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Group coded recording

Index Group coded recording

In computer science, group coded recording or group code recording (GCR) refers to several distinct but related encoding methods for representing data on magnetic media. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 97 relations: Addison-Wesley, American National Standards Institute, Amiga Original Chip Set, Apple DOS, Apple FileWare, Apple II, Apple Inc., Apple Lisa, Apple Pascal, Barcode, Bit numbering, Block code, Brother Industries, Byte (magazine), Central Point Software, Chuck Peddle, Commodore 4040, Commodore International, Computer History Museum, Computer science, Computerworld, Cyclic redundancy check, Daisy chain (electrical engineering), DC bias, De Gruyter, Density (computer storage), Differential Manchester encoding, Direct current, Disk II, Durango F-85, Eight-to-fourteen modulation, Error correction code, Exclusive or, File Allocation Table, Floppy disk, Floppy disk format, Floppy disk variants, Floppy-disk controller, Focal Press, Franzis Verlag, Group code, Group coded recording, Hard disk drive, Honeywell, IBM, IBM Journal of Research and Development, IBM Personal Computer, IEEE Spectrum, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, IFA Berlin, ... Expand index (47 more) »

  2. Apple II family
  3. CBM storage devices
  4. Computer storage tape media
  5. Line codes

Addison-Wesley

Addison–Wesley is an American publisher of textbooks and computer literature.

See Group coded recording and Addison-Wesley

American National Standards Institute

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private nonprofit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States.

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Amiga Original Chip Set

The Original Chip Set (OCS) is a chipset used in the earliest Commodore Amiga computers and defined the Amiga's graphics and sound capabilities.

See Group coded recording and Amiga Original Chip Set

Apple DOS

Apple DOS is the disk operating system for the Apple II computers from late 1978 through early 1983.

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Apple FileWare

FileWare floppy disk drives and diskettes were designed by Apple Computer as a higher-performance alternative to the Disk II and Disk III floppy systems used on the Apple II and Apple III personal computers.

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Apple II

The Apple II series of microcomputers was initially designed by Steve Wozniak, manufactured by Apple Computer (now Apple Inc.), and launched in 1977 with the Apple II model that gave the series its name.

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Apple Inc.

Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, in Silicon Valley.

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Apple Lisa

Lisa is a desktop computer developed by Apple, produced from January 19, 1983 to August 1, 1986, and succeeded by Macintosh.

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Apple Pascal

Apple Pascal is an implementation of Pascal for the Apple II and Apple III computer series.

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Barcode

A barcode or bar code is a method of representing data in a visual, machine-readable form.

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Bit numbering

In computing, bit numbering is the convention used to identify the bit positions in a binary number.

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Block code

In coding theory, block codes are a large and important family of error-correcting codes that encode data in blocks.

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Brother Industries

is a Japanese multinational electronics and electrical equipment company headquartered in Nagoya, Japan.

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Byte (magazine)

Byte (stylized as BYTE) was a microcomputer magazine, influential in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s because of its wide-ranging editorial coverage.

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Central Point Software

Central Point Software, Inc. (CP, CPS, Central Point) was a leading software utilities maker for the PC market, supplying utilities software for the DOS and Microsoft Windows markets.

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Chuck Peddle

Charles Ingerham Peddle (November 25, 1937 – December 15, 2019) was an American electrical engineer best known as the main designer of the MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor, the single-board computer, and its successor, the Commodore PET personal computer, both based on the 6502.

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Commodore 4040

The Commodore 4040 is the replacement for the previous models 2040 (U.S.) and 3040 (Europe).

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Commodore International

Commodore International Corporation (other names include Commodore International Limited) was a Bahamian home computer and electronics manufacturer with executive offices in the United States founded by Jack Tramiel and Irving Gould. Commodore International (CI), along with its subsidiary Commodore Business Machines (CBM), was a significant participant in the development of the home computer industry in the 1970s to early 1990s.

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Computer History Museum

The Computer History Museum (CHM) is a museum of computer history, located in Mountain View, California.

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Computer science

Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation.

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Computerworld

Computerworld (abbreviated as CW) is an ongoing decades-old professional publication which in 2014 "went digital." Its audience is information technology (IT) and business technology professionals, and is available via a publication website and as a digital magazine.

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Cyclic redundancy check

A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data.

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Daisy chain (electrical engineering)

In electrical and electronic engineering, a daisy chain is a wiring scheme in which multiple devices are wired together in sequence or in a ring, similar to a garland of daisy flowers.

