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191 relations: Acetylcholine receptor, Active metabolite, Adrenergic receptor, Agonist, Alertness, Allopregnanolone, Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor, Alprazolam, Amitriptyline, Amphetamine, Antidepressant, Antipsychotic, Anxiolytic, Atenolol, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Bacteria, Behavioural sciences, Binding selectivity, Biological activity, Biosynthesis, Blood plasma, Body dysmorphic disorder, Boxed warning, Brain, Breastfeeding, Bupropion, Carbamazepine, Case report, Chlorprothixene, Cis–trans isomerism, Citalopram, Clinical trial, Clomipramine, Clonazepam, Clozapine, Cmax (pharmacology), CNN, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Contraindication, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, Cytochrome P450, Deamination, Demethylation, Desipramine, ..., Desmethylsertraline, Dextromethorphan, Diarrhea, Diazepam, Digoxin, Disulfiram, Dopamine receptor, Dopamine receptor D2, Dopamine reuptake inhibitor, Dopamine transporter, Dopaminergic, Enzyme, Enzyme inhibitor, Erythromycin, Escitalopram, Euphoria, Extracellular, Flicker fusion threshold, Fluency, Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Food and Drug Administration, Generalized anxiety disorder, Generic drug, Hallucination, Haloperidol, Histamine H1 receptor, Histamine receptor, IC50, Igmesine, Imipramine, In vitro, In vivo, Intention-to-treat analysis, Isocarboxazid, Isozyme, Kenneth Koe, Lamotrigine, Liebowitz social anxiety scale, Ligand (biochemistry), Lithium (medication), Liver, Lometraline, Luteal phase, Major depressive disorder, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Melancholic depression, Memory span, Mental chronometry, Metabolic pathway, Metabolism, Metabolite, Methadone, Methylphenidate, Metoprolol, Mirtazapine, Moclobemide, Molar concentration, Monoamine oxidase, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Motor coordination, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Nausea, Nefazodone, Neurosteroid, Neurotransmission, Nomifensine, Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, Norepinephrine transporter, Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor, Nortriptyline, Obsessive–compulsive disorder, Oral administration, Orgasm, Panic disorder, Paroxetine, Pathophysiology, Pfizer, Pharmacology, Phenytoin, Pimozide, Placebo, Plasma protein binding, Platelet, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Potency (pharmacology), Pregnancy, Premature ejaculation, Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, Premenstrual syndrome, Quality of life, Reboxetine, Receptor antagonist, Reuptake, Reuptake inhibitor, Science (journal), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Seproxetine, Serotonergic, Serotonin, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Serotonin syndrome, Serotonin transporter, Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitor, Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor, Sexual arousal, Sexual arousal disorder, Sexual desire, Sexual dysfunction, Short-term memory, Sigma receptor, Sigma-1 receptor, Sigma-2 receptor, Social anxiety disorder, Solution, Statistical significance, Stereoisomerism, Stimulant, Structural analog, Substance abuse, Substrate (chemistry), Suicidal ideation, Tablet (pharmacy), Tametraline, Terfenadine, The Guardian, Tolbutamide, Tranylcypromine, Tricyclic antidepressant, United Kingdom, Vascular headache, Venlafaxine, Warfarin, Zolpidem, 3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 5-HT receptor, 5-HT1A receptor, 5-HT2A receptor, 5-HT2C receptor, 5α-Dihydroprogesterone. Expand index (141 more) »
Acetylcholine receptor
An acetylcholine receptor (abbreviated AChR) is an integral membrane protein that responds to the binding of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter.
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Active metabolite
An active metabolite is an active form of a drug after it has been processed by the body.
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Adrenergic receptor
The adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the catecholamines, especially norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline).
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Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response.
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Alertness
Alertness is the state of active attention by high sensory awareness such as being watchful and prompt to meet danger or emergency, or being quick to perceive and act.
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Allopregnanolone
Allopregnanolone, also known as 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one or 3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone (3α,5α-THP), as well as brexanolone, is an endogenous inhibitory pregnane neurosteroid.
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Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor
The alpha-1 (α1) adrenergic receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) associated with the Gq heterotrimeric G-protein.
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Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor
The alpha-2 (α2) adrenergic receptor (or adrenoceptor) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) associated with the Gi heterotrimeric G-protein.
