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800 relations: ABC News (Australia), Absorption spectroscopy, Academic Ranking of World Universities, Active ingredient, Afghanistan, Agence France-Presse, Aksai Chin, Allies of World War II, Alluvium, Altaic languages, American Chinese cuisine, Amur, An Lushan rebellion, Ancient Script Texts, Anhui cuisine, Antara (news agency), Apollo (crater), Archaeological excavation, Archaeology (magazine), Archery, ASEAN, Asia, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Asian black bear, Asian Dust, Association football, Austroasiatic languages, Austronesian languages, Autocracy, Autonomous prefecture, Autonomous regions of China, Badminton, Bamboo, Bangladesh, Banpo, BBC News, Before Present, BeiDou, Beijing dialect, Beijing Subway, Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway, Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway, Beiyang Army, Beiyang government, Bhutan, Biodiversity action plan, Bioenergy, Biogeographic realm, BirGün, Bloomberg Businessweek, ... Expand index (750 more) »
- Atheist states
- BRICS nations
- Communist states
- Countries and territories where Chinese is an official language
- Cradle of civilization
- East Asian countries
- G20 members
- Northeast Asian countries
- One-party states
- People's Republic of China
- States and territories established in 1949
- States with limited recognition
ABC News (Australia)
ABC News, also known as ABC News and Current Affairs and overseas as ABC Australia, is a public news service produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
See China and ABC News (Australia)
Absorption spectroscopy
Absorption spectroscopy is spectroscopy that involves techniques that measure the absorption of electromagnetic radiation, as a function of frequency or wavelength, due to its interaction with a sample.
See China and Absorption spectroscopy
Academic Ranking of World Universities
The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), also known as the Shanghai Ranking, is one of the annual publications of world university rankings.
See China and Academic Ranking of World Universities
Active ingredient
An active ingredient is any ingredient that provides biologically active or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease or to affect the structure or any function of the body of humans or animals.
See China and Active ingredient
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. China and Afghanistan are countries in Asia, member states of the United Nations and republics.
Agence France-Presse
Agence France-Presse (AFP) is a French international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.
See China and Agence France-Presse
Aksai Chin
Aksai Chin is a region administered by the People's Republic of China (PRC) partly in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang and partly in Rutog County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet and constituting the easternmost portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and the PRC as well as the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan since 1959.
Allies of World War II
The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.
See China and Allies of World War II
Alluvium
Alluvium is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings.
Altaic languages
Altaic is a controversial proposed language family that would include the Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic language families and possibly also the Japonic and Koreanic languages.
See China and Altaic languages
American Chinese cuisine
American Chinese cuisine is a cuisine derived from Chinese cuisine that was developed by Chinese Americans.
See China and American Chinese cuisine
Amur
The Amur River (река Амур) or Heilong River is a perennial river in Northeast Asia, forming the natural border between the Russian Far East and Northeast China (historically the Outer and Inner Manchuria). The Amur proper is long, and has a drainage basin of., Great Soviet Encyclopedia If including its main stem tributary, the Argun, the Amur is long, making it the world's tenth longest river.
See China and Amur
An Lushan rebellion
The An Lushan rebellion was a civil war in China that lasted from 755 to 763, at the approximate midpoint of the Tang dynasty (618–907).
See China and An Lushan rebellion
Ancient Script Texts
In Chinese philology, the Ancient Script Classics refer to some versions of the Five Classics discovered during the Han dynasty, written in a script that predated the one in use during the Han dynasty, and produced before the burning of the books.
See China and Ancient Script Texts
Anhui cuisine
Anhui cuisine, alternatively referred to as Hui cuisine, is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of Chinese cuisine.
Antara (news agency)
Antara is an Indonesian news agency organized as a statutory corporation.
See China and Antara (news agency)
Apollo (crater)
Apollo, also called the Apollo basin, is an enormous impact crater located in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon.
Archaeological excavation
In archaeology, excavation is the exposure, processing and recording of archaeological remains.
See China and Archaeological excavation
Archaeology (magazine)
Archaeology is a bimonthly magazine for the general public, published by the Archaeological Institute of America.
See China and Archaeology (magazine)
Archery
Archery is the sport, practice, or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows.
ASEAN
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, commonly abbreviated as ASEAN, is a political and economic union of 10 states in Southeast Asia.
See China and ASEAN
Asia
Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population.
See China and Asia
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is an inter-governmental forum for 21 member economies in the Pacific Rim that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region.
See China and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Asian black bear
The Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus), also known as the Indian black bear, Asiatic black bear, moon bear and white-chested bear, is a medium-sized bear species native to Asia that is largely adapted to an arboreal lifestyle.
See China and Asian black bear
Asian Dust
Asian Dust (also yellow dust, yellow sand, yellow wind or China dust storms) is a meteorological phenomenon that affects much of East Asia year-round and especially during the spring months.
Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
See China and Association football
Austroasiatic languages
The Austroasiatic languages are a large language family spoken throughout Mainland Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Asia.
See China and Austroasiatic languages
Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely spoken throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, parts of Mainland Southeast Asia, Madagascar, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and Taiwan (by Taiwanese indigenous peoples).
See China and Austronesian languages
Autocracy
Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power is held by the ruler, known as an autocrat.
Autonomous prefecture
Autonomous prefectures are one type of autonomous administrative divisions of China, existing at the prefectural level, with either ethnic minorities forming over 50% of the population or being the historic home of significant minorities.
See China and Autonomous prefecture
Autonomous regions of China
The autonomous regions are one of four types of province-level divisions of China.
See China and Autonomous regions of China
Badminton
Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net.
Bamboo
Bamboos are a diverse group of mostly evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae.
See China and Bamboo
Bangladesh
Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. China and Bangladesh are countries in Asia, member states of the United Nations and republics.
Banpo
Banpo is a Neolithic archaeological site located in the Yellow River valley, east of present-day Xi'an, China.
See China and Banpo
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Before Present
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s.
BeiDou
The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is a satellite-based radio navigation system owned and operated by the China National Space Administration.
See China and BeiDou
Beijing dialect
The Beijing dialect, also known as Pekingese and Beijingese, is the prestige dialect of Mandarin spoken in the urban area of Beijing, China.
Beijing Subway
The Beijing Subway is the rapid transit system of Beijing Municipality that consists of 27 lines including 22 rapid transit lines, two airport rail links, one maglev line and two light rail tram lines, and 490 stations.
Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway
The Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway (or Jinghu high-speed railway, from its name in Mandarin) is a high-speed railway that connects two major economic zones in the People's Republic of China: the Bohai Economic Rim and the Yangtze River Delta.
See China and Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway
Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway
The Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway is a Chinese high-speed railway that runs line between Beijing and Tianjin.
See China and Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway
Beiyang Army
The Beiyang Army, named after the Beiyang region,Hong Zhang (2019).
Beiyang government
The Beiyang government was the internationally recognized government of the Republic of China between 1912 and 1928, based in Beijing.
See China and Beiyang government
Bhutan
Bhutan (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked country in South Asia situated in the Eastern Himalayas between China in the north and India in the south. China and Bhutan are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
See China and Bhutan
Biodiversity action plan
A biodiversity action plan (BAP) is an internationally recognized program addressing threatened species and habitats and is designed to protect and restore biological systems.
See China and Biodiversity action plan
Bioenergy
Bioenergy is a type of renewable energy that is derived from plants and animal waste.
Biogeographic realm
A biogeographic realm is the broadest biogeographic division of Earth's land surface, based on distributional patterns of terrestrial organisms.
See China and Biogeographic realm
BirGün
BirGün (One Day) is an Istanbul-based Turkish left-wing daily.
See China and BirGün
Bloomberg Businessweek
Bloomberg Businessweek, previously known as BusinessWeek (and before that Business Week and The Business Week), is an American monthly business magazine published 12 times a year.
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Bloomberg News
Bloomberg News (originally Bloomberg Business News) is an international news agency headquartered in New York City and a division of Bloomberg L.P. Content produced by Bloomberg News is disseminated through Bloomberg Terminals, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg Markets, Bloomberg.com, and Bloomberg's mobile platforms.
Book of Documents
The Book of Documents, or the Classic of History, is one of the Five Classics of ancient Chinese literature.
See China and Book of Documents
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Boxer Uprising or the Boxer Insurrection, was an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty, by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, known as the "Boxers" in English due to many of its members having practised Chinese martial arts, which at the time were referred to as "Chinese boxing".
Brahmaputra River
The Brahmaputra is a trans-boundary river which flows through Tibet (China), Northeastern India, and Bangladesh.
See China and Brahmaputra River
Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America and Latin America. China and Brazil are BRICS nations, G20 members and member states of the United Nations.
See China and Brazil
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.
Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.
Buddhist cuisine
Buddhist cuisine is an Asian cuisine that is followed by monks and many believers from areas historically influenced by Mahayana Buddhism.
See China and Buddhist cuisine
Burning of books and burying of scholars
The burning of books and burying of scholars was the purported burning of texts in 213 BCE and live burial of 460 Confucian scholars in 212 BCE ordered by Chinese emperor Qin Shi Huang.
See China and Burning of books and burying of scholars
Caishen
Caishen is the mythological figure worshipped in the Chinese folk religion and Taoism.
Calendar date
A calendar date is a reference to a particular day represented within a calendar system.
Cambodia
Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Mainland Southeast Asia. China and Cambodia are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See China and Cambridge University Press
Cantonese cuisine
Cantonese or Guangdong cuisine, also known as Yue cuisine, is the cuisine of Guangdong province of China, particularly the provincial capital Guangzhou, and the surrounding regions in the Pearl River Delta including Hong Kong and Macau.
See China and Cantonese cuisine
Cantonese opera
Cantonese opera is one of the major categories in Chinese opera, originating in southern China's Guangdong Province.
Cantopop
Cantopop (a contraction of "Cantonese pop music") is a genre of pop music sung in Cantonese.
Cao Wei
Wei (C) (220–266)Also known as Cao Wei (曹魏) or Former Wei.
Capital punishment in China
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in China.
See China and Capital punishment in China
Carbon capture and storage
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a process in which a relatively pure stream of carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial sources is separated, treated and transported to a long-term storage location.
See China and Carbon capture and storage
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP) is a nonpartisan international affairs think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C., with operations in Europe, South and East Asia, and the Middle East as well as the United States.
See China and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Case Western Reserve University School of Law
Case Western Reserve University School of Law is one of eight schools at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.
See China and Case Western Reserve University School of Law
Center for Strategic and International Studies
The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. From its founding in 1962 until 1987, it was an affiliate of Georgetown University, initially named the Center for Strategic and International Studies of Georgetown University.
See China and Center for Strategic and International Studies
Central Asia
Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest organ when the national congress is not in session and is tasked with carrying out congress resolutions, directing all party work, and representing the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) externally.
See China and Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
See China and Central Intelligence Agency
Central Military Commission (China)
The Central Military Commission (CMC) is the highest national defense organization in the People's Republic of China, which heads the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the People's Armed Police (PAP), and the Militia of China.
See China and Central Military Commission (China)
Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
The Chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party.
See China and Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
Chang'an
Chang'an is the traditional name of Xi'an.
Changsha
Changsha is the capital and the largest city of Hunan Province of China.
Charter of the United Nations
The Charter of the United Nations (UN) is the foundational treaty of the United Nations.
See China and Charter of the United Nations
Chatham House
The Royal Institute of International Affairs, commonly known as Chatham House, is a British think tank based in London, England.
Chemistry World
Chemistry World is a monthly chemistry news magazine published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.
Chengdu
Chengdu is the capital city of the Chinese province of Sichuan.
Cheongsam
Cheongsam or zansae, also known as the qipao and sometimes referred to as the mandarin gown, is a Chinese dress worn by women which takes inspiration from the, the ethnic clothing of the Manchu people.
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 18875 April 1975) was a Chinese statesman, revolutionary, and military commander.
China and weapons of mass destruction
The People's Republic of China has developed and possesses weapons of mass destruction, including chemical and nuclear weapons.
See China and China and weapons of mass destruction
China at the Olympics
Originally having participated in Olympics as the delegation of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1924 Summer Olympics to 1976 Winter Olympics, China competed at the Olympic Games under the name of the People's Republic of China (PRC) for the first time at the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland, although they only arrived in time during the last days to participate in one event.
See China and China at the Olympics
China Daily
China Daily is an English-language daily newspaper owned by the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party.
China Internet Network Information Center
The China Internet Network Information Center, or CNNIC, is the administrative agency responsible for domain registry affairs of.cn under the Cyberspace Administration of China.
See China and China Internet Network Information Center
China Mobile
China Mobile is the trade name of both China Mobile Limited and its ultimate controlling shareholder, China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd., is a Chinese state-owned telecommunicationsStrait deals The Economist, 7 May 2009 company.
China National Highways
The China National Highways (CNH/Guodao) is a network of trunk roads across mainland China.
See China and China National Highways
China Radio International
China Radio International (CRI) is the state-owned international radio broadcaster of China.
See China and China Radio International
China Railway
China State Railway Group Co., Ltd., doing business as China Railway (CR), is the national passenger and freight railroad corporation of the People's Republic of China.
China Unicom
China United Network Communications Group (China Unicom) is a Chinese state-owned telecommunications operator.
China–United States relations
The relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the United States of America (USA) has been complex and at times tense since the establishment of the PRC and the retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan in 1949.
See China and China–United States relations
Chinas
The Chinas (Sanskrit चीनः) are a people mentioned in ancient Indian literature, such as the Mahabharata, Manusmriti, and the Puranic literature.
See China and Chinas
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) is a Chinese state research institute and think tank.
See China and Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Chinese architecture
Chinese architecture is the embodiment of an architectural style that has developed over millennia in China and has influenced architecture throughout East Asia.
See China and Chinese architecture
Chinese astrology
Chinese astrology is based on traditional Chinese astronomy and the Chinese calendar.
See China and Chinese astrology
Chinese Basketball Association
The Chinese Basketball Association, often abbreviated as the CBA, is the first-tier professional men's basketball league in China.
See China and Chinese Basketball Association
Chinese Buddhism
Chinese Buddhism or Han Buddhism (p) is a Chinese form of Mahayana Buddhism which draws on the Chinese Buddhist canonJiang Wu, "The Chinese Buddhist Canon" in The Wiley Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism, p. 299, Wiley-Blackwell (2014).
See China and Chinese Buddhism
Chinese calendar
The traditional Chinese calendar (l; informally l) is a lunisolar calendar, combining the solar, lunar, and other cycles for various social and agricultural purposes.
