Communication

399 relations: Abaqa Khan, Abbas I of Persia, Abbas Mirza, Abbasid Caliphate, Abd al-Qadir Maraghi, Abgoosht, Absheron Economic Region, Africa, Ahmad Alirezabeigi, Ahrab, Aji Chay, Aji Chay Bridge, Akhmaqaya, Almond, American Memorial School in Tabriz, Amir Nezam House, Amirkhiz, Amu Darya, Anatolia, Ani, Aq Qoyunlu, Arasbaran, Ardashir I, Arg of Tabriz, Armenia, Armenian Apostolic Church, Armenian language, Armenians, Ashik, Asia, Association football, Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, Assyrians in Iran, Astrolabe, Atropates, Autumn, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Azarshahr, Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan Museum, Azerbaijan People's Government, Azerbaijani language, Azerbaijanis, Azim Gheychisaz, Āsh, İzmir, İzmir Province, Baghdad, Baghmisheh gate, ..., Bahá'í Faith, Bakhsh, Baklava, Baku, Baqir Khan, Baron Avak, Battle of Chaldiran, Bazaar of Tabriz, Bazargan, Iran, Behnam House, Belarus, Blue Mosque, Tabriz, Bonab kababi, Bonyan Diesel Stadium, Bouillon, Bustan (book), Byzantine Empire, Carpet, Carrot, Caucasus, Cement, Central District (Tabriz County), Ceramic, Chelow kabab, China, Christianity, City of Firsts, Classical Armenian, Confectionery, Constitution House of Tabriz, Counties of Iran, Coup d'état, Cutlet, Cycling, Dabiri Tabriz FSC, Dagestan, Davachi (Shotorban), David Rohl, Diyarbakır, Dolma, East Azerbaijan Governance Palace, East Azerbaijan Province, Easter, Eastern Anatolia Region, Egypt, Eight-thousander, El-Gölü, Embroidery, Encyclopædia Britannica, Enver Pasha, Eric H. Cline, Erzurum, Erzurum Province, Eugène Flandin, Europe, Eynali, Farhad Fakhreddini, Fars News Agency, Ferdowsi Street, Tabriz, Freeway 2 (Iran), Furniture, Futsal, Gajil, Ganja, Azerbaijan, Garden of Eden, Garlic, Gaza City, Gaza Governorate, Georgia (country), Georgians, Germans, Ghaem Magham, Ghazan, Ghazni, Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi, Ghotour Bridge, Golestan Park, Gostaresh Foulad F.C., Greek Orthodox Church, Gregory Choniades, Haidarzadeh House, Haji-Mirza Hassan Roshdieh, Hariree House, Harun al-Rashid, History of Iran, History of the Soviet Union (1982–91), Ho Chi Minh City, Hokmavar, Homam-e Tabrizi, Hossein Shahabi, House of Seghat-ol-Eslam, Howard Baskerville, Hubei, Humid continental climate, Ilkhanate, Imam Hossein University, Imamieh, Imamzadeh Hamzah, Tabriz, Indian Ocean, Iraj Mirza, Iraj Shahin-Baher, Iran, Iran Standard Time, Iran Tractor Manufacturing Company, Iran's National Orchestra, Iran–Iraq War, Iranian Armenians, Iranian Azerbaijanis, Iranian Constitutional 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dynasty, Qaraghaj, Tabriz, Qaramalik, Qari Bridge, Qatran Tabrizi, Qazvin, Qurabiya, Quri Chay, Rab'-e Rashidi, Rain, Ramadan, Refining, Regions of Iran, Reza Shah, Rice, Road 32 (Iran), Roshdiyeh, Ruhollah Khomeini, Rumi, Russia, Russian Caucasus Army (World War I), Russian Empire, Russo-Persian War (1826–1828), Russo-Persian Wars, Saadi Shirazi, Saat Tower, Safavid dynasty, Safina-yi Tabriz, Sahand, Sahand TV, Sahand University of Technology, Saheb-ol-Amr Mosque, Saib Tabrizi, Saint Mary Church of Tabriz, Samad Behrangi, Samarkand, Sangak, Sargon II, Sasanian Empire, Sattar Khan, Season, Seventh-day Adventist Church, Shahabaddin Bimeghdar, Shahid Poursharifi Arena, Shahnaz street, Shakur Akbarnejad, Shams Tabrizi, Shanb Ghazan, Sheshgelan, Shia Islam, Shiraz, Shirin Asal Food Industrial Group, Shohada Mosque, Silk Road, Silver, Sister city, Snow, Soltaniyeh, Soviet Union, Spice, Split pea, Spring (season), State of Palestine, Sughd Region, Sunni Islam, Tabriz County, Tabriz Cycling Track, Tabriz Fire Fighting Tower, Tabriz International Airport, Tabriz International Exhibition Center, Tabriz Islamic Arts University, Tabriz köftesi, Tabriz Khanate, Tabriz Metro, Tabriz Museum of Natural History, Tabriz National Library, Tabriz Petrochemical CCN Team, Tabriz railway station, Tabriz rug, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr (electoral district), Tabrizi Lovuez, Tahmasp I, Tahmineh Milani, Tajikistan, Takhti Stadium (Tabriz), Tamar of Georgia, Tarbiat library, Tarbiat street, Tatarstan, Tbilisi, Tehran, Timeline of Tabriz, Timur, Tiridates II of Armenia, Tiridates III of Armenia, Tomb of Two Kamals, Toreutics, Tour of Azerbaijan (Iran), Tractor Sazi F.C., Treaty of Turkmenchay, Treaty of Zuhab, Turkey, Turkic languages, Turkish delight, Turkish dialects, Twelver, Union Cycliste Internationale, United States, University of Tabriz, Vardan Areveltsi, Vegetable, Vietnam, War of the Cities, West Azerbaijan Province, Winter, Wood, World Crafts 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Abaqa Khan

Abaqa Khan (1234–1282, ᠠᠪᠠᠬᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (Traditional script), "paternal uncle", also transliterated Abaġa), was the second Mongol ruler (Ilkhan) of the Ilkhanate.

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Abbas I of Persia

Shāh Abbās the Great or Shāh Abbās I of Persia (شاه عباس بزرگ; 27 January 157119 January 1629) was the 5th Safavid Shah (king) of Iran, and is generally considered the strongest ruler of the Safavid dynasty.

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Abbas Mirza

Abbas Mirza (عباس میرزا) (August 20, 1789October 25, 1833), was a Qajar crown prince of Persia.

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Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate (or ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّة) was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Abd al-Qadir Maraghi

Abd al-Qadir al-Maraghi b. Ghaybi (عبدالقادر مراغی (born middle of 14th – died 1435 AD)), was a Persian musician and artist.

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Abgoosht

Abgoosht (Âbgušt,; literally "meat juice") is an Iranian stew.

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Absheron Economic Region

The Absheron Economic Region consists of.

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Africa

Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).

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Ahmad Alirezabeigi

Ahmad Alirezabeighi (احمد علیرضابیگی, born 1957 in Shabestar) is an Iranian retired police officer and principlist politician who currently serves as member of the Iranian Parliament representing Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr electoral district.

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Ahrab

Ahrab is a historic and ancient municipal district in central part of Tabriz.

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Aji Chay

Aji Chay (آجی چای Acı çay, تلخه رود) or Talkhe Rud is a river in Azerbaijan region of Iran.

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Aji Chay Bridge

Aji Chy Bridge is a historic bridge in Northwest of Tabriz on the Aji Chay river.

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Akhmaqaya

Akhmaqaya is an ancient and historic district in southwestern of Tabriz.

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Almond

The almond (Prunus dulcis, syn. Prunus amygdalus) is a species of tree native to Mediterranean climate regions of the Middle East, from Syria and Turkey to India and Pakistan, although it has been introduced elsewhere.

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American Memorial School in Tabriz

American Memorial School of Tabriz (مدرسه مموریال or مدرسه آمریکایی تبریز), established in Tabriz in 1881, is one of the most prominent schools of its kind.

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Amir Nezam House

The Amir Nezām House (Persian: خانه امیرنظام, Khaneh-e Amir Nezām, Azeri: Emir Nizamin evi), or The Qajar Museum of Tabriz, is a historical building in the Sheshghelan district (Persian: ششگلان), one of the oldest quarters of the city of Tabriz, Iran.

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Amirkhiz

Amirkhiz is an ancient and historic district in northwestern part of Tabriz.It is limited to Aji Chay in north and Meydan Chayi in south.

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Amu Darya

The Amu Darya, also called the Amu or Amo River, and historically known by its Latin name Oxus, is a major river in Central Asia.

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Anatolia

Anatolia (Modern Greek: Ανατολία Anatolía, from Ἀνατολή Anatolḗ,; "east" or "rise"), also known as Asia Minor (Medieval and Modern Greek: Μικρά Ἀσία Mikrá Asía, "small Asia"), Asian Turkey, the Anatolian peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey.

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Ani

Ani (Անի; Ἄνιον, Ánion; Abnicum; ანი, Ani, or ანისი, Anisi; Ani) is a ruined medieval Armenian city now situated in Turkey's province of Kars, next to the closed border with Armenia.

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Aq Qoyunlu

The Aq Qoyunlu or Ak Koyunlu, also called the White Sheep Turkomans (Āq Quyūnlū), was a Persianate Sunni Oghuz Turkic tribal federation that ruled present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Eastern Turkey, most part of Iran, and Iraq from 1378 to 1501.

