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37 relations: Alta California, American Indian boarding schools, Arizona, Bilingual Education Act, Civil rights movement, Civilization Fund Act, Cultural Survival, Daniel Inouye, Dawes Act, Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, Endangered Language Fund, Esther Martinez Native American Languages Preservation Act, George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush, Harris W. Fawell, Indigenous languages of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, John McCain, John Walsh (U.S. Senator), Language policy, Language revitalization, Lau v. Nichols, Lisa Murkowski, Lyndon B. Johnson, Native Hawaiians, Native Language Immersion Student Achievement Act, New Spain, Pacific Islander, Pūnana Leo, Republican Party (United States), Richard Nixon, Stratum (linguistics), Tim Johnson (South Dakota politician), Title 25 of the United States Code, U.S. English (organization), United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce, United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs.
Alta California
Alta California (Upper California), founded in 1769 by Gaspar de Portolà, was a polity of New Spain, and, after the Mexican War of Independence in 1822, a territory of Mexico.
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American Indian boarding schools
Native American boarding schools, also known as Indian Residential Schools were established in the United States during the late 19th and mid 20th centuries with a primary objective of assimilating Native American children and youth into Euro-American culture, while at the same time providing a basic education in Euro-American subject matters.
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Arizona
Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a U.S. state in the southwestern region of the United States.
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Bilingual Education Act
The Bilingual Education Act (BEA), also known as Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of 1967, approved by the 90th United States Congress on January 2, 1968, and was the first United States federal legislation recognized the needs of limited English speaking ability (LESA) students.
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Civil rights movement
The civil rights movement (also known as the African-American civil rights movement, American civil rights movement and other terms) was a decades-long movement with the goal of securing legal rights for African Americans that other Americans already held.
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Civilization Fund Act
The Civilization Fund Act was an Act passed by the United States Congress on March 3, 1819.
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Cultural Survival
Cultural Survival (founded 1972) is a nonprofit group based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, US, which is dedicated to defending the human rights of indigenous peoples.
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Daniel Inouye
was a United States Senator from Hawaii from 1963 until his death in 2012.
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Dawes Act
The Dawes Act of 1887 (also known as the General Allotment Act or the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887), authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians.
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Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 authorized the formation of local Community Action Agencies as part of the War on Poverty.
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Endangered Language Fund
The Endangered Language Fund (ELF) is a small non-profit organization based in New Haven, Connecticut.
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Esther Martinez Native American Languages Preservation Act
The Esther Martinez Native American Languages Preservation Act funds programs that work "to preserve Native American languages." It is named for Esther Martinez, a teacher and storyteller who lived to be 94 years old, and was nationally known for her dedication to preserving the Tewa language.
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George H. W. Bush
George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993.
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.
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Harris W. Fawell
Harris W. Fawell (born March 25, 1929) is an American politician and former Republican member of the Illinois Senate from 1963 to 1977, and was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1968 and 1988.
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Indigenous languages of the Americas
Indigenous languages of the Americas are spoken by indigenous peoples from Alaska and Greenland to the southern tip of South America, encompassing the land masses that constitute the Americas.
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Indigenous peoples of the Americas
The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.
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John McCain
John Sidney McCain III (born August 29, 1936) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Arizona, a seat he was first elected to in 1986.
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John Walsh (U.S. Senator)
John Edward Walsh (born November 3, 1960) is an American politician who served as the junior United States Senator from Montana from 2014 to 2015.
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Language policy
Many countries have a language policy designed to favor or discourage the use of a particular language or set of languages.
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Language revitalization
Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one.
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Lau v. Nichols
Lau v. Nichols, 414 U.S. 563 (1974), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously decided that the lack of supplemental language instruction in public school for students with limited English proficiency violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
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Lisa Murkowski
Lisa Ann Murkowski (born May 22, 1957) is the senior United States Senator from Alaska and member of the Republican Party.
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Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969, assuming the office after having served as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963.
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Native Hawaiians
Native Hawaiians (Hawaiian: kānaka ʻōiwi, kānaka maoli, and Hawaiʻi maoli) are the aboriginal Polynesian people of the Hawaiian Islands or their descendants.
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Native Language Immersion Student Achievement Act
The Native Language Immersion Student Achievement Act, S. 1948 was introduced on Jan 16, 2014.
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New Spain
The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de la Nueva España) was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
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Pacific Islander
Pacific Islanders or Pasifikas are the peoples of the Pacific Islands.
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Pūnana Leo
Pūnana Leo (Hawaiian: "voice nest"; often translated as "language nest") are private, non-profit preschools run by families, in which the Hawaiian language is the language of instruction and administration.
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Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.
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Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974, when he resigned from office, the only U.S. president to do so.
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Stratum (linguistics)
In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for "layer") or strate is a language that influences, or is influenced by another through contact.
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Tim Johnson (South Dakota politician)
Timothy Peter Johnson (born December 28, 1946) is a retired American politician who served as a United States Senator from South Dakota from 1997 to 2015.
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Title 25 of the United States Code
Title 25 of the United States Code outlines the role of Indians in the United States Code.
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U.S. English (organization)
U.S. English is the umbrella name for two American political advocacy groups founded in 1983 by former United States Senator S.I. Hayakawa to advocate the adoption of English as the official language of the United States.
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United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce
The Committee on Education and the Workforce is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives.
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United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs
The Senate Committee on Indian Affairs is a committee of the United States Senate charged with oversight in matters related to the Native American, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native peoples.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_Languages_Act_of_1990
