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207 relations: Abdominojugular test, ACVRL1, Adenosine, Adventitia, Altitude, Ambrisentan, Angiosarcoma, Anticoagulant, Aortic valve, Appetite, Arterial blood gas test, Arteritis, Artery, Ascending aorta, Ascites, Atrial septostomy, Atrium (heart), Évian-les-Bains, Basic fibroblast growth factor, Benfluorex, Biological half-life, Birth defect, Blood pressure, BMPR2, Bosentan, Calcium channel blocker, Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review, Cardiac catheterization, Cardiology, Caveolin 1, Cell migration, Cellular differentiation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central venous catheter, CGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5, Chest pain, Chest radiograph, Chloe Temtchine, Choosing Wisely, Chronic kidney disease, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Cinaciguat, Cirrhosis, Cocaine, Congenital heart defect, Connective tissue disease, CT scan, Cyanosis, Cyclic guanosine monophosphate, Dasatinib, ..., Diuretic, Doppler echocardiography, Echinococcosis, Echocardiography, Edema, Effects of high altitude on humans, EIF2AK4, Eisenmenger's syndrome, Elaine Kaufman, Electrocardiography, Endothelial NOS, Endothelin, Endothelin receptor antagonist, Epidermal growth factor, Ethanol, European Respiratory Society, European Society of Cardiology, Fatigue, Fenfluramine, Fibrosis, Flushing (physiology), Gaucher's disease, Genetic disorder, Gilead Sciences, Glycogen storage disease, Glycolysis, Growth factor, Guanylate cyclase, Heart, Heart failure, Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Hematologic disease, Hemolytic anemia, Heritability, Histiocytosis, HIV/AIDS, Hypertension, Hypertrophy, Hypoventilation, Hypoxemia, Hypoxia (medical), Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, Idiopathic disease, Iloprost, Ina Balin, Indigestion, Infant, Inflammation, Interstitial lung disease, KCNK3, Lightheadedness, Lobe (anatomy), Lung, Lung transplantation, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Macitentan, Magnetic resonance imaging, Median, Mediastinitis, Medical ultrasound, Meta-analysis, Metabolic disorder, Metabolism, Methamphetamine, Mitochondrion, Mitral valve, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9, Myalgia, Natalie Cole, Neurofibromatosis, Nitric oxide, Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, Orthopnea, Oxidative phosphorylation, Oxygen, Oxygen therapy, Palpitations, Parasitism, Parasternal heave, Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, Persistent fetal circulation, Phosphodiesterase, Physical examination, Platelet, Platelet-derived growth factor, Pleural effusion, Portal hypertension, Pregnancy, Priya Balachandran, Prostacyclin, Prostaglandin, Prostanoid, Protein kinase A, Pulmonary alveolus, Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary artery catheter, Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary function testing, Pulmonary heart disease, Pulmonary Hypertension Association, Pulmonary insufficiency, Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, Pulmonary venoocclusive disease, Pulmonology, Pulse, Pulse oximetry, Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, Quantitative trait locus, Radiopaedia, Reference range, Respiratory disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, Riociguat, Sarcoidosis, Schistosomiasis, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Sensitivity and specificity, Sepsis, Serology, Shortness of breath, Sickle cell disease, Sildenafil, Sitaxentan, Sleep and breathing, Sleep apnea, Smooth muscle tissue, Soluble guanylyl cyclase, Spirometry, Stenosis, Stroke volume, Swelling (medical), Syncope (medicine), Systemic disease, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Systemic scleroderma, Tachycardia, Tadalafil, Therapy, Third heart sound, Thrombosis, Thromboxane, Thrombus, Thyroid disease, Tobacco, Treprostinil, Tricuspid insufficiency, Valvular heart disease, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Vascular smooth muscle, Vasculitis, Vasoconstriction, Venous thrombosis, Ventricle (heart), World Health Organization, X-ray. Expand index (157 more) »
Abdominojugular test
The abdominojugular test or abdominojugular reflux (AJR) (historically known by the term hepatojugular reflux) is a physical examination test useful in diagnosing right ventricle dysfunction, particularly right ventricular failure.
