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151 relations: Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine, Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis, Alexander Suvorov, Anton I, Prince Esterházy, Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen, Army of the Danube, Army of the Rhine and Moselle, Augsburg, Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791), Šabac, Bad Ischl, Bad Mergentheim, Baden-Württemberg, Basel, Battle of Amberg, Battle of Emmendingen, Battle of Froeschwiller (1793), Battle of Kaiserslautern, Battle of Mainz, Battle of Neerwinden (1793), Battle of Ostrach, Battle of Schliengen, Battle of Stockach (1799), Battle of Verdun (1792), Battle of Würzburg, Belgium, Bellheim, Black Forest, Breisgau, Cadet branch, Canister shot, Cantons of Switzerland, Captain (armed forces), Charles Albert III, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, Charles Egon II, Prince of Fürstenberg, Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser, Danube, Declaration of Pillnitz, Dominique Vandamme, Donaueschingen, Einhard, Elisabeth zu Fürstenberg, Elz (Rhine), Engen, Germany, Ernst Gideon von Laudon, Estates General (France), Fähnrich, Fürst, Feint, Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, ..., Field marshal, Frankfurt, Franz de Paula Ulrich, 3rd Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau, Franz Moritz von Lacy, Frederick William II of Prussia, Free imperial city, Freikorps, French campaign in Egypt and Syria, French Directory, French Revolution, French Revolutionary Wars, Gabriel Anton, Baron Splény de Miháldy, Generalissimo, Georges Joseph Dufour, Germany, Germersheim, Geudertheim, Grenadier, Haguenau, Hördt, Heiligenberg, Helvetic Republic, House of Fürstenberg (Swabia), House of Habsburg, Huningue, Imperial Circle, Inhaber, Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars, Jean Charles Abbatucci, Jean Victor Marie Moreau, Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, Jean-Charles Pichegru, Johann Kollowrat, Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, Kappel-Grafenhausen, Karlsruhe, Kehl, Kempten, Kenzingen, Ketsch, Knights Hospitaller, Kupferzell, Lake Constance, Landau, Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, Lauterbourg, Lazare Hoche, Lech (river), Leimersheim, Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, Linz, List of rulers of Bavaria, Louis XVI of France, Main (river), Major, Major general, Mantua, Marie Antoinette, Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour, Memmingen, Military science, Napoleon, National Convention, Order of chivalry, Order of Saint Hubert, Ostrach, Ottoman Empire, Parthenopean Republic, Paul I of Russia, Paul II Anton, Prince Esterházy, Pfullendorf, Prague, Primogeniture, Rastatt, Rhine, Rhineland, Riegel am Kaiserstuhl, Rust, Baden-Württemberg, Sacrament, Salem Abbey, Sava, Seven Years' War, Siege of Kehl (1796–97), Siege of Malta (1798–1800), Speyer, Stockach, Strasbourg, Stuttgart, Swabia, Swabian Circle, Switzerland, T. C. W. Blanning, Thurn und Taxis, Treaty of Campo Formio, Treaty of Leoben, Trier, Ulm, War of the Bavarian Succession, War of the First Coalition, War of the Second Coalition, War of the Spanish Succession. Expand index (101 more) »
Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine (4 February 174028 August 1793) was a French general.
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Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis
Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis, full German name: Alexander Ferdinand Fürst von Thurn und Taxis (21 March 1704, Frankfurt am Main, Free Imperial City of Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire – 17 March 1773, Regensburg, Free Imperial City of Regensburg, Holy Roman Empire) was the third Prince of Thurn and Taxis, Postmaster General of the Imperial Reichspost, and Head of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis from 8 November 1739 until his death on 17 March 1773.
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Alexander Suvorov
Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров, r Aleksandr Vasil‘evich Suvorov; or 1730 –) was a Russian military leader, considered a national hero.
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Anton I, Prince Esterházy
Anton (Antal), Prince Esterházy de Galántha (11 April 1738 – 22 January 1794) was a prince of Hungary, a member of the wealthy Esterházy family.