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Arasbaran

Arasbaran (ارسباران Arasbârân) or Arasbar (ارسبار Arasbâr), also known as "Qaradagh" or "Karadagh" (Qaradağ / قره‌داغ, meaning "black mountain"), or "Qaraja dagh" or "Karaja dagh" (Qaracadağ / قراجه‌‌داغ, meaning "black mountain"), is a large mountainous area stretching from the Qūshā Dāgh massif, south of Ahar, to the Aras River in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran.

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Ardashir I

Ardashir I or Ardeshir I (Middle Persian:, New Persian: اردشیر بابکان, Ardashir-e Bābakān), also known as Ardashir the Unifier (180–242 AD), was the founder of the Sasanian Empire.

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Arg of Tabriz

Arg of Tabriz (ارگ تبريز, also known as Arg Alishah, Arg-e Alishah, Arch of Alishah, Arg Citadel, and Masjid Ali-Shāh), is the remnants of a big fortification and city wall in downtown Tabriz.

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Armenia

Armenia (translit), officially the Republic of Armenia (translit), is a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Armenian Apostolic Church

The Armenian Apostolic Church (translit) is the national church of the Armenian people.

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Armenian language

The Armenian language (reformed: հայերեն) is an Indo-European language spoken primarily by the Armenians.

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Armenians

Armenians (հայեր, hayer) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian Highlands.

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Ashik

An Ashik was traditionally a singer who accompanied his song— be it a dastan (traditional epic story, also known as hikaye) or a shorter original composition—with a long necked lute (bağlama) in Azerbaijani culture and related Turkic cultures.

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Asia

Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.

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Association football

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.

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Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (ܣܘܪܝܬ, sūrët), or just simply Assyrian, is a Neo-Aramaic language within the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family.

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Assyrians in Iran

Assyrians in Iran (آشوریان ایران), are an ethnoreligious and linguistic minority in present-day Iran.

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Astrolabe

An astrolabe (ἀστρολάβος astrolabos; ٱلأَسْطُرلاب al-Asturlāb; اَختِرِیاب Akhteriab) is an elaborate inclinometer, historically used by astronomers and navigators to measure the inclined position in the sky of a celestial body, day or night.

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Atropates

Atropates (Greek Aτρoπάτης, from Old Persian Athurpat "protected by fire"; c. 370 BC – after 321 BC) was a Persian trader and nobleman who served Darius III, then Alexander the Great, and eventually founded an independent kingdom and dynasty that was named after him.

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Autumn

Autumn, also known as fall in American and Canadian English, is one of the four temperate seasons.

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Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University

Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, (دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان) commonly called only Azarbaijan University, is a state university located near Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, founded in 1987.

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Azarshahr

Azarshahr (آذرشهر; also Romanized as Āz̄arshahr, Âzaršahr, Azərşəhr, or Āz̄ar Shahr; also known as Tufarqan (Persian: توفارقان), also Romanized as Dehkhvāreqān) is a city and capital of Azarshahr County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Azerbaijan

No description.

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Azerbaijan (Iran)

Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan (آذربایجان Āzarbāijān; آذربایجان Azərbaycan), also known as Iranian Azerbaijan, is a historical region in northwestern Iran that borders Iraq, Turkey, the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Azerbaijan Museum

Azerbaijan Museum is the major archaeological and historical museum in Tabriz, in the northwest part of Iran (East Azerbaijan province).

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Azerbaijan People's Government

The Azerbaijan People's Government (APG; Azərbaycan Milli Hökuməti, حکومت خودمختار آذربایجان, Азербайджанское народное правительство, Azerbajdzhanskoe narodnoe pravitel'stvo) was a short-lived unrecognized secessionist state in northern Iran from November 1945 to December 1946.

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Azerbaijani language

Azerbaijani or Azeri, also referred to as Azeri Turkic or Azeri Turkish, is a Turkic language spoken primarily by the Azerbaijanis, who are concentrated mainly in Transcaucasia and Iranian Azerbaijan (historic Azerbaijan).

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Azerbaijanis

Azerbaijanis or Azeris (Azərbaycanlılar آذربایجانلیلار, Azərilər آذریلر), also known as Azerbaijani Turks (Azərbaycan türkləri آذربایجان تورکلری), are a Turkic ethnic group living mainly in the Iranian region of Azerbaijan and the sovereign (former Soviet) Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Azim Gheychisaz

Azim Gheychisaz (عظیم قیچی‌ساز; born 1981, in Tabriz) is an Iranian mountain climber and the summiter of all 14 Eight-thousanders.

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Āsh

Āsh (آش) is part of the cuisine of Iranian, Azerbaijani, Caucasian, and Turkish meals.

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İzmir

İzmir is a metropolitan city in the western extremity of Anatolia and the third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara.

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İzmir Province

İzmir Province (Izmir ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey in western Anatolia, situated along the Aegean coast. Its capital is the city of İzmir, which is in itself composed of the province's central 10 districts out of 30 in total. To the west, it is surrounded by the Aegean Sea, and it encloses the Gulf of Izmir. Its area is, with a population of 4,279,677 in 2017. The population was 3,370,866 in 2000. Neighboring provinces are Balıkesir to the north, Manisa to the east, and Aydın to the south. The traffic code of the province is 35. Major rivers of the province include the Küçük Menderes river, Koca Çay (with Güzelhisar dam), and Bakırçay.

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Baghdad

Baghdad (بغداد) is the capital of Iraq.

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Baghmisheh gate

Baghmisheh gate (دروازهٔ باغمیشه, باغمشه قاپی سی), also transliterated as Baghmasha, is an old gate in the Bazaar suburb of Tabriz, north-western Iran.

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Bahá'í Faith

The Bahá'í Faith (بهائی) is a religion teaching the essential worth of all religions, and the unity and equality of all people.

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Bakhsh

A bakhsh (بخش) is a type of administrative division of Iran.

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Baklava

Baklava is a rich, sweet dessert pastry made of layers of filo filled with chopped nuts and sweetened and held together with syrup or honey.

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Baku

Baku (Bakı) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region, with a population of 2,374,000.

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Baqir Khan

Bagher Khān (باقرخان; born 1870 – died November 1916) honorarily titled Sālār-e Melli (Persian: سالار ملی meaning National Chieftain), was one of the key figures in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution.

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Baron Avak

Baron Avak (Barnava, بارون آواک, Պարոն Աւագ) is an old neighbourhood in the city center of Tabriz in Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Battle of Chaldiran

The Battle of Chaldiran (جنگ چالدران; Çaldıran Muharebesi) took place on 23 August 1514 and ended with a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire.

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Bazaar of Tabriz

The Bazaar of Tabriz (بازار تبریز, also Romanized as Bāzār-e Tabriz) is a historical market situated in the city center of Tabriz, Iran.

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Bazargan, Iran

Bazargan (بازرگان; also Romanized as Bāzargān and Bāzergān; also known as Bāzarqān) is a city and capital of Bazargan District, in Maku County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Behnam House

Behnam House is a historical building in Tabriz, Iran.

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Belarus

Belarus (Беларусь, Biełaruś,; Беларусь, Belarus'), officially the Republic of Belarus (Рэспубліка Беларусь; Республика Беларусь), formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia (Белоруссия, Byelorussiya), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest.

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Blue Mosque, Tabriz

The Blue Mosque (گؤی مسجید., Goy Masjed; مسجد کبود, Masjed-e Kabūd) is a famous historic mosque in Tabriz, Iran.

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Bonab kababi

Bonab kababi (Binab kababı) is a type of kebab that is made of ground beef, onion, and spices.

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Bonyan Diesel Stadium

Bonyan Diesel Stadium (Persian: ورزشگاه بنیان دیزل) or Gostaresh Foulad Stadium (Persian: ورزشگاه گسترش فولاد) is a soccer-specific stadium belongs to Gostaresh FC, located in west Tabriz, Iran.

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Bouillon

Bouillon (Bouyon) is a municipality in Belgium.

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Bustan (book)

Bustan (بوستان, pronounced "Būstān") is a book of poetry by the Persian poet Saadi, completed in 1257 and dedicated to the Salghurid Atabeg Sa'd I or Sa'd II.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).

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Carpet

A carpet is a textile floor covering typically consisting of an upper layer of pile attached to a backing.

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Carrot

The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist.

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Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.

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Cement

A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens and adheres to other materials, binding them together.

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Central District (Tabriz County)

The Central District of Tabriz County (بخش مرکزی شهرستان تبریز) is a district (bakhsh) in Tabriz County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Ceramic

A ceramic is a non-metallic solid material comprising an inorganic compound of metal, non-metal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and covalent bonds.

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Chelow kabab

Chelow kebab (چلوکباب) is an Iranian dish consisting of cooked rice and one of the many varieties of Iranian kebab.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Christianity

ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.

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City of Firsts

The City of Firsts or city of pioneers (شهر اولین‌ها) is an unofficial motto for Tabriz, a major city and provincial capital in north west of Iran.

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Classical Armenian

Classical Armenian (grabar, Western Armenian krapar, meaning "literary "; also Old Armenian or Liturgical Armenian) is the oldest attested form of the Armenian language.

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Confectionery

Confectionery is the art of making confections, which are food items that are rich in sugar and carbohydrates.

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Constitution House of Tabriz

The Constitution House of Tabriz, also known as Khaneh Mashrouteh, is a historical edifice located next to the Great Bazaar of Tabriz, on Motahari Ave in Tabriz, Iran.

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Counties of Iran

The counties of Iran, called shahrestan (شهرستان), are administrative divisions of larger provinces (ostan).

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Coup d'état

A coup d'état, also known simply as a coup, a putsch, golpe de estado, or an overthrow, is a type of revolution, where the illegal and overt seizure of a state by the military or other elites within the state apparatus occurs.

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Cutlet

Cutlet (derived from côtelette, côte, "rib") refers to.