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Alprazolam
Alprazolam, available under the trade name Xanax, is a potent, short-acting benzodiazepine anxiolytic—a minor tranquilizer.
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Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline, sold under the brand name Elavil among others, is a medicine primarily used to treat a number of mental illnesses.
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Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.
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Antidepressant
Antidepressants are drugs used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and other conditions, including dysthymia, anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, eating disorders, chronic pain, neuropathic pain and, in some cases, dysmenorrhoea, snoring, migraine, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), addiction, dependence, and sleep disorders.
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Antipsychotic
Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics or major tranquilizers, are a class of medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Anxiolytic
An anxiolytic (also antipanic or antianxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that inhibits anxiety.
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Atenolol
Atenolol is a selective β1 receptor antagonist, a drug belonging to the group of beta blockers (sometimes written β-blockers), a class of drugs used primarily in cardiovascular diseases.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Behavioural sciences
The term behavioral sciences encompasses the various disciplines that explores the cognitive processes within organisms and the behavioural interactions between organisms in the natural world.
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Binding selectivity
Binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex.
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Biological activity
In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter.
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Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms.
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Blood plasma
Blood plasma is a yellowish coloured liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells.
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Body dysmorphic disorder
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), occasionally still called dysmorphophobia, is a mental disorder characterized by the obsessive idea that some aspect of one's own body part or appearance is severely flawed and warrants exceptional measures to hide or fix their dysmorphic part on their person.
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Boxed warning
In the United States, a boxed warning (sometimes "black box warning", colloquially) is a type of warning that appears on the package insert for certain prescription drugs, so called because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifies that it is formatted with a 'box' or border around the text.
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Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
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Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the feeding of babies and young children with milk from a woman's breast.
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Bupropion
Bupropion, sold under the brand names Wellbutrin and Zyban among others, is a medication primarily used as an antidepressant and smoking cessation aid.
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Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine (CBZ), sold under the tradename Tegretol, among others, is a medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.
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Case report
In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient.
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Chlorprothixene
Chlorprothixene, sold under the brand name Truxal among others, is a typical antipsychotic of the thioxanthene group.
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Cis–trans isomerism
Cis–trans isomerism, also known as geometric isomerism or configurational isomerism, is a term used in organic chemistry.
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Citalopram
Citalopram (brand names: Celexa, Cipramil and others) is an antidepressant drug of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.
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Clinical trial
Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research.
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Clomipramine
Clomipramine, sold under the brand name Anafranil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA).
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Clonazepam
Clonazepam, sold under the brand name Klonopin among others, is a medication used to prevent and treat seizures, panic disorder, and for the movement disorder known as akathisia.
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Clozapine
Clozapine, sold under the brand name Clozaril among others, is an atypical antipsychotic medication.
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Cmax (pharmacology)
Cmax is the maximum (or peak) serum concentration that a drug achieves in a specified compartment or test area of the body after the drug has been administrated and before the administration of a second dose.
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CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel and an independent subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia.
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Cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psycho-social intervention that is the most widely used evidence-based practice aimed at improving mental health.
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Contraindication
In medicine, a contraindication is a condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient.
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CYP1A2
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (abbreviated CYP1A2), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body.
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CYP2B6
Cytochrome P450 2B6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2B6 gene.
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CYP2C19
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (abbreviated CYP2C19) is an enzyme.
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CYP2C9
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (abbreviated CYP2C9) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2C9 gene.
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CYP2D6
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2D6 gene.
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CYP3A4
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine.
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Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are proteins of the superfamily containing heme as a cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins.
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Deamination
Deamination is the removal of an amine group from a protein molecule.
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Demethylation
Demethylation is the chemical process resulting in the removal of a methyl group (CH3) from a molecule.
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Desipramine
Desipramine, sold under the brand name Norpramin and Pertofrane among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used in the treatment of depression.
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Desmethylsertraline
Desmethylsertraline (DMS), also known as norsertraline, is an active metabolite of the antidepressant drug sertraline.
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Dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan (DXM or DM) is a drug of the morphinan class with sedative, dissociative, and stimulant properties (at higher doses).
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Diarrhea
Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.
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Diazepam
Diazepam, first marketed as Valium, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that typically produces a calming effect.