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DC bias

In signal processing, when describing a periodic function in the time domain, the DC bias, DC component, DC offset, or DC coefficient is the mean value of the waveform.

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De Gruyter

Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter, is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature.

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Density (computer storage)

Density is a measure of the quantity of information bits that can be stored on a given pysical space of a computer storage medium.

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Differential Manchester encoding

Differential Manchester encoding (DM) is a line code in digital frequency modulation in which data and clock signals are combined to form a single two-level self-synchronizing data stream. Group coded recording and Differential Manchester encoding are line codes.

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Direct current

Direct current (DC) is one-directional flow of electric charge.

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Disk II

The Disk II Floppy Disk Subsystem, often rendered as Disk. Group coded recording and Disk II are apple II family.

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Durango F-85

The Durango F-85 was an early personal computer introduced in September 1978 by Durango Systems Corporation, a company started in 1977 by George E. Comstock, John M. Scandalios and Charles L. Waggoner, all formerly of Diablo Systems.

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Eight-to-fourteen modulation

Eight-to-fourteen modulation (EFM) is a data encoding technique – formally, a line code – used by compact discs (CD), laserdiscs (LD) and pre-Hi-MD MiniDiscs. Group coded recording and Eight-to-fourteen modulation are line codes.

See Group coded recording and Eight-to-fourteen modulation

Error correction code

In computing, telecommunication, information theory, and coding theory, forward error correction (FEC) or channel coding is a technique used for controlling errors in data transmission over unreliable or noisy communication channels.

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Exclusive or

Exclusive or, exclusive disjunction, exclusive alternation, logical non-equivalence, or logical inequality is a logical operator whose negation is the logical biconditional.

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File Allocation Table

File Allocation Table (FAT) is a file system developed for personal computers and was the default filesystem for MS-DOS and Windows 9x operating systems.

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Floppy disk

A floppy disk or floppy diskette (casually referred to as a floppy, a diskette, or a disk) is a type of disk storage composed of a thin and flexible disk of a magnetic storage medium in a square or nearly square plastic enclosure lined with a fabric that removes dust particles from the spinning disk. Group coded recording and floppy disk are rotating disc computer storage media.

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Floppy disk format

Floppy disk format and density refer to the logical and physical layout of data stored on a floppy disk.

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Floppy disk variants

The floppy disk is a data storage and transfer medium that was ubiquitous from the mid-1970s well into the 2000s. Group coded recording and floppy disk variants are rotating disc computer storage media.

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Floppy-disk controller

A floppy-disk controller (FDC) is a hardware component that directs and controls reading from and writing to a computer's floppy disk drive (FDD).

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Focal Press

Focal Press is a publisher of creative and applied media books and it is an imprint of Routledge/Taylor & Francis.

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Franzis Verlag

The Franzis Verlag GmbH is a German publisher based in Haar, Germany and part of the WEKA Mediengruppe.

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Group code

In coding theory, group codes are a type of code.

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Group coded recording

In computer science, group coded recording or group code recording (GCR) refers to several distinct but related encoding methods for representing data on magnetic media. Group coded recording and group coded recording are apple II family, CBM storage devices, computer storage tape media, line codes and rotating disc computer storage media.

See Group coded recording and Group coded recording

Hard disk drive

A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material. Group coded recording and hard disk drive are rotating disc computer storage media.

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Honeywell

Honeywell International Inc. is an American publicly traded, multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.

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IBM

International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York and present in over 175 countries.

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IBM Journal of Research and Development

IBM Journal of Research and Development is a former, peer-reviewed bimonthly scientific journal covering research on information systems.

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IBM Personal Computer

The IBM Personal Computer (model 5150, commonly known as the IBM PC) is the first microcomputer released in the IBM PC model line and the basis for the IBM PC compatible ''de facto'' standard.

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IEEE Spectrum

IEEE Spectrum is a magazine edited by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

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IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the basic physics of magnetism, magnetic materials, applied magnetics, magnetic devices, and magnetic data storage.

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IFA Berlin

The IFA or Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin (International radio exhibition Berlin, a.k.a. 'Berlin Radio Show') is one of the oldest industrial exhibitions in Germany.

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Individual Computers Catweasel

The Catweasel is a family of enhanced floppy-disk controllers from German company Individual Computers.

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InfoWorld

InfoWorld (IW) is an American information technology media business.

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an American 501(c)(3) professional association for electronics engineering, electrical engineering, and other related disciplines.

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Integrated Woz Machine

The Integrated Woz Machine (or IWM for short) is a single-chip version of the floppy disk controller for the Apple II.