See China and Chinese calendar
Chinese calligraphy
Chinese calligraphy is the writing of Chinese characters as an art form, combining purely visual art and interpretation of the literary meaning. This type of expression has been widely practiced in China and has been generally held in high esteem across East Asia. Calligraphy is considered one of the four most-sought skills and hobbies of ancient Chinese literati, along with playing stringed musical instruments, the board game "Go", and painting.
See China and Chinese calligraphy
Chinese characters
Chinese characters are logographs used to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chinese culture.
See China and Chinese characters
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), with armed conflict continuing intermittently from 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949, resulting in a communist victory and control of mainland China.
See China and Chinese Civil War
Chinese classics
The Chinese classics or canonical texts are the works of Chinese literature authored prior to the establishment of the imperial Qin dynasty in 221 BC.
See China and Chinese classics
Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). China and Chinese Communist Party are people's Republic of China.
See China and Chinese Communist Party
Chinese cuisine
Chinese cuisine comprises cuisines originating from China, as well as from Chinese people from other parts of the world.
Chinese culture
Chinese culture is one of the world's oldest cultures, originating thousands of years ago.
Chinese emigration
Waves of Chinese emigration have happened throughout history.
See China and Chinese emigration
Chinese folk religion
Chinese folk religion, also known as Chinese popular religion, comprehends a range of traditional religious practices of Han Chinese, including the Chinese diaspora.
See China and Chinese folk religion
Chinese folklore
Chinese folklore encompasses the folklore of China, and includes songs, poetry, dances, puppetry, and tales.
See China and Chinese folklore
Chinese herbology
Chinese herbology is the theory of traditional Chinese herbal therapy, which accounts for the majority of treatments in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
See China and Chinese herbology
Chinese hip hop
Chinese hip hop, also known as C-Rap, is a subgenre of Chinese music.
Chinese historiography
Chinese historiography is the study of the techniques and sources used by historians to develop the recorded history of China.
See China and Chinese historiography
Chinese Islamic cuisine
Chinese Islamic cuisine consists of variations of regionally popular foods that are typical of Han Chinese cuisine, in particular to make them halal.
See China and Chinese Islamic cuisine
Chinese language
Chinese is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China.
See China and Chinese language
Chinese literature
The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and begins with the earliest recorded inscriptions, court archives, building to the major works of philosophy and history written during the Axial Age.
See China and Chinese literature
Chinese martial arts
Chinese martial arts, commonly referred to with umbrella terms kung fu, kuoshu or wushu, are multiple fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in Greater China.
See China and Chinese martial arts
Chinese mythology
Chinese mythology is mythology that has been passed down in oral form or recorded in literature throughout the area now known as Greater China.
See China and Chinese mythology
Chinese nationalism
Chinese nationalism is a form of nationalism in which asserts that the Chinese people are a nation and promotes the cultural and national unity of all Chinese people.
See China and Chinese nationalism
Chinese painting
Chinese painting is one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions in the world.
See China and Chinese painting
Chinese palace
A Chinese palace is an imperial complex where the court, civil government, royal garden and defensive fortress resided.
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China and a central part of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s united front system.
See China and Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Chinese philosophy
Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, during a period known as the "Hundred Schools of Thought", which was characterized by significant intellectual and cultural developments.
See China and Chinese philosophy
Chinese Soviet Republic
The Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR) was a state within China, proclaimed on 7 November 1931 by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leaders Mao Zedong and Zhu De in the early stages of the Chinese Civil War.
See China and Chinese Soviet Republic
Chinese Super League
The Chinese Football Association Super League, commonly known as the Chinese Super League or the CSL, currently known as the China Resources C'estbon Chinese Football Association Super League for sponsorship reasons, is the highest tier of professional football in China, operating under the auspices of the Chinese Football Association (CFA).
See China and Chinese Super League
Chinese units of measurement
Chinese units of measurement, known in Chinese as the shìzhì ("market system"), are the traditional units of measurement of the Han Chinese.
See China and Chinese units of measurement
Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
Chongqing
Chongqing is a municipality in Southwestern China.
Chongzhen Emperor
The Chongzhen Emperor (6 February 1611 – 25 April 1644), personal name Zhu Youjian, courtesy name Deyue (德約),Wang Yuan (王源)，Ju ye tang wen ji (《居業堂文集》), vol.
See China and Chongzhen Emperor
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christianity in China
Christianity has been present in China since the early medieval period, and became a significant presence in the country during the early modern era.
See China and Christianity in China
Chu (state)
Chu (Old Chinese: *s-r̥aʔ) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty.
Chu–Han Contention
The Chu–Han Contention, also known as the Chu–Han War, was an interregnum period in Imperial China between the fall of the Qin dynasty and the establishment of the Western Han dynasty.
See China and Chu–Han Contention
Chunyun
Chunyun (literally translated as “Spring transportation”), also referred to as the Spring Festival travel rush or the Chunyun period, is a period of travel in China with extremely high traffic load around the time of the Chinese New Year.
Civil religion
Civil religion, also referred to as a civic religion, is the implicit religious values of a nation, as expressed through public rituals, symbols (such as the national flag), and ceremonies on sacred days and at sacred places (such as monuments, battlefields, or national cemeteries).
Classic Chinese Novels
Classic Chinese Novels are the best-known novels of pre-modern Chinese literature.
See China and Classic Chinese Novels
Classic of Poetry
The Classic of Poetry, also Shijing or Shih-ching, translated variously as the Book of Songs, Book of Odes, or simply known as the Odes or Poetry (詩; Shī), is the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, comprising 305 works dating from the 11th to 7th centuries BC.
See China and Classic of Poetry
Classical Chinese poetry
Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry written in Classical Chinese and typified by certain traditional forms, or modes; traditional genres; and connections with particular historical periods, such as the poetry of the Tang dynasty.
See China and Classical Chinese poetry
CNBC
CNBC is an American business news channel owned by NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of Comcast's NBCUniversal.
See China and CNBC
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.
See China and CNN
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America. China and Colombia are member states of the United Nations and republics.
Columbia College, Columbia University
Columbia College is the oldest undergraduate college of Columbia University, a private Ivy League research university in New York City.
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Compass
A compass is a device that shows the cardinal directions used for navigation and geographic orientation.
Compulsory sterilization
Compulsory sterilization, also known as forced or coerced sterilization, refers to any government-mandated program to involuntarily sterilize a specific group of people.
See China and Compulsory sterilization
Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy (humanistic or rationalistic), religion, theory of government, or way of life.
Congressional Research Service
The Congressional Research Service (CRS) is a public policy research institute of the United States Congress.
See China and Congressional Research Service
Conifer
Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms.
Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party
The Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party has 55 articles and its contents describe the program of the party, as well as its organizational structure and party symbolism.
See China and Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party
Constitution of the People's Republic of China
The Constitution of the People's Republic of China is the supreme law of the People's Republic of China.
See China and Constitution of the People's Republic of China
Constitution of the Republic of China
The Constitution of the Republic of China is the fifth and current constitution of the Republic of China (ROC), ratified by the Kuomintang during the Constituent National Assembly session on 25 December 1946, in Nanjing, and adopted on 25 December 1947.
See China and Constitution of the Republic of China
Constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions.
See China and Constitutional monarchy
Convention on Biological Diversity
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty.
See China and Convention on Biological Diversity
Council on Foreign Relations
The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an American think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international relations.
See China and Council on Foreign Relations
Counterfeit
To counterfeit means to imitate something authentic, with the intent to steal, destroy, or replace the original, for use in illegal transactions, or otherwise to deceive individuals into believing that the fake is of equal or greater value than the real product.
Cradle of civilization
A cradle of civilization is a location and a culture where civilization was developed independent of other civilizations in other locations.
See China and Cradle of civilization
Credit Suisse
Credit Suisse Group AG is a global investment bank and financial services firm founded and based in Switzerland as a standalone firm but now a subsidiary of UBS.
Crimes against humanity
Crimes against humanity are certain serious crimes committed as part of a large-scale attack against civilians.
See China and Crimes against humanity
Cuju
Cuju or Ts'u-chü (蹴鞠) is an ancient Chinese football game, that resembles a mix of basketball, association football and volleyball.
See China and Cuju
Cult (religious practice)
Cult is the care (Latin: cultus) owed to deities and temples, shrines, or churches.
See China and Cult (religious practice)
Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
See China and Cultural Revolution
Culture hero
A culture hero is a mythological hero specific to some group (cultural, ethnic, religious, etc.) who changes the world through invention or discovery.
Current History
Current History is the oldest extant United States-based publication devoted exclusively to contemporary world affairs.
Cycling
Cycling, also known as bicycling or biking, is the activity of riding a bicycle or other type of cycle.
Dadiwan culture
The Dadiwan culture (c. 5800–5400 BCE) was a Neolithic culture located primarily in the eastern portion of Gansu and Shaanxi provinces in modern China.
Debt relief
Debt relief or debt cancellation is the partial or total forgiveness of debt, or the slowing or stopping of debt growth, owed by individuals, corporations, or nations.
Declaration by United Nations
The Declaration by United Nations was the main treaty that formalized the Allies of World War II and was signed by 47 national governments between 1942 and 1945.
See China and Declaration by United Nations
Demesne
A demesne or domain was all the land retained and managed by a lord of the manor under the feudal system for his own use, occupation, or support.
Democracy in China
Ideological debate over democracy in China has existed in Chinese politics since the 19th century.
See China and Democracy in China
Demographics of China
China is the second most populous country in Asia as well as the second most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion.
See China and Demographics of China
Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese revolutionary and statesman who served as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from December 1978 to November 1989.
Desertification
Desertification is a type of gradual land degradation of fertile land into arid desert due to a combination of natural processes and human activities.
Developing country
A developing country is a sovereign state with a less developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
See China and Developing country
Dictatorship
A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no limitations.
Dong Fang Hong 1
Dong Fang Hong 1, in the western world also known as China 1 or PRC 1, was the first space satellite of the People's Republic of China (PRC), launched successfully on 24 April 1970 as part of the PRC's Dongfanghong space satellite program.
See China and Dong Fang Hong 1
Dongguan
Dongguan is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong Province, China.
Dotdash Meredith
Dotdash Meredith (formerly The Mining Company, About.com and Dotdash) is an American digital media company based in New York City.
See China and Dotdash Meredith
Dragon boat
A dragon boat is a human-powered watercraft originating from the Pearl River Delta region of China's southern Guangdong Province.
Dream of the Red Chamber
Dream of the Red Chamber or The Story of the Stone is an 18th-century Chinese novel authored by Cao Xueqin, considered to be one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature.
See China and Dream of the Red Chamber
Dry season
The dry season was a yearly period of low rainfall, especially in the tropics.
Du Fu
Du Fu (712–770) was a Chinese poet and politician during the Tang dynasty.
See China and Du Fu
Duarte Barbosa
Duarte Barbosa (c. 14801 May 1521) was a Portuguese writer and officer from Portuguese India (between 1500 and 1516).
Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)
The Dungan Revolt (1862–1877), also known as the Tongzhi Hui Revolt (Xiao'erjing: تُجِ خُوِ لُوًا, Тунҗы Хуэй Луан) or Hui (Muslim) Minorities War, was a war fought in 19th-century western China, mostly during the reign of the Tongzhi Emperor (r. 1861–1875) of the Qing dynasty.
See China and Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)
Dust storm
A dust storm, also called a sandstorm, is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions.
Dynasties of China
For most of its history, China was organized into various dynastic states under the rule of hereditary monarchs.
See China and Dynasties of China
Dzungar Khanate
The Dzungar Khanate, also written as the Zunghar Khanate or Junggar Khanate, was an Inner Asian khanate of Oirat Mongol origin.
East Asia Summit
The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a regional forum held annually by leaders of, initially, 16 countries in the East Asian, Southeast Asian, South Asian and Oceanian regions, based on the ASEAN Plus Six mechanism.
See China and East Asia Summit
East China
East China is a geographical region that covers the eastern coastal area of China.
East China Sea
The East China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean, located directly offshore from East China.
Education in China
Education in China is primarily managed by the state-run public education system, which falls under the Ministry of Education.
See China and Education in China
Eight Elders
The Eight Great Eminent Officials, abbreviated as the Eight Elders, were a group of elderly members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) who held substantial power in the last two decades of the 20th century.
Eight-Nation Alliance
The Eight-Nation Alliance was a multinational military coalition that invaded northern China in 1900 during the Boxer Rebellion, with the stated aim of relieving the foreign legations in Beijing, which was being besieged by the popular Boxer militiamen, who were determined to remove foreign imperialism in China.
See China and Eight-Nation Alliance
Emerging market
An emerging market (or an emerging country or an emerging economy) is a market that has some characteristics of a developed market, but does not fully meet its standards.
Emperor Hui of Jin
Emperor Hui of Jin (259 – January 8, 307), personal name Sima Zhong (司馬衷), courtesy name Zhengdu (正度), was the second emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420).
See China and Emperor Hui of Jin
Emperor Huizong of Song
Emperor Huizong of Song (7 June 1082 – 4 June 1135), personal name Zhao Ji, was the eighth emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the penultimate emperor of the Northern Song dynasty.
See China and Emperor Huizong of Song
Emperor of China
Throughout Chinese history, "Emperor" was the superlative title held by the monarchs who ruled various imperial dynasties or Chinese empires.
See China and Emperor of China
Emperor Wu of Song
Emperor Wu of (Liu) Song ((劉)宋武帝; 16 April 363– 26 June 422), personal name Liu Yu (劉裕), courtesy name Dexing (德興), childhood name Jinu (寄奴),(皇考以高祖生有奇異，名為奇奴。皇妣既殂，養于舅氏，改為寄奴焉。) Song Shu, vol.
See China and Emperor Wu of Song
Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei
Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝文帝) (October 13, 467 – April 26, 499), personal name Tuoba Hong (拓拔宏), later Yuan Hong (元宏), was an emperor of China's Northern Wei dynasty, reigning from September 20, 471 to April 26, 499.
See China and Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei
Empire of China (1915–1916)
The Empire of China, also known in historiography as the Hongxian Monarchy, was a short-lived attempt by Chinese president Yuan Shikai from late 1915 to early 1916 to reinstate the monarchy in China, with himself as emperor.
See China and Empire of China (1915–1916)
Empire of Japan
The Empire of Japan, also referred to as the Japanese Empire, Imperial Japan, or simply Japan, was the Japanese nation-state that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the reformed Constitution of Japan in 1947.
