zemfiriyi Konstantinovich Arborye-Ralli; also known as Zamfir Arbure, Zamfir Rally, Zemphiri Ralli and Aivaza;Felea (1971), p.9 November 14, 1848 – April 2 or April 3, 1933) was a Bukovinan-born Romanian political activist originally active in the Russian Empire, also known for his work as an amateur historian, geographer and ethnographer.

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Zemstvo

A zemstvo (p, plural zemstva – земства) was an institution of local government set up during the great emancipation reform of 1861 carried out in Imperial Russia by Emperor Alexander II of Russia.

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Ziarul Financiar

Ziarul Financiar is a daily financial newspaper published in Bucharest, Romania.

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Zigu Ornea

Zigu Ornea (born Zigu Orenstein Andrei Vasilescu,, in, Vol. II, Nr. 1, January–June 2008, p.85 or OrnsteinGeorge Ardeleanu,, in Observator Cultural, Nr. 363, March 2007 and commonly known as Z. Ornea; August 28, 1930 – November 14, 2001) was a Romanian cultural historian, literary critic, biographer and book publisher.

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1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia

"1 Decembrie 1918" University, Alba Iulia is a public higher education and research institution founded in 1991 in Alba Iulia, Romania.

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1907 Romanian Peasants' revolt

The 1907 Romanian Peasants' revolt took place between 21 February and 5 April 1907.

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1920 Romanian general strike

The 1920 Romanian general strike was a major nationwide strike in the Kingdom of Romania, lasting between October 20 and 28 and involved the participation of most of the over 400,000 industrial workers from across the country.

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1923 Constitution of Romania

The 1923 Constitution of Romania, also called the Constitution of Union, was intended to align the organisation of the state on the basis of universal male suffrage and the new realities that arose after the Great Union of 1918.

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1934 Montreux Fascist conference

The Fascist International Congress was a meeting held by deputies from a number of European Fascist organizations.

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1938 Constitution of Romania

The 1938 Constitution of Romania was the fundamental law of Romania from the time of its adoption until 1940.

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Redirects here:

Averescan, Averescani, Averescans, Liga Poporului, Partidul Averescan, Partidul Poporului, People's Party (Romania; defunct).

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Party_(interwar_Romania)

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