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Digoxin
Digoxin, sold under the brand name Lanoxin among others, is a medication used to treat various heart conditions.
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Disulfiram
Disulfiram (sold under the trade names Antabuse and Antabus) is a drug used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to ethanol (drinking alcohol).
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Dopamine receptor
Dopamine receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are prominent in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS).
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Dopamine receptor D2
Dopamine receptor D2, also known as D2R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene.
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Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
A dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) is a class of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine by blocking the action of the dopamine transporter (DAT).
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Dopamine transporter
The dopamine transporter (also dopamine active transporter, DAT, SLC6A3) is a membrane-spanning protein that pumps the neurotransmitter dopamine out of the synaptic cleft back into cytosol.
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Dopaminergic
Dopaminergic means "related to dopamine" (literally, "working on dopamine"), dopamine being a common neurotransmitter.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Enzyme inhibitor
4QI9) An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.
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Erythromycin
Erythromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.
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Escitalopram
Escitalopram, sold under the brand names Cipralex and Lexapro among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.
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Euphoria
Euphoria is an affective state in which a person experiences pleasure or excitement and intense feelings of well-being and happiness.
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Extracellular
In cell biology, molecular biology and related fields, the word extracellular (or sometimes extracellular space) means "outside the cell".
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Flicker fusion threshold
The flicker fusion threshold (or flicker fusion rate) is a concept in the psychophysics of vision.
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Fluency
Fluency (also called volubility and eloquency) is the property of a person or of a system that delivers information quickly and with expertise.
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Fluoxetine
Fluoxetine, also known by trade names Prozac and Sarafem, among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.
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Fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine, sold under the brand name Luvox among others, is a medication which is used primarily for the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and is also used to treat major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders such as panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
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Generalized anxiety disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry, that is, apprehensive expectation about events or activities.
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Generic drug
A generic drug is a pharmaceutical drug that is equivalent to a brand-name product in dosage, strength, route of administration, quality, performance, and intended use, but does not carry the brand name.
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Hallucination
A hallucination is a perception in the absence of external stimulus that has qualities of real perception.
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Haloperidol
Haloperidol, marketed under the trade name Haldol among others, is a typical antipsychotic medication.
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Histamine H1 receptor
The H1 receptor is a histamine receptor belonging to the family of rhodopsin-like G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Histamine receptor
The histamine receptors are a class of G protein–coupled receptors which bind histamine as their primary endogenous ligand.
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IC50
The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) is a measure of the potency of a substance in inhibiting a specific biological or biochemical function.
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Igmesine
Igmesine (JO-1,784) is a sigma receptor agonist (IC50.
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Imipramine
Imipramine, sold under the brand name Tofranil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used mainly in the treatment of depression.
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In vitro
In vitro (meaning: in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.
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In vivo
Studies that are in vivo (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism.
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Intention-to-treat analysis
An intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis of the results of an experiment is based on the initial treatment assignment and not on the treatment eventually received.
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Isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid (Marplan, Marplon, Enerzer) is a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class used as an antidepressant.
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Isozyme
Isozymes (also known as isoenzymes or more generally as multiple forms of enzymes) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction.
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Kenneth Koe
Billie Kenneth Koe (April 15, 1925 – October 7, 2015) was an American chemist of Chinese descent.
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Lamotrigine
Lamotrigine, sold as the brand name Lamictal among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder.
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Liebowitz social anxiety scale
The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is a short questionnaire developed in 1987 by Michael Liebowitz, a psychiatrist and researcher at Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute.
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Ligand (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.
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Lithium (medication)
Lithium compounds, also known as lithium salts, are primarily used as a psychiatric medication.
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Liver
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.
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Lometraline
Lometraline (INN; developmental code name CP-14,368) is a drug and an aminotetralin derivative.
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Luteal phase
The luteal phase is the latter phase of the menstrual cycle (in humans and a few other animals) or the earlier phase of the estrous cycle (in other placental mammals).
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Major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known simply as depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations.
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Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is an executive agency of the Department of Health and Social Care in the United Kingdom which is responsible for ensuring that medicines and medical devices work and are acceptably safe.
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Melancholic depression
Melancholic depression, or depression with melancholic features, is a DSM-IV subtype of clinical depression requiring at least one of the following symptoms.