Empress Dowager Cixi
Empress Dowager Cixi (29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908) was a Manchu noblewoman of the Yehe Nara clan who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty as empress dowager and regent for almost 50 years, from 1861 until her death in 1908.
See China and Empress Dowager Cixi
Encounter Books
Encounter Books is a book publisher in the United States known for publishing conservative authors.
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See China and Encyclopædia Britannica
End of the Han dynasty
The end of the Han dynasty was the period of Chinese history from 189 to 220 CE, roughly coinciding with the tumultuous reign of the Han dynasty's last ruler, Emperor Xian.
See China and End of the Han dynasty
Erlitou culture
The Erlitou culture was an early Bronze Age society and archaeological culture.
Ernst & Young
Ernst & Young Global Limited, trade name EY, is a multinational professional services partnership.
Erosion
Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust and then transports it to another location where it is deposited.
Esports
Esports, short for electronic sports, is a form of competition using video games.
Expressways of China
The expressway network of China, with the national-level expressway system officially known as the National Trunk Highway System (abbreviated as NTHS), is an integrated system of national and provincial-level expressways in China.
See China and Expressways of China
Extraterritoriality
In international law, extraterritoriality or exterritoriality is the state of being exempted from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations.
See China and Extraterritoriality
Far side of the Moon
The far side of the Moon is the lunar hemisphere that always faces away from Earth, opposite to the near side, because of synchronous rotation in the Moon's orbit.
See China and Far side of the Moon
Feng shui
Feng shui, sometimes called Chinese geomancy, is a traditional practice that originated in Ancient China and claims to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their surrounding environment.
Financial centre
A financial centre (financial center in American English) or financial hub is a location with a significant concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance, and financial markets, with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place.
See China and Financial centre
Financial Times
The Financial Times (FT) is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and also published digitally that focuses on business and economic current affairs.
First Sino-Japanese War
The First Sino-Japanese War (25 July 1894 – 17 April 1895) or the First China–Japan War was a conflict between the Qing dynasty and the Empire of Japan primarily over influence in Korea.
See China and First Sino-Japanese War
First United Front
The First United Front (alternatively), also known as the KMT–CCP Alliance, of the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), was formed in 1924 as an alliance to end warlordism in China.
See China and First United Front
Five Barbarians
The Five Barbarians, or Wu Hu, is a Chinese historical exonym for five ancient non-Han "Hu" peoples who immigrated to northern China in the Eastern Han dynasty, and then overthrew the Western Jin dynasty and established their own kingdoms in the 4th–5th centuries.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was an era of political upheaval and division in Imperial China from 907 to 979.
See China and Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are the Chinese government's foreign relations principles first mentioned in the 1954 Sino-Indian Agreement.
See China and Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
Floruit
Floruit (abbreviated fl. or occasionally flor.; from Latin for "flourished") denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active.
Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database
The Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) website disseminates statistical data collected and maintained by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
See China and Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database
Forbes
Forbes is an American business magazine founded by B. C. Forbes in 1917 and owned by Hong Kong-based investment group Integrated Whale Media Investments since 2014.
See China and Forbes
Forced labour
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families.
Foreign concessions in China
Foreign concessions in China were a group of concessions that existed during the late Imperial China and the Republic of China, which were governed and occupied by foreign powers, and are frequently associated with colonialism and imperialism.
See China and Foreign concessions in China
Foreign direct investment
A foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to purchase of an asset in another country, such that it gives direct control to the purchaser over the asset (e.g. purchase of land and building).
See China and Foreign direct investment
Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy is an American news publication founded in 1970 focused on global affairs, current events, and domestic and international policy.
Four Books and Five Classics
The Four Books and Five Classics are authoritative and important books associated with Confucianism, written before 300 BC.
See China and Four Books and Five Classics
Four Great Inventions
The Four Great Inventions are inventions from ancient China that are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance and as symbols of ancient China's advanced science and technology.
See China and Four Great Inventions
Four Modernizations
The Four Modernizations (simplified Chinese: 四个现代化; traditional Chinese: 四個現代化) were goals formally announced by China's first Premier Zhou Enlai to strengthen the fields of agriculture, industry, defense, science, and technology in China.
See China and Four Modernizations
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. China and France are G20 members, member states of the United Nations and republics.
See China and France
Freedom House
Freedom House is a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C. It is best known for political advocacy surrounding issues of democracy, political freedom, and human rights.
Freedom in the World
Freedom in the World is a yearly survey and report by the U.S.-based non-governmental organization Freedom House that measures the degree of civil liberties and political rights in every nation and significant related and disputed territories around the world.
See China and Freedom in the World
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of peaceful assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right or ability of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas.
See China and Freedom of assembly
Freedom of religion
Freedom of religion or religious liberty is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance.
See China and Freedom of religion
Freedom of religion in China
Freedom of religion in China may be referring to the following entities separated by the Taiwan Strait.
See China and Freedom of religion in China
Freedom of the press
Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the fundamental principle that communication and expression through various media, including printed and electronic media, especially published materials, should be considered a right to be exercised freely.
See China and Freedom of the press
Fujian
Fujian is a province on the southeastern coast of China.
See China and Fujian
Fujian cuisine
Fujian cuisine or Fujianese cuisine, also known as Min cuisine or Hokkien cuisine, is one of the native Chinese cuisines derived from the cooking style of China's Fujian Province, most notably from the provincial capital, Fuzhou.
G20
The G20 or Group of 20 is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 sovereign countries, the European Union (EU), and the African Union (AU).
See China and G20
Gan Chinese
Gan, Gann or Kan is a group of Sinitic languages spoken natively by many people in the Jiangxi province of China, as well as significant populations in surrounding regions such as Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, and Fujian.
Gang of Four
The Gang of Four was a Maoist political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials.
Gaokao
The Nationwide Unified Examination for Admissions to General Universities and Colleges, commonly abbreviated as Gaokao, is the annual national undergraduate admission exam of China, held in early June.
See China and Gaokao
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
The General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, is the leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
See China and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
Geography of China
China has great physical diversity.
See China and Geography of China
Geography of Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is an island country in East Asia.
See China and Geography of Taiwan
Gini coefficient
In economics, the Gini coefficient, also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality, the wealth inequality, or the consumption inequality within a nation or a social group.
See China and Gini coefficient
Glacier
A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving downhill under its own weight.
Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radio navigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force.
See China and Global Positioning System
GLONASS
GLONASS (label,; t) is a Russian satellite navigation system operating as part of a radionavigation-satellite service.
Goguryeo
Goguryeo (37 BC – 668 AD) (high castle; Old Korean: Guryeo) also later known as Goryeo (high and beautiful; Middle Korean: 고ᇢ롕〮, kwòwlyéy), was a Korean kingdom which was located on the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of modern-day Northeast China (Manchuria).
Grand Canal (China)
The Grand Canal is a system of interconnected canals linking various major rivers in North and East China, serving as an important waterborne transport infrastructure between the north and the south during Medieval and premodern China.
See China and Grand Canal (China)
Grassland
A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae).
Great Chinese Famine
The Great Chinese Famine was a famine that occurred between 1959 and 1961 in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
See China and Great Chinese Famine
Great Divergence
The Great Divergence or European miracle is the socioeconomic shift in which the Western world (i.e. Western Europe and the parts of the New World where its people became the dominant populations) overcame pre-modern growth constraints and emerged during the 19th century as the most powerful and wealthy world civilizations, eclipsing previously dominant or comparable civilizations from the Middle East and Asia such as Qing China, Mughal India, the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Iran, and Tokugawa Japan, among others.
See China and Great Divergence
Great Hall of the People
The Great Hall of the People is a state building located at the western edge of Tiananmen Square in Xicheng, Beijing.
See China and Great Hall of the People
Great Lakes
The Great Lakes (Grands Lacs), also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the east-central interior of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River.
Great Leap Forward
The Great Leap Forward was an economic and social campaign within the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 1958 to 1962, led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
See China and Great Leap Forward
Great power
A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.
Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China (literally "ten thousand ''li'' long wall") is a series of fortifications that were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against various nomadic groups from the Eurasian Steppe.
See China and Great Wall of China
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries.
See China and Gross domestic product
Guan Yu
Guan Yu, courtesy name Yunchang, was a Chinese military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Guangxu Emperor
The Guangxu Emperor (14 August 1871 – 14 November 1908), also known by his temple name Emperor Dezong of Qing, personal name Zaitian, was the tenth emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the ninth Qing emperor to rule over China proper.
Guangzhou
Guangzhou, previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China.
Guangzhou Metro
The Guangzhou Metro (and) is the rapid transit system of the city of Guangzhou in the Guangdong Province of China.
Guizhou
Guizhou is an inland province in Southwestern China.
Gulf of Tonkin
The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and South China.
Gunpowder
Gunpowder, also commonly known as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive.
Haijin
The Haijin (海禁) or sea ban were a series of related isolationist policies in China restricting private maritime trading and coastal settlement during most of the Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty.
See China and Haijin
Hainan
Hainan is an island province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of the eponymous Hainan Island and various smaller islands in the South China Sea under the province's administration.
See China and Hainan
Hakka Chinese
Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:,; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ) forms a language group of varieties of Chinese, spoken natively by the Hakka people in parts of Southern China, Taiwan, some diaspora areas of Southeast Asia and in overseas Chinese communities around the world.
Han Chinese
The Han Chinese or the Han people, or colloquially known as the Chinese are an East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China.
Han dynasty
The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu.
Han Zheng
Han Zheng (born 22 April 1954) is a Chinese politician who since 2023 has served as the vice president of China.
Han–Xiongnu War
The Han–Xiongnu War,.
Handover of Hong Kong
The handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China was at midnight on 1 July 1997.
See China and Handover of Hong Kong
Handover of Macau
The handover of Macau from the Portuguese Republic to the People's Republic of China was at midnight on 20 December 1999.
See China and Handover of Macau
Hangzhou
Hangzhou is the capital of Zhejiang, China. It is located in the northeastern part of the province, sitting at the head of Hangzhou Bay, which separates Shanghai and Ningbo. As of 2022, the Hangzhou metropolitan area was estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (nominal) of 4 trillion yuan (US$590 billion), making it larger than the economy of Sweden.
Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.
See China and Harvard University Press
Head of government
In the executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments.
See China and Head of government
Heavy industry
Heavy industry is an industry that involves one or more characteristics such as large and heavy products; large and heavy equipment and facilities (such as heavy equipment, large machine tools, huge buildings and large-scale infrastructure); or complex or numerous processes.
Heidelberg University
Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis), is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
See China and Heidelberg University
Henan
Henan is an inland province of China.
See China and Henan
Hierarchy
A hierarchy (from Greek:, from, 'president of sacred rites') is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) that are represented as being "above", "below", or "at the same level as" one another.
High tech
High technology (high tech or high-tech), also known as advanced technology (advanced tech) or exotechnology, is technology that is at the cutting edge: the highest form of technology available.
Himalayas
The Himalayas, or Himalaya.
Hindus
Hindus (also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma.
See China and Hindus
History of China
The history of China spans several millennia across a wide geographical area.
See China and History of China
History of Chinese currency
The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years.
See China and History of Chinese currency
History of India
Anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Indian subcontinent between 73,000 and 55,000 years ago.
See China and History of India
History of printing in East Asia
Printing in East Asia originated in China, evolving from ink rubbings made on paper or cloth from texts on stone tablets, used during the sixth century.
See China and History of printing in East Asia
Hmong–Mien languages
The Hmong–Mien languages (also known as Miao–Yao and rarely as Yangtzean) are a highly tonal language family of southern China and northern Southeast Asia.
See China and Hmong–Mien languages
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. China and Hong Kong are countries and territories where Chinese is an official language and people's Republic of China.
Hong Kong cuisine
Hong Kong cuisine is mainly influenced by Cantonese cuisine, European cuisines (especially British cuisine) and non-Cantonese Chinese cuisines (especially Hakka, Teochew, Hokkien and Shanghainese), as well as Japanese, Korean and Southeast Asian cuisines, due to Hong Kong's past as a British colony and a long history of being an international port of commerce.
See China and Hong Kong cuisine
Hong Kong dollar
The Hong Kong dollar (sign: HK$; code: HKD) is the official currency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
See China and Hong Kong dollar
Hong Kong Stock Exchange
--> The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (香港交易所, SEHK, also known as Hong Kong Stock Exchange) is a stock exchange based in Hong Kong.
See China and Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Hongwu Emperor
Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328– 24 June 1398), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Ming, personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, courtesy name Guorui, was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1368 to 1398.
Horn of Africa
The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.
Horse racing
Horse racing is an equestrian performance activity, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys (or sometimes driven without riders) over a set distance for competition.
Hu Jintao
Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese retired politician who served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the president of China from 2003 to 2013, and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) from 2004 to 2012.
Hu Shih
Hu Shih (17 December 189124 February 1962) was a Chinese diplomat, essayist and fiction writer, literary scholar, philosopher, and politician.
Hua Guofeng
Hua Guofeng (born Su Zhu; 16 February 1921 – 20 August 2008) was a Chinese politician who served as Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and Premier of China.
Huawei
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. is a Chinese multinational digital communications technology conglomerate corporation headquartered in Bantian, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong.
See China and Huawei
Hui people
The Hui people (回族|p.
Huizhou Chinese
Huizhou Chinese, or the Hui dialect, is a group of closely related Sinitic languages spoken over a small area in and around the historical region of Huizhou (for which it is named), in about ten or so mountainous counties in southern Anhui, plus a few more in neighbouring Zhejiang and Jiangxi.
Human rights in China
Human rights in China are periodically reviewed by international bodies, such as human rights treaty bodies and the United Nations Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review.
See China and Human rights in China
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.
See China and Human Rights Watch
Humanism
Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry.
Hunan cuisine
Hunan cuisine, also known as Xiang cuisine, consists of the cuisines of the Xiang River region, Dongting Lake and western Hunan Province in China.
Hundred Days' Reform
The Hundred Days' Reform or Wuxu Reform was a failed 103-day national, cultural, political, and educational reform movement that occurred from 11 June to 22 September 1898 during the late Qing dynasty.
See China and Hundred Days' Reform
Imperial examination
The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy.
See China and Imperial examination
India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia. China and India are BRICS nations, countries in Asia, G20 members and member states of the United Nations.
See China and India
India Today
India Today is a weekly Indian English-language news magazine published by Living Media India Limited.
Individualism
Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, and social outlook that emphasizes the intrinsic worth of the individual.