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Cycling

Cycling, also called bicycling or biking, is the use of bicycles for transport, recreation, exercise or sport.

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Dabiri Tabriz FSC

Dabiri Tabriz Futsal Club (باشگاه فوتسال دبیری تبریز) is an Iranian futsal club based in Tabriz.

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Dagestan

The Republic of Dagestan (Респу́блика Дагеста́н), or simply Dagestan (or; Дагеста́н), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region.

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Davachi (Shotorban)

Davachi (Azerbaijani: Dəvəçi, Persian: دَوه‌چی, which literally translated into شتربان in Persian) is an old and historical district in North of Tabriz.

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David Rohl

David Michael Rohl (born 12 September 1950) is a British EgyptologistBennett, Chris.

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Diyarbakır

Diyarbakır (Amida, script) is one of the largest cities in southeastern Turkey.

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Dolma

Dolma is a family of stuffed vegetable dishes common in the Mediterranean cuisine and surrounding regions including the Balkans, the Caucasus, Russia, Central Asia and Middle East.

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East Azerbaijan Governance Palace

The East-Azerbaijan Provincial Palace (کاخ استانداری آذربایجان شرقی) is the main office for Iran's East-Azerbaijan provincial governor in downtown Tabriz.

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East Azerbaijan Province

East Azerbaijan Province (استان آذربایجان شرقی Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi; شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Easter

Easter,Traditional names for the feast in English are "Easter Day", as in the Book of Common Prayer, "Easter Sunday", used by James Ussher and Samuel Pepys and plain "Easter", as in books printed in,, also called Pascha (Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial after his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary 30 AD.

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Eastern Anatolia Region

The Eastern Anatolia Region (Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey.

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Egypt

Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.

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Eight-thousander

The eight-thousanders are the 14 independentIn making any "highest mountains" list, one needs to use a criterion to exclude subpeaks and only list independent mountains.

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El-Gölü

El Gölü (Azerbaijani:El Gölü, ائل گؤلو; Persian:ائل گلی), also known as Shah Gölü (شاه گلی, Şah Gölü) is the name of a large historic park containing an artificial lake in south east of Tabriz, Iran.

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Embroidery

Embroidery is the craft of decorating fabric or other materials using a needle to apply thread or yarn.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Enver Pasha

Ismail Enver Pasha (اسماعیل انور پاشا; İsmail Enver Paşa; 22 November 1881 – 4 August 1922) was an Ottoman military officer and a leader of the 1908 Young Turk Revolution.

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Eric H. Cline

Eric H. Cline (born September 1, 1960) is an author, historian, archaeologist, and professor of ancient history and archaeology at The George Washington University (GWU) in Washington DC, where he is Professor of Classics and Anthropology and the former Chair of the Department of Classical and Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, as well as Director of the GWU Capitol Archaeological Institute.

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Erzurum

Erzurum (Կարին) is a city in eastern Anatolia (Asian Turkey).

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Erzurum Province

Erzurum Province (Erzurum ili) is a province of Turkey in the Eastern Anatolia Region of the country. It is bordered by the provinces of Kars and Ağrı to the east, Muş and Bingöl to the south, Erzincan and Bayburt to the west, Rize and Artvin to the north and Ardahan to the northeast.

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Eugène Flandin

Jean-Baptiste Eugène Napoléon Flandin (15 August 1809 in Naples – 29 September 1889 in Tours), French orientalist, painter, archaeologist, and politician.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Eynali

Eynali is a mountain range in north of Tabriz, Iran.

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Farhad Fakhreddini

Farhad Fakhreddini (فرهاد فخرالدینی; born 11 March 1938 in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan) is an Iranian composer, conductor and founder of Iran’s National Orchestra.

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Fars News Agency

The Fars News Agency is a news agency in Iran.

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Ferdowsi Street, Tabriz

Ferdowsi street is a street in downtown of Tabriz, Iran connecting Bazaar alley to Imam Ave in the vicinity of Arg.

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Freeway 2 (Iran)

Freeway 2 consists of two separate sections in northwestern respectively northeastern Iran.

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Furniture

Furniture refers to movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., chairs, stools, and sofas), eating (tables), and sleeping (e.g., beds).

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Futsal

Futsal is a variant of association football played on a hard court, smaller than a football pitch, and mainly indoors.

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Gajil

Gajil is an ancient and historical district in Tabriz.

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Ganja, Azerbaijan

Ganja (Gəncə) is Azerbaijan's second largest city, with a population of around 331,400.

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Garden of Eden

The Garden of Eden (Hebrew גַּן עֵדֶן, Gan ʿEḏen) or (often) Paradise, is the biblical "garden of God", described most notably in the Book of Genesis chapters 2 and 3, and also in the Book of Ezekiel.

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Garlic

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, Allium.

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Gaza City

Gaza (The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998),, p. 761 "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory in Palestine, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza...". غزة,; Ancient Ġāzā), also referred to as Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip, with a population of 515,556, making it the largest city in the State of Palestine.

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Gaza Governorate

The Gaza Governorate (محافظة غزة) is one of the 16 Governorates of Palestine, located in the north central Gaza Strip which is administered by the Palestine aside from its border with Israel, airspace and maritime territory.

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Georgia (country)

Georgia (tr) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Georgians

The Georgians or Kartvelians (tr) are a nation and Caucasian ethnic group native to Georgia.

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Germans

Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history.

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Ghaem Magham

Ghaem Magham park is a small park in Sheshghelan suburb of Tabriz, north-western Iran.

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Ghazan

Mahmud Ghazan (1271– 11 May 1304) (sometimes referred to as Casanus by Westerners) was the seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division in modern-day Iran from 1295 to 1304.

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Ghazni

Ghazni (Pashto/Persian) or Ghaznai, also historically known as Ghaznin or Ghazna, is a city in Afghanistan with a population of nearly 150,000 people.

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Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi

Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi MD (غلامحسین ساعدی, also transliterated as Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi and Ghulamhusayn Sa'idi; January 4, 1936 in Tabriz – November 23, 1985 in Paris) was a prolific Iranian writer.

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Ghotour Bridge

Ghotour Bridge is a railway bridge in Khoy County, West Azarbaijan Province, Iran, over the Ghotour River.

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Golestan Park

Golestan Park is a historical park in Tabriz, Iran.

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Gostaresh Foulad F.C.

Gostaresh Foulad Tabriz Football Club (باشگاه فوتبال گسترش فولاد تبریز) is an Iranian football club based in Tabriz, Iran.

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Greek Orthodox Church

The name Greek Orthodox Church (Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἑκκλησία, Ellinorthódoxi Ekklisía), or Greek Orthodoxy, is a term referring to the body of several Churches within the larger communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, whose liturgy is or was traditionally conducted in Koine Greek, the original language of the Septuagint and New Testament, and whose history, traditions, and theology are rooted in the early Church Fathers and the culture of the Byzantine Empire.

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Gregory Choniades

Gregory Choniades (also Choniates, Chioniades; Γρηγόριος Χιονιάδης; c. 1240 – 1320) was a Byzantine Greek astronomer.

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Haidarzadeh House

Haidarzadeh’s house is a historical mansion situated in Maghsoudieh suburb of Tabriz, Iran, on the south side of Tabriz Municipality building.

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Haji-Mirza Hassan Roshdieh

Haji Mirza Hassan Tabrizi (میرزا حسن تبریزی; July 4, 1851, Tabriz – December 12, 1944, Qom), famously known as Hassan Roshdieh (حسن رشدیه), was an Iranian cleric, teacher, politician, and journalist.

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Hariree House

The Dr Hariri house (Persian: خانه دكتر حريري) is related to the ‍‍‍‍Qajar period, and in No.

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Harun al-Rashid

Harun al-Rashid (هَارُون الرَشِيد Hārūn Ar-Rašīd; "Harun the Orthodox" or "Harun the Rightly-Guided," 17 March 763 or February 766 — 24 March 809 (148–193 Hijri) was the fifth Abbasid Caliph. His birth date is debated, with various sources giving dates from 763 to 766. His epithet "al-Rashid" translates to "the Orthodox," "the Just," "the Upright," or "the Rightly-Guided." Al-Rashid ruled from 786 to 809, during the peak of the Islamic Golden Age. His time was marked by scientific, cultural, and religious prosperity. Islamic art and music also flourished significantly during his reign. He established the legendary library Bayt al-Hikma ("House of Wisdom") in Baghdad in present-day Iraq, and during his rule Baghdad began to flourish as a center of knowledge, culture and trade. During his rule, the family of Barmakids, which played a deciding role in establishing the Abbasid Caliphate, declined gradually. In 796, he moved his court and government to Raqqa in present-day Syria. A Frankish mission came to offer Harun friendship in 799. Harun sent various presents with the emissaries on their return to Charlemagne's court, including a clock that Charlemagne and his retinue deemed to be a conjuration because of the sounds it emanated and the tricks it displayed every time an hour ticked. The fictional The Book of One Thousand and One Nights is set in Harun's magnificent court and some of its stories involve Harun himself. Harun's life and court have been the subject of many other tales, both factual and fictitious. Some of the Twelver sect of Shia Muslims blame Harun for his supposed role in the murder of their 7th Imam (Musa ibn Ja'far).

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History of Iran

The history of Iran, commonly also known as Persia in the Western world, is intertwined with the history of a larger region, also to an extent known as Greater Iran, comprising the area from Anatolia, the Bosphorus, and Egypt in the west to the borders of Ancient India and the Syr Darya in the east, and from the Caucasus and the Eurasian Steppe in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.

