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42 relations: Athetoid cerebral palsy, Athymhormic syndrome, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Autoimmunity, Basal ganglia, Blepharospasm, Calcium, Caudate nucleus, Cerebral cortex, Direct pathway, Dominance (genetics), Dopaminergic, Fahr's syndrome, Gamma-Aminobutyric acid, Globus pallidus, Group A streptococcal infection, Hyperkinesia, Hypokinesia, Indirect pathway, Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, Limbic system, Motor cortex, Neurology, Neuron, Obsessive–compulsive disorder, Oculomotor nerve, Pallidotomy, Parkinson's disease, Pars reticulata, Prefrontal cortex, Putamen, Stereotactic surgery, Striatum, Substantia nigra, Subthalamic nucleus, Thalamus, Tic disorder, Tourette syndrome, Upper motor neuron, Ventral anterior nucleus, Ventral lateral nucleus, Wilson's disease.
Athetoid cerebral palsy
Athetoid cerebral palsy or dyskinetic cerebral palsy (sometimes abbreviated ADCP) is a type of cerebral palsy primarily associated with damage, like other forms of CP, to the basal ganglia in the form of lesions that occur during brain development due to bilirubin encephalopathy and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
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Athymhormic syndrome
Athymhormic syndrome (from the θυμός, which means mood or affect, and ὁρμή, which means impulse, drive, or appetite), or psychic akinesia, is a rare psychopathological and neurological syndrome characterized by extreme passivity, apathy, blunted affect, and a profound generalized loss of self-motivation and conscious thought.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type.
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Autoimmunity
Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues.
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Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) is a group of subcortical nuclei, of varied origin, in the brains of vertebrates including humans, which are situated at the base of the forebrain.
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Blepharospasm
Blepharospasm is any abnormal contraction or twitch of the eyelid.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Caudate nucleus
The caudate nucleus is one of the structures that make up the dorsal striatum, which is a component of the basal ganglia.
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Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the largest region of the cerebrum in the mammalian brain and plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, cognition, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness.
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Direct pathway
The direct pathway, sometimes known as the direct pathway of movement, is a neural pathway within the central nervous system (CNS) through the basal ganglia which facilitates the initiation and execution of voluntary movement.
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Dominance (genetics)
Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus.
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Dopaminergic
Dopaminergic means "related to dopamine" (literally, "working on dopamine"), dopamine being a common neurotransmitter.
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Fahr's syndrome
Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, also known as Fahr disease, is a rare, genetically dominant, inherited neurological disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in areas of the brain that control movement.
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Gamma-Aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric acid, or γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system.
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Globus pallidus
The globus pallidus (Latin for "pale globe") also known as paleostriatum or dorsal pallidum, is a subcortical structure of the brain.
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Group A streptococcal infection
A group A streptococcal infection is an infection with group A streptococcus (GAS).
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Hyperkinesia
Hyperkinesia, also known as hyperkinesis, refers to an increase in muscular activity that can result in excessive abnormal movements, excessive normal movements, or a combination of both.
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Hypokinesia
Hypokinesia refers to decreased bodily movement.
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Indirect pathway
The indirect pathway sometimes known as the indirect pathway of movement is a neuronal circuit through the basal ganglia and several associated nuclei within the central nervous system (CNS) which helps to prevent unwanted muscle contractions from competing with voluntary movements.
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Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
Lesch–Nyhan syndrome (LNS), also known as juvenile gout, is a rare inherited disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), produced by mutations in the HPRT gene located on the X chromosome.
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Limbic system
The limbic system is a set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, immediately beneath the cerebrum.
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Motor cortex
The motor cortex is the region of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements.
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Neurology
Neurology (from νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system.
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Neuron
A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
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Obsessive–compulsive disorder
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder where people feel the need to check things repeatedly, perform certain routines repeatedly (called "rituals"), or have certain thoughts repeatedly (called "obsessions").
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Oculomotor nerve
The oculomotor nerve is the third cranial nerve.
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Pallidotomy
Pallidotomy is a neurosurgical procedure whereby a tiny electrical probe is placed in the globus pallidus (one of the basal nuclei of the brain), which is then heated to for 60 seconds, to destroy a small area of brain cells.
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Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system.
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Pars reticulata
The pars reticulata is a portion of the substantia nigra.
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Prefrontal cortex
In mammalian brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the cerebral cortex which covers the front part of the frontal lobe.
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Putamen
The putamen is a round structure located at the base of the forebrain (telencephalon).
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Stereotactic surgery
Stereotactic surgery or stereotaxy is a minimally invasive form of surgical intervention which makes use of a three-dimensional coordinate system to locate small targets inside the body and to perform on them some action such as ablation, biopsy, lesion, injection, stimulation, implantation, radiosurgery (SRS), etc.
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Striatum
The striatum, or corpus striatum (also called the neostriatum and the striate nucleus) is a nucleus (a cluster of neurons) in the subcortical basal ganglia of the forebrain.
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Substantia nigra
The substantia nigra (SN) is a basal ganglia structure located in the midbrain that plays an important role in reward and movement.
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Subthalamic nucleus
The subthalamic nucleus is a small lens-shaped nucleus in the brain where it is, from a functional point of view, part of the basal ganglia system.
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Thalamus
The thalamus (from Greek θάλαμος, "chamber") is the large mass of gray matter in the dorsal part of the diencephalon of the brain with several functions such as relaying of sensory signals, including motor signals, to the cerebral cortex, and the regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness.
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Tic disorder
Tic disorders is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) based on type (motor or phonic) and duration of tics (sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic movements).
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Tourette syndrome
Tourette syndrome (TS or simply Tourette's) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic.
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Upper motor neuron
Upper motor neurons (UMNs) are the main source of voluntary movement.
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Ventral anterior nucleus
The ventral anterior nucleus (VA) is a nucleus of the thalamus.
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Ventral lateral nucleus
The ventral lateral nucleus (VL) is a nucleus in the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus.
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Wilson's disease
Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder in which copper builds up in the body.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_ganglia_disease