Indo-European languages
The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.
See China and Indo-European languages
Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms.
See China and Indomalayan realm
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. China and Indonesia are countries in Asia, G20 members, member states of the United Nations and republics.
Industrialisation
Industrialisation (UK) or industrialization (US) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society.
See China and Industrialisation
Infant mortality
Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday.
See China and Infant mortality
Inner Asia
Inner Asia refers to the northern and landlocked regions spanning North, Central and East Asia.
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China.
Intellectual property in China
Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have been acknowledged and protected in China since 1980.
See China and Intellectual property in China
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability.
See China and International Monetary Fund
International Security (journal)
International Security is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of international and national security.
See China and International Security (journal)
Internet censorship in China
China censors both the publishing and viewing of online material.
See China and Internet censorship in China
Iron rice bowl
"Iron rice bowl" is a Chinese term for an occupation with guaranteed job security, similar to life tenure.
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
See China and Islam
Islam in China
Islam has been practiced in China since the 7th century CE.
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland. China and Japan are countries in Asia, east Asian countries, G20 members, member states of the United Nations and northeast Asian countries.
See China and Japan
Japanese architecture
has been typified by wooden structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with tiled or thatched roofs.
See China and Japanese architecture
Japanese invasion of Manchuria
The Empire of Japan's Kwantung Army invaded the Manchuria region of the Republic of China on 18 September 1931, immediately following the Mukden incident.
See China and Japanese invasion of Manchuria
Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
The Japanese invasions of Korea, commonly known as the Imjin War, involved two separate yet linked invasions: an initial invasion in 1592, a brief truce in 1596, and a second invasion in 1597.
See China and Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
Japanese war crimes
During its imperial era, the Empire of Japan committed numerous war crimes and crimes against humanity across various Asian-Pacific nations, notably during the Second Sino-Japanese and Pacific Wars.
See China and Japanese war crimes
Jiahu
Jiahu was the site of a Neolithic settlement based in the central plain of ancient China, near the Yellow River.
See China and Jiahu
Jiang Zemin
Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003.
Jiangsu cuisine
Jiangsu cuisine, also known as Su cuisine, is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of Chinese cuisine.
Jiangxi
Jiangxi is an inland province in the east of the People's Republic of China.
Jin Chinese
Jin is a group of Chinese linguistic varieties spoken by roughly 48 million people in northern China, including most of Shanxi province, much of central Inner Mongolia, and adjoining areas in Hebei, Henan, and Shaanxi provinces.
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
The Jin dynasty, officially known as the Great Jin, was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 1115 and 1234 founded by Emperor Taizu (first).
See China and Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (266–420)
The Jin dynasty or Jin Empire, sometimes distinguished as the or the, was an imperial dynasty in China that existed from 266 to 420.
See China and Jin dynasty (266–420)
Jin Yong
Louis Cha Leung-yung (10 March 1924 – 30 October 2018), better known by his pen name Jin Yong, was a Hong Kong wuxia novelist.
Journey to the West
Journey to the West is a Chinese novel published in the 16th century during the Ming dynasty and attributed to Wu Cheng'en.
See China and Journey to the West
Juniper
Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae.
Kaifeng
Kaifeng is a prefecture-level city in east-central Henan province, China.
Kam language
The Kam or Gam language (lix Gaeml), also known as Dong, is a Kam–Sui language spoken by the Dong people.
Karakoram
The Karakoram is a mountain range in the Kashmir region spanning the border of Pakistan, China, and India, with the northwestern extremity of the range extending to Afghanistan and Tajikistan.
Kashmir
Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.
Kazakh language
Kazakh or Qazaq is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken in Central Asia by Kazakhs.
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country mostly in Central Asia, with a part in Eastern Europe. China and Kazakhstan are countries in Asia, member states of the United Nations and republics.
Kinmen
Kinmen, alternatively known as Quemoy, is a group of islands governed as a county by the Republic of China (Taiwan), only east from the city of Xiamen in Fujian, located at the southeastern coast of the People's Republic of China, from which they are separated by Xiamen Bay.
See China and Kinmen
Korea
Korea (translit in South Korea, or label in North Korea) is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula (label in South Korea, or label in North Korea), Jeju Island, and smaller islands.
See China and Korea
Korean architecture
Korean architecture refers to an architectural style that developed over centuries in Korea.
See China and Korean architecture
Korean language
Korean (South Korean: 한국어, Hangugeo; North Korean: 조선말, Chosŏnmal) is the native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Korean descent.
Kra–Dai languages
The Kra–Dai languages (also known as Tai–Kadai and Daic), are a language family in mainland Southeast Asia, southern China, and northeastern India.
See China and Kra–Dai languages
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially based on the Chinese mainland and then in Taiwan since 1949.
Kyrgyz language
Kyrgyz is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken in Central Asia.
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia, lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges. China and Kyrgyzstan are countries in Asia, member states of the United Nations and republics.
Landscape painting
Landscape painting, also known as landscape art, is the depiction in painting of natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, rivers, trees, and forests, especially where the main subject is a wide view—with its elements arranged into a coherent composition.
See China and Landscape painting
Laogai
Laogai, short for láodòng gǎizào (劳动改造), which means reform through labor, is a criminal justice system involving the use of penal labor and prison farms in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
See China and Laogai
Laos
Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country and one of the two Marxist-Leninist states in Southeast Asia. China and Laos are communist states, countries in Asia, member states of the United Nations, one-party states, republics and states and territories established in 1949.
See China and Laos
Latitude
In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body.
Legalism (Chinese philosophy)
Fajia, or the School of fa (laws,methods), often translated as Legalism, is a school of mainly Warring States period classical Chinese philosophy, whose ideas contributed greatly to the formation of the bureaucratic Chinese empire, and Daoism as prominent in the early Han.
See China and Legalism (Chinese philosophy)
Lhasa Tibetan
Lhasa Tibetan, or Standard Tibetan, is the Tibetan dialect spoken by educated people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region.
Li Bai
Li Bai (701–762), formerly pronounced Li Bo, courtesy name Taibai (太白), was a Chinese poet acclaimed as one of the greatest and most important poets of the Tang dynasty and in Chinese history as a whole.
See China and Li Bai
Li Zicheng
Li Zicheng (22 September 1606 – 1645), born Li Hongji, also known by his nickname, the Dashing King, was a Chinese peasant rebel leader who helped overthrow the Ming dynasty in April 1644 and ruled over northern China briefly as the Yongchang Emperor of the short-lived Shun dynasty before his death a year later.
Liang Yusheng
Chen Wentong (5 April 1924 – 22 January 2009), better known by his pen name Liang Yusheng, was a Chinese-born Australian novelist best known for being a pioneer of the "new school" of the wuxia genre in the 20th century.
Library of Alexandria
The Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world.
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Library of Congress Country Studies
The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the United States Library of Congress, freely available for use by researchers.
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Lingua franca
A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.
Linxia City
Linxia City (Xiao'erjing: لٍِثِيَا شِ), once known as Hezhou (Xiao'erjing: حَجِوْ), is a county-level city in the province of Gansu, China and the capital of the multi-ethnic Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture.
Linyi
Linyi is a prefecture-level city in the south of Shandong province, China.
See China and Linyi
List of airports in China
This is the list of public airports in the People's Republic of China grouped by provincial level division and sorted by main city or county served.
See China and List of airports in China
List of busiest container ports
This article lists the world's busiest container ports (ports with container terminals that specialize in handling goods transported in intermodal shipping containers), by total number of twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) transported through the port.
See China and List of busiest container ports
List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita
The article is about China's first-level administrative divisions by their gross domestic product per capita in main years.
See China and List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita
List of Chinese astronauts
This is a list of Chinese astronauts, sometimes called taikonauts.
See China and List of Chinese astronauts
List of Chinese musical instruments
Chinese musical instruments are traditionally grouped into eight categories known as (八音). The eight categories are silk, bamboo, wood, stone, metal, clay, gourd and skin; other instruments considered traditional exist that may not fit these groups. The grouping of instruments in material categories in China is one of the first musical groupings ever devised.
See China and List of Chinese musical instruments
List of cities in China by population
As of 2023, the five largest cities in China by population are Chongqing (31.91 million), Shanghai (24.87 million), Beijing (21.86 million), Chengdu (21.403 million) and Guangzhou (18.827 million).
See China and List of cities in China by population
List of countries and dependencies by area
This is a list of the world's countries and their dependencies by land, water, and total area, ranked by total area.
See China and List of countries and dependencies by area
List of countries and territories by number of land borders
This list gives the number of distinct land borders of each country or territory, as well as the neighboring countries and territories.
See China and List of countries and territories by number of land borders
List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions
This is a list of sovereign states and territories by carbon dioxide emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on the created by European Commission and Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
See China and List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions
List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita
This is a list of sovereign states and territories by per capita carbon dioxide emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on the created by European Commission.
See China and List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita
List of countries by exports
The following article lists different countries and territories by their exports according to data from the World Bank.
See China and List of countries by exports
List of countries by GDP (nominal)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year.
See China and List of countries by GDP (nominal)
List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
The figures presented here do not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency.
See China and List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
List of countries by GDP (PPP)
GDP (PPP) means gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity.
See China and List of countries by GDP (PPP)
List of countries by imports
This is a list of countries by imports, based on the International Trade Centre, except for the European Union.
See China and List of countries by imports
List of countries by number of billionaires
This is a list of countries by their number of billionaire residents, based on annual assessments of the net worth in United States Dollars of wealthy individuals worldwide.
See China and List of countries by number of billionaires
List of countries by rail transport network size
This list of countries by rail transport network size based on length of rail lines.
See China and List of countries by rail transport network size
List of countries by rail usage
This is a list of countries by rail usage.
See China and List of countries by rail usage
List of countries by total fertility rate
This is a list of all sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate (TFR): the expected number of children born per woman in her child-bearing years.
See China and List of countries by total fertility rate
List of countries with highest military expenditures
This is a list of countries with the highest military expenditure in a given year.
See China and List of countries with highest military expenditures
List of diplomatic missions of China
This is a list of diplomatic missions of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
See China and List of diplomatic missions of China
List of ethnic groups in China
The Han people are the largest ethnic group in mainland China.
See China and List of ethnic groups in China
List of longest bridges
This is a list of the world's longest bridges that are more than in length sorted by their full length above land and water.
See China and List of longest bridges
List of major stock exchanges
This is a list of major stock exchanges.
See China and List of major stock exchanges
List of metro systems
This list of metro systems includes electrified rapid transit train systems worldwide.
See China and List of metro systems
List of political parties in China
The People's Republic of China is a one-party state ruled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
See China and List of political parties in China
List of protected areas of China
This is a list of the nationally designated protected areas of China.
See China and List of protected areas of China
List of regions by past GDP (PPP)
These are lists of regions and countries by their estimated real gross domestic product (GDP) in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a country/region in a given year.
See China and List of regions by past GDP (PPP)
List of states with nuclear weapons
Eight sovereign states have publicly announced successful detonation of nuclear weapons.
See China and List of states with nuclear weapons
List of universities and colleges in China
There are many higher education institutions in China.
See China and List of universities and colleges in China
Liu Song dynasty
Song, known as Liu Song, Former Song (前宋) or Song of (the) Southern dynasties (南朝宋) in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the first of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period.
See China and Liu Song dynasty
Long March
The Long March was a military retreat by the Chinese Red Army from advancing Nationalist forces during the Chinese Civil War in 1934 through to 1936.
Longitude
Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east–west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body.
Los Angeles Times
The Los Angeles Times is a regional American daily newspaper that began publishing in Los Angeles, California in 1881.
See China and Los Angeles Times
Low Earth orbit
A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with a period of 128 minutes or less (making at least 11.25 orbits per day) and an eccentricity less than 0.25.
Lowy Institute
The Lowy Institute is an independent think tank founded in April 2003 by Frank Lowy to conduct original, policy-relevant research regarding international political, strategic and economic issues from an Australian perspective.
Lu Xun
Lu Xun (25 September 188119 October 1936), born Zhou Zhangshou, was a Chinese writer, literary critic, lecturer, and state servant.
See China and Lu Xun
Macanese pataca
The Macanese pataca or Macau pataca (pataca de Macau; sign: $; abbreviation: P; ISO code: MOP) is the currency of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.
Macau
Macau or Macao is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. China and Macau are countries and territories where Chinese is an official language and people's Republic of China.
See China and Macau
Magic realism
Magic realism, magical realism or marvelous realism is a style or genre of fiction and art that presents a realistic view of the world while incorporating magical elements, often blurring the lines between fantasy and reality.
Mahabharata
The Mahābhārata (महाभारतम्) is one of the two major Smriti texts and Sanskrit epics of ancient India revered in Hinduism, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.
Mainland China
Mainland China is the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War.
Malay language
Malay (Bahasa Melayu, Jawi: بهاس ملايو) is an Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, and that is also spoken in East Timor and parts of Thailand.
Malaysia
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. China and Malaysia are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
Malnutrition
Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems.
Manchu language
Manchu (Manchu:, Romanization) is a critically endangered East Asian Tungusic language native to the historical region of Manchuria in Northeast China.
Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin is a group of Chinese language dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China.
See China and Mandarin Chinese
Mandopop
Mandopop or Mandapop refers to Mandarin popular music.
Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation.
Manusmriti
The Manusmṛti (मनुस्मृति), also known as the Mānava-Dharmaśāstra or the Laws of Manu, is one of the many legal texts and constitutions among the many of Hinduism.
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese politician, Marxist theorist, military strategist, poet, and revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
Maoism
Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China.
See China and Maoism
March of the Volunteers
The "March of the Volunteers", originally titled the "March of the Anti-Manchukuo Counter-Japan Volunteers", has been the official national anthem of the People's Republic of China since 1978.
See China and March of the Volunteers
Martino Martini
Martino Martini (20 September 1614 – 6 June 1661), born and raised in Trento (Prince-Bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire), was a Jesuit missionary.
Marxism–Leninism
Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology that became the largest faction of the communist movement in the world in the years following the October Revolution.
See China and Marxism–Leninism
Matsu Islands
The Matsu Islands, officially Lienchiang County, are an archipelago of 36 islands and islets in the East China Sea governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan), situated alongside the southeastern coast of mainland China.
May Fourth Movement
The May Fourth Movement was a Chinese cultural and anti-imperialist political movement which grew out of student protests in Beijing on May 4, 1919.
See China and May Fourth Movement
Mazu
Mazu or Matsu is a Chinese sea goddess in Chinese folk religion, Chinese Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism.
