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61 relations: Alula, Apsaravis, Archaeopteryx, Archaeorhynchus, Autapomorphy, Beijing, Bird, China, Clade, Cladogram, Cretaceous, Early Cretaceous, Enantiornithes, Euornithes, Evolution of birds, Fossil, Furcula, Gansus, Genus, Habitat, Hauterivian, Hebei, Holotype, Hongshanornis, Hongshanornithidae, Huajiying Formation, Ichthyornis, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Jehol Biota, Jianchangornis, Longicrusavis, Meemann Chang, Metacarpal bones, Metatarsal bones, Nature Communications, Origin of birds, Ornithurae, Paleontology, Parahongshanornis, Paratype, Patagopteryx, Phylogenetic tree, Phylogenetics, Piscivoravis, Plover, Schizooura, Shale, Sister group, Songlingornis, Songlingornithidae, ..., Species, Specific name (zoology), Stephen L. Brusatte, Sternum, Tarsometatarsus, Trabecula, Vorona, Xiphoid process, Yanornis, Yixianornis, Zhou Zhongge. Expand index (11 more) »
Alula
The alula, or bastard wing, (plural alulae) is a small projection on the anterior edge of the wing of modern birds and a few non-avian dinosaurs.
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Apsaravis
Apsaravis is a Mesozoic bird genus from the Late Cretaceous.
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Archaeopteryx
Archaeopteryx, meaning "old wing" (sometimes referred to by its German name Urvogel ("original bird" or "first bird")), is a genus of bird-like dinosaurs that is transitional between non-avian feathered dinosaurs and modern birds.
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Archaeorhynchus
Archaeorhynchus is a genus of beaked avialans (proto-birds) from the early Cretaceous period.
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Autapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an autapomorphy is a distinctive feature, known as a derived trait, that is unique to a given taxon.
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Beijing
Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.
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Bird
Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Clade
A clade (from κλάδος, klados, "branch"), also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".
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Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.
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Cretaceous
The Cretaceous is a geologic period and system that spans 79 million years from the end of the Jurassic Period million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Paleogene Period mya.
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Early Cretaceous
The Early Cretaceous/Middle Cretaceous (geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphic name), is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous.
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Enantiornithes
Enantiornithes is a group of extinct avialans ("birds" in the broad sense), the most abundant and diverse group known from the Mesozoic era.
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Euornithes
Euornithes (from Greek ευόρνιθες meaning "true birds") is a natural group which includes the most recent common ancestor of all avialans closer to modern birds than to Sinornis.
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Evolution of birds
The evolution of birds began in the Jurassic Period, with the earliest birds derived from a clade of theropoda dinosaurs named Paraves.
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Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
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Furcula
The furcula ("little fork" in Latin) or wishbone is a forked bone found in birds and some dinosaurs, and is formed by the fusion of the two clavicles.
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Gansus
Gansus is a genus of aquatic birds that lived during the Aptian age of the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) period in what are now Gansu and Liaoning provinces, western China.
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Genus
A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.
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Habitat
In ecology, a habitat is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives.
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Hauterivian
The Hauterivian is, in the geologic timescale, an age in the Early Cretaceous epoch or a stage in the Lower Cretaceous series.
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Hebei
Hebei (postal: Hopeh) is a province of China in the North China region.
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Holotype
A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described.
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Hongshanornis
Hongshanornis is a genus of ornithuromorph birds known from early Cretaceous lake deposits of the Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Hongshanornithidae
Hongshanornithidae is an extinct group of early ornithuromorph birds from the early Cretaceous period of China.
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Huajiying Formation
The Huajiying Formation is a geological formation in Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Ichthyornis
Ichthyornis (meaning "fish bird", after its fish-like vertebrae) was a genus of toothed seabird-like ornithuran from the late Cretaceous period of North America.
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Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology
The Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (abbreviated to IVPP) of China is a prominent research institution and collections repository for fossils, including many dinosaur and pterosaur specimens (many from the Yixian Formation).