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Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (German: Erzherzog Carl Ludwig Johann Joseph Laurentius von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen; 5 September 177130 April 1847) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of Emperor Leopold II and his wife, Maria Luisa of Spain.
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Army of the Danube
The Army of the Danube (Armée du Danube) was a field army of the French Directory in the 1799 southwestern campaign in the Upper Danube valley.
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Army of the Rhine and Moselle
The Army of the Rhine and Moselle (Armée de Rhin-et-Moselle) was one of the field units of the French Revolutionary Army.
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Augsburg
Augsburg (Augschburg) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany.
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Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)
Austro-Turkish War, was fought in 1788–91 between the Habsburg Monarchy (Austria) and the Ottoman Empire, concurrently with the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792).
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Šabac
Šabac (Serbian Cyrillic: Шабац) is a city located in the Mačva region of western Serbia.
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Bad Ischl
Bad Ischl is a spa town in Austria.
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Bad Mergentheim
Bad Mergentheim (Mergentheim until 1926) is a town in the Main-Tauber-Kreis district in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.
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Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is a state in southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the border with France.
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Basel
Basel (also Basle; Basel; Bâle; Basilea) is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine.
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Battle of Amberg
The Battle of Amberg, fought on 24 August 1796, resulted in an Austrian victory by Archduke Charles over a French army led by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan.
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Battle of Emmendingen
At the Battle of Emmendingen, on 19 October 1796, the French Army of Rhin-et-Moselle under Jean Victor Marie Moreau fought the First Coalition Army of the Upper Rhine commanded by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen.
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Battle of Froeschwiller (1793)
The Battle of Froeschwiller (18–22 December 1793) saw Republican French armies led by Lazare Hoche and Charles Pichegru attack a Habsburg Austrian army commanded by Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser.
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Battle of Kaiserslautern
The Battle of Kaiserslautern (28–30 November 1793) saw a Coalition army under Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel oppose a Republican French army led by Lazare Hoche.
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Battle of Mainz
The Battle of Mainz (29 October 1795) saw a Habsburg Austrian army led by François Sebastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt launch a surprise assault against four divisions of the French Army of Rhin-et-Moselle directed by François Ignace Schaal.
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Battle of Neerwinden (1793)
The Second Battle of Neerwinden (18 March 1793) saw a Republican French army led by Charles François Dumouriez attack a Coalition army commanded by Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
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Battle of Ostrach
The Battle of Ostrach, also called the Battle by Ostrach, occurred on 20–21 March 1799.
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Battle of Schliengen
At the Battle of Schliengen (24 October 1796), both the French Army of the Rhine and Moselle under the command of Jean-Victor Moreau and the Austrian army under the command of Archduke Charles of Austria claimed victories.
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Battle of Stockach (1799)
The Battle of Stockach occurred on 25 March 1799, when French and Austrian armies fought for control of the geographically strategic Hegau region in present-day Baden-Württemberg.
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Battle of Verdun (1792)
The first Battle of Verdun was fought on 20 August 1792 between French Revolutionary forces and a Prussian army during the opening months of the War of the First Coalition.
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Battle of Würzburg
The Battle of Würzburg was fought on 3 September 1796 between an army of Habsburg Austria led by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen and an army of the First French Republic led by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan.
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Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.
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Bellheim
Bellheim is a municipality in the district of Germersheim in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
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Black Forest
The Black Forest (Schwarzwald) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany.
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Breisgau
Breisgau is an area in southwest Germany between the Rhine River and the foothills of the Black Forest.
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Cadet branch
In history and heraldry, a cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch or patriarch's younger sons (cadets).
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Canister shot
Canister shot is a kind of anti-personnel ammunition used in cannons.
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Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland (Kanton, canton, cantone, chantun) are the member states of the Swiss Confederation.
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Captain (armed forces)
The army rank of captain (from the French capitaine) is a commissioned officer rank historically corresponding to the command of a company of soldiers.
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Charles Albert III, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst
Charles Albert III, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (28 February 1776 – 15 June 1843) was the 4th Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst from 1796 to 1843.