See China and Mazu
Medication
A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
Megacity
A megacity is a very large city, typically with a population of more than 10 million people.
Megadiverse countries
A megadiverse country is one of a group of nations that harbours the majority of Earth's species and high numbers of endemic species.
See China and Megadiverse countries
Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River is a trans-boundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia.
See China and Mekong
Mental health in China
Mental health in China is a growing issue.
See China and Mental health in China
Meritocracy
Meritocracy (merit, from Latin mereō, and -cracy, from Ancient Greek κράτος 'strength, power') is the notion of a political system in which economic goods or political power are vested in individual people based on ability and talent, rather than wealth, social class, or race.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
Middle school
A middle school, also known as intermediate school, junior high school, junior secondary school, or lower secondary school, is an educational stage between primary school and secondary school.
Migration Policy Institute
The Migration Policy Institute (MPI) is an American non-partisan think tank established in 2001 by Kathleen Newland and Demetrios G. Papademetriou.
See China and Migration Policy Institute
Min Chinese
Min (BUC: Mìng-ngṳ̄) is a broad group of Sinitic languages with about 70 million native speakers.
Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.
Ministry of Ecology and Environment
The Ministry of Ecology and Environment is an executive-department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, responsible for the ecological and environmental affairs.
See China and Ministry of Ecology and Environment
Ministry of Education (China)
The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China is a constituent department of the State Council, responsible for basic education, vocational education, higher education, and other educational affairs throughout the country.
See China and Ministry of Education (China)
Misty Poets
The Misty Poets are a group of 20th-century Chinese poets who reacted against the restrictions on art during the Cultural Revolution.
Mo Yan
Guan Moye (born 5 March 1955), better known by the pen name Mo Yan, is a Chinese novelist and short story writer.
See China and Mo Yan
Modern language
A modern language is any human language that is currently in use as a native language.
Mongolia
Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. China and Mongolia are countries in Asia, east Asian countries, member states of the United Nations, northeast Asian countries and republics.
Mongolian language
Mongolian is the principal language of the Mongolic language family that originated in the Mongolian Plateau.
See China and Mongolian language
Mongolian wrestling
Mongolian wrestling, known as Bökh (Mongolian script:; Mongolian Cyrillic: Бөхor Үндэсний бөх), is the folk wrestling style of Mongols in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and other regions where touching the ground with anything other than a foot loses the match.
See China and Mongolian wrestling
Mongols in China
Mongols in China, also known as Chinese Mongolians, are ethnic Mongols who live in China.
See China and Mongols in China
Monsoon
A monsoon is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscillation of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) between its limits to the north and south of the equator.
Monthly Review
The Monthly Review is an independent socialist magazine published monthly in New York City.
Moon landing
A Moon landing or lunar landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon, including both crewed and robotic missions.
Moose
The moose ('moose'; used in North America) or elk ('elk' or 'elks'; used in Eurasia) (Alces alces) is the world's tallest, largest and heaviest extant species of deer and the only species in the genus Alces.
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Mount Everest
Mount Everest is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.
Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. China and Myanmar are countries in Asia, member states of the United Nations and republics.
Nanjing
Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu province in eastern China. The city has 11 districts, an administrative area of, and a population of 9,423,400. Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949, and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports.
Nanjing Massacre
The Nanjing Massacre or the Rape of Nanjing (formerly romanized as Nanking) was the mass murder of Chinese civilians in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China, immediately after the Battle of Nanking and the retreat of the National Revolutionary Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War, by the Imperial Japanese Army.
See China and Nanjing Massacre
Nanyue
Nanyue, was an ancient kingdom founded in 204 BC by the Chinese general Zhao Tuo, whose family (known in Vietnamese as the Triệu dynasty) continued to rule until 111 BC.
See China and Nanyue
National Basketball Association
The National Basketball Association (NBA) is a professional basketball league in North America composed of 30 teams (29 in the United States and 1 in Canada).
See China and National Basketball Association
National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (literally: Chinese Communist Party National Representatives Congress) is a party congress that is held every five years.
See China and National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
The National Emblem of the People's Republic of China is a national symbol of the People's Republic of China and contains in a red circle a representation of Tiananmen Gate, the entrance gate to the Forbidden City, where Mao Zedong declared the foundation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949.
See China and National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
National Science Foundation
The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering.
See China and National Science Foundation
Nationalist government
The Nationalist government, officially the National Government of the Republic of China, refers to the government of the Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948, led by the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) party.
See China and Nationalist government
Naxi language
Naxi (Naqxi), also known as Nakhi, Nasi, Lomi, Moso, Mo-su, is a Sino-Tibetan language or group of languages spoken by some 310,000 people, most of whom live in or around Lijiang City Yulong Naxi Autonomous County of the province of Yunnan, China.
Neo-Confucianism
Neo-Confucianism (often shortened to lǐxué 理學, literally "School of Principle") is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism, which originated with Han Yu (768–824) and Li Ao (772–841) in the Tang dynasty, and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties under the formulations of Zhu Xi (1130–1200).
See China and Neo-Confucianism
Nepal
Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. China and Nepal are countries in Asia, member states of the United Nations and republics.
See China and Nepal
New Culture Movement
The New Culture Movement was a progressive sociopolitical movement in China during the 1910s and 1920s.
See China and New Culture Movement
Non-governmental organization
A non-governmental organization (NGO) (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government.
See China and Non-governmental organization
Nontheism
Nontheism or non-theism is a range of both religious and non-religious attitudes characterized by the absence of espoused belief in the existence of God or gods.
North China
North China is a geographical region of China, consisting of two direct-administered municipalities (Beijing and Tianjin), two provinces (Hebei and Shanxi), and one autonomous region (Inner Mongolia).
North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. China and North Korea are Atheist states, communist states, countries in Asia, east Asian countries, member states of the United Nations, northeast Asian countries, one-party states, republics and states with limited recognition.
Northeast Asia
Northeast Asia or Northeastern Asia is a geographical subregion of Asia.
Northeast China
Northeast China, also historically called Manchuria or Songliao, is a geographical region of China.
Northern and southern China
Northern China and Southern China are two approximate regions within China.
See China and Northern and southern China
Northern and Southern dynasties
The Northern and Southern dynasties was a period of political division in the history of China that lasted from 420 to 589, following the tumultuous era of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Eastern Jin dynasty.
See China and Northern and Southern dynasties
Northern Expedition
The Northern Expedition was a military campaign launched by the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) of the Kuomintang (KMT) against the Beiyang government and other regional warlords in 1926.
See China and Northern Expedition
Northern Wei
Wei, known in historiography as the Northern Wei, Tuoba Wei, Yuan Wei and Later Wei, was an imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Tuoba (Tabgach) clan of the Xianbei.
Northwestern China
Northwestern China is a geographical region of China which includes three provinces (Shaanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai) and two autonomous regions (Xinjiang and Ningxia).
See China and Northwestern China
Nuosu language
Nuosu or Nosu (transcribed as), also known as Northern Yi, Liangshan Yi, and Sichuan Yi, is the prestige language of the Yi people; it has been chosen by the Chinese government as the standard Yi language and, as such, is the only one taught in schools, both in its oral and written forms.
Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition, sometimes considered a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can potentially have negative effects on health.
Official script
An official script is a writing system that is specifically designated to be official in the constitutions or other applicable laws of countries, states, and other jurisdictions.
One China
One China is a phrase describing the international relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC), situated on the Chinese Mainland, and the Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan.
One country, two systems
"One country, two systems" is a constitutional principle of the People's Republic of China (PRC) describing the governance of the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
See China and One country, two systems
One-party state
A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system. China and one-party state are one-party states.
Opium Wars
The Opium Wars were two conflicts waged between China and Western powers during the mid-19th century.
Oracle bone script
Oracle bone script is the oldest attested form of written Chinese, dating to the late 2nd millennium BC.
See China and Oracle bone script
Overseas Chinese
Overseas Chinese people are those of Chinese birth or ethnicity who reside outside mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau.
See China and Overseas Chinese
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
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Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.
Pagoda
A pagoda is a tiered tower with multiple eaves common to Thailand, Cambodia, Nepal, China, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Vietnam, and other parts of Asia.
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Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. China and Pakistan are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
Palearctic realm
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth.
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Paleolithic
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic, also called the Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology.
Palgrave Macmillan
Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden.
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Pamir Mountains
The Pamir Mountains are a range of mountains between Central Asia and South Asia.
Pangu
Pangu is a primordial being and creation figure in Chinese mythology and Taoism.
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Papermaking
Papermaking is the manufacture of paper and cardboard, which are used widely for printing, writing, and packaging, among many other purposes.
Paramount leader
Paramount leader is an informal term for the most important political figure in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
See China and Paramount leader
Patriotic Health Campaign
The Patriotic Health Campaign, first started in 1952, was a campaign aimed to improve sanitation, hygiene, as well as attack diseases in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
See China and Patriotic Health Campaign
Pax Sinica
Pax Sinica (Latin for "Chinese peace") is a historiographical term referring to periods of peace and stability in East Asia, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia led by China.
Peking Man
Peking Man (Homo erectus pekinensis) is a subspecies of H. erectus which inhabited the Zhoukoudian cave site in modern northern China during the Chibanian.
Peking University
Peking University (abbreviated PKU or Beida) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China.
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Penghu
The Penghu (Hokkien POJ: Phîⁿ-ô͘ or Phêⁿ-ô͘) or Pescadores Islands are an archipelago of 90 islands and islets in the Taiwan Strait, located approximately west of the main island of Taiwan across the Penghu Channel, covering an area of.
See China and Penghu
People's commune
The people's commune was the highest of three administrative levels in rural areas of the People's Republic of China during the period from 1958 to 1983, until they were replaced by townships.
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People's Daily
The People's Daily is the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
People's Liberation Army
The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the military of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Republic of China.
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People's Liberation Army Air Force
The People's Liberation Army Air Force, also referred to as the Chinese Air Force or the People's Air Force, is an aerial service branch of the People's Liberation Army.
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People's Liberation Army Ground Force
The People's Liberation Army Ground Force (PLAGF), or the PLA Army, is the land-based service branch of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), and also its largest and oldest branch.
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People's Liberation Army Navy
The People's Liberation Army Navy, also known as the People's Navy, PLA Navy or simply Chinese Navy, is the naval warfare branch of the People's Liberation Army, the national military of the People's Republic of China.
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People's Liberation Army Rocket Force
The People's Liberation Army Rocket Force, formerly the Second Artillery Corps, is the strategic and tactical missile force of the People's Republic of China.
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Persian language
Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.
See China and Persian language
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.
Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world.
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Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. China and Philippines are countries in Asia, member states of the United Nations and republics.
Physical abuse
Physical abuse is any intentional act causing injury or trauma to another person or animal by way of bodily contact.
Physical fitness
Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations, and daily activities.
See China and Physical fitness
Pinghua
Pinghua refers to various Sinitic language varieties spoken mainly in parts of Guangxi, with some speakers in Hunan.
Pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin, or simply pinyin, is the most common romanization system for Standard Chinese.
See China and Pinyin
Planned economy
A planned economy is a type of economic system where the distribution of goods and services or the investment, production and the allocation of capital goods takes place according to economic plans that are either economy-wide or limited to a category of goods and services.
Plateau
In geology and physical geography, a plateau (plateaus or plateaux), also called a high plain or a tableland, is an area of a highland consisting of flat terrain that is raised sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side.
Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
The Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the highest political body of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
See China and Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), officially the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
See China and Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Porcelain
Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between.
Port of Shanghai
The Port of Shanghai, located in the vicinity of Shanghai, comprises a deep-sea port and a river port.
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Portuguese language
Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
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Premier of China
The premier of China, officially titled the premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, is the head of government of China and leader of the State Council.
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Primary school
A primary school (in Ireland, India, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, South Africa, and Singapore), elementary school, or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary education of children who are 4 to 10 years of age (and in many cases, 11 years of age).
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.
See China and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Progenitor
In genealogy, the progenitor (rarer: primogenitor; Stammvater or Ahnherr) is the – sometimes legendary – founder of a family, line of descent, clan or tribe, noble house, or ethnic group.
Property
Property is a system of rights that gives people legal control of valuable things, and also refers to the valuable things themselves.
Proto-writing
Proto-writing consists of visible marks communicating limited information.
Provinces of China
Provinces (p) are the most numerous type of province-level divisions in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
See China and Provinces of China
Psychological abuse
Psychological abuse, often known as emotional abuse or psychological violence, is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another person to a behavior that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder amongst other psychological problems.
See China and Psychological abuse
Purchasing power parity
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a measure of the price of specific goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries' currencies.
See China and Purchasing power parity
Puyi
Puyi (7 February 190617 October 1967) was the last emperor of China, reigning as the eleventh and final monarch of the Qing dynasty.
See China and Puyi
Qiang language
Qiang language, called Rma (尔玛) or Rme by its speakers, is a Sino-Tibetan language cluster of the Qiangic branch spoken by approximately 140,000 people in north-central Sichuan Province, China.
Qin (state)
Qin (or Ch'in) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty.
Qin dynasty
The Qin dynasty was the first dynasty of Imperial China.
Qin Shi Huang
Qin Shi Huang (February 25912 July 210 BC) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of China.
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history.
Qingdao
Qingdao is a prefecture-level city in eastern Shandong Province of China.
Qufu
Qufu is a city in southwestern Shandong province, East China.
See China and Qufu
Rainforest
Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire.
Re-education through labor
Re-education through labor (RTL), abbreviated laojiao was a system of administrative detention in mainland China.
See China and Re-education through labor
Records of the Grand Historian
Records of the Grand Historian, also known by its Chinese name Shiji, is a monumental history of China that is the first of China's Twenty-Four Histories.
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Red Turban Rebellions
The Red Turban Rebellions were uprisings against the Yuan dynasty between 1351 and 1368, eventually leading to its collapse.
See China and Red Turban Rebellions
Regional power
In international relations, regional power, since the late 20thcentury has been used for a sovereign state that exercises significant power within its geographical region.
Religious persecution
Religious persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or a group of individuals as a response to their religious beliefs or affiliations or their lack thereof.
See China and Religious persecution
Renewable energy
Renewable energy (or green energy) is energy from renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human timescale.
See China and Renewable energy
Renminbi
The renminbi (symbol: ¥; ISO code: CNY; abbreviation: RMB), also known as Chinese Yuan is the official currency of the People's Republic of China.
