Table of Contents
97 relations: Addison-Wesley, American National Standards Institute, Amiga Original Chip Set, Apple DOS, Apple FileWare, Apple II, Apple Inc., Apple Lisa, Apple Pascal, Barcode, Bit numbering, Block code, Brother Industries, Byte (magazine), Central Point Software, Chuck Peddle, Commodore 4040, Commodore International, Computer History Museum, Computer science, Computerworld, Cyclic redundancy check, Daisy chain (electrical engineering), DC bias, De Gruyter, Density (computer storage), Differential Manchester encoding, Direct current, Disk II, Durango F-85, Eight-to-fourteen modulation, Error correction code, Exclusive or, File Allocation Table, Floppy disk, Floppy disk format, Floppy disk variants, Floppy-disk controller, Focal Press, Franzis Verlag, Group code, Group coded recording, Hard disk drive, Honeywell, IBM, IBM Journal of Research and Development, IBM Personal Computer, IEEE Spectrum, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, IFA Berlin, ... Expand index (47 more) »
- Apple II family
- CBM storage devices
- Computer storage tape media
- Line codes
Addison-Wesley
Addison–Wesley is an American publisher of textbooks and computer literature.
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American National Standards Institute
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private nonprofit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States.
See Group coded recording and American National Standards Institute
Amiga Original Chip Set
The Original Chip Set (OCS) is a chipset used in the earliest Commodore Amiga computers and defined the Amiga's graphics and sound capabilities.
See Group coded recording and Amiga Original Chip Set
Apple DOS
Apple DOS is the disk operating system for the Apple II computers from late 1978 through early 1983.
See Group coded recording and Apple DOS
Apple FileWare
FileWare floppy disk drives and diskettes were designed by Apple Computer as a higher-performance alternative to the Disk II and Disk III floppy systems used on the Apple II and Apple III personal computers.
See Group coded recording and Apple FileWare
Apple II
The Apple II series of microcomputers was initially designed by Steve Wozniak, manufactured by Apple Computer (now Apple Inc.), and launched in 1977 with the Apple II model that gave the series its name.
See Group coded recording and Apple II
Apple Inc.
Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, in Silicon Valley.
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Apple Lisa
Lisa is a desktop computer developed by Apple, produced from January 19, 1983 to August 1, 1986, and succeeded by Macintosh.
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Apple Pascal
Apple Pascal is an implementation of Pascal for the Apple II and Apple III computer series.
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Barcode
A barcode or bar code is a method of representing data in a visual, machine-readable form.
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Bit numbering
In computing, bit numbering is the convention used to identify the bit positions in a binary number.
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Block code
In coding theory, block codes are a large and important family of error-correcting codes that encode data in blocks.
See Group coded recording and Block code
Brother Industries
is a Japanese multinational electronics and electrical equipment company headquartered in Nagoya, Japan.
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Byte (magazine)
Byte (stylized as BYTE) was a microcomputer magazine, influential in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s because of its wide-ranging editorial coverage.
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Central Point Software
Central Point Software, Inc. (CP, CPS, Central Point) was a leading software utilities maker for the PC market, supplying utilities software for the DOS and Microsoft Windows markets.
See Group coded recording and Central Point Software
Chuck Peddle
Charles Ingerham Peddle (November 25, 1937 – December 15, 2019) was an American electrical engineer best known as the main designer of the MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor, the single-board computer, and its successor, the Commodore PET personal computer, both based on the 6502.
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Commodore 4040
The Commodore 4040 is the replacement for the previous models 2040 (U.S.) and 3040 (Europe).
See Group coded recording and Commodore 4040
Commodore International
Commodore International Corporation (other names include Commodore International Limited) was a Bahamian home computer and electronics manufacturer with executive offices in the United States founded by Jack Tramiel and Irving Gould. Commodore International (CI), along with its subsidiary Commodore Business Machines (CBM), was a significant participant in the development of the home computer industry in the 1970s to early 1990s.