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Charles Egon II, Prince of Fürstenberg
Charles Egon II, Prince of Fürstenberg (German - Karl Egon II. Fürst zu Fürstenberg; 28 October 1796 - 22 October 1854) was a German politician and nobleman.
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Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser
Dagobert Sigismund, Count von Wurmser (7 May 1724 – 22 August 1797) was an Austrian field marshal during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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Danube
The Danube or Donau (known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga.
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Declaration of Pillnitz
The Declaration of Pilnite, more commonly referred to as the Declaration of Pillnitz, was a statement issued on 27 August 1791 at Pillnitz Castle near Dresden (Saxony) by Frederick William II of Prussia and the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II who was Marie Antoinette's brother.
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Dominique Vandamme
General Dominique-Joseph René Vandamme, Count of Unseburg (5 November 1770, Cassel, Nord15 July 1830) was a French military officer, who fought in the Napoleonic Wars.
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Donaueschingen
Donaueschingen is a German town in the Black Forest in the southwest of the federal state of Baden-Württemberg in the Schwarzwald-Baar ''Kreis''.
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Einhard
Einhard (also Eginhard or Einhart; Einhardus; 775 – March 14, 840 AD) was a Frankish scholar and courtier.
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Elisabeth zu Fürstenberg
Elisabeth zu Fürstenberg (1767-1822), was a Princess consort of Fürstenberg by marriage to Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg.
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Elz (Rhine)
The Elz is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, a right tributary of the Rhine.
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Engen, Germany
Engen is a town in the district of Konstanz, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Ernst Gideon von Laudon
Baron Ernst Gideon von Laudon (German: Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon (originally Laudohn or Loudon) (13 February 1717 – 14 July 1790) was an Austrian generalisimo, one of the most successful opponents of the Prussian king Frederick the Great, allegedly lauded by Alexander Suvorov as his teacher. He served the position of military governorship of Habsburg Serbia from his capture of Belgrade in 1789 until his death, cooperating with the resistance fighters of Koča Anđelković.
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Estates General (France)
In France under the Old Regime, the Estates General (French: États généraux) or States-General was a legislative and consultative assembly (see The Estates) of the different classes (or estates) of French subjects.
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Fähnrich
Fähnrich is an officer candidate rank in the Austrian Bundesheer and German Bundeswehr.
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Fürst
Fürst (female form Fürstin, plural Fürsten; from Old High German furisto, "the first", a translation of the Latin princeps) is a German word for a ruler and is also a princely title.
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Feint
Feint is a French term that entered English via the discipline of swordsmanship and fencing.
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Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand I (12 January 1751 – 4 January 1825), was the King of the Two Sicilies from 1816, after his restoration following victory in the Napoleonic Wars.
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Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is a very senior military rank, ordinarily senior to the general officer ranks.
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Frankfurt
Frankfurt, officially the City of Frankfurt am Main ("Frankfurt on the Main"), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany.
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Franz de Paula Ulrich, 3rd Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau
Franz de Paula Ulrich, 3rd Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz und Tettau, was a Bohemian noble and general in service of the House of Habsburg. He was born in Zlonice, Bohemia, 23 June 1726, and died in Prague, Bohemia (present day Czech Republic) 19 December 1792. Originally a career bureaucrat in Habsburg state service, he inherited the family properties and title following the deaths of his father and his uncle in 1749, and the childless death of his cousin in 1752. Upon his succession, he left state service and joined the Habsburg military. He distinguished himself in several battles of the Seven Years' War, particularly at the battles of Lobositz and Kolin. He retired from the military in 1778, just prior to the War of the Bavarian Succession, to care for his widespread estates in Moravia, Bohemia, and Vienna. He died in 1792.
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Franz Moritz von Lacy
Franz Moritz Graf von Lacy (English: Francis Maurice de Lacy, Russian: Boris Petrovich Lassi; 21 October 1725 – 24 November 1801), was the son of Count Peter von Lacy and was a famous Austrian field marshal.
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Frederick William II of Prussia
Frederick William II (Friedrich Wilhelm II.; 25 September 1744 – 16 November 1797) was King of Prussia from 1786 until his death.