Retrocession Day
Retrocession Day is the annual observance and former public holiday in Taiwan commemorating the end of Japanese rule of Taiwan and Penghu and the claimed retrocession ("return") of Taiwan to the Republic of China on 25 October 1945.
See China and Retrocession Day
Rhododendron
Rhododendron (rhododendra) is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae).
Richard Eden (translator)
Richard Eden (c. 1520–1576) was an English alchemist and translator.
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Right to a fair trial
A fair trial is a trial which is "conducted fairly, justly, and with procedural regularity by an impartial judge".
See China and Right to a fair trial
River delta
A river delta is a landform shaped like a triangle, created by the deposition of sediment that is carried by a river and enters slower-moving or stagnant water.
Rogue state
"Rogue state" (or sometimes "outlaw state") is a term applied by some international theorists to states that they consider threatening to the world's peace.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a 14th-century historical novel attributed to Luo Guanzhong.
See China and Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Rough Guides
Founded in 1982, Rough Guides Ltd is a British publisher of print and digital guide book, phrasebooks and inspirational travel reference books, and a provider of personalised trips.
Rubber stamp (politics)
A rubber stamp is a political metaphor, referring to a person or institution with considerable de jure power but little de facto power — one that rarely or never disagrees with more powerful organizations.
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Ruijin
Ruijin is a county-level city of Ganzhou in the mountains bordering Fujian Province in the south-eastern part of Jiangxi Province.
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Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. China and Russia are BRICS nations, countries in Asia, G20 members, member states of the United Nations and northeast Asian countries.
See China and Russia
S&P Global
S&P Global Inc. (prior to April 2016 McGraw Hill Financial, Inc., and prior to 2013 The McGraw–Hill Companies, Inc.) is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Manhattan, New York City.
Salar language
Salar is a Turkic language spoken by the Salar people, who mainly live in the provinces of Qinghai and Gansu in China; some also live in Ili, Xinjiang.
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (attributively संस्कृत-,; nominally संस्कृतम्) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages.
Sarikoli language
The Sarikoli language (also Sariqoli, Selekur, Sarikul, Sariqul, Sariköli) is a member of the Pamir subgroup of the Southeastern Iranian languages spoken by the Pamiris of Xinjiang, China.
See China and Sarikoli language
SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the virus SARS-CoV-1, the first identified strain of the SARS-related coronavirus.
See China and SARS
Satellite navigation
A satellite navigation or satnav system is a system that uses satellites to provide autonomous geopositioning.
See China and Satellite navigation
Scarlet fever
Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is an infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a Group A streptococcus (GAS).
Scholar-official
The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats, were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is an umbrella term used to group together the distinct but related technical disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
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Scientific American
Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.
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Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931.
See China and Second Sino-Japanese War
Second United Front
The Second United Front (p) was the alliance between the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to resist the Japanese invasion of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War, which suspended the Chinese Civil War from 1937 to 1945.
See China and Second United Front
Self-Strengthening Movement
The Self-Strengthening Movement, also known as the Westernization or Western Affairs Movement (–1895), was a period of radical institutional reforms initiated in China during the late Qing dynasty following the military disasters of the Opium Wars.
See China and Self-Strengthening Movement
Sexual abuse
Sexual abuse or sex abuse, also referred to as molestation, is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another.
Shaanxi
Shaanxi is an inland province in Northwestern China.
Shandong cuisine
Shandong cuisine, more commonly known in Chinese as Lu cuisine, is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of Chinese cuisine and one of the Four Great Traditions.
See China and Shandong cuisine
Shang dynasty
The Shang dynasty, also known as the Yin dynasty, was a Chinese royal dynasty that ruled in the Yellow River valley during the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Western Zhou dynasty.
Shanghai
Shanghai is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China.
Shanghai Communiqué
The Joint Communiqué of the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, also known as the Shanghai Communiqué (1972), was a diplomatic document issued by the United States of America and the People's Republic of China on February 27, 1972, on the last evening of President Richard Nixon's visit to China.
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Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic, international security and defence organization established by China and Russia in 2001.
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Shanghai maglev train
The Shanghai maglev train (SMT) or Shanghai Transrapid is a magnetic levitation train (maglev) line that operates in Shanghai, China.
See China and Shanghai maglev train
Shanghai massacre
The Shanghai massacre of 12 April 1927, the April 12 Purge or the April 12 Incident as it is commonly known in China, was the violent suppression of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organizations and leftist elements in Shanghai by forces supporting General Chiang Kai-shek and conservative factions in the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party or KMT).
See China and Shanghai massacre
Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro (Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 Di6thiq7) is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, operating urban and suburban transit services to 14 of its 16 municipal districts and to the neighboring township of Huaqiao, in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.
Shanghai Stock Exchange
The Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) is a stock exchange based in the city of Shanghai, China.
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Shaozhou Tuhua
Shaozhou Tuhua (traditional: 韶州土話; simplified: 韶州土话 Sháozhōu Tǔhuà "Shaoguan Tuhua"), also known as Yuebei Tuhua (粤北土话), is an unclassified Chinese variety spoken in northern Guangdong province, China.
Shenzhen
Shenzhen is a city and special economic zone on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary on the central coast of the southern Chinese province of Guangdong, bordering Hong Kong to the south, Dongguan to the north, Huizhou to the northeast, and Macau to the southwest.
Shenzhen Metro
The Shenzhen Metro is the rapid transit system for the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong province, China.
Shenzhen Stock Exchange
The Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) is a stock exchange based in the city of Shenzhen, in the People's Republic of China.
See China and Shenzhen Stock Exchange
Shenzhou 5
Shenzhou 5 (see § Etymology) was the first human spaceflight mission of the Chinese space program, launched on 15 October 2003.
Shijiazhuang
Shijiazhuang is the capital and most populous city of China's Hebei Province.
Shun dynasty
The Shun dynasty, officially the Great Shun, also known as Li Shun, was a short-lived Chinese dynasty that existed during the Ming–Qing transition.
Sichuan cuisine
Sichuan cuisine or Sichuanese cuisine, alternatively romanized as Szechwan cuisine or Szechuan cuisine (Standard Mandarin pronunciation) is a style of Chinese cuisine originating from Sichuan province and the neighboring Chongqing municipality.
Siheyuan
A siheyuan (IPA) is a historical type of residence that was commonly found throughout China, most famously in Beijing and rural Shanxi.
Silk Road
The Silk Road was a network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century.
Simplified Chinese characters
Simplified Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets widely used to write the Chinese language, with the other being traditional characters.
See China and Simplified Chinese characters
Singapore
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. China and Singapore are countries and territories where Chinese is an official language, countries in Asia, member states of the United Nations and republics.
Sinitic languages
The Sinitic languages, often synonymous with the Chinese languages, are a group of East Asian analytic languages that constitute a major branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
See China and Sinitic languages
Sino-Soviet split
The Sino-Soviet split was the gradual worsening of relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during the Cold War.
See China and Sino-Soviet split
Sino-Tibetan languages
Sino-Tibetan, also cited as Trans-Himalayan in a few sources, is a family of more than 400 languages, second only to Indo-European in number of native speakers.
See China and Sino-Tibetan languages
Sinosphere
The Sinosphere, also known as the Chinese cultural sphere, East Asian cultural sphere, or the Sinic world, encompasses multiple countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia that were historically heavily influenced by Chinese culture.
Snooker
Snooker (pronounced) is a cue sport played on a rectangular billiards table covered with a green cloth called baize, with six pockets, one at each corner and one in the middle of each long side.
Socialist market economy
The socialist market economy (SME) is the economic system and model of economic development employed in the People's Republic of China.
See China and Socialist market economy
Sogdia
Sogdia or Sogdiana was an ancient Iranian civilization between the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, and in present-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
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Sohu
Sohu, Inc. is a Chinese Internet company headquartered in the Sohu Internet Plaza in Haidian District, Beijing.
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Son of Heaven
Son of Heaven, or Tianzi, was the sacred monarchial and imperial title of the Chinese sovereign.
Song dynasty
The Song dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279.
South Central China
South Central China or Central-South China (l), is a region of the People's Republic of China defined by the State Council that includes the provinces of Guangdong, Hainan, Henan, Hubei and Hunan, as well as the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; in addition, the two provincial-level special administrative regions (SARs), Hong Kong and Macau, are also included under South Central China.
See China and South Central China
South China Morning Post
The South China Morning Post (SCMP), with its Sunday edition, the Sunday Morning Post, is a Hong Kong-based English-language newspaper owned by Alibaba Group.
See China and South China Morning Post
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean.
South China Sea Islands
The South China Sea Islands consist of over 250 islands, atolls, cays, shoals, reefs and seamounts in the South China Sea.
See China and South China Sea Islands
South–North Water Transfer Project
The South–North Water Transfer Project, also translated as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is a multidecade infrastructure mega-project in China that ultimately aims to channel 44.8 cubic kilometers (44.8 billion cubic meters) of fresh water each year from the Yangtze River in southern China to the more arid and industrialized north through three canal systems.
See China and South–North Water Transfer Project
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is the geographical southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Australian mainland, which is part of Oceania.
Southwestern China
Southwestern China is a region in the south of the People's Republic of China.
See China and Southwestern China
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. China and Soviet Union are communist states.
Soy milk
Soy milk, also known as soya milk or soymilk, is a plant-based drink produced by soaking and grinding soybeans, boiling the mixture, and filtering out remaining particulates.
Space station
A space station (or orbital station) is a spacecraft which remains in orbit and hosts humans for extended periods of time.
Space.com
Space.com is an online publication focused on space exploration, astronomy, skywatching and entertainment, with editorial teams based in the United States and United Kingdom.
Special administrative regions of China
The special administrative regions (SAR) of the People's Republic of China are one of four types of province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China directly under the control of its Central People's Government (State Council), being integral areas of the country.
See China and Special administrative regions of China
Special drawing rights
Special drawing rights (SDRs, code) are supplementary foreign exchange reserve assets defined and maintained by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
See China and Special drawing rights
Special economic zones of China
In justifying opening up and the series of economic reforms that ensued in China, Deng Xiaoping referred to Karl Marx and his theories, which predicted that nations need to undergo urbanization and a stage of capitalism for a natural socialist transition.
See China and Special economic zones of China
Sport in China
Sports in China consists of a variety of competitive sports.
Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period in Chinese history lasted approximately from 770 to 481 BCE which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou period.
See China and Spring and Autumn period
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia. China and Sri Lanka are countries in Asia, member states of the United Nations and republics.
Standard Chinese
Standard Chinese is a modern standard form of Mandarin Chinese that was first codified during the republican era (1912‒1949).
See China and Standard Chinese
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) is the permanent body of the National People's Congress (NPC), the national legislature of the People's Republic of China.
See China and Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Stanford University Press
Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.
See China and Stanford University Press
State capitalism
State capitalism is an economic system in which the state undertakes business and commercial (i.e., for-profit) economic activity and where the means of production are nationalized as state-owned enterprises (including the processes of capital accumulation, centralized management and wage labor).
See China and State capitalism
State Council of the People's Republic of China
The State Council of the People's Republic of China, also known as the Central People's Government, is the chief administrative authority and the national cabinet of China.
See China and State Council of the People's Republic of China
Steel
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with improved strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron.
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Stilt house
Stilt houses (also called pile dwellings or lake dwellings) are houses raised on stilts (or piles) over the surface of the soil or a body of water.
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) is an international institute based in Stockholm.
See China and Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Stunted growth
Stunted growth, also known as stunting or linear growth failure, is defined as impaired growth and development manifested by low height-for-age.
Subtropics
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics.
Sui dynasty
The Sui dynasty was a short-lived Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 581 to 618.
Sun Yat-sen
Sun Yat-sen (12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925),Singtao daily.
Supreme command of the armed forces in the People's Republic of China
In the People's Republic of China (PRC), supreme command of the armed forces is exercised by the Central Military Commission (CMC) of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
See China and Supreme command of the armed forces in the People's Republic of China
Surrender of Japan
The surrender of the Empire of Japan in World War II was announced by Emperor Hirohito on 15 August and formally signed on 2 September 1945, ending the war.
See China and Surrender of Japan
Suzhou
Suzhou (Suzhounese: ''sou¹ tseu¹'', Mandarin), alternately romanized as Soochow, is a major prefecture-level city in Jiangsu province, China.
See China and Suzhou
SWIFT
The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (Swift), legally S.W.I.F.T. SC, is a cooperative established in 1973 in Belgium (Société Coopérative) and owned by the banks and other member firms that use its service.
See China and SWIFT
Table tennis
Table tennis (also known as ping-pong or whiff-whaff) is a racket sport derived from tennis but distinguished by its playing surface being atop a stationary table, rather than the court on which players stand.
Tai chi
Tai chi is an ancient Chinese martial art.
Taipei Times
The Taipei Times is the last surviving English-language print newspaper in Taiwan.
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a civil war in China between the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
See China and Taiping Rebellion
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. China and Taiwan are countries and territories where Chinese is an official language, countries in Asia, east Asian countries, northeast Asian countries, republics and states with limited recognition.
See China and Taiwan
Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China
Taiwan Province, PRC refers to a notional administrative division claimed by the People's Republic of China.
See China and Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China
Taiwanese indigenous peoples
Taiwanese indigenous peoples, also known as Formosans, Native Taiwanese or Austronesian Taiwanese, and formerly as Taiwanese aborigines, Takasago people or Gaoshan people, are the indigenous peoples of Taiwan, with the nationally recognized subgroups numbering about 600,303 or 3% of the island's population.
See China and Taiwanese indigenous peoples
Tajikistan
Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. China and Tajikistan are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
Tajiks of Xinjiang
Chinese Tajiks are ethnic Pamiris who live in the Pamir Mountains of Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County, in Xinjiang, China.
See China and Tajiks of Xinjiang
Taklamakan Desert
The Taklamakan Desert (p, Xiao'erjing: تَاكْلامَاقًا شَاموْ, Такәламаган Шамә; تەكلىماكان قۇملۇقى, Täklimakan Qumluqi; also spelled Teklimakan) is a desert in Southwestern Xinjiang in Northwest China.
See China and Taklamakan Desert
Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty (唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an interregnum between 690 and 705.
Taoism
Taoism or Daoism is a diverse philosophical and religious tradition indigenous to China, emphasizing harmony with the Tao—generally understood as an impersonal, enigmatic process of transformation ultimately underlying reality.
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Taxus
Taxus is a genus of coniferous trees or shrubs known as yews in the family Taxaceae.