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Jehol Biota
The Jehol Biota includes all the living organisms – the ecosystem – of northeastern China between 133 and 120 million years ago.
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Jianchangornis
Jianchangornis a genus of basal ornithuromorph birds.
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Longicrusavis
Longicrusavis (meaning "long shin bird" in Latin) is an extinct genus of basal ornithuromorph bird within the family Hongshanornithidae.
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Meemann Chang
Meemann Chang, also known as Zhang Miman, is a Chinese paleontologist at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP).
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Metacarpal bones
In human anatomy, the metacarpal bones or metacarpus, form the intermediate part of the skeletal hand located between the phalanges of the fingers and the carpal bones of the wrist which forms the connection to the forearm.
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Metatarsal bones
The metatarsal bones, or metatarsus are a group of five long bones in the foot, located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes.
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Nature Communications
Nature Communications is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group since 2010.
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Origin of birds
The scientific question of within which larger group of animals birds evolved, has traditionally been called the origin of birds.
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Ornithurae
Ornithurae (meaning "bird tails" in Greek) is a natural group which includes the common ancestor of Ichthyornis, Hesperornis, and all modern birds as well as all other descendants of that common ancestor.
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Paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene Epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).
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Parahongshanornis
Parahongshanornis is an extinct genus of early bird from the lower Cretaceous (Aptian stage) of what is now Liaoning Province, north-eastern China.
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Paratype
In zoology and botany, a paratype is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a species and other taxon actually represents, but it is not the holotype (and in botany is also neither an isotype nor a syntype).
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Patagopteryx
Patagopteryx is an extinct monotypic genus of patagopterygiforms that lived during the Late Cretaceous, around 80 mya, in what is now the Sierra Barrosa in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina.
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Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.
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Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: φυλή, φῦλον – phylé, phylon.
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Piscivoravis
Piscivoravis is an extinct genus of fish-eating ornithuromorphs known from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation (Aptian age) of western Liaoning Province, northeastern China.
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Plover
Plovers are a widely distributed group of wading birds belonging to the subfamily Charadriinae.
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Schizooura
Schizooura is a genus of basal ornithuromorph bird known from the Early Cretaceous of Jianchang, western Liaoning, China.
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Shale
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.
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Sister group
A sister group or sister taxon is a phylogenetic term denoting the closest relatives of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
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Songlingornis
Songlingornis is a prehistoric bird genus from the Early Cretaceous.
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Songlingornithidae
Songlingornithidae is a family of early ornithuromorph birds from the early Cretaceous Period of China.
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Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.
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Specific name (zoology)
In zoological nomenclature, the specific name (also specific epithet or species epithet) is the second part (the second name) within the scientific name of a species (a binomen).
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Stephen L. Brusatte
Stephen Louis Brusatte (born April 24, 1984) is an American paleontologist and evolutionary biologist, who specializes in the anatomy and evolution of dinosaurs.
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Sternum
The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the center of the chest.
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Tarsometatarsus
The tarsometatarsus is a bone that is only found in the lower leg of birds and certain non-avian dinosaurs.
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Trabecula
A trabecula (plural trabeculae, from Latin for "small beam") is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod that supports or anchors a framework of parts within a body or organ.
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Vorona
Vorona (Malagasy for "bird", V. berivotrensis, "from Berivotra") is a monotypic genus of prehistoric birds.
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Xiphoid process
The xiphoid process, or xiphisternum or metasternum, is a small cartilaginous process (extension) of the lower (inferior) part of the sternum, which is usually ossified in the adult human.
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Yanornis
Yanornis (Chinese: 燕鸟) is an extinct genus of fish-eating Early Cretaceous birds.
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Yixianornis
Yixianornis (meaning "Yixian Formation bird") is a bird genus from the early Cretaceous period.
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Zhou Zhongge
Zhou Zhongge (born 15 February 1967) is a Chinese track and field coach and former high jumper.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeornithura