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Free imperial city
In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term free and imperial cities (Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, urbs imperialis libera), was used from the fifteenth century to denote a self-ruling city that had a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet.
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Freikorps
Freikorps ("Free Corps") were German volunteer units that existed from the 18th to the early 20th centuries, which effectively fought as mercenary or private armies, regardless of their own nationality.
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French campaign in Egypt and Syria
The French Campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) was Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign in the Ottoman territories of Egypt and Syria, proclaimed to defend French trade interests, weaken Britain's access to British India, and to establish scientific enterprise in the region.
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French Directory
The Directory or Directorate was a five-member committee which governed France from 1795, when it replaced the Committee of Public Safety.
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French Revolution
The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.
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French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution.
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Gabriel Anton, Baron Splény de Miháldy
Gabriel Anton, Baron Splény de Miháldy (Ternye, Hungary, 2 October 1734 - Szilvás-Újfalu, Hungary, 1 April 1818) was a nobleman and general of the Austrian Empire during the War of the First Coalition, retiring in 1795, also the first District-Governor of Bukovina (1774-1778).
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Generalissimo
Generalissimo is a military rank of the highest degree, superior to field marshal and other five-star ranks in the countries where they are used.
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Georges Joseph Dufour
Georges Joseph Dufour (1758-1820) was a French Republican and military commander during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Germersheim
Germersheim is a town in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, of around 20,000 inhabitants.
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Geudertheim
Geudertheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
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Grenadier
A grenadier (derived from the word grenade) was originally a specialized soldier, first established as a distinct role in the mid-to-late 17th century, for the throwing of grenades and sometimes assault operations.
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Haguenau
Haguenau (Haguenau,; Alsatian: Hàwenau or Hàjenöi; and historically in English: Hagenaw) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department of France, of which it is a sub-prefecture.
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Hördt
Hördt is a municipality in the district of Germersheim, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
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Heiligenberg
Heiligenberg is a municipality and a village in the Bodensee district in Baden-Württemberg, about seven kilometres north of Salem, in Germany.
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Helvetic Republic
In Swiss history, the Helvetic Republic (1798–1803) represented an early attempt to impose a central authority over Switzerland, which until then had consisted of self-governing cantons united by a loose military alliance (and ruling over subject territories such as Vaud).
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House of Fürstenberg (Swabia)
Fürstenberg is the name of a Swabian noble house in Germany, based primarily in what is today southern Baden-Württemberg near the source of the Danube river.
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House of Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (traditionally spelled Hapsburg in English), also called House of Austria was one of the most influential and distinguished royal houses of Europe.
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Huningue
Huningue (Alsatian: Hinige) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of Alsace in north-eastern France.
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Imperial Circle
During the Early Modern period the Holy Roman Empire was divided into Imperial Circles (Circuli imperii, Reichskreise; singular Circulus imperii, Reichskreis), administrative groupings whose primary purposes were the organization of common defensive structure and the collection of imperial taxes.
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Inhaber
A Proprietor, or Inhaber, was a term used in the Habsburg military to denote special honors extended to a noble or aristocrat.
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Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars
The Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802) were a series of conflicts fought principally in Northern Italy between the French Revolutionary Army and a Coalition of Austria, Russia, Piedmont-Sardinia, and a number of other Italian states.
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Jean Charles Abbatucci
Jean Charles Abbatucci or Abatucci (15 November 1771 - 2 December 1796) was a French general during the War of the First Coalition.
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Jean Victor Marie Moreau
Jean Victor Marie Moreau (14 February 1763 – 2 September 1813) was a French general who helped Napoleon Bonaparte to power, but later became a rival and was banished to the United States.
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Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, 1st Comte Jourdan (29 April 1762 – 23 November 1833), enlisted as a private in the French royal army and rose to command armies during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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Jean-Charles Pichegru
Jean-Charles Pichegru (16 February 1761 – 5 April 1804) was a distinguished French general of the Revolutionary Wars.