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Memory span
In psychology and neuroscience, memory span is the longest list of items that a person can repeat back in correct order immediately after presentation on 50% of all trials.
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Mental chronometry
Mental chronometry is the use of response time in perceptual-motor tasks to infer the content, duration, and temporal sequencing of cognitive operations.
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Metabolic pathway
In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Metabolite
A metabolite is the intermediate end product of metabolism.
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Methadone
Methadone, sold under the brand name Dolophine among others, is an opioid used to treat pain and as maintenance therapy or to help with tapering in people with opioid dependence.
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Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate, sold under various trade names, Ritalin being one of the most commonly known, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the phenethylamine and piperidine classes that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
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Metoprolol
Metoprolol, marketed under the tradename Lopressor among others, is a medication of the selective β1 receptor blocker type.
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Mirtazapine
Mirtazapine, sold under the brand name Remeron among others, is an atypical antidepressant which is used primarily in the treatment of depression.
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Moclobemide
Moclobemide (sold as Amira, Aurorix, Clobemix, Depnil and Manerix) is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) drug primarily used to treat depression and social anxiety. It is not approved for use in the United States, but is approved in other Western countries such as the UK and Australia (TGA approved in December 2000). It is produced by affiliates of the Hoffmann–La Roche pharmaceutical company. Initially, Aurorix was also marketed by Roche in South Africa, but was withdrawn after its patent rights expired and Cipla Medpro's Depnil and Pharma Dynamic's Clorix became available at half the cost. No significant rise in blood pressure occurs when moclobemide is combined with amines such as tyramine-containing foods or pressor amine drugs, unlike with the older nonselective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), which cause a severe rise in blood pressure with such combination. Due to the lack of anticholinergic, cardiovascular, cognitive and psychomotor impairments moclobemide is advantageous in the elderly as well as those with cardiovascular disease.
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Molar concentration
Molar concentration (also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution.
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Monoamine oxidase
L-Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines.
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).
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Motor coordination
Motor coordination is the combination of body movements created with the kinematic (such as spatial direction) and kinetic (force) parameters that result in intended actions.
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National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health in the United Kingdom, which publishes guidelines in four areas.
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Nausea
Nausea or queasiness is an unpleasant sense of unease, discomfort, and revulsion towards food.
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Nefazodone
Nefazodone, sold formerly under the brand names Serzone, Dutonin, and Nefadar among others, is an atypical antidepressant which was first marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb in 1994 but has since largely been discontinued.
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Neurosteroid
Neurosteroids, also known as neuroactive steroids, are endogenous or exogenous steroids that rapidly alter neuronal excitability through interaction with ligand-gated ion channels and other cell surface receptors.
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Neurotransmission
Neurotransmission (Latin: transmissio "passage, crossing" from transmittere "send, let through"), also called synaptic transmission, is the process by which signaling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron (the presynaptic neuron), and bind to and activate the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron (the postsynaptic neuron).
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Nomifensine
Nomifensine (Merital, Alival) is a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, i.e. a drug that increases the amount of synaptic norepinephrine and dopamine available to receptors by blocking the dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake transporters.
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Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
A norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI, NERI) or adrenergic reuptake inhibitor (ARI), is a type of drug that acts as a reuptake inhibitor for the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) by blocking the action of the norepinephrine transporter (NET).
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Norepinephrine transporter
The norepinephrine transporter (NET), also known as solute carrier family 6 member 2 (SLC6A2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A2 gene.
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Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
A norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) is a drug that acts as a reuptake inhibitor for the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine by blocking the action of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and the dopamine transporter (DAT), respectively.
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Nortriptyline
Nortriptyline, sold under the brand names Allegron, Aventyl, Noritren, Nortrilen, and Pamelor among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used to treat clinical depression.
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Obsessive–compulsive disorder
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder where people feel the need to check things repeatedly, perform certain routines repeatedly (called "rituals"), or have certain thoughts repeatedly (called "obsessions").
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Oral administration
| name.
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Orgasm
Orgasm (from Greek ὀργασμός orgasmos "excitement, swelling"; also sexual climax) is the sudden discharge of accumulated sexual excitement during the sexual response cycle, resulting in rhythmic muscular contractions in the pelvic region characterized by sexual pleasure.
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Panic disorder
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by reoccurring unexpected panic attacks.