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History of the Soviet Union (1982–91)

The history of the Soviet Union from 1982 through 1991 spans the period from Leonid Brezhnev's death and funeral until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Ho Chi Minh City

Ho Chi Minh City (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh; or; formerly Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville), also widely known by its former name of Saigon (Sài Gòn; or), is the largest city in Vietnam by population.

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Hokmavar

Hokmavar (Azerbaijani: Hökmavar or Hökmabad, Persian: حکم آباد, also Hokmabad) is an old and historic district, located in northwest of Tabriz, Azerbaijan of Iran.

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Homam-e Tabrizi

Homam-e Tabrizi (همام الدین تبریزی) or HOMĀM-AL-DIN B. ʿALĀʾ TABRIZI (1238/39–1314/15) was a Persian poet of the Ilkhanid era.

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Hossein Shahabi

Hossein Shahabi (fa; Born on 28 November 1967, is an Iranian film director, screenwriter and film producer He belongs to the third generation of Iranian New Wave who is making his first feature film and was appreciated and praised by critics and became famous internationally.

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House of Seghat-ol-Eslam

House of Seghat-ol -Eslam is a historical house in Tabriz, Iran, now a museum dedicated to Seqat-ol-Eslam Tabrizi who was a local reformist of the Qajar era.

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Howard Baskerville

Howard Conklin Baskerville (10 April 1885 – 19 April 1909) was an American teacher in the American Memorial School in Tabriz (a Presbyterian mission school in Tabriz, Iran) who was killed fighting for Iranian democracy during the Persian Constitutional Revolution.

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Hubei

Hubei is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the Central China region.

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Humid continental climate

A humid continental climate (Köppen prefix D and a third letter of a or b) is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, which is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) winters.

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Ilkhanate

The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate (ایلخانان, Ilxānān; Хүлэгийн улс, Hu’legīn Uls), was established as a khanate that formed the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire, ruled by the Mongol House of Hulagu.

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Imam Hossein University

The Imam Hossein Comprehensive University (also referred to as IHU or the Imam Hossein University, in Persian: دانشگاه امام حسین Dāneshgāh-e Emām Hossein') is a public university located in Tehran, Iran.

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Imamieh

Imamieh is a suburb of Tabriz, Iran found in the southern part of the city.

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Imamzadeh Hamzah, Tabriz

Imāmzādeh Hamzah (امامزاده سيد حمزه) is an Imamzadeh mosque complex in Tabrīz, Iran.

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Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface).

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Iraj Mirza

Prince Iraj Mirza (ایرج میرزا, literally Prince Iraj; October 1874 – 14 March 1926) (titled Jalāl-ol-Mamālek, جلال‌الممالک), son of prince Gholam-Hossein Mirza, was a famous Iranian poet.

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Iraj Shahin-Baher

Iraj Shahin-Baher (ایرج شهین‌باهر) is an Iranian politician and the fifty-sixth mayor of Tabriz.

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Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

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Iran Standard Time

Iran Standard Time (IRST) or Iran Time (IT) is the time zone used in Iran.

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Iran Tractor Manufacturing Company

Iran Tractor Manufacturing Company also known as ITMCO, is a manufacturer of tractors, automobiles, auto-parts, and heavy machines with main site and headquarters in Tabriz, Iran.

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Iran's National Orchestra

Iran's National Orchestra (Persian: ارکستر ملی ایران) was founded in 1998 under the conduction of Farhad Fakhreddini and dissolved in October 2012.

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Iran–Iraq War

The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq, beginning on 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, and ending on 20 August 1988, when Iran accepted the UN-brokered ceasefire.

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Iranian Armenians

Iranian-Armenians (իրանահայեր iranahayer) also known as Persian-Armenians (պարսկահայեր parskahayer), are Iranians of Armenian ethnicity who may speak Armenian as their first language.

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Iranian Azerbaijanis

Iranian Azerbaijanis (ایران آذربایجانلیلاری – İran azərbaycanlıları), also known as Iranian Azeris, Iranian Turks, Persian Turks, Azeri Turks, Azerbaijani Turks or Persian Azerbaijanis, are Iranians of Azerbaijani ethnicity who speak the Azerbaijani language as their first language.

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Iranian Constitutional Revolution

The Persian Constitutional Revolution (مشروطیت Mashrūtiyyat, or انقلاب مشروطه Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911.

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Iranian Futsal Super League

The Iranian Futsal Super League (سوپر لیگ فوتسال ایران), is a professional futsal league competition for clubs located at the highest level of the Iranian futsal league system founded in 2004.

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Iranian languages

The Iranian or Iranic languages are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family.

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Iranian Revolution

The Iranian Revolution (Enqelāb-e Iran; also known as the Islamic Revolution or the 1979 Revolution), Iran Chamber.

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Iraq

Iraq (or; العراق; عێراق), officially known as the Republic of Iraq (جُمُهورية العِراق; کۆماری عێراق), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west.

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Isfahan

Isfahan (Esfahān), historically also rendered in English as Ispahan, Sepahan, Esfahan or Hispahan, is the capital of Isfahan Province in Iran, located about south of Tehran.

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Islamic City Council of Tabriz

The Islamic City Council of Tabriz (شورای اسلامی شهر تبریز) is the elected council that presides over the city of Tabriz, elects the Mayor of Tabriz, and budgets of the Municipality of Tabriz.

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Islamic Republic News Agency

The Islamic Republic News Agency (خبرگزاری جمهوری اسلامی), or IRNA, is the official news agency of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Islamic Republic of Iran Railways

The Islamic Republic of Iran Railways (abbreviated IRIR or sometimes RAI) (Persian: Rāhāhane Jomhuriye Eslamiye Irān) is the national state-owned railway system of Iran.

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Ismail I

Ismail I (Esmāʿīl,; July 17, 1487 – May 23, 1524), also known as Shah Ismail I (شاه اسماعیل), was the founder of the Safavid dynasty, ruling from 1501 to 23 May 1524 as Shah of Iran (Persia).

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Istanbul

Istanbul (or or; İstanbul), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.

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Istanbul Province

Istanbul Province (İstanbul ili), also the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi) is a province of Turkey.

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Ivan Paskevich

Prince (1831) Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich (Ива́н Фёдорович Паске́вич; &ndash) was an imperial Russian military leader.

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Ja'far Pishevari

Sayyed Ja'far Pishevari (1893 – 11 June 1947) (Seyid Cəfər Pişəvəri, سید جعفر پیشه وری, سید جعفر پیشه‌وری) was the founder and chairman of separatist and communist Azerbaijan People's Government (November 1945 – November 1946), created and supported by Soviet occupational forces in north-western Iran.

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Jahan Shah

Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf (1397 in Khoy – 1467 in Tabriz) (جهان شاه; Cahan Şah/جهان شاه) was the leader of the Kara Koyunlu oghuz Turks dynasty in Azerbaijan and Arran who reigned c. 1438 – 1467.

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Jameh Mosque of Tabriz

The Jāmeh Mosque (مسجد جامع تبریز - Masjid-e-Jāmeh Tabrīz) is a large, congregational mosque (Jāmeh) in Tabrīz city, within the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Jolfa, Iran (city)

Jolfa (جلفا; also Romanized as Jolfā, Julfa, and Dzhulfi) is a city and capital of Jolfa County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Jules Laurens

Jules Joseph Augustin Laurens, commonly known as Jules Laurens, (26 July 1825, Carpentras - 5 May 1901, Saint-Didier, Vaucluse) was a French artist in drawing, painting, and lithography who is remembered above all for his Oriental works.

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Kara Koyunlu

The Kara Koyunlu or Qara Qoyunlu, also called the Black Sheep Turkomans (قره قویونلو), were a Muslim Oghuz Turkic monarchy that ruled over the territory comprising present-day Azerbaijan, Armenia (1406), northwestern Iran, eastern Turkey, and northeastern Iraq from about 1374 to 1468.

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Karbala

Karbala (كَرْبَلَاء, Karbalā’, Persian: کربلاء) is a city in central Iraq, located about southwest of Baghdad, and a few miles east of Lake Milh.

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Karim Bagheri

Karim Bagheri (کريم باقری; born 20 February 1974) is a retired Iranian professional football player and coach.

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Karnıyarık

Karnıyarık (lit. 'riven belly' in Turkish) is a Turkish, Iranian, Armenian, and Azerbaijani dish consisting of eggplant stuffed with a mix of sautéed chopped onions, garlic, black pepper, tomatoes, optional green pepper, parsley and ground meat.

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Kashan

Kashan (کاشان, also Romanized as: Kāshān) is a city in Isfahan province, Iran.

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Kashk

Kashk (کشک, كشك, keşk, keş peyniri), qurut (құрт, gurt, qurt, qurut, ҡорот, курут, قروت, kurut, sürk, taş yoğurt, kurutulmuş yoğurt, қурут), chortan (չորթան), aaruul (ааруул) is a range of dairy products used in cuisines of Iranian, Kurdish, Turkish, Mongolian, Central Asian, Transcaucasian, and the Levantine peoples.

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Kazan

Kazan (p; Казан) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.

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Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.

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Kebab

Kebabs (also kabobs or kababs) are various cooked meat dishes, with their origins in Middle Eastern cuisine.

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Khaqani

Khāqāni or Khāghāni (خاقانی) (1121/1122, Shamakhi, Shirwan – 1190, Tabriz), was a Persian poet.

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Khaqani Park

Khaqani Park (بوستان خاقانی) or Boostan Khaqani is a small park in Tabriz, located between the Azerbaijan Museum and the Blue mosque.

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Khatib, Tabriz

Khatib is a historic and ancient district of Tabriz, Iran.