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Computer History Museum
The Computer History Museum (CHM) is a museum of computer history, located in Mountain View, California.
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Computer science
Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation.
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Computerworld
Computerworld (abbreviated as CW) is an ongoing decades-old professional publication which in 2014 "went digital." Its audience is information technology (IT) and business technology professionals, and is available via a publication website and as a digital magazine.
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Cyclic redundancy check
A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data.
See Group coded recording and Cyclic redundancy check
Daisy chain (electrical engineering)
In electrical and electronic engineering, a daisy chain is a wiring scheme in which multiple devices are wired together in sequence or in a ring, similar to a garland of daisy flowers.
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DC bias
In signal processing, when describing a periodic function in the time domain, the DC bias, DC component, DC offset, or DC coefficient is the mean value of the waveform.
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De Gruyter
Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter, is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature.
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Density (computer storage)
Density is a measure of the quantity of information bits that can be stored on a given pysical space of a computer storage medium.
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Differential Manchester encoding
Differential Manchester encoding (DM) is a line code in digital frequency modulation in which data and clock signals are combined to form a single two-level self-synchronizing data stream. Group coded recording and Differential Manchester encoding are line codes.
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Direct current
Direct current (DC) is one-directional flow of electric charge.
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Disk II
The Disk II Floppy Disk Subsystem, often rendered as Disk. Group coded recording and Disk II are apple II family.
See Group coded recording and Disk II
Durango F-85
The Durango F-85 was an early personal computer introduced in September 1978 by Durango Systems Corporation, a company started in 1977 by George E. Comstock, John M. Scandalios and Charles L. Waggoner, all formerly of Diablo Systems.
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Eight-to-fourteen modulation
Eight-to-fourteen modulation (EFM) is a data encoding technique – formally, a line code – used by compact discs (CD), laserdiscs (LD) and pre-Hi-MD MiniDiscs. Group coded recording and Eight-to-fourteen modulation are line codes.
See Group coded recording and Eight-to-fourteen modulation
Error correction code
In computing, telecommunication, information theory, and coding theory, forward error correction (FEC) or channel coding is a technique used for controlling errors in data transmission over unreliable or noisy communication channels.
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Exclusive or
Exclusive or, exclusive disjunction, exclusive alternation, logical non-equivalence, or logical inequality is a logical operator whose negation is the logical biconditional.
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File Allocation Table
File Allocation Table (FAT) is a file system developed for personal computers and was the default filesystem for MS-DOS and Windows 9x operating systems.
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Floppy disk
A floppy disk or floppy diskette (casually referred to as a floppy, a diskette, or a disk) is a type of disk storage composed of a thin and flexible disk of a magnetic storage medium in a square or nearly square plastic enclosure lined with a fabric that removes dust particles from the spinning disk. Group coded recording and floppy disk are rotating disc computer storage media.
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Floppy disk format
Floppy disk format and density refer to the logical and physical layout of data stored on a floppy disk.
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Floppy disk variants
The floppy disk is a data storage and transfer medium that was ubiquitous from the mid-1970s well into the 2000s. Group coded recording and floppy disk variants are rotating disc computer storage media.
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Floppy-disk controller
A floppy-disk controller (FDC) is a hardware component that directs and controls reading from and writing to a computer's floppy disk drive (FDD).
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Focal Press
Focal Press is a publisher of creative and applied media books and it is an imprint of Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
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Franzis Verlag
The Franzis Verlag GmbH is a German publisher based in Haar, Germany and part of the WEKA Mediengruppe.
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Group code
In coding theory, group codes are a type of code.
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Group coded recording
In computer science, group coded recording or group code recording (GCR) refers to several distinct but related encoding methods for representing data on magnetic media. Group coded recording and group coded recording are apple II family, CBM storage devices, computer storage tape media, line codes and rotating disc computer storage media.
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Hard disk drive
A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material. Group coded recording and hard disk drive are rotating disc computer storage media.
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Honeywell
Honeywell International Inc. is an American publicly traded, multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.