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International Committee for Information Technology Standards

The InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS), (pronounced "insights"), is an ANSI-accredited standards development organization composed of Information technology developers.

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KryoFlux

KryoFlux is a hardware and software solution for preserving software on floppy disks.

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Longitudinal redundancy check

In telecommunication, a longitudinal redundancy check (LRC), or horizontal redundancy check, is a form of redundancy check that is applied independently to each of a parallel group of bit streams.

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Mac (computer)

Mac, short for Macintosh (its official name until 1999), is a family of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple.

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Magnetic storage

Magnetic storage or magnetic recording is the storage of data on a magnetized medium.

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Magnetic tape

Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic storage made of a thin, magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film. Group coded recording and magnetic tape are computer storage tape media.

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Magnetic-tape data storage

Magnetic-tape data storage is a system for storing digital information on magnetic tape using digital recording. Group coded recording and magnetic-tape data storage are computer storage tape media.

See Group coded recording and Magnetic-tape data storage

Mainframe computer

A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing.

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Manchester code

In telecommunication and data storage, Manchester code (also known as phase encoding, or PE) is a line code in which the encoding of each data bit is either low then high, or high then low, for equal time. Group coded recording and Manchester code are line codes.

See Group coded recording and Manchester code

McGraw Hill Education

McGraw Hill is an American publishing company for educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education.

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Microcomputer

A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor.

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Micropolis Corporation

Micropolis Corporation (styled as MICROPΩLIS) was a disk drive company located in Chatsworth, California and founded in 1976.

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Modified frequency modulation

Modified frequency modulation (MFM) is a run-length limited (RLL) line code used to encode data on most floppy disks and some hard disk drives. Group coded recording and Modified frequency modulation are line codes and rotating disc computer storage media.

See Group coded recording and Modified frequency modulation

Nanyang Technological University

Nanyang Technological University (NTU) is a public university in Singapore.

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NEC

is a Japanese multinational information technology and electronics corporation, headquartered at the NEC Supertower in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

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Nibble

In computing, a nibble (occasionally nybble, nyble, or nybl to match the spelling of byte) is a four-bit aggregation, or half an octet.

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Non-return-to-zero

In telecommunication, a non-return-to-zero (NRZ) line code is a binary code in which ones are represented by one significant condition, usually a positive voltage, while zeros are represented by some other significant condition, usually a negative voltage, with no other neutral or rest condition. Group coded recording and non-return-to-zero are line codes.

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Original equipment manufacturer

An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is generally perceived as a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer.

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Parity bit

A parity bit, or check bit, is a bit added to a string of binary code.

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PerkinElmer

PerkinElmer, Inc., previously styled Perkin-Elmer, is an American global corporation that was founded in 1937 and originally focused on precision optics.

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Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium

The Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium (English translation: Philips Physics Laboratory) or NatLab was the Dutch section of the Philips research department, which did research for the product divisions of that company.

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Pocket computer

A pocket computer is a class of handheld computer characterized by very short displays (typically accommodating only one or a handful of lines of text) and calculator-style alphanumeric keypads.

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Polynomial

In mathematics, a polynomial is a mathematical expression consisting of indeterminates (also called variables) and coefficients, that involves only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and exponentiation to nonnegative integer powers, and has a finite number of terms.

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Quality Software

Quality Software is a defunct American software developer and publisher which created games, business software, and development tools for the Exidy Sorcerer, Apple II, and Atari 8-bit computers in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

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Qualstar

Qualstar Corporation is an American manufacturer of magnetic tape data storage products, based in Simi Valley, California.

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Reel-to-reel audio tape recording

Reel-to-reel audio tape recording, also called open-reel recording, is magnetic tape audio recording in which the recording tape is spooled between reels.

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Run-length limited

Run-length limited or RLL coding is a line coding technique that is used to send arbitrary data over a communications channel with bandwidth limits. Group coded recording and Run-length limited are line codes and rotating disc computer storage media.

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Self-clocking signal

In telecommunications and electronics, a self-clocking signal is one that can be decoded without the need for a separate clock signal or other source of synchronization.

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Sharp Corporation

is a Japanese electronics company.

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Sharp PC-1600

The Sharp PC-1600 was a pocket computer introduced by Sharp in 1986 as a successor to the PC-1500.

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Sirius Systems Technology

Sirius Systems Technology was a personal computer manufacturer in Scotts Valley, California.

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Springer Science+Business Media

Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.