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Khoy

Khoy (خوی; خوی; also Romanized as Khoy and Khoi), is a city and capital of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Khujand

Khujand (Xujand; Xo‘jand/Хўжанд; Xojand), formerly known as Leninabad (Leninobod; Leninâbâd) in 1936-1991, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan and the capital of the northernmost province of Tajikistan, now called Sughd.

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Khwarazmian dynasty

The Khwarazmian dynasty (also known as the Khwarezmid dynasty, the Anushtegin dynasty, the dynasty of Khwarazm Shahs, and other spelling variants; from ("Kings of Khwarezmia") was a PersianateC. E. Bosworth:. In Encyclopaedia Iranica, online ed., 2009: "Little specific is known about the internal functioning of the Khwarazmian state, but its bureaucracy, directed as it was by Persian officials, must have followed the Saljuq model. This is the impression gained from the various Khwarazmian chancery and financial documents preserved in the collections of enšāʾdocuments and epistles from this period. The authors of at least three of these collections—Rašid-al-Din Vaṭvāṭ (d. 1182-83 or 1187-88), with his two collections of rasāʾel, and Bahāʾ-al-Din Baḡdādi, compiler of the important Ketāb al-tawaṣṣol elā al-tarassol—were heads of the Khwarazmian chancery. The Khwarazmshahs had viziers as their chief executives, on the traditional pattern, and only as the dynasty approached its end did ʿAlāʾ-al-Din Moḥammad in ca. 615/1218 divide up the office amongst six commissioners (wakildārs; see Kafesoğlu, pp. 5-8, 17; Horst, pp. 10-12, 25, and passim). Nor is much specifically known of court life in Gorgānj under the Khwarazmshahs, but they had, like other rulers of their age, their court eulogists, and as well as being a noted stylist, Rašid-al-Din Vaṭvāṭ also had a considerable reputation as a poet in Persian." Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin. The dynasty ruled large parts of Central Asia and Iran during the High Middle Ages, in the approximate period of 1077 to 1231, first as vassals of the Seljuqs and Qara-Khitan, and later as independent rulers, up until the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia in the 13th century. The dynasty was founded by commander Anush Tigin Gharchai, a former Turkish slave of the Seljuq sultans, who was appointed as governor of Khwarezm. His son, Qutb ad-Din Muhammad I, became the first hereditary Shah of Khwarezm.Encyclopædia Britannica, "Khwarezm-Shah-Dynasty",.

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Kingdom of Georgia

The Kingdom of Georgia (საქართველოს სამეფო), also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy which emerged circa 1008 AD.

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Kish Island

Kish (کیش (Kīsh)) is a resort island in the Persian Gulf off the southern coast of Iran.

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Konya

Konya (Ikónion, Iconium) is a major city in south-western edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau and is the seventh-most-populous city in Turkey with a metropolitan population of over 2.1 million.

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Konya Province

Konya Province (Konya ili) is a province of Turkey in central Anatolia. The provincial capital is the city of Konya. By area it is the largest province of Turkey. Its traffic code is 42. Solar power plant Kızören in Konya in an area of 430 square meters will be able to produce 30,000 megawatts of electricity.

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Kouy Valiasr

Kouy Valiasr is a wealthy district located in the eastern part of Tabriz, Iran.

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Lake Urmia

Lake Urmia (Daryāĉe Orumiye, Daryāche-ye Orumiye;, Urmiya gölü) is an endorheic salt lake in Iran.

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Lilava

The Lilava district, also known as the Leilabad district is one of the districts of the Iranian city of Tabriz which was predominantly, and at times exclusively, inhabited by Armenians.

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List of largest cities of Iran

Iran has one of the highest urban population growth rates in the world.

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List of mayors of Tabriz

Tabriz is a city authority lies with the mayor, who is elected by a municipal board.

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List of people from Tabriz

Here is a complete list for notable people who lived or from Tabriz: --------------- A.

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List of Persian poets and authors

The list is not comprehensive, but is continuously being expanded and includes Persian writers and poets from Iran, Afghanistan,Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan.

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List of tallest structures in Iran

This is a list of the tallest structures in the Iran.

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Machine Sazi F.C.

Machine Sazi Tabriz Football Club (باشگاه فوتبال ماشین‌سازی تبریز) more commonly known as Machine Sazi is an Iranian football club based in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran who currently play in the Azadegan League.

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Machine Sazi Tabriz

Machine Sazi Tabriz Co.

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Madrasah Akbarieh

Madraseye Akbarieh was an old school in Tabriz, north-western Iran.

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Mansur High School

Mansur High school or Taleqani High School (in South Azerbaijani: منصور مدرسه‌سی, in Persian: (دبیرستان منصور (طالقانی) is an old high school located in city center of Tabriz.

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Maqbaratoshoara

Maqbarat-o-shoara (مقبرةالشعراء) or the Mausoleum of Poets (مزارِ شاعران Mazār-e Shāerān or مزارِ سرایندگان Mazār-e Sorāyandegān) is a graveyard belonging to classical and contemporary poets, mystics and other notable people, located in the Surkhab district of Tabriz in Iran.

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Maragheh

Maragheh (مراغه, date), also Romanized as Marāgheh; also known as Marāgha), is an ancient city and capital of Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Maragheh is on the bank of the river Sufi Chay. The population consists mostly of Iranian Azerbaijanis who speak the Azerbaijani language. It is from Tabriz, the largest city in Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Maralan

Maralan is a historic district in the southeastern part of Tabriz, the biggest city in Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Marco Polo

Marco Polo (1254January 8–9, 1324) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and writer, born in the Republic of Venice.

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Mashhad

Mashhad (مشهد), also spelled Mashad or Meshad, is the second most populous city in Iran and the capital of Razavi Khorasan Province.

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Masoud Pezeshkian

Masoud Pezeshkian (مسعود پزشکیان, born 29 September 1954 in Mahabad from Azerbaijani family) is an Iranian reformist politician who is currently representatiing Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr electoral district in the Parliament of Iran and serves as its First Deputy Speaker since 29 May 2016.

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Measure Museum

The Measure Museum of Tabriz is in Salmasi House.

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Middle Persian

Middle Persian is the Middle Iranian language or ethnolect of southwestern Iran that during the Sasanian Empire (224–654) became a prestige dialect and so came to be spoken in other regions of the empire as well.

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Ministry of Health and Medical Education

The Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) has executive responsibility for health and medical education within the Iranian government.

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Mogilev

Mogilev (or Mahilyow; Магілёў,; Łacinka: Mahiloŭ; Могилёв,; מאָליעוו, Molyev) is a city in eastern Belarus, about from the border with Russia's Smolensk Oblast and from the border with Russia's Bryansk Oblast.

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Mogilev Region

Mogilev Region, also Mahilyow Voblasts (Province) or Mogilyov Oblast (Магілёўская во́бласць; Mahilioŭskaja voblasć; Могилёвская о́бласть; Mogilyovskaya Oblast), is a region (voblast) of Belarus with its administrative center at Mogilev (Mahilyow).

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Mohammad Esmaeil Saeidi

Mohammad Esmaeil Saeidi (‌‌محمداسماعیل سعیدی; born 1961) is an Iranian retired Revolutionary Guards commander and politician affiliated with the Front of Islamic Revolution Stability.

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Mohammad Hossein Farhanghi

Mohammad Hossein Farhanghi (‌‌محمدحسین فرهنگی; born 1961) is an Iranian conservative politician.

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Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari

Sayyid Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari (Məhəmməd Kazım Şəriətmədari, محمد کاظم شریعتمداری), also spelled Shariat-Madari (5 January 1905 – 3 April 1986), was an Iranian Grand Ayatollah.

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Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi,; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah (Mohammad Rezā Šāh), was the last Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979.

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Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar

Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Behjat Tabrizi (سید محمدحسین بهجت تبریزی) (1906 – September 18, 1988), mainly known by his pen name, Shahriar, was a notable Iranian poet of Azerbaijani ethnicity, who wrote in Azerbaijani and Persian.

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Mongols

The Mongols (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ, Mongolchuud) are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

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Mosaic

A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials.

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Mugham

Mugham or mugam (Muğam) is one of the many folk musical compositions from Azerbaijan, contrasting with tasnif and ashugs.

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Murad IV

Murad IV (مراد رابع, Murād-ı Rābiʿ; 26/27 July 1612 – 8 February 1640) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods.

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Museum of Ostad Bohtouni

Museum of Ostad Bohtouni is a museum in Tabriz, north-western Iran.

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Muslim conquest of Persia

The Muslim conquest of Persia, also known as the Arab conquest of Iran, led to the end of the Sasanian Empire of Persia in 651 and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Iran (Persia).

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My Name Is Red

My Name Is Red (Benim Adım Kırmızı) is a 1998 Turkish novel by writer Orhan Pamuk translated into English by Erdağ Göknar in 2001.

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Naser al-Din Shah Qajar

Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (16 July 1831 – 1 May 1896) (ناصرالدین شاه قاجار), also Nassereddin Shah Qajar, was the King of Persia from 5 September 1848 to 1 May 1896 when he was assassinated.

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National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents

National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents (NODET; سازمان ملی پرورش استعدادهای درخشان Sāzmān-e Melli-ye Parvareŝ-e Este'dādhā-ye Deraxŝān, or سمپاد SAMPAD) are national selective schools (secondary schools with entry at 11 year, and 13 years;before 2018) in Iran developed specifically for the development of exceptionally talented students.

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Nobar

Nobar is an ancient and historical district in south of Tabriz, Iran.

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Nobar bath

The Nobar bath is one of the historical baths of Tabriz, Iran.

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Noodle

Noodles are a staple food in many cultures.