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Johann Kollowrat
Feldmarschall Johann Karl, Graf von Kolowrat-Krakowsky (21 December 1748 - 5 June 1816) joined the Austrian army, fought against the Kingdom of Prussia and Ottoman Turkey before being promoted to general officer rank.
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Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to his death.
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Kappel-Grafenhausen
Kappel-Grafenhausen is a town in the district of Ortenau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
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Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe (formerly Carlsruhe) is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg, in southwest Germany, near the French-German border.
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Kehl
Kehl is a town in southwestern Germany in the Ortenaukreis, Baden-Württemberg.
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Kempten
Kempten is the largest town of Allgäu, in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany.
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Kenzingen
Kenzingen is a town in the district of Emmendingen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Ketsch
is a municipality in the district of Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located on Bertha Benz Memorial Route.
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Knights Hospitaller
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), also known as the Order of Saint John, Order of Hospitallers, Knights Hospitaller, Knights Hospitalier or Hospitallers, was a medieval Catholic military order.
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Kupferzell
Kupferzell is a town in the district of Hohenlohe in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Lake Constance
Lake Constance (Bodensee) is a lake on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps, and consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee or Upper Lake Constance, the Untersee or Lower Lake Constance, and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein.
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Landau
Landau, or Landau in der Pfalz, is an autonomous (kreisfrei) town surrounded by the Südliche Weinstraße ("Southern Wine Route") district of southern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
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Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, 1st Marquis of Gouvion-Saint-Cyr (13 April 1764 – 17 March 1830) was a French commander in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars who rose to Marshal of France and Marquis.
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Lauterbourg
Lauterbourg (historically in English: Lauterburgh) is a commune and Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est administrative region in north-eastern France.
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Lazare Hoche
Louis Lazare Hoche (24 June 1768 – 19 September 1797) was a French soldier who rose to be general of the Revolutionary army.
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Lech (river)
The Lech (Licca) is a river in Austria and Germany.
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Leimersheim
Leimersheim is a municipality in the district of Germersheim, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
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Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
Leopold II (Peter Leopold Josef Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard; 5 May 1747 1 March 1792) was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792, Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790.
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Linz
Linz (Linec) is the third-largest city of Austria and capital of the state of Upper Austria (Oberösterreich).
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List of rulers of Bavaria
The following is a list of rulers during the history of Bavaria.
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Louis XVI of France
Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793), born Louis-Auguste, was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution.
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Main (river)
The Main (is a river in Germany. With a length of (including its 52 km long source river White Main), it is the longest right tributary of the Rhine. It is also the longest river lying entirely in Germany (if the Weser and the Werra are considered as two separate rivers; together they are longer). The largest cities along the Main are Frankfurt am Main and Würzburg.
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Major
Major is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world.
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Major general
Major general (abbreviated MG, Maj. Gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries.
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Mantua
Mantua (Mantova; Emilian and Latin: Mantua) is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name.
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Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette (born Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna; 2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793) was the last Queen of France before the French Revolution.
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Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour
Count Maximilian Anton Karl Baillet de Latour (Maximilien-Antoine-Charles-Joseph Comte de Baillet de Latour) (14 December 173722 July 1806) was an Austrian general during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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Memmingen
Memmingen is a town in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany.
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Military science
Military science is the study of military processes, institutions, and behavior, along with the study of warfare, and the theory and application of organized coercive force.
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Napoleon
Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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National Convention
The National Convention (Convention nationale) was the first government of the French Revolution, following the two-year National Constituent Assembly and the one-year Legislative Assembly.
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Order of chivalry
A chivalric order, order of chivalry, order of knighthood or equestrian order is an order, confraternity or society of knights typically founded during or in inspiration of the original Catholic military orders of the Crusades (circa 1099-1291), paired with medieval concepts of ideals of chivalry.
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Order of Saint Hubert
The Royal Order of Saint Hubert is a Roman Catholic dynastic order of knighthood founded in 1444 or 1445 by Gerhard VII, Duke of Jülich-Berg.