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ACVRL1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACVRL1 gene.
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Adenosine
Adenosine is both a chemical found in many living systems and a medication.
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Adventitia
Adventitia is the outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure.
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Altitude
Altitude or height (sometimes known as depth) is defined based on the context in which it is used (aviation, geometry, geographical survey, sport, atmospheric pressure, and many more).
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Ambrisentan
Ambrisentan (U.S. trade name Letairis; E.U. trade name Volibris; India trade name Pulmonext by MSN labs) is a drug indicated for use in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Angiosarcoma
Angiosarcoma is a cancer of the cells that line the walls of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels.
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Anticoagulant
Anticoagulants, commonly referred to as blood thinners, are chemical substances that prevent or reduce coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time.
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Aortic valve
The aortic valve is a valve in the human heart between the left ventricle and the aorta.
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Appetite
Appetite is the desire to eat food, sometimes due to hunger.
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Arterial blood gas test
An arterial-blood gas (ABG) test measures the amounts of arterial gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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Arteritis
Arteritis is the inflammation of the walls of arteries, usually as a result of infection or autoimmune response.
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Artery
An artery (plural arteries) is a blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart to all parts of the body (tissues, lungs, etc).
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Ascending aorta
The ascending aorta (AAo) is a portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum.
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Ascites
Ascites is the abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen.
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Atrial septostomy
Atrial septostomy is a surgical procedure in which a small hole is created between the upper two chambers of the heart, the atria.
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Atrium (heart)
The atrium is the upper chamber in which blood enters the heart.
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Évian-les-Bains
Évian-les-Bains or Évian is a commune in the northern part of the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
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Basic fibroblast growth factor
FGF2, also known as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and FGF-β, is a growth factor and signaling protein encoded by the FGF2 gene.
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Benfluorex
Benfluorex is an anorectic and hypolipidemic agent that is structurally related to fenfluramine patented and manufactured by a French pharmaceutical company Servier.
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Biological half-life
The biological half-life of a biological substance is the time it takes for half to be removed by biological processes when the rate of removal is roughly exponential.
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Birth defect
A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause.
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Blood pressure
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels.
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BMPR2
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II or BMPR2 is a serine/threonine receptor kinase.
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Bosentan
Bosentan is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH).
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Calcium channel blocker
Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists are several medications that disrupt the movement of calcium through calcium channels.
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Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review
The Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) is a disease specific patient-reported outcome measure which assesses quality of life of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH).
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Cardiac catheterization
Cardiac catheterization (heart cath) is the insertion of a catheter into a chamber or vessel of the heart.
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Cardiology
Cardiology (from Greek καρδίᾱ kardiā, "heart" and -λογία -logia, "study") is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart as well as parts of the circulatory system.
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Caveolin 1
Caveolin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAV1 gene.
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Cell migration
Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
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Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States.
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Central venous catheter
A central venous catheter (CVC), also known as a central line, central venous line, or central venous access catheter, is a catheter placed into a large vein.
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CGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5
cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 is an enzyme from the phosphodiesterase class.
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Chest pain
Chest pain is pain in any region of the chest.
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Chest radiograph
A chest radiograph, colloquially called a chest X-ray (CXR), or chest film, is a projection radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest, its contents, and nearby structures.
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Chloe Temtchine
Chloe Temtchine is an American singer-songwriter.
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Choosing Wisely
Choosing Wisely is a United States-based health educational campaign, led by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM).
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Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of kidney disease in which there is gradual loss of kidney function over a period of months or years.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow.
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Cinaciguat
Cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667) is an experimental drug for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure.
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Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage.
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Cocaine
Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug.
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Congenital heart defect
A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly or congenital heart disease, is a problem in the structure of the heart that is present at birth.
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Connective tissue disease
A connective tissue disease is any disease that has the connective tissues of the body as a target of pathology.
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CT scan
A CT scan, also known as computed tomography scan, makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.
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Cyanosis
Cyanosis is defined as the bluish or purplish discolouration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface having low oxygen saturation.