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Paroxetine
Paroxetine, also known by trade names including Paxil and Seroxat among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It has also been used in the treatment of hot flashes and night sweats associated with menopause. It has a similar tolerability profile to other SSRIs. The common side effects include drowsiness, dry mouth, loss of appetite, sweating, trouble sleeping and delayed ejaculation. It may also be associated with a slightly increased risk of birth defects. The rate of withdrawal symptoms in young people may be higher with paroxetine and venlafaxine than other SSRIs and SNRIs. Several studies have associated paroxetine with suicidal thinking and behavior in children and adolescents. Marketing of the drug began in 1992 by the pharmaceutical company SmithKline Beecham, known since 2000 as GlaxoSmithKline. Generic formulations have been available since 2003 when the patent expired. The United States Department of Justice fined GlaxoSmithKline $3 billion in 2012, including a sum for withholding data on paroxetine, unlawfully promoting it for under-18s and preparing an article, following one of its clinical trials, study 329, that misleadingly reported the drug was effective in treating adolescent depression.
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Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology or physiopathology is a convergence of pathology with physiology.
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Pfizer
Pfizer Inc. is an American pharmaceutical conglomerate headquartered in New York City, with its research headquarters in Groton, Connecticut.
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Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species).
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Phenytoin
Phenytoin (PHT), sold under the brand name Dilantin among others, is an anti-seizure medication.
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Pimozide
Pimozide (sold under the brand name Orap) is an antipsychotic drug of the diphenylbutylpiperidine class.
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Placebo
A placebo is a substance or treatment of no intended therapeutic value.
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Plasma protein binding
Plasma protein binding refers to the degree to which medications attach to proteins within the blood.
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Platelet
Platelets, also called thrombocytes (from Greek θρόμβος, "clot" and κύτος, "cell"), are a component of blood whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Acceptable variants of this term exist; see the Terminology section in this article.
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Potency (pharmacology)
In the field of pharmacology, potency is a measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount required to produce an effect of given intensity.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Premature ejaculation
Premature ejaculation (PE) occurs when a man experiences orgasm and expels semen soon after sexual activity and with minimal penile stimulation.
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Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe and disabling form of premenstrual syndrome affecting 3–8% of menstruating women.
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Premenstrual syndrome
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to physical and emotional symptoms that occur in the one to two weeks before a woman's period.
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Quality of life
Quality of life (QOL) is the general well-being of individuals and societies, outlining negative and positive features of life.
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Reboxetine
Reboxetine, sold under the brand name Edronax among others, is a drug of the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) class, marketed as an antidepressant by Pfizer for use in the treatment of major depression, although it has also been used off-label for panic disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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Receptor antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.
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Reuptake
Reuptake is the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter located along the plasma membrane of an axon terminal (i.e., the pre-synaptic neuron at a synapse) or glial cell after it has performed its function of transmitting a neural impulse.
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Reuptake inhibitor
A reuptake inhibitor (RI) is a type of drug known as a reuptake modulator that inhibits the plasmalemmal transporter-mediated reuptake of a neurotransmitter from the synapse into the pre-synaptic neuron.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders.
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Seproxetine
Seproxetine, also known as (S)-norfluoxetine, is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).
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Serotonergic
Serotonergic or serotoninergic means "pertaining to or affecting serotonin".
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Serotonin
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.
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Serotonin reuptake inhibitor
A serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) is a type of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) by blocking the action of the serotonin transporter (SERT).
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Serotonin syndrome
Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a group of symptoms that may occur following use of certain serotonergic medications or drugs.
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Serotonin transporter
The serotonin transporter (SERT or 5-HTT) also known as the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter and solute carrier family 6 member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A4 gene.
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Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
A serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SDRI) is a type of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine by blocking the actions of the serotonin transporter (SERT) and dopamine transporter (DAT), respectively.
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Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressant drugs that treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and can also treat anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), and menopausal symptoms.
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Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
A serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI), also known as a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI), is a type of drug that acts as a combined reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
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Sexual arousal
Sexual arousal (also sexual excitement) is the arousal of sexual desire, during or in anticipation of sexual activity.
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Sexual arousal disorder
Sexual arousal disorder is characterized by a lack or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity in a situation that would normally produce sexual arousal, or the inability to attain or maintain typical responses to sexual arousal.