See China and Taxus
Telephone numbers in China
Telephone numbers in the People's Republic of China are administered according to the Telecommunications Network Numbering Plan of China.
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Telephone numbers in Hong Kong
Telephone numbers in Hong Kong are mostly eight-digit.
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Telephone numbers in Macau
Telephone numbers in Macau are eight-digit numbers.
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Temple of Heaven
The Temple of Heaven is a complex of imperial religious buildings situated in the southeastern part of central Beijing.
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Tertiary education
Tertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of secondary education.
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Thai language
Thai,In ภาษาไทย| ''Phasa Thai'' or Central Thai (historically Siamese;Although "Thai" and "Central Thai" have become more common, the older term, "Siamese", is still used by linguists, especially when it is being distinguished from other Tai languages (Diller 2008:6).
Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula. China and Thailand are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition.
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The Economist
The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.
The Hollywood Reporter
The Hollywood Reporter (THR) is an American digital and print magazine which focuses on the Hollywood film, television, and entertainment industries.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
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The New Yorker
The New Yorker is an American magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.
The Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), also referred to simply as the Journal, is an American newspaper based in New York City, with a focus on business and finance.
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The Washington Post
The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.
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The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
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Theater (warfare)
In warfare, a theater or theatre is an area in which important military events occur or are in progress.
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Three Gorges Dam
The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric gravity dam that spans the Yangtze River near Sandouping in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, central China, downstream of the Three Gorges.
See China and Three Gorges Dam
Three Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu dominated China from 220 to 280 AD following the end of the Han dynasty.
Three Principles of the People
The Three Principles of the People (also translated as the Three People's Principles, San-min Doctrine, or Tridemism) is a political philosophy developed by Sun Yat-sen as part of a philosophy to improve China made during the Republican Era.
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Three teachings
In Chinese philosophy, the three teachings (tam giáo, Chữ Hán: 三教) are Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism.
Tian
Tian (天) is one of the oldest Chinese terms for heaven and a key concept in Chinese mythology, philosophy, and religion.
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Tian Shan
The Tian Shan, also known as the Tengri Tagh or Tengir-Too, meaning the "Mountains of God/Heaven", is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia.
Tiangong space station
Tiangong, officially the Tiangong space station, is a permanently crewed space station constructed by China and operated by China Manned Space Agency.
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Tianjin
Tianjin is a municipality and metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea.
Tibet Autonomous Region
The Tibet Autonomous Region, officially the Xizang Autonomous Region, often shortened to Tibet or Xizang, is an autonomous region of China and is part of Southwestern China.
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Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism is a form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet, Bhutan and Mongolia.
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Tibetan people
The Tibetan people are an East Asian ethnic group native to Tibet.
Tibetan Plateau
The Tibetan Plateau, also known as Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and Qing–Zang Plateau, is a vast elevated plateau located at the intersection of Central, South, and East Asia covering most of the Tibet Autonomous Region, most of Qinghai, western half of Sichuan, Southern Gansu provinces in Western China, southern Xinjiang, Bhutan, the Indian regions of Ladakh and Lahaul and Spiti (Himachal Pradesh) as well as Gilgit-Baltistan in Pakistan, northwestern Nepal, eastern Tajikistan and southern Kyrgyzstan.
Time in China
The time in China follows a single standard time offset of UTC+08:00 (eight hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time) based on the National Time Service Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences located in Mount Li, Lintong District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, even though the country spans five geographical time zones.
Total fertility rate
The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime, if they were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through their lifetime, and they were to live from birth until the end of their reproductive life.
See China and Total fertility rate
Traditional Chinese medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China.
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Trans-Karakoram Tract
The Trans-Karakoram Tract, also known as the Shaksgam Tract (شکسگام|translit.
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Treaty of Nanking
The Treaty of Nanking was an unequal treaty between Great Britain and the Qing dynasty of China to end the First Opium War (1839–1842), signed on 29 August 1842.
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Treaty of Shimonoseki
The, also known as the Treaty of Maguan in China and in the period before and during World War II in Japan, was an unequal treaty signed at the hotel, Shimonoseki, Japan on April 17, 1895, between the Empire of Japan and Qing China, ending the First Sino-Japanese War.
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Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University is a public university in Haidian, Beijing.
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Turkic languages
The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and West Asia.
See China and Turkic languages
Turpan Depression
The Turpan Depression or Turfan Depression, is a fault-bounded trough located around and south of the city-oasis of Turpan, in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in far Western China, about southeast of the regional capital Ürümqi.
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Twenty-Four Histories
The Twenty-Four Histories, also known as the Orthodox Histories, are the Chinese official dynastic histories covering from the earliest dynasty in 3000 BC to the Ming dynasty in the 17th century.
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Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella typhi.
Understory
In forestry and ecology, understory (American English), or understorey (Commonwealth English), also known as underbrush or undergrowth, includes plant life growing beneath the forest canopy without penetrating it to any great extent, but above the forest floor.
Unequal treaties
The unequal treaties were a series of agreements made between Asian countries (including China and Korea) and foreign powers (including the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the United States, Russia, and Japan) during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Union of Concerned Scientists
The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) is a nonprofit science advocacy organization based in the United States.
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Unitary state
A unitary state is a sovereign state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority.
United front (China)
The united front is a political strategy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) involving networks of groups and key individuals that are influenced or controlled by the CCP and used to advance its interests.
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United Front Work Department
The United Front Work Department (UFWD) is a department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) tasked with "united front work." It gathers intelligence on, manages relations with, and attempts to gain influence over elite individuals and organizations inside and outside mainland China, including in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and in other countries.
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)Programme des Nations unies pour le développement, PNUD is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
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United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 (XXVI)
The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 (also known as the Resolution on Admitting Peking) was passed in response to the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1668 that required any change in China's representation in the UN be determined by a two-thirds vote referring to Article 18 of the UN Charter.
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United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.
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United Nations Statistics Division
The United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), formerly the United Nations Statistical Office, serves under the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) as the central mechanism within the Secretariat of the United Nations to supply the statistical needs and coordinating activities of the global statistical system.
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United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. China and United States are G20 members and member states of the United Nations.
Universal suffrage
Universal suffrage or universal franchise ensures the right to vote for as many people bound by a government's laws as possible, as supported by the "one person, one vote" principle.
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University of British Columbia
The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a public research university with campuses near Vancouver and Okanagan, in British Columbia, Canada.
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University of California, Davis
The University of California, Davis (UC Davis, UCD, or Davis) is a public land-grant research university in Davis, California, United States.
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University of Groningen
The University of Groningen (abbreviated as UG; Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, abbreviated as RUG) is a public research university of more than 30,000 students in the city of Groningen in the Netherlands.
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University of Southern California
The University of Southern California (USC, SC, Southern Cal) is a private research university in Los Angeles, California, United States.
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USA Today
USA Today (often stylized in all caps) is an American daily middle-market newspaper and news broadcasting company.
UTC+08:00
UTC+08:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +08:00.
Uyghur language
Uyghur or Uighur (ئۇيغۇر تىلى, Уйғур тили, Uyghur tili, Uyƣur tili, or ئۇيغۇرچە, Уйғурчә, Uyghurche, Uyƣurqə,, CTA: Uyğurçä; formerly known as Eastern Turki) is a Turkic language written in a Uyghur Perso-Arabic script with 8–13 million speakers, spoken primarily by the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of Western China.
Uyghurs
The Uyghurs, alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia.
Varieties of Chinese
There are hundreds of local Chinese language varieties forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, many of which are not mutually intelligible.
See China and Varieties of Chinese
Vice President of China
The vice president of China, officially titled the vice president of the People's Republic of China, is the deputy to the president of the People's Republic of China, the state representative of China.
See China and Vice President of China
Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country. China and Vietnam are communist states, countries in Asia, member states of the United Nations, one-party states and republics.
W. W. Norton & Company
W.
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Wang Yangming
Wang Shouren (26 October 1472 – 9 January 1529), courtesy name Bo'an, art name Yangmingzi, usually referred to as Wang Yangming, was a Chinese philosopher, general, politician, writer, and calligrapher during the Ming dynasty.
War of the Eight Princes
The War of the Eight Princes, Rebellion of the Eight Kings, or Rebellion of the Eight Princes was a series of coups and civil wars among kings/princes (Chinese: wáng 王) of the Chinese Western Jin dynasty from 291 to 306 AD.
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Warlord Era
The Warlord Era was a period in the history of the Republic of China when control of the country was divided among former military cliques of the Beiyang Army and other regional factions from 1916 to 1928.
Warring States period
The Warring States period was an era in ancient Chinese history characterized by warfare, bureaucratic and military reform, and political consolidation.
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Water Margin
Water Margin is one of the earliest Chinese novels written in vernacular Mandarin.
Water pollution
Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of water bodies, with a negative impact on their uses.
Water resources of China
The water resources of China are affected by both severe water shortages and severe growing population and rapid economic development as well as lax environmental oversight have increased in a large scale the water demand and pollution.
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Western Regions
The Western Regions or Xiyu (Hsi-yü) was a historical name specified in Ancient Chinese chronicles between the 3rd century BC to the 8th century AD that referred to the regions west of the Yumen Pass, most often the Tarim Basin in present-day southern Xinjiang (also known as Altishahr) and Central Asia (specifically the easternmost portion around the Ferghana Valley), though it was sometimes used more generally to refer to other regions to the west of China as well, such as Parthia (which technically belonged to West Asia) and Tianzhu (as in the novel Journey to the West, which refers to the Indian subcontinent in South Asia).
Western Xia
The Western Xia or the Xi Xia (西夏|w.
Western Yugur language
Western Yugur (Western Yugur: yoɣïr lar (Yugur speech) or yoɣïr śoz (Yugur word)) also known as Neo-Uygur is the Turkic language spoken by the Yugur people.
See China and Western Yugur language
Western Zhou
The Western Zhou (771 BC) was a period of Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Zhou dynasty.
White Lotus Rebellion
The White Lotus Rebellion (1794–1804) was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China.
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Wiley (publisher)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
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Willamette University College of Law
The Willamette University College of Law is the law school of Willamette University.
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Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (WWICS) or Wilson Center is a Washington, D.C.-based think tank named for former U.S. President Woodrow Wilson.
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World economy
The world economy or global economy is the economy of all humans in the world, referring to the global economic system, which includes all economic activities conducted both within and between nations, including production, consumption, economic management, work in general, financial transactions and trade of goods and services.
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
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World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.
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World Heritage Sites by country
As of July 2024, there are a total of 1,223 World Heritage Sites located across 168 countries, of which 952 are cultural, 231 are natural, and 40 are mixed properties.
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World Intellectual Property Organization
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO; Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle (OMPI)) is one of the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN).
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World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland that regulates and facilitates international trade.
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World Values Survey
The World Values Survey (WVS) is a global research project that explores people's values and beliefs, how they change over time, and what social and political impact they have.
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World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Written Chinese
Written Chinese is a writing system that uses Chinese characters and other symbols to represent the Chinese languages.
Written vernacular Chinese
Written vernacular Chinese, also known as baihua, comprises forms of written Chinese based on the vernacular varieties of the language spoken throughout China.
See China and Written vernacular Chinese
Wu Chinese
Wu (Wu romanization and IPA:ngu ngei, (Shanghainese), (Suzhounese), Mandarin) is a major group of Sinitic languages spoken primarily in Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, and the part of Jiangsu Province south of the Yangtze River, which makes up the cultural region of Wu.
Wu Sangui
Wu Sangui (8 June 1612 – 2 October 1678), courtesy name Changbai (長白) or Changbo (長伯), was a Chinese military leader who played a key role in the fall of the Ming dynasty and the founding of the Qing dynasty.
Wuhan
Wuhan is the capital of Hubei Province of China.
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Wuxia
italic (武俠, literally "martial arts and chivalry") is a genre of Chinese fiction concerning the adventures of martial artists in ancient China.
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Xi Jinping
Xi Jinping (or often;, pronounced; born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has been the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), and thus the paramount leader of China, since 2012.
Xi River
The Xi River or Si-Kiang is the western tributary of the Pearl River in southern China.
Xi'an
Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province.
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Xia dynasty
The Xia dynasty is the first dynasty in traditional Chinese historiography.
Xianbei
The Xianbei were an ancient nomadic people that once resided in the eastern Eurasian steppes in what is today Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeastern China.
Xiang Chinese
Xiang or Hsiang (Chinese: 湘; Changsha Xiang:, Mandarin), also known as Hunanese, is a group of linguistically similar and historically related Sinitic languages, spoken mainly in Hunan province but also in northern Guangxi and parts of neighboring Guizhou, Guangdong, Sichuan, Jiangxi and Hubei provinces.
Xianyang
Xianyang is a prefecture-level city in central Shaanxi province, situated on the Wei River a few kilometers upstream (west) from the provincial capital of Xi'an.
Xinhua News Agency
Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation),J.
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Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture
Xishuangbanna, sometimes shortened to Banna, is an autonomous prefecture for Dai people in the extreme south of Yunnan Province, China, bordering both Myanmar and Laos.
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Xungen movement
The Xúngēn movement is a cultural and literary movement in mainland China emphasizing local and minority cultures.
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.
See China and Yale University Press
Yalu River
The Yalu River or Amnok River is a river on the border between China and North Korea.
Yan Huang Zisun
Yan Huang Zisun, or descendants of Yan and Yellow Emperors, is a term that represents the Chinese people and refers to an ethnocultural identity based on a common ancestry associated with a mythological origin.
Yan Ruoqu
Yan Ruoqu (November 11, 1636 – July 9, 1704) was an influential Chinese scholar of the early Qing dynasty.
Yan'an
Yan'an is a prefecture-level city in the Shaanbei region of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Shanxi to the east and Gansu to the west.
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Yang Liwei
Yang Liwei (born 21 June 1965) is a Chinese major general, former military pilot, and former taikonaut of the People's Liberation Army.
Yangtze
Yangtze or Yangzi is the longest river in Eurasia, the third-longest in the world.
Yao Ming
Yao Ming (born 12 September 1980) is a Chinese basketball executive and former professional player.
Yaodong
A yaodong (natively 窰 in Jin Chinese, or 窰洞 yáodòng in Beijing Mandarin) is a particular form of earth shelter dwelling common in the Loess Plateau in China's north.
Yelang
Yelang, also Zangke, was an ancient political entity first described in the 3rd century BC in what is now western Guizhou province, China.
