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71 relations: Angle, Antenna (radio), Artillery sound ranging, ASDE-X, Carrier frequency, Central angle, Cluster analysis, Cramér–Rao bound, Cross-correlation, Decca Navigator System, Determinism, Direction finding, Drift (telecommunication), Electronic scoring system, Electronic warfare support measures, Electronics, Extended Kalman filter, FDOA, Gauss–Newton algorithm, Gaussian elimination, Gee (navigation), Geometry, Global Positioning System, Great-circle navigation, GSM, Hyperbola, Hyperbolic navigation, Hyperboloid, Kolchuga passive sensor, Kopáč passive sensor, Least squares, Line-of-sight propagation, Locus (mathematics), Loran-C, Microprocessor, Mobile phone tracking, Model theory, Multidimensional scaling, Non-linear least squares, Numerical Recipes, Omega (navigation system), Optics, Oscillation, Oscilloscope, Phase (waves), Phase detector, Phase noise, Propagation of uncertainty, Quadratic equation, Radio navigation, ..., Radio receiver, Radiolocation, Ramona passive sensor, Rangefinder, Real-time locating system, Reduced vertical separation minima, Roke Manor Research, Satellite navigation, Secondary surveillance radar, Sensor, Shortwave radio, SOFAR channel, Stochastic, Tamara passive sensor, Time of arrival, Transmitter, Triangulation, Trilateration, VERA passive sensor, Wide area multilateration, World War II. Expand index (21 more) »
Angle
In plane geometry, an angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle.
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Antenna (radio)
In radio, an antenna is the interface between radio waves propagating through space and electric currents moving in metal conductors, used with a transmitter or receiver.
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Artillery sound ranging
In land warfare, artillery sound ranging is a method of determining the coordinates of a hostile battery using data derived from the sound of its guns (or mortar or rockets) firing.
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ASDE-X
Airport Surface Detection Equipment, Model X, or ASDE-X, is a runway-safety tool that enables air traffic controllers to detect potential runway conflicts by providing detailed coverage of movement on runways and taxiways.
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Carrier frequency
In telecommunication systems, Carrier frequency is a technical term used to indicate.
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Central angle
Central angles are subtended by an arc between those two points, and the arc length is the central angle of a circle of radius one (measured in radians).
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Cluster analysis
Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar (in some sense) to each other than to those in other groups (clusters).
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Cramér–Rao bound
In estimation theory and statistics, the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB), Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB), Cramér–Rao inequality, Frechet–Darmois–Cramér–Rao inequality, or information inequality expresses a lower bound on the variance of unbiased estimators of a deterministic (fixed, though unknown) parameter.
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Cross-correlation
In signal processing, cross-correlation is a measure of similarity of two series as a function of the displacement of one relative to the other.
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Decca Navigator System
The Decca Navigator System was a hyperbolic radio navigation system which allowed ships and aircraft to determine their position by receiving radio signals from fixed navigational beacons.
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Determinism
Determinism is the philosophical theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined by previously existing causes.
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Direction finding
Direction finding (DF), or radio direction finding (RDF), is the measurement of the direction from which a received signal was transmitted.
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Drift (telecommunication)
In telecommunication, a drift is a comparatively long-term change in an attribute, value, or operational parameter of a system or equipment.
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Electronic scoring system
Electronic scoring systems or electronic targets are automated scoring systems used for sport shooting where the shot placement and score is automatically calculated using electronics and presented on screens to the organizer and shooters.
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Electronic warfare support measures
In military telecommunications, the terms Electronic Support (ES) or Electronic Support Measures (ESM) describe the division of electronic warfare involving actions taken under direct control of an operational commander to detect, intercept, identify, locate, record, and/or analyze sources of radiated electromagnetic energy for the purposes of immediate threat recognition (such as warning that fire control RADAR has locked on a combat vehicle, ship, or aircraft) or longer-term operational planning.
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Electronics
Electronics is the discipline dealing with the development and application of devices and systems involving the flow of electrons in a vacuum, in gaseous media, and in semiconductors.
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Extended Kalman filter
In estimation theory, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is the nonlinear version of the Kalman filter which linearizes about an estimate of the current mean and covariance.