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Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
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Dasatinib
Dasatinib, sold under the brand name Sprycel, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat certain cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
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Diuretic
A diuretic is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine.
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Doppler echocardiography
Doppler echocardiography is a procedure that uses Doppler ultrasonography to examine the heart.
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Echinococcosis
Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease of tapeworms of the Echinococcus type.
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Echocardiography
An echocardiogram, often referred to as a cardiac echo or simply an echo, is a sonogram of the heart.
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Edema
Edema, also spelled oedema or œdema, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body, which can cause severe pain.
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Effects of high altitude on humans
The effects of high altitude on humans are considerable.
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EIF2AK4
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EIF2AK4 gene.
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Eisenmenger's syndrome
Eisenmenger's syndrome (or ES, Eisenmenger's reaction, Eisenmenger physiology, or tardive cyanosis) is defined as the process in which a long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.
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Elaine Kaufman
Elaine Edna Kaufman (February 10, 1929 – December 3, 2010) was a restaurateur whose Manhattan restaurant, Elaine's, attracted a following among prominent actors, writers, and other celebrities.
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Electrocardiography
Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin.
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Endothelial NOS
Endothelial NOS (eNOS), also known as nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) or constitutive NOS (cNOS), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS3 gene located in the 7q35-7q36 region of chromosome 7.
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Endothelin
Endothelins are peptides with receptors and effects in many body organs.
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Endothelin receptor antagonist
An endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) is a drug that blocks endothelin receptors.
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Epidermal growth factor
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor, EGFR.
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Ethanol
Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.
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European Respiratory Society
The European Respiratory Society, or ERS, is a non-profit organization with offices in Lausanne, Brussels and Sheffield.
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European Society of Cardiology
The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) is a non-profit knowledge-based professional association that facilitates the improvement and harmonization of standards of diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Fatigue
Fatigue is a subjective feeling of tiredness that has a gradual onset.
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Fenfluramine
Fenfluramine, formerly sold under the brand name Pondimin among others, is an appetite suppressant which was used to treat obesity and is now no longer marketed.
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Fibrosis
Fibrosis is the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue in a reparative or reactive process.
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Flushing (physiology)
For a person to flush is to become markedly red in the face and often other areas of the skin, from various physiological conditions.
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Gaucher's disease
Gaucher's disease or Gaucher disease (GD) is a genetic disorder in which glucocerebroside (a sphingolipid, also known as glucosylceramide) accumulates in cells and certain organs.
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Genetic disorder
A genetic disorder is a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome.
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Gilead Sciences
Gilead Sciences, Inc., commonly known as Gilead Sciences or Gilead (also styled GILEAD), is an American biopharmaceutical company that researches, develops and commercializes drugs.
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Glycogen storage disease
A glycogen storage disease (GSD, also glycogenosis and dextrinosis) is a metabolic disorder caused by enzyme deficiencies affecting either glycogen synthesis, glycogen breakdown or glycolysis (glucose breakdown), typically within muscles and/or liver cells.
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Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+.
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Growth factor
A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation.
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Guanylate cyclase
Guanylate cyclase (also known as guanyl cyclase, guanylyl cyclase, or GC) is a lyase enzyme.
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Heart
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.
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Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), is when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.
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Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of congestive heart failure where in the amount of blood pumped from the heart's left ventricle with each beat (ejection fraction) is greater than 50%.
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Hematologic disease
Hematologic diseases are disorders which primarily affect the blood.
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Hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular, but usually in the spleen).
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Heritability
Heritability is a statistic used in the fields of breeding and genetics that estimates the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals in that population.
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Histiocytosis
In medicine, histiocytosis is an excessive number of histiocytes (tissue macrophages), and the term is also often used to refer to a group of rare diseases which share this sign as a characteristic.
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HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy (from Greek ὑπέρ "excess" + τροφή "nourishment") is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
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Hypoventilation
Hypoventilation (also known as respiratory depression) occurs when ventilation is inadequate (hypo meaning "below") to perform needed gas exchange.