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Ostrach
Ostrach is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Parthenopean Republic
The Parthenopean Republic (Repubblica Partenopea) was a French First Republic-supported republic in the territory of the Kingdom of Naples, formed during the French Revolutionary Wars after King Ferdinand IV fled before advancing French troops.
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Paul I of Russia
Paul I (Па́вел I Петро́вич; Pavel Petrovich) (–) reigned as Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801.
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Paul II Anton, Prince Esterházy
Prince Paul II Anton Esterházy de Galántha (22 April 1711 – 18 March 1762) was a prince of the Esterházy family.
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Pfullendorf
Pfullendorf is a small town of about 13,000 inhabitants located north of Lake Constance in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Prague
Prague (Praha, Prag) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and also the historical capital of Bohemia.
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Primogeniture
Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the paternally acknowledged, firstborn son to inherit his parent's entire or main estate, in preference to daughters, elder illegitimate sons, younger sons and collateral relatives; in some cases the estate may instead be the inheritance of the firstborn child or occasionally the firstborn daughter.
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Rastatt
Rastatt is a town with a baroque core, District of Rastatt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Rhine
--> The Rhine (Rhenus, Rein, Rhein, le Rhin,, Italiano: Reno, Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the German Rhineland and the Netherlands and eventually empties into the North Sea.
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Rhineland
The Rhineland (Rheinland, Rhénanie) is the name used for a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section.
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Riegel am Kaiserstuhl
Riegel am Kaiserstuhl (Latin Rigola) is a municipality in the district of Emmendingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Rust, Baden-Württemberg
Rust is a town in the district of Ortenau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
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Sacrament
A sacrament is a Christian rite recognized as of particular importance and significance.
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Salem Abbey
Salem Abbey (Kloster or Reichskloster Salem), also known as Salmansweiler and in Latin as Salomonis Villa, was a very prominent Cistercian monastery in Salem in the district of Bodensee about ten miles from Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Sava
The Sava (Сава) is a river in Central and Southeastern Europe, a right tributary of the Danube.
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Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.
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Siege of Kehl (1796–97)
The Siege of Kehl lasted from October 1796 to 9 January 1797. Habsburg and Württemberg regulars numbering 40,000, under the command of Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour, besieged and captured the French-controlled fortifications at the village of Kehl in the German state of Baden-Durlach. The fortifications at Kehl represented important bridgehead crossing the Rhine to Strasbourg, an Alsatian city, a French Revolutionary stronghold. This battle was part of the Rhine Campaign of 1796, in the French Revolutionary War of the First Coalition. In the 1790s, the Rhine was wild, unpredictable, and difficult to cross, in some places more than four or more times wider than it is in the twenty-first century, even under non-flood conditions. Its channels and tributaries wound through marsh and meadow and created islands of trees and vegetation that were alternate submerged by floods or exposed during the dry seasons. At Kehl and the city of Strasbourg lay a complex of bridges, gates, fortifications and barrage dams. These had been constructed by the fortress architect Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban in the seventeenth century. The crossings had been contested before: in 1678 during the French-Dutch war, in 1703 during the War of the Spanish Succession, in 1733 during the War of the Polish Succession, and earlier in 1796, when the French crossed into the German states on 23–24 June. Critical to French success was the army's ability to cross the Rhine at will. The crossings at Hüningen, near the Swiss city of Basel, and the crossing at Kehl, gave them ready access to most of southwestern Germany; from there, French armies could sweep north, south, or east, depending on their military goal. Throughout the summer of 1796, the French and the Austrians had chased each other back and forth across the south German states. By October, the Austrian force, under the command of Archduke Charles, had pushed the French back to the Rhine. With the conclusion of the Battle of Schliengen on 24 October, the French army withdrew south and west toward the Rhine. The French commander, Jean Victor Marie Moreau, offered an armistice that the Archduke was inclined to accept. The Achduke wanted to secure the Rhine crossings so he could send troops to northern Italy to relieve Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser at besieged Mantua; an armistice with Moreau would allow him to do that. However, his brother, Francis II, the Holy Roman Emperor, and the civilian military advisers of the Aulic Council categorically refused such an armistice, forcing Charles to order simultaneous sieges at Hüningen and Kehl. These tied his army to the Rhine for most of the winter. On 18 September 1796, the Austrians temporarily acquired control of the têtes-de-ponts (bridgeheads) joining Kehl and Strasbourg until a strong French counter-attack forced them to retreat. The situation remained in status quo until late October. Immediately after the Battle of Schliengen, while most of Moreau's army retreated south to cross the Rhine at Hüningen, Count Baillet Latour moved north to Kehl to begin the siege. On 22 November, the French defenders at Kehl, under Louis Desaix and the overall commander of the French Army of the Rhine and Moselle, Jean-Victor-Marie Moreau, almost ended the siege when they executed a sortie that nearly captured the Austrian artillery park. In early December, though, the Austrians expanded the siege, connecting a grand parallel with a series of batteries in a semi-circle around the village and the bridges. By late December, the completed Austrian batteries connected with the captured French fortification called Bonnet de Prêtre; from these positions, the Austrians bombarded the French defenses with enfilade fire. After the defenses were thoroughly riddled by heavy bombardment from the besiegers, the French defenders capitulated and withdrew on 9 January 1797.