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Nougat

Nougat (or;; Azerbaijani: لوکا; Persian: نوقا) is a family of confections made with sugar or honey, roasted nuts (almonds, walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, and macadamia nuts are common), whipped egg whites, and sometimes chopped candied fruit.

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October Revolution

The October Revolution (p), officially known in Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution (Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, the Bolshevik Revolution, or the Bolshevik Coup, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Old Azeri language

Old Azeri, also known as Azeri or Azari (آذری Āḏarī), is the extinct Iranian language that was once spoken in Azerbaijan (historic Azerbaijan, also known as Iranian Azerbaijan), and in what constitutes the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan (historically known as Arran and Shirvan).

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On ibn Ali's shrine

On ibn Ali's shrine is a shrine over Eynali mountain to north of Tabriz, Iran.

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Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; منظمة التعاون الإسلامي; Organisation de la coopération islamique) is an international organization founded in 1969, consisting of 57 member states, with a collective population of over 1.3 billion as of 2009 with 47 countries being Muslim Majority countries.

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Orhan Pamuk

Ferit Orhan Pamuk (generally known simply as Orhan Pamuk; born 7 June 1952) is a Turkish novelist, screenwriter, academic and recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

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Ottoman Turks

The Ottoman Turks (or Osmanlı Turks, Osmanlı Türkleri) were the Turkish-speaking population of the Ottoman Empire who formed the base of the state's military and ruling classes.

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Ottoman–Hotaki War (1722–27)

The Ottoman–Hotaki War of 1722–1727 were a series of conflicts fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Afghan Hotaki dynasty, over control of all western and northwestern parts of Iran.

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Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–55)

The Ottoman–Safavid War of 1532–1555 was one of the many military conflicts fought between the two arch rivals, the Ottoman Empire led by Suleiman the Magnificent, and the Safavid Empire led by Tahmasp I.

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Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39)

The Ottoman–Safavid War of 1623–1639 was the last of a series of conflicts fought between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia, then the two major powers of Western Asia, over control of Mesopotamia.

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Pahlavi dynasty

The Pahlavi dynasty (دودمان پهلوی) was the ruling house of the imperial state of Iran from 1925 until 1979, when the 2,500 years of continuous Persian monarchy was overthrown and abolished as a result of the Iranian Revolution.

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Pardis Animal Shelter

Pardis Animal Shelter (پناهگاه حیوانات پردیس) is a no-kill animal shelter, a spay/neuter clinic, and a public animal hospital located near Tabriz, Iran.

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Parvin E'tesami

Parvin E'tesami (پروین اعتصامی) (March 16, 1907 – April 5, 1941), also Parvin Etesami, was a 20th-century Persian poet of Iran.

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Paya Sazeh FSC

Paya Sazeh Azarbaijan Rad Futsal Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتسال پایا سازه آذربایجان راد) is an Iranian Futsal club based in Tabriz, Iran.

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Payame Noor University

Payame Noor University (PNU) (Persian: دانشگاه پیام نور) is a public university system and one of the largest universities in Iran, and a mega university in world, with its headquarters in Tehran, 31 provincial centers, 500 local study centers, other campuses around the country, and an International Study Center located in the headquarters in Tehran.

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Peoples of the Caucasus

This article deals with the various ethnic groups inhabiting the Caucasus region.

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Persian carpet

A Persian carpet or Persian rug (Persian: قالی ايرانى qālī-ye īranī),Savory, R., Carpets,(Encyclopaedia Iranica); accessed January 30, 2007.

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Persian Cossack Brigade

The Persian Cossack Brigade or Iranian Cossack Brigade (Berīgād-e qazzāq) was a Cossack-style cavalry unit formed in 1879 in Persia (modern Iran).

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Persian Gulf Pro League

The Persian Gulf Pro League (لیگ برتر خلیج فارس), formerly known as the Iran Pro League (لیگ برتر فوتبال ایران), is the highest division of professional football in Iran.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

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Persian literature

Persian literature (ادبیات فارسی adabiyāt-e fārsi), comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and it is one of the world's oldest literatures.

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Persian people

The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group that make up over half the population of Iran.

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Petrochemical

Petrochemicals (also known as petroleum distillates) are chemical products derived from petroleum.

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Pol Sangi

Pol Sangi (پل سنگی "Stone Bridge") is a bridge in Tabriz, Iran, over Quri River.

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Postal code

A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, Eircode, PIN Code or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

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Pottery

Pottery is the ceramic material which makes up pottery wares, of which major types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain.

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Pottery Museum of Tabriz

The Pottery museum is an art museum in Tabriz, Iran, established in one of the historical houses of the city known as Sarraflar’s house, which belongs to Qajar era.

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Protestant church of Tabriz

The Protestant Church is a Christian church in Tabriz in the northwestern Iranian region Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Provinces of Iran

Iran is subdivided into thirty-one provinces (استان Ostān, plural استان‌ها Ostānhā), each governed from a local center, usually the largest local city, which is called the capital (Persian: مرکز, markaz) of that province.

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Qajar dynasty

The Qajar dynasty (سلسله قاجار; also Romanised as Ghajar, Kadjar, Qachar etc.; script Qacarlar) was an IranianAbbas Amanat, The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896, I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3 royal dynasty of Turkic origin,Cyrus Ghani.

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Qaraghaj, Tabriz

Qaraghaj is a historic and ancient district in the eastern part of Tabriz.

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Qaramalik

Qaramalik (Azerbaijani: Qərəməlik, Persian: قره مَلیک) is a historical neighbourhood in west of Tabriz, Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Qari Bridge

Qari Bridge is a historic stone bridges in Tabriz, Iran, over the Quri River.

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Qatran Tabrizi

Abū-Mansūr Qatrān-i Tabrīzī (قطران تبريزى, 1009–1072) was a Persian poet.

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Qazvin

Qazvin (قزوین,, also Romanized as Qazvīn, Caspin, Qazwin, or Ghazvin) is the largest city and capital of the Province of Qazvin in Iran.

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Qurabiya

Qurabiya (قورابیه Qurabiyə, Kurabiye, غرّيبة, Kurabie, Bosnian Gurabija, κουραμπιές, курабия, قرابیه), is a soft meringue-type biscuit originating from Tabriz (one of the major cities in North-West of Iran), usually made with ground almonds.

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Quri Chay

The Quri River or Quru Chay or Quri Chay (Quru Çay قورو چای, قورو چای) is a river in East Azerbaijan province of Iran.

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Rab'-e Rashidi

Rab'-e Rashidi (رَبع رشیدی) was a tomb complex, including a school and workshop for producing books in the north-eastern part of the city of Tabriz, Iran, constructed in the early 14th century during the reign of Ghazan, a ruler of the Ilkhanid dynasty.

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Rain

Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then becomes heavy enough to fall under gravity.

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Ramadan

Ramadan (رمضان,;In Arabic phonology, it can be, depending on the region. also known as Ramazan, romanized as Ramzan, Ramadhan, or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, and is observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (Sawm) to commemorate the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad according to Islamic belief.

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Refining

Refining (also perhaps called by the mathematical term affining) is the process of purification of a (1) substance or a (2) form.

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Regions of Iran

Iran has been divided into regions in a number of different ways historically.

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Reza Shah

Reza Shah Pahlavi (رضا شاه پهلوی;; 15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was the Shah of Iran from 15 December 1925 until he was forced to abdicate by the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran on 16 September 1941.

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Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice).

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Road 32 (Iran)

Road 32 is a road in the northwestern part of Iran.

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Roshdiyeh

Roshdiyeh is name of a quarter in Tabriz which is located to northeast part of the city famous for its modern lovely architecture.

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Ruhollah Khomeini

Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini (سید روح‌الله موسوی خمینی; 24 September 1902 – 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Islam religious leader and politician.

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Rumi

Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī (جلال‌الدین محمد رومی), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī (جلال‌الدین محمد بلخى), Mevlânâ/Mawlānā (مولانا, "our master"), Mevlevî/Mawlawī (مولوی, "my master"), and more popularly simply as Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century PersianRitter, H.; Bausani, A. "ḎJ̲alāl al-Dīn Rūmī b. Bahāʾ al-Dīn Sulṭān al-ʿulamāʾ Walad b. Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad Ḵh̲aṭībī." Encyclopaedia of Islam.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian Caucasus Army (World War I)

The Russian Caucasus Army (Кавказскaя армия) of World War I was the Russian field army that fought in the Caucasus Campaign and Persian Campaign of World War I. It was renowned for inflicting heavy casualties on the opposing forces of the Ottoman Empire, particularly at the Battle of Sarikamish.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)

The Russo-Persian War of 1826–28 was the last major military conflict between the Russian Empire and Iran.

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Russo-Persian Wars

The Russo-Persian Wars or Russo-Iranian Wars were a series of wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire between the 17th and 19th centuries.

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Saadi Shirazi

Abū-Muhammad Muslih al-Dīn bin Abdallāh Shīrāzī (ابومحمد مصلح‌الدین بن عبدالله شیرازی), better known by his pen-name Saadi (سعدی Saʿdī()), also known as Saadi of Shiraz (سعدی شیرازی Saadi Shirazi), was a major Persian poet and literary of the medieval period.

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Saat Tower

Sa'at Tower also known as Tabriz Municipality Palace (کاخ شهرداری تبریز, also Romanized as Sā'at Tower) is building in Tabriz which used as the city hall and main office of the municipal government of Tabriz, East Azarbaijan Province, Iran.

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Safavid dynasty

The Safavid dynasty (دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history.