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Yellow Emperor
The Yellow Emperor, also known as the Yellow Thearch or by his Chinese name Huangdi, is a mythical Chinese sovereign and culture hero included among the legendary Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, and an individual deity (shen) or part of the Five Regions Highest Deities in Chinese folk religion.
Yellow River
The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China, after the Yangtze; with an estimated length of it is the sixth-longest river system on Earth.
Yellow Sea
The Yellow Sea, also known as North Sea, is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean located between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula, and can be considered the northwestern part of the East China Sea.
Yi Jianlian
Yi Jianlian (born October 27, 1984) is a Chinese former professional basketball player who last played for the Guangdong Southern Tigers of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA).
Young adult literature
Young adult literature (YA) is typically written for readers aged 12 to 18 and includes most of the themes found in adult fiction, such as friendship, substance abuse, alcoholism, and sexuality.
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Yuan Shikai
Yuan Shikai (16 September 18596 June 1916) was a Chinese general and statesman who served as Prime Minister of the Imperial Cabinet, the second provisional president of the Republic of China, head of the Beiyang government from 1912 to 1916 and Emperor of China from 1915 to 1916.
Yue Chinese
Yue is a branch of the Sinitic languages primarily spoken in Southern China, particularly in the provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi (collectively known as Liangguang).
Yugurs
The Yugurs, Yughurs, Yugu (Western Yugur: Sarïg Yogïr; Eastern Yugur: Šera Yogor), traditionally known as Yellow Uyghurs, are a Turkic-Mongolic ethnic group and one of China's 56 officially recognized ethnic groups, consisting of 16,719 persons, according to the 2000 census.
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Yunnan
Yunnan is an inland province in Southwestern China.
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Yurt
A yurt (from the Turkic languages) or ger (Mongolian) is a portable, round tent covered and insulated with skins or felt and traditionally used as a dwelling by several distinct nomadic groups in the steppes and mountains of Inner Asia.
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Zhangjiakou
Zhangjiakou, also known as Kalgan and by several other names, is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Hebei province in Northern China, bordering Beijing to the southeast, Inner Mongolia to the north and west, and Shanxi to the southwest.
Zhao Leji
Zhao Leji (born 8 March 1957) is a Chinese politician who is the current chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the third-ranking member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
Zhao Ziyang
Zhao Ziyang (赵紫阳; pronounced, 17 October 1919 – 17 January 2005) was a Chinese politician.
Zhejiang cuisine
Zhejiang cuisine, alternatively known as Zhe cuisine, is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of Chinese cuisine.
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Zheng He
Zheng He (also romanized Cheng Ho; 1371–1433/1435) was a Chinese fleet admiral, explorer, diplomat, and bureaucrat during the early Ming dynasty (1368–1644).
Zhengzhou
Zhengzhou is the capital and largest city of Henan Province in the central part of the People's Republic of China. Located in northern Henan, it is one of the National Central Cities in China, and serves as the political, economic, technological, and educational center of the province. The Zhengzhou metropolitan area (including Zhengzhou and Kaifeng) is the core area of the Central Plains Economic Zone.
Zhongnanhai
Zhongnanhai is a compound that houses the offices of and serves as a residence for the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the State Council.
Zhou dynasty
The Zhou dynasty was a royal dynasty of China that existed for 789 years from until 256 BC, the longest of such reign in Chinese history.
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai (5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman, diplomat, and revolutionary who served as the first Premier of the People's Republic of China from September 1954 until his death in January 1976.
Zhuang languages
The Zhuang languages (autonym:,, pre-1982:, Sawndip: 話僮, from vah, 'language' and Cuengh, 'Zhuang') are the more than a dozen Tai languages spoken by the Zhuang people of Southern China in the province of Guangxi and adjacent parts of Yunnan and Guangdong.
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ZTE
ZTE Corporation is a Chinese partially state-owned technology company that specializes in telecommunication.
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.cn
.cn is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the People's Republic of China.
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.hk
.hk is the designated Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Hong Kong.
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.mo
.mo is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Macau.
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16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in Beijing between November 8 and 14, 2002.
See China and 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
1911 Revolution
The 1911 Revolution, also known as the Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, ended China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing dynasty, and led to the establishment of the Republic of China.
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
The Tiananmen Square protests, known in China as the June Fourth Incident, were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China, lasting from 15 April to 4 June 1989.
See China and 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
2008 Summer Olympics
The 2008 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and officially branded as Beijing 2008, were an international multisport event held from 8 to 24 August 2008, in Beijing, China.
See China and 2008 Summer Olympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
The 2012 Summer Paralympics, branded as the London 2012 Paralympic Games, were an international multi-sport parasports event held from 29 August to 9 September 2012 in London, England, United Kingdom.
See China and 2012 Summer Paralympics
2022 Winter Olympics
The 2022 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXIV Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Beijing 2022 (北京2022), were an international winter multi-sport event held from 4 to 20 February 2022 in Beijing, China, and surrounding areas with competition in selected events beginning 2 February 2022.
See China and 2022 Winter Olympics
See also
Atheist states
- China
- Communist states
- Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
- Democratic Kampuchea
- Derg
- North Korea
- People's Republic of Angola
- People's Republic of Mozambique
- People's Socialist Republic of Albania
- Socialist Republic of Romania
BRICS nations
- Brazil
- China
- Egypt
- Ethiopia
- India
- Iran
- Member states of BRICS
- Russia
- South Africa
- United Arab Emirates
Communist states
- China
- Communist state
- Criticism of communist party rule
- Cuba
- Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
- Democratic Kampuchea
- Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
- Democratic Republic of Madagascar
- Derg
- East Germany
- Highest organ of state power
- Hungarian People's Republic
- Inner Mongolian People's Republic
- Laos
- List of communist states
- List of socialist states
- Mass killings under communist regimes
- Mongolian People's Republic
- North Korea
- People's Committee of North Korea
- People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
- People's Republic of Angola
- People's Republic of Benin
- People's Republic of Bulgaria
- People's Republic of China
- People's Republic of Kampuchea
- People's Republic of Mozambique
- People's Republic of the Congo
- People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada)
- People's Socialist Republic of Albania
- People's republic
- Polish People's Republic
- Provisional People's Committee of North Korea
- Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
- Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
- Socialist Republic of Romania
- Somali Democratic Republic
- South Yemen
- Soviet Central Asia
- Soviet Union
- Soviet republics
- Soviet satellite states
- Urban planning in communist countries
- Vietnam
Countries and territories where Chinese is an official language
- China
- Hong Kong
- List of countries and territories where Chinese is an official language
- Macau
- Singapore
- Taiwan
Cradle of civilization
- Ancient Egypt
- Ancient Mesopotamia
- China
- Cradle of civilization
- Fertile Crescent
- Four Great Ancient Civilizations
- Indus Valley Civilisation
- Indus Valley civilisation
- Olmec
- Peru
East Asian countries
G20 members
- African Union
- Argentina
- Australia
- Brazil
- Canada
- China
- European Union
- France
- Germany
- India
- Indonesia
- Italy
- Japan
- Mexico
- Russia
- Saudi Arabia
- South Africa
- South Korea
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- United States
Northeast Asian countries
One-party states
- Carpatho-Ukraine
- Central African Empire
- China
- Cuba
- Eritrea
- Estado Novo (Portugal)
- Laos
- North Korea
- One-party state
- People's Republic of Angola
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
- Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
- Vietnam
- Wa State
- Zaire
People's Republic of China
- Cadre system of the Chinese Communist Party
- China
- Chinese Communist Party
- Chinese National Day Parade
- Chinese economic reform
- Communism in China
- Compulsory education in the People's Republic of China
- Culture of the People's Republic of China
- Geography of the People's Republic of China
- H Block (Hong Kong)
- History of the People's Republic of China
- Hong Kong
- Macau
- Military of the People's Republic of China
- Politics of the People's Republic of China
- Proclamation of the People's Republic of China
- Science and technology in the People's Republic of China
- Trident Block
- Two Centenaries
- Wage reform in China, 1949–1976
States and territories established in 1949
- Bhopal State (1949–1956)
- China
- Committee for the Five Northern Korean Provinces
- Darul Islam (Indonesia)
- Dutch New Guinea
- East Germany
- Emirate of Cyrenaica
- Fangcun District
- Germany
- Hungarian People's Republic
- Jiangdong District
- Laos
- Liaoxi
- Nation of Celestial Space
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Pingyuan Province
- Republic of Indonesia (1949–1950)
- Republic of Ireland
- State of East Sumatra
- State of Vietnam
- Territory of Papua and New Guinea
- United States of Indonesia
- Vesyegonsky District
- West Bank
- West Berlin
- West Germany
- Yangmingshan Administrative Bureau
- Yelizovsky District
States with limited recognition
- Abkhazia
- Armenia
- China
- Cook Islands
- Israel
- Kosovo
- List of states with limited recognition
- Niue
- North Korea
- Northern Cyprus
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
- Somaliland
- South Korea
- South Ossetia
- State of Palestine
- Taiwan
- Transnistria
References
Also known as (The People's Republic of) China, Chaina, China (Beijing), China (PRC), China (Peking), China (People's Rep.), China (People's Republic), China (country), China (nation), China PR, China PRC, China People's Republic, China People's Republic of, China The People's Republic of, China's, China's republic, China, PRC, China, People's Republic, China, People's Republic of, China, The People's Republic, China, The People's Republic of, ChinaP.R., Chinese PR, Chinese People's Republic, Chnia, Cihna, Communist China (modern), ISO 3166-1:CN, Jhongguó, Land of China, Modern day China, P. R. China, P. R. of China, P.R. China, P.R. of CHINA, P.R.C., P.R.China, PR China, PR of China, PRC, PRC (China), PRC China, PRChina, PRoC, People' Republic of China, People' s Republic of China, People's Republic China, People's Republic Of China, People's Republic of China (Mainland China), People's Republic of China (PRC), People's Republic or China, People's repuublic of china, Peoples Republic of China, Peoples' Republic of China, Pr of c, Public infrastructure in China, Red China (modern), State of China, The PRC, The People's Republic of China, The Peoples Republic of China, Zhong Guo, ZhongGuo, Zhonggua, Zhonghua Renmin Gonghe Guo, Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo, Zhonghuarenmingongheguo, Zhonguo, Zhōngguó, Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó, Zongguo, .
, Bloomberg News, Book of Documents, Boxer Rebellion, Brahmaputra River, Brazil, Bronze Age, Buddhism, Buddhist cuisine, Burning of books and burying of scholars, Caishen, Calendar date, Cambodia, Cambridge University Press, Cantonese cuisine, Cantonese opera, Cantopop, Cao Wei, Capital punishment in China, Carbon capture and storage, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Central Asia, Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, Central Intelligence Agency, Central Military Commission (China), Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, Chang'an, Changsha, Charter of the United Nations, Chatham House, Chemistry World, Chengdu, Cheongsam, Chiang Kai-shek, China and weapons of mass destruction, China at the Olympics, China Daily, China Internet Network Information Center, China Mobile, China National Highways, China Radio International, China Railway, China Unicom, China–United States relations, Chinas, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Chinese architecture, Chinese astrology, Chinese Basketball Association, Chinese Buddhism, Chinese calendar, Chinese calligraphy, Chinese characters, Chinese Civil War, Chinese classics, Chinese Communist Party, Chinese cuisine, Chinese culture, Chinese emigration, Chinese folk religion, Chinese folklore, Chinese herbology, Chinese hip hop, Chinese historiography, Chinese Islamic cuisine, Chinese language, Chinese literature, Chinese martial arts, Chinese mythology, Chinese nationalism, Chinese painting, Chinese palace, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Chinese philosophy, Chinese Soviet Republic, Chinese Super League, Chinese units of measurement, Cholera, Chongqing, Chongzhen Emperor, Christianity, Christianity in China, Chu (state), Chu–Han Contention, Chunyun, Civil religion, Classic Chinese Novels, Classic of Poetry, Classical Chinese poetry, CNBC, CNN, Colombia, Columbia College, Columbia University, 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Chinese, Human rights in China, Human Rights Watch, Humanism, Hunan cuisine, Hundred Days' Reform, Imperial examination, India, India Today, Individualism, Indo-European languages, Indomalayan realm, Indonesia, Industrialisation, Infant mortality, Inner Asia, Inner Mongolia, Intellectual property in China, International Monetary Fund, International Security (journal), Internet censorship in China, Iron rice bowl, Islam, Islam in China, Japan, Japanese architecture, Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598), Japanese war crimes, Jiahu, Jiang Zemin, Jiangsu cuisine, Jiangxi, Jin Chinese, Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin Yong, Journey to the West, Juniper, Kaifeng, Kam language, Karakoram, Kashmir, Kazakh language, Kazakhstan, Kinmen, Korea, Korean architecture, Korean language, Kra–Dai languages, Kuomintang, Kyrgyz language, Kyrgyzstan, Landscape painting, Laogai, Laos, Latitude, Legalism (Chinese philosophy), Lhasa Tibetan, Li Bai, Li Zicheng, Liang Yusheng, Library of Alexandria, Library of Congress Country Studies, Lingua franca, Linxia City, Linyi, List of airports in China, List of busiest container ports, List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita, List of Chinese astronauts, List of Chinese musical instruments, List of cities in China by population, List of countries and dependencies by area, List of countries and territories by number of land borders, List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions, List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita, List of countries by exports, List of countries by GDP (nominal), List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita, List of countries by GDP (PPP), List of countries by imports, List of countries by number of billionaires, List of countries by rail transport network size, List of countries by rail usage, List of countries by total fertility rate, List of countries with highest military expenditures, List of diplomatic missions of China, List of ethnic groups in China, List of longest bridges, List of major stock exchanges, List of metro systems, List of political parties in China, List of protected areas of China, List of regions by past GDP (PPP), List of states with nuclear weapons, List of universities and colleges in China, Liu Song dynasty, Long March, Longitude, Los Angeles Times, Low Earth orbit, Lowy Institute, Lu Xun, Macanese pataca, Macau, Magic realism, Mahabharata, Mainland China, Malay language, Malaysia, Malnutrition, Manchu language, Mandarin Chinese, Mandopop, Manufacturing, Manusmriti, Mao Zedong, Maoism, March of the Volunteers, Martino Martini, Marxism–Leninism, Matsu Islands, May Fourth Movement, Mazu, Medication, Megacity, Megadiverse countries, Mekong, Mental health in China, Meritocracy, Mesopotamia, Middle school, Migration Policy Institute, Min Chinese, Ming dynasty, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Education (China), Misty Poets, Mo Yan, Modern language, Mongolia, Mongolian language, 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