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Siege of Malta (1798–1800)
The Siege of Malta, also known as the Siege of Valletta or the French Blockade (L-Imblokk tal-Franċiżi), was a two-year siege and blockade of the French garrison in Valletta and the Three Cities, the largest settlements and main port on the Mediterranean island of Malta, between 1798 and 1800.
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Speyer
Speyer (older spelling Speier, known as Spire in French and formerly as Spires in English) is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, with approximately 50,000 inhabitants.
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Stockach
Stockach is a town in the district of Konstanz, in southern Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Strasbourg
Strasbourg (Alsatian: Strossburi; Straßburg) is the capital and largest city of the Grand Est region of France and is the official seat of the European Parliament.
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Stuttgart
Stuttgart (Swabian: italics,; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg.
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Swabia
Swabia (Schwaben, colloquially Schwabenland or Ländle; in English also archaic Suabia or Svebia) is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany.
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Swabian Circle
The Circle of Swabia or Swabian Circle (Schwäbischer Reichskreis, also Schwäbischer Kreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1500 on the territory of the former German stem-duchy of Swabia.
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Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.
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T. C. W. Blanning
Timothy Blanning is a Professor of history and politics at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom.
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Thurn und Taxis
The Princely House of Thurn and Taxis (Fürstenhaus Thurn und Taxis) is a family of German nobility that is part of the Briefadel.
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Treaty of Campo Formio
The Treaty of Campo Formio (today Campoformido) was signed on 18 October 1797 (27 Vendémiaire VI) by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Philipp von Cobenzl as representatives of the French Republic and the Austrian monarchy, respectively.
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Treaty of Leoben
The Treaty of Leoben was a general armistice and preliminary peace agreement between the Holy Roman Empire and the First French Republic that ended the War of the First Coalition.
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Trier
Trier (Tréier), formerly known in English as Treves (Trèves) and Triers (see also names in other languages), is a city in Germany on the banks of the Moselle.
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Ulm
Ulm is a city in the federal German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the River Danube.
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War of the Bavarian Succession
A Saxon–Prussian alliance fought the War of the Bavarian Succession (July 1778 – 21 May 1779) against the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy to prevent the Habsburgs from acquiring the Electorate of Bavaria.
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War of the First Coalition
The War of the First Coalition (Guerre de la Première Coalition) is the traditional name of the wars that several European powers fought between 1792 and 1797 against the French First Republic.
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War of the Second Coalition
The War of the Second Coalition (1798–1802) was the second war on revolutionary France by the European monarchies, led by Britain, Austria and Russia, and including the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Naples, various German monarchies and Sweden.
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War of the Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) was a European conflict of the early 18th century, triggered by the death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700.
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Redirects here:
Karl Aloys von Fürstenberg, Karl Aloys zu Fuerstenberg, Karl Aloys zu Furstenberg.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Aloys_zu_Fürstenberg