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Sexual desire
Sexual desire is a motivational state and an interest in “sexual objects or activities, or as a wish, or drive to seek out sexual objects or to engage in sexual activities”.
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Sexual dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction (or sexual malfunction or sexual disorder) is difficulty experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of a normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or orgasm.
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Short-term memory
Short-term memory (or "primary" or "active memory") is the capacity for holding, but not manipulating, a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time.
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Sigma receptor
Schematic σ receptor The sigma receptors σ1 and σ2 bind to ligands such as 4-PPBP (4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl) piperidine), SA 4503 (cutamesine), ditolylguanidine, dimethyltryptamine, and siramesine.
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Sigma-1 receptor
The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R), one of two sigma receptor subtypes, is a chaperone protein at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that modulates calcium signaling through the IP3 receptor.
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Sigma-2 receptor
The sigma-2 receptor (σ2R) is a sigma receptor subtype that has been found highly expressed in malignant cancer cells, and is currently under investigation for its potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses.
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Social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.
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Solution
In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
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Statistical significance
In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when it is very unlikely to have occurred given the null hypothesis.
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Stereoisomerism
In stereochemistry, stereoisomers are isomeric molecules that have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space.
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Stimulant
Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects.
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Structural analog
A structural analog, also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component.
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Substance abuse
Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others, and is a form of substance-related disorder.
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Substrate (chemistry)
In chemistry, a substrate is typically the chemical species being observed in a chemical reaction, which reacts with a reagent to generate a product.
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Suicidal ideation
Suicidal ideation, also known as suicidal thoughts, is thinking about or having an unusual preoccupation with suicide.
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Tablet (pharmacy)
A tablet is a pharmaceutical dosage form.
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Tametraline
Tametraline (CP-24,441) is the parent of a series of chemical compounds investigated at Pfizer that eventually led to the development of sertraline (CP-51,974-1).
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Terfenadine
Terfenadine is an antihistamine formerly used for the treatment of allergic conditions.
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The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
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Tolbutamide
Tolbutamide is a first-generation potassium channel blocker, sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic medication.
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Tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine (contracted from trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine; original trade name Parnate)Drugs.com.
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Tricyclic antidepressant
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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Vascular headache
A vascular headache is an outdated term to describe certain types of headache which were thought to be related to blood vessel swelling and hyperemia as cause of pain.
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Venlafaxine
Venlafaxine, sold under the brand name Effexor among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class.
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Warfarin
Warfarin, sold under the brand name Coumadin among others, is a medication that is used as an anticoagulant (blood thinner).
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Zolpidem
Zolpidem, sold under the brand name Ambien, among others, is a sedative primarily used for the treatment of trouble sleeping.
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3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD), also known as aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKR1C4 gene.
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5-HT receptor
5-hydroxytryptamine receptors or 5-HT receptors, or serotonin receptors, are a group of G protein-coupled receptor and ligand-gated ion channels found in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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5-HT1A receptor
The serotonin 1A receptor (or 5-HT1A receptor) is a subtype of serotonin receptor (5-HT receptor) that binds the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT).
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5-HT2A receptor
The mammalian 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).
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5-HT2C receptor
The 5-HT2C receptor is a subtype of 5-HT receptor that binds the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT).
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5α-Dihydroprogesterone
5α-Dihydroprogesterone (5α-DHP), also known as allopregnanedione, as well as 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione, is an endogenous progestogen and neurosteroid that is synthesized from progesterone.
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Redirects here:
ATC code N06AB06, ATCvet code QN06AB06, Altruline, Apo-Sertraline, Asentra, Atruline, Besitran, C17H17Cl2N, CO Sertraline, CP 51,974-1, Certraline, Concorz, Daxid, Deprax, Elrval, Emergen, Gladem, Implicane, Lustral, Sealdin, Sedoran, Selectra, Seralin, Serdep, SerivoLowfin, Serlain, Serlift, Serotop, Sertaline, Sertaline Hydrochloride, Sertaline hydrochloride, Sertragen, Sertralin, Sertraline HCL, Sertraline Hydrochloride, Sertraline hci, Sertraline hydrochloride, Sertraloft, Setraline, Stimuloton, Tresleen, Zoloft, Zosert.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline