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Safina-yi Tabriz

Safīna-yi Tabrīz (سفینهٔ تبریز, " Vessel of Tabriz" or " Treasury of Tabriz") is an important encyclopedic manuscript from 14th century Ilkhanid Iran compiled by Abu'l Majd Muhammad b. Mas'ud Tabrizi between 1321 and 1323.

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Sahand

Sahand (سهند), is a massive, heavily eroded stratovolcano in East Azerbaijan Province, northwestern Iran.

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Sahand TV

Sahand TV is a regional state run TV station affiliated to IRIB.

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Sahand University of Technology

Sahand University of Technology (SUT) (دانشگاه صنعتی سهند) is a leading engineering schools in Iran.

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Saheb-ol-Amr Mosque

The Sāheb ol Amr Mosque (مسجد صاحب‌ الامر - Masjid-e Sāheb ol Amr) or King Tahmasp Mosque is a mosque located on the east side of Saaheb Aabaad square in Tabriz, Iran.

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Saib Tabrizi

Saib Tabrizi (صائب تبریزی, Ṣāʾib Tabrīzī, میرزا محمّدعلی صائب تبریزی, Mīrzā Muḥammad ʿalī Ṣāʾib, Saib Təbrizi) also called Saib Isfahani (صائب اصفهاني, Ṣāʾib Eṣfahānī) was a Persian poet and one of the greatest masters of a form of classical Arabic and Persian lyric poetry characterized by rhymed couplets, known as the ghazal.

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Saint Mary Church of Tabriz

Saint Mary Church, Holy Mother of God Church or Surp Mariam Asdvadzadzin Church (Armenian: Թավրիժի Սուրբ Մարիամ Աստվածածին եկեղեցի, T’avrizhi Surb Mariam Astvatsatsin yekeghets’i, Persian: کلیسای مریم مقدس) is an Armenian Apostolic church in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran completed in 1785.

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Samad Behrangi

Samad Behrangi (صمد بهرنگی) June 24, 1939 - August 31, 1967) was an Iranian teacher, social critic, folklorist, translator, and short story writer. He is famous for his children's books, particularly The Little Black Fish. Influenced by predominantly leftist ideologies that were common among the Iranian intelligentsia of his era, his books typically portrayed the lives of the children of the urban poor and encouraged the individual to change his/ her circumstances by her own initiatives.

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Samarkand

Samarkand (Uzbek language Uzbek alphabet: Samarqand; سمرقند; Самарканд; Σαμαρκάνδη), alternatively Samarqand, is a city in modern-day Uzbekistan and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia.

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Sangak

Sangak (سنگک, Səngək; or nan-e sangak نان سنگک) is a plain, rectangular, or triangular Iranian whole wheat leavened flatbread.

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Sargon II

Sargon II (Assyrian Šarru-ukīn (LUGAL-GI.NA 𒈗𒄀𒈾).; Aramaic סרגן; reigned 722–705 BC) was an Assyrian king.

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Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire, also known as the Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr in Middle Persian), was the last period of the Persian Empire (Iran) before the rise of Islam, named after the House of Sasan, which ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.Khaleghi-Motlagh, The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.

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Sattar Khan

Sattar Khan (ستارخان,; Azerbaijani: Səttar xan) October 20, 1866 – November 17, 1914), honorarily titled Sardār-e Melli (سردار ملی meaning National Commander) was a pivotal figure in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and is considered a national hero.

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Season

A season is a division of the year marked by changes in weather, ecology, and amount of daylight.

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Seventh-day Adventist Church

The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Protestant Christian denomination distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in Christian and Jewish calendars, as the Sabbath, and by its emphasis on the imminent Second Coming (advent) of Jesus Christ.

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Shahabaddin Bimeghdar

Shahabaddin Bimeghdar (‌‌شهاب‌الدین بی‌مقدار; born 1953) is an Iranian reformist politician.

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Shahid Poursharifi Arena

The Shahid Pour Sharifi Arena is an indoor sports arena in Tabriz, Iran.

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Shahnaz street

Shahnaz is a street in Tabriz, Iran.

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Shakur Akbarnejad

Shakur Akbarnejad (‌‌شکور اکبرنژاد; born 1960) is an Iranian reformist politician.

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Shams Tabrizi

Shams-i-Tabrīzī (شمس تبریزی) or Shams al-Din Mohammad (1185–1248) was a Persian Muslim, who is credited as the spiritual instructor of Mewlānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhi, also known as Rumi and is referenced with great reverence in Rumi’s poetic collection, in particular Diwan-i Shams-i Tabrīzī (The Works of Shams of Tabriz).

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Shanb Ghazan

Shanb-e-Ghazan, Ghazaniyya, or Sham-e-Ghazan (local pronunciation: Sham-Ghazan) is one of the historical neighborhoods of Tabriz, Iran.

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Sheshgelan

Sheshghelan (ششگلان, Azerbaijani: Şeşgilan, also Sheshgelan) is one of the districts of Tabriz.

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Shia Islam

Shia (شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʻatu ʻAlī, "followers of Ali") is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam), most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm.

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Shiraz

Shiraz (fa, Šīrāz) is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars Province (Old Persian as Pars).

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Shirin Asal Food Industrial Group

Shirin Asal Food Industrial Group (گروه صنایع غذایی شیرین‌عسل) a company Food manufacturer based in the city of Tabriz, Iran in 1990 by Younes Jaele.

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Shohada Mosque

The Shohada mosque is a historical mosque at city center of Tabriz, Iran.

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Silk Road

The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West.

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Silver

Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47.

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Sister city

Twin towns or sister cities are a form of legal or social agreement between towns, cities, counties, oblasts, prefectures, provinces, regions, states, and even countries in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.

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Snow

Snow refers to forms of ice crystals that precipitate from the atmosphere (usually from clouds) and undergo changes on the Earth's surface.

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Soltaniyeh

Soltaniyeh (سلطانيه, also Romanized as Solţānīyeh, Solţāneyyeh, Sultaniye, and Sultānīyeh; also known as Sa‘īdīyeh) is the capital city of Soltaniyeh District of Abhar County, Zanjan Province, Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Spice

A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring, coloring or preserving food.

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Split pea

Split peas are an agricultural or culinary preparation consisting of the dried, peeled and split seeds of Pisum sativum, the pea.

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Spring (season)

Spring is one of the four conventional temperate seasons, following winter and preceding summer.

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State of Palestine

Palestine (فلسطين), officially the State of Palestine (دولة فلسطين), is a ''de jure'' sovereign state in the Middle East claiming the West Bank (bordering Israel and Jordan) and Gaza Strip (bordering Israel and Egypt) with East Jerusalem as the designated capital, although its administrative center is currently located in Ramallah.

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Sughd Region

Sughd Region (Viloyati Sughd; "Sogdia Province") is one of the four administrative divisions and one of the three provinces (вилоятҳо, viloyatho) that make up Tajikistan.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.

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Tabriz County

Tabriz County (شهرستان تبریز) is a county in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran.

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Tabriz Cycling Track

Tabriz Cycling Track is a cycling track in Tabriz, Iran.

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Tabriz Fire Fighting Tower

The Tabriz Firefighting Tower (also Yanghyn Tower; Azerbaijani Turkic: يانغين کوله‌سی, Persian: برج آتش‌نشانی) is a historical tower located in Tabriz, Iran.

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Tabriz International Airport

Tabriz International Airport (فرودگاه بین المللی تبریز) is an airport that serves Tabriz, Iran.

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Tabriz International Exhibition Center

Tabriz International Exhibition Center, which is a complex with vast exhibition infrastructures, is located in the eastern part of Tabriz, Iran.

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Tabriz Islamic Arts University

Tabriz Islamic Art University also known as Tabriz Art University is a public university located in Tabriz, East Azarbaijan.

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Tabriz köftesi

Kufteh Tabrizi(کوفته تبریزی),also known as Tabriz köftesi, (Təbriz küftəsi) is an Iranian meatball recipe which is originally from North West region of Iran from the city of Tabriz.

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Tabriz Khanate

The Tabriz khanate was one of the Caucasian khanates, located in historic Azerbaijan which became for nearly fifty years semi-independent from the Iranian mothercountry.

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Tabriz Metro

Tabriz Metro is a metro system serving the city of Tabriz, Iran.

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Tabriz Museum of Natural History

Tabriz Museum of Natural History is a museum of wild life in the city of Tabriz at north western Iran, established in 1993 by Department of Environment of Iran.

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Tabriz National Library

The Tabriz Central Library (کتابخانه ملی تبریز), formerly Tabriz National Library, was founded in 1956 by Nakhjavani with help from the people of Tabriz, Iran.

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Tabriz Petrochemical CCN Team

Tabriz Petrochemical CCN Team (Persian:تیم دوچرخه‌سواری پتروشیمی تبریز) was an Iranian UCI Continental cycling team managed by Ramin Dadgar and Azim Abdolnezhad and main sponsored by Tabriz Petrochemical Company.

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Tabriz railway station

Tabriz railway station is a structure in Tabriz, Iran; the current building was built during second Pahlavi era.

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Tabriz rug

A Tabriz rug/carpet is a type in the general category of Persian carpets from the city of Tabriz, the capital city of East Azarbaijan Province in north west of Iran totally populated by Azerbaijanis.

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Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TBZMED) (Persian: دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز) is public medical sciences university located in Tabriz, East Azarbaijan Province, Iran.

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Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr (electoral district)

Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr (electoral district) is the biggest electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province.

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Tabrizi Lovuez

Tabrizi Lovuez (Tabriz Diamonds) are diamond-shaped confectioneries from Tabriz, a provincial capital in Northwest of Iran.