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IBM
International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York and present in over 175 countries.
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IBM Journal of Research and Development
IBM Journal of Research and Development is a former, peer-reviewed bimonthly scientific journal covering research on information systems.
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IBM Personal Computer
The IBM Personal Computer (model 5150, commonly known as the IBM PC) is the first microcomputer released in the IBM PC model line and the basis for the IBM PC compatible ''de facto'' standard.
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IEEE Spectrum
IEEE Spectrum is a magazine edited by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
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IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the basic physics of magnetism, magnetic materials, applied magnetics, magnetic devices, and magnetic data storage.
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IFA Berlin
The IFA or Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin (International radio exhibition Berlin, a.k.a. 'Berlin Radio Show') is one of the oldest industrial exhibitions in Germany.
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Individual Computers Catweasel
The Catweasel is a family of enhanced floppy-disk controllers from German company Individual Computers.
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InfoWorld
InfoWorld (IW) is an American information technology media business.
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an American 501(c)(3) professional association for electronics engineering, electrical engineering, and other related disciplines.
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Integrated Woz Machine
The Integrated Woz Machine (or IWM for short) is a single-chip version of the floppy disk controller for the Apple II.
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International Committee for Information Technology Standards
The InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS), (pronounced "insights"), is an ANSI-accredited standards development organization composed of Information technology developers.
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KryoFlux
KryoFlux is a hardware and software solution for preserving software on floppy disks.
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Longitudinal redundancy check
In telecommunication, a longitudinal redundancy check (LRC), or horizontal redundancy check, is a form of redundancy check that is applied independently to each of a parallel group of bit streams.
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Mac (computer)
Mac, short for Macintosh (its official name until 1999), is a family of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple.
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Magnetic storage
Magnetic storage or magnetic recording is the storage of data on a magnetized medium.
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Magnetic tape
Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic storage made of a thin, magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film. Group coded recording and magnetic tape are computer storage tape media.
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Magnetic-tape data storage
Magnetic-tape data storage is a system for storing digital information on magnetic tape using digital recording. Group coded recording and magnetic-tape data storage are computer storage tape media.
See Group coded recording and Magnetic-tape data storage
Mainframe computer
A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing.
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Manchester code
In telecommunication and data storage, Manchester code (also known as phase encoding, or PE) is a line code in which the encoding of each data bit is either low then high, or high then low, for equal time. Group coded recording and Manchester code are line codes.
See Group coded recording and Manchester code
McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill is an American publishing company for educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education.
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Microcomputer
A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor.
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Micropolis Corporation
Micropolis Corporation (styled as MICROPΩLIS) was a disk drive company located in Chatsworth, California and founded in 1976.
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Modified frequency modulation
Modified frequency modulation (MFM) is a run-length limited (RLL) line code used to encode data on most floppy disks and some hard disk drives. Group coded recording and Modified frequency modulation are line codes and rotating disc computer storage media.
See Group coded recording and Modified frequency modulation
Nanyang Technological University
Nanyang Technological University (NTU) is a public university in Singapore.
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NEC
is a Japanese multinational information technology and electronics corporation, headquartered at the NEC Supertower in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
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Nibble
In computing, a nibble (occasionally nybble, nyble, or nybl to match the spelling of byte) is a four-bit aggregation, or half an octet.
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Non-return-to-zero
In telecommunication, a non-return-to-zero (NRZ) line code is a binary code in which ones are represented by one significant condition, usually a positive voltage, while zeros are represented by some other significant condition, usually a negative voltage, with no other neutral or rest condition. Group coded recording and non-return-to-zero are line codes.
See Group coded recording and Non-return-to-zero
Original equipment manufacturer
An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is generally perceived as a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer.
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Parity bit
A parity bit, or check bit, is a bit added to a string of binary code.
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PerkinElmer
PerkinElmer, Inc., previously styled Perkin-Elmer, is an American global corporation that was founded in 1937 and originally focused on precision optics.