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Hypoxemia
Hypoxemia (or hypoxaemia in British English) is an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood.
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Hypoxia (medical)
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.
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Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), also known as the Euler-Liljestrand mechanism, is a physiological phenomenon in which small pulmonary arteries constrict in the presence of alveolar hypoxia (low oxygen levels).
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Idiopathic disease
An idiopathic disease is any disease with an unknown cause or mechanism of apparently spontaneous origin.
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Iloprost
Iloprost is a drug used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), scleroderma, Raynaud's phenomenon and other diseases in which the blood vessels are constricted and blood can't flow to the tissues.
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Ina Balin
Ina Balin (born Ina Rosenberg, November 12, 1937 – June 20, 1990) was an American film, television, and stage actress.
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Indigestion
Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is a condition of impaired digestion.
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Infant
An infant (from the Latin word infans, meaning "unable to speak" or "speechless") is the more formal or specialised synonym for "baby", the very young offspring of a human.
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Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
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Interstitial lung disease
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), is a group of lung diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue and space around the air sacs of the lungs).
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KCNK3
Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK3 gene.
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Lightheadedness
Lightheadedness is a common and typically unpleasant sensation of dizziness and/or a feeling that one may faint.
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Lobe (anatomy)
In anatomy, a lobe is a clear anatomical division or extension of an organ (as seen for example in the brain, the lung, liver or the kidney) that can be determined without the use of a microscope at the gross anatomy level.
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Lung
The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and many other animals including a few fish and some snails.
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Lung transplantation
Lung transplantation or pulmonary transplantation is a surgical procedure in which a patient's diseased lungs are partially or totally replaced by lungs which come from a donor.
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Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, progressive and systemic disease that typically results in cystic lung destruction.
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Macitentan
Macitentan (trade name Opsumit) is an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
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Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body in both health and disease.
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Median
The median is the value separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half.
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Mediastinitis
Mediastinitis is inflammation of the tissues in the mid-chest, or mediastinum.
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Medical ultrasound
Medical ultrasound (also known as diagnostic sonography or ultrasonography) is a diagnostic imaging technique based on the application of ultrasound.
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Meta-analysis
A meta-analysis is a statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies.
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Metabolic disorder
A metabolic disorder can happen when abnormal chemical reactions in the body alter the normal metabolic process.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.
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Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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Mitral valve
The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve, is a valve with two flaps in the heart, that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
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Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 also known as SMAD9, SMAD8, and MADH6 is a protein that in humans is enocoded by the SMAD9 gene.
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Myalgia
Myalgia, or muscle pain, is a symptom of many diseases and disorders.
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Natalie Cole
Natalie Maria Cole (February 6, 1950 – December 31, 2015) was an American singer, voice actress, songwriter, and actress.
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Neurofibromatosis
Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a group of three conditions in which tumors grow in the nervous system.
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Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula NO.
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Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (also known as Pickwickian syndrome) is a condition in which severely overweight people fail to breathe rapidly enough or deeply enough, resulting in low blood oxygen levels and high blood carbon dioxide (CO2) levels.
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Orthopnea
Orthopnea or orthopnoea is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair.
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Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) (UK, US) is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing energy which is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Oxygen therapy
Oxygen therapy, also known as supplemental oxygen, is the use of oxygen as a medical treatment.
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Palpitations
Palpitations are the perceived abnormality of the heartbeat characterized by awareness of cardiac muscle contractions in the chest: hard, fast and/or irregular beats.
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Parasitism
In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
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Parasternal heave
A parasternal heave is a precordial impulse that may be felt (palpated) in patients with cardiac or respiratory disease.
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Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (PND) refers to attacks of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occur at night.
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Persistent fetal circulation
Persistent fetal circulation (also called persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, PPHN) is a condition caused by a failure in the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation to convert from the antenatal circulation pattern to the "normal" pattern.
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Phosphodiesterase
A phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond.
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Physical examination
A physical examination, medical examination, or clinical examination (more popularly known as a check-up) is the process by which a medical professional investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease.