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Tahmasp I

Tahmasp I (شاه تهماسب یکم) (22 February 1514 – 14 May 1576) was an influential Shah of Iran, who enjoyed the longest reign of any member of the Safavid dynasty.

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Tahmineh Milani

Tahmineh Milāni (تهمینه میلانی, born 1 September 1960) is a professional film director, screenwriter, and producer who came to the limelight by breaking all the traditional and conventional norms about women and their presence in Iran's society.

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Tajikistan

Tajikistan (or; Тоҷикистон), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhuriyi Tojikiston), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated population of million people as of, and an area of.

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Takhti Stadium (Tabriz)

The Takhti Stadium formerly known as Bagh Shomal Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Tabriz, Iran.

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Tamar of Georgia

Tamar the Great (თამარი) (1160 – 18 January 1213) reigned as the Queen of Georgia from 1184 to 1213, presiding over the apex of the Georgian Golden Age.

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Tarbiat library

Tarbiat library (کتابخانه تربیت) is the first state library in Iran, established in 1921 at Tabriz.

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Tarbiat street

Tarbiat is a pedestrian street in the center of Tabriz, Iran.

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Tatarstan

The Republic of Tatarstan (p; Татарстан Республикасы), or simply Tatarstan, is a federal subject (a republic) of the Russian Federation, located in the Volga Federal District.

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Tbilisi

Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some countries also still named by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis, is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people.

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Tehran

Tehran (تهران) is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province.

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Timeline of Tabriz

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tabriz, capital of East Azerbaijan Province in Iran.

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Timur

Timur (تیمور Temūr, Chagatai: Temür; 9 April 1336 – 18 February 1405), historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane (تيمور لنگ Temūr(-i) Lang, "Timur the Lame"), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror.

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Tiridates II of Armenia

Tiridates II (Տրդատ Բ, flourished second half of the 2nd century and first half of the 3rd century, died 252) was an Armenian Parthian Prince who served as a Roman Client King of Armenia.

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Tiridates III of Armenia

Tiridates III (spelled Trdat; Armenian: Տրդատ Գ; 250–330) was the king of Arsacid Armenia (287–330), and is also known as Tiridates the Great Տրդատ Մեծ; some scholars incorrectly refer to him as Tiridates IV as a result of the fact that Tiridates I of Armenia reigned twice.

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Tomb of Two Kamals

The Tomb of Two Kamals, or in short the 2-Kamal Tomb, is a funerary monument in Tabriz, Iran.

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Toreutics

Toreutics is a term, relatively rare in English, for artistic metalworking, by hammering gold or silver (or other materials), engraving, Repoussé and chasing to form minute detailed reliefs or small engraved patterns.

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Tour of Azerbaijan (Iran)

Tour of Azerbaijan (Iran), also known as the Tour of Iranian Azerbaijan or Azerbaijan Tour is an annual multiple stage road bicycle racing held in Iran since 1986, named after Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Tractor Sazi F.C.

Tractor Sazi Tabriz Football Club (Təbriz Tiraxtur Klubu, باشگاه فوتبال تراکتورسازی تبریز) commonly known as Tractor or Tiraxtour is a professional football club based in Tabriz, Iran.

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Treaty of Turkmenchay

The Treaty of Turkmenchay (Туркманчайский договор, عهدنامه ترکمنچای) was an agreement between Persia (Iran) and the Russian Empire, which concluded the Russo-Persian War (1826–28). It was signed on 10 February 1828 in Torkamanchay, Iran. By the treaty, Persia ceded to Russia control of several areas in the South Caucasus: the Erivan Khanate, the Nakhchivan Khanate, and the remainder of the Talysh Khanate. The boundary between Russian and Persia was set at the Aras River. These territories comprise modern-day Armenia, the southern parts of the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, as well as Iğdır Province (now part of Turkey). The treaty was signed for Persia by Crown Prince Abbas Mirza and Allah-Yar Khan Asaf al-Daula, chancellor to Shah Fath Ali (of the Qajar Dynasty), and for Russia by General Ivan Paskievich. Like the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan, this treaty was imposed by Russia, following military victory over Persia. Paskievich threatened to occupy Tehran in five days unless the treaty was signed. By this final treaty of 1828 and the 1813 Gulistan treaty, Russia had finalised conquering all the Caucasus territories from Iran, comprising modern-day Dagestan, eastern Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, all which had formed part of its very concept for centuries. The area to the North of the river Aras, amongst which the territory of the contemporary nations of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and the North Caucasian Republic of Dagestan were Iranian territory until they were occupied by Russia in the course of the 19th century. As a further direct result and consequence of the two treaties, the formerly Iranian territories became now part of Russia for around the next 180 years, except Dagestan, which has remained a Russian possession ever since. Out of the greater part of the territory, three separate nations would be formed through the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, namely Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia.

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Treaty of Zuhab

The Treaty of Zuhab (عهدنامه زهاب), also called Treaty of Qasr-e Shirin (Kasr-ı Şirin Antlaşması), was an accord signed between the Safavid Empire and the Ottoman Empire on May 17, 1639.

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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Turkic languages

The Turkic languages are a language family of at least thirty-five documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and West Asia all the way to North Asia (particularly in Siberia) and East Asia (including the Far East).

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Turkish delight

Turkish delight, lokum or rahat lokum and many other transliterations (رَاحَة الْحُلْقُوم rāḥat al-ḥulqūm, Lokum or rahat lokum, from colloquial راحة الحلقوم rāḥat al-ḥalqūm, Azerbaijani) is a family of confections based on a gel of starch and sugar.

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Turkish dialects

There is considerable dialectal variation in Turkish.

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Twelver

Twelver (translit; شیعه دوازده‌امامی) or Imamiyyah (إمامية) is the largest branch of Shia Islam.

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Union Cycliste Internationale

The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI;, International Cycling Union) is the world governing body for sports cycling and oversees international competitive cycling events.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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University of Tabriz

The University of Tabriz (دانشگاه تبريز) also known as Tabriz University is a public university located in Tabriz, East Azarbaijan with the fundamental aim of creating a center of excellence in higher education and research.

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Vardan Areveltsi

Vardan Areveltsi (Վարդան Արևելցի; Vardan the Easterner, circa 1198 – 1271 AD) was a thirteenth-century Armenian historian, geographer, philosopher and translator.

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Vegetable

Vegetables are parts of plants that are consumed by humans as food as part of a meal.

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Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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War of the Cities

The War of the Cities was five series of air raids, missile attacks and artillery shellings on major cities and urban areas initiated by Saddam Hussein's Iraqi Air Force, with the aim of disrupting the morale of Iran during the Iran–Iraq War.

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West Azerbaijan Province

West Azerbaijan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Winter

Winter is the coldest season of the year in polar and temperate zones (winter does not occur in the tropical zone).

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Wood

Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants.

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World Crafts Council

The World Crafts Council AISBL (WCC-AISBL) is a non-profit, non-governmental organization that was founded in 1964 to promote fellowship, foster economic development through income generating craft related activities, organize exchange programs, workshops, conferences, seminars, and exhibitions—and in general, to offer encouragement, help, and advice to the craftspersons of the world.

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World Heritage site

A World Heritage site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Wuhan

Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China.

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Yadegar-e Emam Stadium (Tabriz)

Yadegar-e Emam Stadium (ورزشگاه یادگار امام), also popularly known as Sahand Stadium (ورزشگاه سهند) is a multi-purpose stadium in Tabriz, Iran.

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Yadollah Maftun Amini

Yadollah Maftun Amini (یدالله مفتون امینی; born June 12, 1926) is an Iranian poet.

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Yaqut al-Hamawi

Yāqūt ibn-'Abdullah al-Rūmī al-Hamawī (1179–1229) (ياقوت الحموي الرومي) was an Arab biographer and geographer of Greek origin, renowned for his encyclopedic writings on the Muslim world.

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Yarsanism

The Yarsan or Ahl-e Haqq (Kurdish:, Yarsan, اهل حق Ahl-e Haqq "People of Truth"), is a syncretic religion founded by Sultan Sahak in the late 14th century in western Iran.

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Zahra Saei

Zahra Saei (‌‌زهرا ساعی; born 1980) is an Iranian politician, researcher and academic.

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Zoroaster

Zoroaster (from Greek Ζωροάστρης Zōroastrēs), also known as Zarathustra (𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 Zaraθuštra), Zarathushtra Spitama or Ashu Zarathushtra, was an ancient Iranian-speaking prophet whose teachings and innovations on the religious traditions of ancient Iranian-speaking peoples developed into the religion of Zoroastrianism.

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Zubaidah bint Ja`far

Zubaidah bint Ja`far ibn Mansur (Arabic: زبيدة بنت جعفر ابن المنصور) (died 26 Jumada I 216 AH / 10 July 831 AD) was the best known of the Abbasid princesses.

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1721 Tabriz earthquake

The 1721 Tabriz earthquake occurred on April 26, with an epicenter near the city of Tabriz, Iran.

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1780 Tabriz earthquake

The 1780 Tabriz earthquake occurred at 01:15 local time on 8 January.

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1911 Russian invasion of Tabriz

Russian invasion of Tabriz (1911) refers to the attack and invasion of the city of Tabriz in the north western part of Iran in December 1911 by Imperial Russia.

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1976 AFC Asian Cup

The 1976 AFC Asian Cup was the 6th edition of the men's AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

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History of Tabriz, Ta vrezh, Ta-vrezh, Tabreez, Tabriz Province, Ottoman Empire, Tabriz city of firsts, Tabriz, Iran, Tabrīz, Tabrīz city, Tap riz, Tap-riz, Tauris, Iran, Tawresh, Tebriz, Tebriz Province, Ottoman Empire, تبریز.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabriz

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