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Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium
The Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium (English translation: Philips Physics Laboratory) or NatLab was the Dutch section of the Philips research department, which did research for the product divisions of that company.
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Pocket computer
A pocket computer is a class of handheld computer characterized by very short displays (typically accommodating only one or a handful of lines of text) and calculator-style alphanumeric keypads.
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Polynomial
In mathematics, a polynomial is a mathematical expression consisting of indeterminates (also called variables) and coefficients, that involves only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and exponentiation to nonnegative integer powers, and has a finite number of terms.
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Quality Software
Quality Software is a defunct American software developer and publisher which created games, business software, and development tools for the Exidy Sorcerer, Apple II, and Atari 8-bit computers in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
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Qualstar
Qualstar Corporation is an American manufacturer of magnetic tape data storage products, based in Simi Valley, California.
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Reel-to-reel audio tape recording
Reel-to-reel audio tape recording, also called open-reel recording, is magnetic tape audio recording in which the recording tape is spooled between reels.
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Run-length limited
Run-length limited or RLL coding is a line coding technique that is used to send arbitrary data over a communications channel with bandwidth limits. Group coded recording and Run-length limited are line codes and rotating disc computer storage media.
See Group coded recording and Run-length limited
Self-clocking signal
In telecommunications and electronics, a self-clocking signal is one that can be decoded without the need for a separate clock signal or other source of synchronization.
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Sharp Corporation
is a Japanese electronics company.
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Sharp PC-1600
The Sharp PC-1600 was a pocket computer introduced by Sharp in 1986 as a successor to the PC-1500.
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Sirius Systems Technology
Sirius Systems Technology was a personal computer manufacturer in Scotts Valley, California.
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Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.
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Steve Wozniak
Stephen Wozniak (born August 11, 1950), also known by his nickname "Woz", is an American technology entrepreneur, electrical engineer, computer programmer, philanthropist, and inventor. Group coded recording and Steve Wozniak are apple II family.
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Syncword
In computer networks, a syncword, sync character, sync sequence or preamble is used to synchronize a data transmission by indicating the end of header information and the start of data.
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The Transactor
The Transactor was a computer magazine directed at users of Commodore home computers.
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UNIVAC
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was a line of electronic digital stored-program computers starting with the products of the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation.
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Victor Technology
Victor Technology LLC (also known as Victor Calculator) is a supplier of printing calculators, scientific calculators, financial calculators, basic calculators, and desktop accessories with headquarters in Bolingbrook, Illinois.
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Western Digital FD1771
The FD1771, sometimes WD1771, is a floppy disk controller chip produced by Western Digital.
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Wiley (publisher)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
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Zone bit recording
In computer storage, zone bit recording (ZBR) is a method used by disk drives to optimise the tracks for increased data capacity. Group coded recording and zone bit recording are rotating disc computer storage media.
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4B5B
In telecommunication, 4B5B is a form of data communications line code. Group coded recording and 4B5B are line codes.
See Group coded recording and 4B5B
8b/10b encoding
In telecommunications, 8b/10b is a line code that maps 8-bit words to 10-bit symbols to achieve DC balance and bounded disparity, and at the same time provide enough state changes to allow reasonable clock recovery. Group coded recording and 8b/10b encoding are line codes.
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9-track tape
9-track tape is a format for magnetic-tape data storage, introduced with the IBM System/360 in 1964. Group coded recording and 9-track tape are computer storage tape media.
See Group coded recording and 9-track tape
See also
Apple II family
- Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp.
