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36 relations: Adverse effect, Afamelanotide, Agonist, Anorexia (symptom), BBC, Bremelanotide, CBS, Cosmopolitan (magazine), Danish Medicines Agency, Drug development, Erectile dysfunction, Female sexual arousal disorder, Flushing (physiology), Food and Drug Administration, Herald Sun, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Melanocortin 1 receptor, Melanocortin 3 receptor, Melanocortin 4 receptor, Melanocortin 5 receptor, Melanocortin receptor, Melanocyte, Methoxsalen, Nausea, Nevus, Norwegian Medicines Agency, Peptide hormone, Peptide synthesis, Stretching, Structural analog, Sunless tanning, Technology transfer, Vomiting, WCBS-TV, Wired (magazine), Yawn.
Adverse effect
In medicine, an adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery.
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Afamelanotide
Afamelanotide ((INN) (brand name Scenesse), also known as melanotan I (or melanotan-1), originally developed at the University of Arizona and now by Clinuvel Pharmaceuticals, is a synthetic peptide and analogue of the naturally occurring melanocortin peptide hormone α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) that has been shown to induce the production of darkening dermal pigmentation through melanogenesis and thereby subsequently reduce sun (UV) damage to UV light-exposed skin in preliminary research and human clinical trials. Its amino acid sequence is Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Nle-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2, and it is additionally known as -α-MSH, which is sometimes abbreviated as NDP-MSH or NDP-α-MSH (especially in the scientific literature). Afamelanotide is the International Nonproprietary Name for the molecule α-MSH initially researched and developed as melanotan-1 and later, CUV1647 (by Clinuvel). A marketing trade name for one brand of afamelanotide was approved in 2010 by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Name Review Group (NRG) and the agency's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) as Scenesse (pronounced "sen-esse"). On May 5, 2010 the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA, or Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco) became the first governmental health organization ever (even before the drug received approval in Europe) to authorize afamelanotide as a medicine for therapeutic treatment of Italian citizens to reduce painful dermal photosensitivity stemming from the orphan disease erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). This approval allowed the drug to be immediately available for prescription in Italy and reimbursable under the country's national health system. Authorities in Switzerland have also allowed prescription of the drug for EPP with reimbursement approved by two unnamed insurers. Afamelanotide is currently being trialed in the form of a "grain of rice"-sized bioabsorbable subcutaneous implant as a potential therapeutic photoprotection-inducing agent for a series of light-related skin indications as well as a potential dermal repigmentation agent for vitiligo. Afamelanotide, as of October 24, 2014, has been approved by the EMA in Europe for the treatment of EPP. Clinuvel now intends to seek approval of afamelanotide in the United States. Unlicensed and untested powders sold as "melanotan" are found on the Internet and are reported to be used by tens of thousands of members of the general public for sunless tanning. Multiple regulatory bodies have warned consumers that the peptides may be unsafe and ineffective in usage, with one regulatory agency warning that consumers who purchase any product labeled "melanotan" risk buying a counterfeit drug. Clinuvel Pharmaceuticals, the developer of afamelanotide, and medical researchers have warned consumers that counterfeit products sold using the names "melanotan I and II", could "pose a hazard to public health". on counterfeit products. February 10, 2009. Clinuvel has stated publicly that products sold online as "melanotan" are not afamelanotide.
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Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response.
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Anorexia (symptom)
Anorexia (from Ancient Greek ανορεξία: 'ἀν-' "without" + 'όρεξις', spelled 'órexis' meaning "appetite") is the decreased sensation of appetite.
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BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.
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Bremelanotide
Bremelanotide (tentative brand name Rekynda; former developmental code name PT-141) is a peptide melanocortin receptor agonist which is under development by Palatin Technologies as a treatment for female sexual dysfunction.
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CBS
CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation.
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Cosmopolitan (magazine)
Cosmopolitan is an international fashion magazine for women, which was formerly titled The Cosmopolitan. The magazine was first published and distributed in 1886 in the United States as a family magazine; it was later transformed into a literary magazine and eventually became a women's magazine (since 1965).
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Danish Medicines Agency
The Danish Medicines Agency (Lægemiddelstyrelsen) is an agency under the Danish Ministry of Health and Prevention.
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Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.
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Erectile dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction (ED), also known as impotence, is a type of sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual activity.