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FDOA
Frequency difference of arrival (FDOA), also frequently called differential Doppler (DD), is a technique analogous to TDOA for estimating the location of a radio emitter based on observations from other points.
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Gauss–Newton algorithm
The Gauss–Newton algorithm is used to solve non-linear least squares problems.
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Gaussian elimination
In linear algebra, Gaussian elimination (also known as row reduction) is an algorithm for solving systems of linear equations.
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Gee (navigation)
Gee, sometimes written GEE, was a radio navigation system used by the Royal Air Force during World War II.
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Geometry
Geometry (from the γεωμετρία; geo- "earth", -metron "measurement") is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space.
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Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force.
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Great-circle navigation
Great-circle navigation or orthodromic navigation (related to orthodromic course; from the Greek ορθóς, right angle, and δρóμος, path) is the practice of navigating a vessel (a ship or aircraft) along a great circle.
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GSM
GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as tablets, first deployed in Finland in December 1991.
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Hyperbola
In mathematics, a hyperbola (plural hyperbolas or hyperbolae) is a type of smooth curve lying in a plane, defined by its geometric properties or by equations for which it is the solution set.
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Hyperbolic navigation
Hyperbolic navigation refers to a class of navigation systems based on the difference in timing between the reception of two signals, without reference to a common clock.
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Hyperboloid
In geometry, a hyperboloid of revolution, sometimes called circular hyperboloid, is a surface that may be generated by rotating a hyperbola around one of its principal axes.
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Kolchuga passive sensor
The Kolchuga (Кольчуга Chainmail) passive sensor is an ESM system developed in the Soviet Union and manufactured in Ukraine.
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Kopáč passive sensor
Kopáč (the word means "digger" in Czech) was an early electronic warfare support measures (ESM) system developed in Czechoslovakia in the early 1960s that used measurements of time difference of arrival (TDOA) of pulses at three sites to accurately detect and track airborne emitters.
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Least squares
The method of least squares is a standard approach in regression analysis to approximate the solution of overdetermined systems, i.e., sets of equations in which there are more equations than unknowns.
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Line-of-sight propagation
Line-of-sight propagation is a characteristic of electromagnetic radiation or acoustic wave propagation which means waves travel in a direct path from the source to the receiver.
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Locus (mathematics)
In geometry, a locus (plural: loci) (Latin word for "place", "location") is a set of all points (commonly, a line, a line segment, a curve or a surface), whose location satisfies or is determined by one or more specified conditions.
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Loran-C
Loran-C was a hyperbolic radio navigation system which allowed a receiver to determine its position by listening to low frequency radio signals transmitted by fixed land-based radio beacons.
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Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a computer processor that incorporates the functions of a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most a few integrated circuits.
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Mobile phone tracking
Mobile phone tracking is the ascertaining of the position or location of a mobile phone, whether stationary or moving.
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Model theory
In mathematics, model theory is the study of classes of mathematical structures (e.g. groups, fields, graphs, universes of set theory) from the perspective of mathematical logic.
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Multidimensional scaling
Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a means of visualizing the level of similarity of individual cases of a dataset.
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Non-linear least squares
Non-linear least squares is the form of least squares analysis used to fit a set of m observations with a model that is non-linear in n unknown parameters (m > n).
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Numerical Recipes
Numerical Recipes is the generic title of a series of books on algorithms and numerical analysis by William H. Press, Saul A. Teukolsky, William T. Vetterling and Brian P. Flannery.
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Omega (navigation system)
OMEGA was the first global-range radio navigation system, operated by the United States in cooperation with six partner nations.
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Optics
Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
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Oscillation
Oscillation is the repetitive variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states.
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Oscilloscope
An oscilloscope, previously called an oscillograph, and informally known as a scope or o-scope, CRO (for cathode-ray oscilloscope), or DSO (for the more modern digital storage oscilloscope), is a type of electronic test instrument that allows observation of varying signal voltages, usually as a two-dimensional plot of one or more signals as a function of time.
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Phase (waves)
Phase is the position of a point in time (an instant) on a waveform cycle.
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Phase detector
A phase detector or phase comparator is a frequency mixer, analog multiplier or logic circuit that generates a voltage signal which represents the difference in phase between two signal inputs.