- Apple I
- Apple II graphics
- Apple II peripheral cards
- Apple III
- Apple IIe Card
- Apple ProFile
- Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange
- Applied Engineering
- Bill Fernandez
- Cc65
- Daniel Kottke
- Disk II
- Group coded recording
- Hard Disk 20SC
- ITT 2020
- KansasFest
- Margot Comstock
- Mega II
- Mountain Computer
- MouseText
- Rod Holt
- Shepardson Microsystems
- Steve Wozniak
- Timeline of the Apple II series
- Z-80 SoftCard
CBM storage devices
- Amiga A570
- Commodore D9060
- Commodore Datasette
- Commodore REU
- Commodore bus
- Group coded recording
- Lt. Kernal
Computer storage tape media
- 9-track tape
- Advanced Digital Recording
- Advanced Intelligent Tape
- Azimuth recording
- Carriage control tape
- Cassette tape
- D6 HDTV VTR
- DC100
- Data Storage Technology
- Data8
- Digital Data Storage
- Digital Instrumentation Recorder
- Digital Linear Tape
- Digital Tape Format
- Digital cassettes
- Ditto (drive)
- Group coded recording
- Harvard biphase
- IBM 1017
- IBM 3480 family
- IBM 3590
- IBM 3592
- IBM 3850
- IBM 7-track
- IBM Magstar MP 3570
- IBM cassette tape
- Linear Tape File System
- Linear Tape-Open
- Magnetic tape
- Magnetic-tape data storage
- Punched tape
- Quarter-inch cartridge
- Scratch tape
- Soundwave (Transformers)
- Sticky-shed syndrome
- StorageTek tape formats
- Tape label
- Track (moving medium)
- Travan
- VXA
Line codes
- 2B1Q
- 4B3T
- 4B5B
- 64b/66b encoding
- 6b/8b encoding
- 8b/10b encoding
- Alternate-Phase Return-to-Zero
- Barker code
- Bipolar encoding
- Bipolar violation
- Bit stuffing
- Bit-synchronous operation
- Carrier-Suppressed Return-to-Zero
- Clock recovery
- Code conversion
- Coded mark inversion
- Data strobe encoding
- Differential Manchester encoding
- E-NRZ-L
- Eight-to-fourteen modulation
- Frequency modulation encoding
- Gold code
- Group coded recording
- Hybrid ternary code
- JPL sequence
- Kasami code
- Line code
- MLT-3 encoding
- Manchester code
- Modified AMI code
- Modified frequency modulation
- N-ary code
- Non-return-to-zero
- Paired disparity code
- Return-to-zero
- Run-length limited
- Scrambler
- Self-synchronizing code
- Ternary signal
- Transition-minimized differential signaling
- Unipolar encoding
References
Also known as "4 and 4" encoding, "5 and 3" encoding, "6 and 2" encoding, 4 and 4 encoding, 4&4 GCR, 4&4 encoding, 4-and-4 encoding, 4-to-5 GCR, 4-to-5 group code recording, 4/5 group coded encoding, 5 and 3 encoding, 5&3 GCR, 5&3 encoding, 5-and-3 encoding, 6 and 2 encoding, 6&2 GCR, 6&2 encoding, 6-and-2 encoding, Apple GCR, Brother GCR, CBM GCR, Commodore GCR, De-nibblization, De-nibblizing, De-nibblizing process, De-nybblizing, Denibbeling, Denibblization, Denibblizing, Denibblizing process, Denybblizing, Durango GCR, Floppy GCR, GCR (4/5), GCR (4B-5B), GCR (encoding), GCR 4+4, GCR 4/5, GCR 4B-5B, GCR 4B-5B encoding, GCR 4x4, GCR 5+3, GCR 5x3, GCR 6+2, GCR 6x2, GCR encoding, GCR format, GCR(4B-5B), GCR(4B-5B) encoding, GCR-4/5, Group Code Recording, Group coded encoding, Group-Code Recording, Group-Coded Recording, Hard disk GCR, Harddisk GCR, IBM GCR, IBM Group Coded Recording, IBM Group-Coded Recording, MPI GCR, Micro Peripherals GCR, Micropolis GCR, Nibbeling, Nibblization, Nibblizing, Nibblizing process, Nybblizing, PET GCR, Peddle GCR, Peddle encoding, Pre-nibbilizing, Prenibbilizing, Sharp GCR, Sirius GCR, Sperry GCR, Tape GCR, Victor GCR, Wozniak GCR, Wozniak encoding.