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Platelet
Platelets, also called thrombocytes (from Greek θρόμβος, "clot" and κύτος, "cell"), are a component of blood whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.
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Platelet-derived growth factor
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is one of numerous growth factors that regulate cell growth and division.
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Pleural effusion
A pleural effusion is excess fluid that accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs.
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Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension is hypertension (high blood pressure) in the hepatic portal system – made up of the portal vein and its branches, that drain from most of the intestine to the liver.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Priya Balachandran
Priya Balachandran is a TV producer and writer.
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Prostacyclin
Prostacyclin (also called prostaglandin I2 or PGI2) is a prostaglandin member of the eicosanoid family of lipid molecules.
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Prostaglandin
The prostaglandins (PG) are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds having diverse hormone-like effects in animals.
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Prostanoid
Prostanoids are a subclass of eicosanoids consisting of the prostaglandins (mediators of inflammatory and anaphylactic reactions), the thromboxanes (mediators of vasoconstriction), and the prostacyclins (active in the resolution phase of inflammation.).
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Protein kinase A
In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKANot to be confused with pKa, the symbol for the acid dissociation constant.) is a family of enzymes whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
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Pulmonary alveolus
A pulmonary alveolus (plural: alveoli, from Latin alveolus, "little cavity") is a hollow cavity found in the lung parenchyma, and is the basic unit of ventilation.
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Pulmonary artery
A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs.
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Pulmonary artery catheter
In medicine pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) is the insertion of a catheter into a pulmonary artery.
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Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is a disease affecting the blood vessels of the lungs, where abnormal capillary proliferation and venous fibrous intimal thickening result in progressive increase in vascular resistance.
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Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the tissue and air spaces of the lungs.
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Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism).
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Pulmonary function testing
Pulmonary function test (PFT) is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function.
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Pulmonary heart disease
Pulmonary heart disease, also known as cor pulmonale, is the enlargement and failure of the right ventricle of the heart as a response to increased vascular resistance (such as from pulmonic stenosis) or high blood pressure in the lungs.
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Pulmonary Hypertension Association
The Pulmonary Hypertension Association (PHA) is a 501(c) organization non-profit support, education, advocacy and awareness association for pulmonary hypertension (PH).
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Pulmonary insufficiency
Pulmonary insufficiency (or incompetence, or regurgitation) is a condition in which the pulmonary valve is incompetent and allows backflow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle of the heart during diastole.
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Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy
In thoracic surgery, a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is an operation that removes organized clotted blood (thrombus) from the pulmonary arteries, which supply blood to the lungs.
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Pulmonary venoocclusive disease
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare form of pulmonary hypertension caused by progressive blockage of the small veins in the lungs.
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Pulmonology
Pulmonology is a medical speciality that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract.
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Pulse
In medicine, a pulse represents the tactile arterial palpation of the heartbeat by trained fingertips.
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Pulse oximetry
Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method for monitoring a person's oxygen saturation (SO2).
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (also pyruvate dehydrogenase complex kinase, PDC kinase, or PDK) is a kinase enzyme which acts to inactivate the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase by phosphorylating it using ATP.
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Quantitative trait locus
A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a section of DNA (the locus) which correlates with variation in a phenotype (the quantitative trait).
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Radiopaedia
Radiopaedia is a wiki-based international collaborative radiology educational web resource containing reference articles, radiology images, and patient cases.
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Reference range
In health-related fields, a reference range or reference interval is the range of values for a physiologic measurement in healthy persons (for example, the amount of creatinine in the blood, or the partial pressure of oxygen).
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Respiratory disease
Respiratory disease is a medical term that encompasses pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange possible in higher organisms, and includes conditions of the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles of breathing.
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Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.
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Riociguat
Riociguat (trade name Adempas) is a drug by Bayer that is a stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC).
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Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomas.
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Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever and bilharzia, is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes.
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders.
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Sensitivity and specificity
Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures of the performance of a binary classification test, also known in statistics as a classification function.
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Sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
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Serology
Serology is the scientific study of serum and other bodily fluids.