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Phase noise
In signal processing, phase noise is the frequency domain representation of rapid, short-term, random fluctuations in the phase of a waveform, caused by time domain instabilities ("jitter").
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Propagation of uncertainty
In statistics, propagation of uncertainty (or propagation of error) is the effect of variables' uncertainties (or errors, more specifically random errors) on the uncertainty of a function based on them.
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Quadratic equation
In algebra, a quadratic equation (from the Latin quadratus for "square") is any equation having the form where represents an unknown, and,, and represent known numbers such that is not equal to.
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Radio navigation
Radio navigation or radionavigation is the application of radio frequencies to determine a position of an object on the Earth.
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Radio receiver
In radio communications, a radio receiver (receiver or simply radio) is an electronic device that receives radio waves and converts the information carried by them to a usable form.
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Radiolocation
Radiolocating is the process of finding the location of something through the use of radio waves.
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Ramona passive sensor
Ramona was the second generation Czechoslovak electronic support measures (ESM) system that uses measurements of time difference of arrival (TDOA) of pulses at three or four sites to accurately detect and track airborne emitters by multilateration.
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Rangefinder
A rangefinder is a device that measures distance from the observer to a target, in a process called ranging.
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Real-time locating system
Real-time locating systems (RTLS) are used to automatically identify and track the location of objects or people in real time, usually within a building or other contained area.
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Reduced vertical separation minima
Reduced Vertical Separation Minima or Minimum (RVSM) is the reduction of the standard vertical separation required between aircraft flying between FL290 (29,000 ft) and FL410 (41,000 ft) inclusive, from 2,000 feet to 1,000 feet (or between 8,850 and 12,500 m from 600 m to 300 m).
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Roke Manor Research
Roke Manor Research Limited is a UK company based at Roke Manor in Romsey, Hampshire.
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Satellite navigation
A satellite navigation or satnav system is a system that uses satellites to provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning.
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Secondary surveillance radar
Secondary surveillance radar (SSR)Secondary Surveillance Radar, Stevens M.C. Artech House, is a radar system used in air traffic control (ATC), that not only detects and measures the position of aircraft, i.e. bearing and distance, but also requests additional information from the aircraft itself such as its identity and altitude.
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Sensor
In the broadest definition, a sensor is a device, module, or subsystem whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other electronics, frequently a computer processor.
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Shortwave radio
Shortwave radio is radio transmission using shortwave radio frequencies.
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SOFAR channel
Sound speed as a function of depth at a position north of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean derived from the 2005 World Ocean Atlas. The SOFAR channel axis is at ca. 750-m depth The SOFAR channel (short for Sound Fixing and Ranging channel), or deep sound channel (DSC), is a horizontal layer of water in the ocean at which depth the speed of sound is at its minimum.
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Stochastic
The word stochastic is an adjective in English that describes something that was randomly determined.
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Tamara passive sensor
Tamara was the third generation Czechoslovak electronic support measures (ESM) system that used measurements of time difference of arrival (TDOA) of pulses at three or four sites to accurately detect and track airborne emitters by multilateration.
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Time of arrival
Time of arrival (TOA or ToA), sometimes called time of flight (ToF), is the travel time of a radio signal from a single transmitter to a remote single receiver.
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Transmitter
In electronics and telecommunications, a transmitter or radio transmitter is an electronic device which produces radio waves with an antenna.
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Triangulation
In trigonometry and geometry, triangulation is the process of determining the location of a point by forming triangles to it from known points.
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Trilateration
In geometry, trilateration is the process of determining absolute or relative locations of points by measurement of distances, using the geometry of circles, spheres or triangles.
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VERA passive sensor
VERA -VERA passive radar (in Czech known as Věra) is an electronic support measures (ESM) system that uses measurements of time difference of arrival (TDOA) of pulses at three or four sites to accurately detect and track airborne emitters.
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Wide area multilateration
Wide area multilateration (WAM) is a cooperative aircraft surveillance technology based on the same time difference of arrival principle that is used on an airport surface.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Redirects here:
Hyperbolic positioning, Lateration, TDOA, Time Delay Of Arrival, Time difference of arrival.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilateration