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Female sexual arousal disorder
Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) is a disorder characterized by a persistent or recurrent inability to attain sexual arousal or to maintain arousal until the completion of a sexual activity.
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Flushing (physiology)
For a person to flush is to become markedly red in the face and often other areas of the skin, from various physiological conditions.
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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
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Herald Sun
The Herald Sun is a morning newspaper based in Melbourne, Australia published by The Herald and Weekly Times, a subsidiary of News Corp Australia, itself a subsidiary of News Corp. The Herald Sun primarily serves Victoria and shares many articles with other News Corporation daily newspapers, especially those from Australia. It is also available for purchase in Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and border regions of South Australia and southern New South Wales such as the Riverina and NSW South Coast, and is available digitally through its website and apps. In March 2009, the paper had a daily circulation of 530,000 from Monday to Friday.
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Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is an executive agency of the Department of Health and Social Care in the United Kingdom which is responsible for ensuring that medicines and medical devices work and are acceptably safe.
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Melanocortin 1 receptor
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), also known as melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MSHR), melanin-activating peptide receptor, or melanotropin receptor, is a G protein–coupled receptor that binds to a class of pituitary peptide hormones known as the melanocortins, which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).
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Melanocortin 3 receptor
Melanocortin receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC3R gene.
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Melanocortin 4 receptor
Melanocortin 4 receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC4R gene.
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Melanocortin 5 receptor
Melanocortin receptor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC5R gene.
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Melanocortin receptor
Melanocortin receptors are members of the rhodopsin family of 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors.
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Melanocyte
Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart.
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Methoxsalen
Methoxsalen (also called xanthotoxin, marketed under the trade names Oxsoralen, Deltasoralen, Meladinine) is a drug used to treat psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo, and some cutaneous lymphomas in conjunction with exposing the skin to UVA light from lamps or sunlight.
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Nausea
Nausea or queasiness is an unpleasant sense of unease, discomfort, and revulsion towards food.
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Nevus
Nevus (or nevi if multiple) is a nonspecific medical term for a visible, circumscribed, chronic lesion of the skin or mucosa.
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Norwegian Medicines Agency
The Norwegian Medicines Agency (Statens legemiddelverk, Legemiddelverket) is the national, regulatory authority for new and existing medicines and the supply chain.
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Peptide hormone
Peptide hormones or protein hormones are hormones whose molecules are peptides or proteins, respectively.
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Peptide synthesis
In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, compounds where multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds, also known as peptide bonds.
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Stretching
Stretching is a form of physical exercise in which a specific muscle or tendon (or muscle group) is deliberately flexed or stretched in order to improve the muscle's felt elasticity and achieve comfortable muscle tone.
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Structural analog
A structural analog, also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component.
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Sunless tanning
Sunless tanning, also known as UV filled tanning, self tanning, spray tanning (when applied topically), or fake tanning, refers to the application of chemicals to the skin to produce an effect similar in appearance to a suntan.
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Technology transfer
Technology transfer, also called transfer of technology (TOT), is the process of transferring (disseminating) technology from the places and ingroups of its origination to wider distribution among more people and places.
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Vomiting
Vomiting, also known as emesis, puking, barfing, throwing up, among other terms, is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.
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WCBS-TV
WCBS-TV, channel 2, is the flagship station of the CBS television network, licensed to New York City.
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Wired (magazine)
Wired is a monthly American magazine, published in print and online editions, that focuses on how emerging technologies affect culture, the economy, and politics.
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Yawn
A yawn is a reflex consisting of the simultaneous inhalation of air and the stretching of the eardrums, followed by an exhalation of breath. Yawning (oscitation) most often occurs in adults immediately before and after sleep, during tedious activities and as a result of its contagious quality. It is commonly associated with tiredness, stress, sleepiness, or even boredom and hunger. In humans, yawning is often triggered by others yawning (e.g. seeing a person yawning, talking to someone on the phone who is yawning) and is a typical example of positive feedback. This "contagious" yawning has also been observed in chimpanzees, dogs, cats, birds, and reptiles, and can occur across species. Approximately 20 psychological reasons for yawning have been proposed by scholars, but there is little agreement on the primacy of any one. During a yawn, the tensor tympani muscle in the middle ear contracts, creating a rumbling noise from within the head. Yawning is sometimes accompanied, both in humans and animals, by an instinctive act of stretching several parts of the body, including arms, neck, shoulders and back.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanotan_II