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Steve Wozniak

Stephen Wozniak (born August 11, 1950), also known by his nickname "Woz", is an American technology entrepreneur, electrical engineer, computer programmer, philanthropist, and inventor. Group coded recording and Steve Wozniak are apple II family.

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Syncword

In computer networks, a syncword, sync character, sync sequence or preamble is used to synchronize a data transmission by indicating the end of header information and the start of data.

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The Transactor

The Transactor was a computer magazine directed at users of Commodore home computers.

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UNIVAC

UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was a line of electronic digital stored-program computers starting with the products of the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation.

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Victor Technology

Victor Technology LLC (also known as Victor Calculator) is a supplier of printing calculators, scientific calculators, financial calculators, basic calculators, and desktop accessories with headquarters in Bolingbrook, Illinois.

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Western Digital FD1771

The FD1771, sometimes WD1771, is a floppy disk controller chip produced by Western Digital.

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Wiley (publisher)

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.

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Zone bit recording

In computer storage, zone bit recording (ZBR) is a method used by disk drives to optimise the tracks for increased data capacity. Group coded recording and zone bit recording are rotating disc computer storage media.

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4B5B

In telecommunication, 4B5B is a form of data communications line code. Group coded recording and 4B5B are line codes.

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8b/10b encoding

In telecommunications, 8b/10b is a line code that maps 8-bit words to 10-bit symbols to achieve DC balance and bounded disparity, and at the same time provide enough state changes to allow reasonable clock recovery. Group coded recording and 8b/10b encoding are line codes.

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9-track tape

9-track tape is a format for magnetic-tape data storage, introduced with the IBM System/360 in 1964. Group coded recording and 9-track tape are computer storage tape media.

See Group coded recording and 9-track tape

See also

Apple II family

CBM storage devices

Computer storage tape media

Line codes

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_coded_recording

Also known as "4 and 4" encoding, "5 and 3" encoding, "6 and 2" encoding, 4 and 4 encoding, 4&4 GCR, 4&4 encoding, 4-and-4 encoding, 4-to-5 GCR, 4-to-5 group code recording, 4/5 group coded encoding, 5 and 3 encoding, 5&3 GCR, 5&3 encoding, 5-and-3 encoding, 6 and 2 encoding, 6&2 GCR, 6&2 encoding, 6-and-2 encoding, Apple GCR, Brother GCR, CBM GCR, Commodore GCR, De-nibblization, De-nibblizing, De-nibblizing process, De-nybblizing, Denibbeling, Denibblization, Denibblizing, Denibblizing process, Denybblizing, Durango GCR, Floppy GCR, GCR (4/5), GCR (4B-5B), GCR (encoding), GCR 4+4, GCR 4/5, GCR 4B-5B, GCR 4B-5B encoding, GCR 4x4, GCR 5+3, GCR 5x3, GCR 6+2, GCR 6x2, GCR encoding, GCR format, GCR(4B-5B), GCR(4B-5B) encoding, GCR-4/5, Group Code Recording, Group coded encoding, Group-Code Recording, Group-Coded Recording, Hard disk GCR, Harddisk GCR, IBM GCR, IBM Group Coded Recording, IBM Group-Coded Recording, MPI GCR, Micro Peripherals GCR, Micropolis GCR, Nibbeling, Nibblization, Nibblizing, Nibblizing process, Nybblizing, PET GCR, Peddle GCR, Peddle encoding, Pre-nibbilizing, Prenibbilizing, Sharp GCR, Sirius GCR, Sperry GCR, Tape GCR, Victor GCR, Wozniak GCR, Wozniak encoding.

, Individual Computers Catweasel, InfoWorld, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Integrated Woz Machine, International Committee for Information Technology Standards, KryoFlux, Longitudinal redundancy check, Mac (computer), Magnetic storage, Magnetic tape, Magnetic-tape data storage, Mainframe computer, Manchester code, McGraw Hill Education, Microcomputer, Micropolis Corporation, Modified frequency modulation, Nanyang Technological University, NEC, Nibble, Non-return-to-zero, Original equipment manufacturer, Parity bit, PerkinElmer, Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium, Pocket computer, Polynomial, Quality Software, Qualstar, Reel-to-reel audio tape recording, Run-length limited, Self-clocking signal, Sharp Corporation, Sharp PC-1600, Sirius Systems Technology, Springer Science+Business Media, Steve Wozniak, Syncword, The Transactor, UNIVAC, Victor Technology, Western Digital FD1771, Wiley (publisher), Zone bit recording, 4B5B, 8b/10b encoding, 9-track tape.