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Shortness of breath
Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, is the feeling that one cannot breathe well enough.
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Sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of blood disorders typically inherited from a person's parents.
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Sildenafil
Sildenafil, sold as the brand name Viagra among others, is a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Sitaxentan
Sitaxentan sodium (TBC-11251) is a medication for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
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Sleep and breathing
Significant physiologic changes in breathing take place during normal sleep related to alterations in respiratory drive and musculature.
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Sleep apnea
Sleep apnea, also spelled sleep apnoea, is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep.
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Smooth muscle tissue
Smooth muscle is an involuntary non-striated muscle.
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Soluble guanylyl cyclase
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is the only known receptor for nitric oxide, NO.
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Spirometry
Spirometry (meaning the measuring of breath) is the most common of the pulmonary function tests (PFTs).
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Stenosis
A stenosis is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure.
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Stroke volume
In cardiovascular physiology, stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat.
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Swelling (medical)
In medical parlance, swelling, turgescence or tumefaction is a transient abnormal enlargement of a body part or area not caused by proliferation of cells.
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Syncope (medicine)
Syncope, also known as fainting, is a loss of consciousness and muscle strength characterized by a fast onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery.
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Systemic disease
A systemic disease is one that affects a number of organs and tissues, or affects the body as a whole.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), also known simply as lupus, is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body.
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Systemic scleroderma
Systemic scleroderma, also called diffuse scleroderma or systemic sclerosis, is an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue.
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Tachycardia
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.
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Tadalafil
Tadalafil (INN) is a PDE5 inhibitor marketed in pill form for treating erectile dysfunction (ED) under the name Cialis, and under the name Adcirca for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Therapy
Therapy (often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx) is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a diagnosis.
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Third heart sound
The third heart sound or S3 is a rare extra heart sound that occurs soon after the normal two "lub-dub" heart sounds (S1 and S2).
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Thrombosis
Thrombosis (from Ancient Greek θρόμβωσις thrómbōsis "clotting”) is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
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Thromboxane
Thromboxane is a member of the family of lipids known as eicosanoids.
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Thrombus
A thrombus, colloquially called a blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis.
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Thyroid disease
Thyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the function of the thyroid gland (the endocrine organ found at the front of the neck that produces thyroid hormones).
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Tobacco
Tobacco is a product prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant by curing them.
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Treprostinil
Treprostinil (marketed under the trade names Remodulin for infusion, Orenitram for oral, and Tyvaso for inhalation) is a vasodilator that is used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Tricuspid insufficiency
Tricuspid insufficiency (TI), a valvular heart disease also called tricuspid regurgitation (TR), refers to the failure of the heart's tricuspid valve to close properly during systole.
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Valvular heart disease
Valvular heart disease is any disease process involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and bicuspid valves on the left side of heart and the pulmonary and tricuspid valves on the right side of heart. These conditions occur largely as a consequence of aging,Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study. Nkomo VT, Gardin JM, Skelton TN, Gottdiener JS, Scott CG, Enriquez-Sarano. Lancet. 2006 Sep;368(9540):1005-11. but may also be the result of congenital (inborn) abnormalities or specific disease or physiologic processes including rheumatic heart disease and pregnancy. Anatomically, the valves are part of the dense connective tissue of the heart known as the cardiac skeleton and are responsible for the regulation of blood flow through the heart and great vessels. Valve failure or dysfunction can result in diminished heart functionality, though the particular consequences are dependent on the type and severity of valvular disease. Treatment of damaged valves may involve medication alone, but often involves surgical valve repair (valvuloplasty) or replacement (insertion of an artificial heart valve).
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Vascular endothelial growth factor
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates the formation of blood vessels.
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Vascular smooth muscle
Vascular smooth muscle refers to the particular type of smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels.
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Vasculitis
Vasculitis is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation.
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Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles.
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Venous thrombosis
A venous thrombus is a blood clot (thrombus) that forms within a vein.
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Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers in the heart that collect and expel blood received from an atrium towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs.
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World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.
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X-ray
X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_hypertension
