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Endothiodon

Endothiodon (/ɛndoʊθiːoʊdɔːn/ "inner tooth" from Greek endothi (ἔνδοθῐ), "within", and odon (ὀδών), "tooth", most likely named for the characteristic of the teeth being placed internally to the maxilla) is an extinct genus of medium to large dicynodont from the Late Permian. ^[1]

Adilabad district

Adilabad district is a district in the northern state of Telangana, India.

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Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.

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Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh (abbr. AP) is a state in the southern coastal region of India.

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Beaufort Group

The Beaufort Group is the third of the main subdivisions of the Karoo Supergroup in South Africa. Endothiodon and Beaufort Group are Karoo.

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Beaufort West

Beaufort West (Afrikaans: Beaufort-Wes; Xhosa: eBhobhofolo) is a town in the Western Cape province in South Africa. Endothiodon and Beaufort West are Karoo.

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Bidentalia

Bidentalia is a group of dicynodont therapsids.

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Brachyprosopus

Brachyprosopus is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid from the middle Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone in the Abrahamskraal Formation belonging to the Beaufort Group of the Karoo Basin, South Africa. Endothiodon and Brachyprosopus are anomodont genera, dicynodonts and fossils of South Africa.

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Brazil

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America and Latin America.

See Endothiodon and Brazil

Carnivore

A carnivore, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose food and energy requirements are met by the consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) whether through hunting or scavenging.

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Cistecephalus

Cistecephalus is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid from the Late Permian of southern Africa (South Africa and Zambia). Endothiodon and Cistecephalus are fossil taxa described in 1876, Lopingian synapsids of Africa, taxa named by Richard Owen, Wuchiapingian genus extinctions and Wuchiapingian genus first appearances.

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Cladogram

A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.

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Colobodectes

Colobodectes is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid from the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone in the Abrahamskraal Formation (Beaufort Group), South Africa. Endothiodon and Colobodectes are anomodont genera, dicynodonts and fossils of South Africa.

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Dicynodontia

Dicynodontia is an extinct clade of anomodonts, an extinct type of non-mammalian therapsid. Endothiodon and Dicynodontia are dicynodonts and taxa named by Richard Owen.

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Diictodon

Diictodon is an extinct genus of pylaecephalid dicynodont that lived during the Late Permian period, approximately 255 million years ago. Endothiodon and Diictodon are anomodont genera, dicynodonts, fossil taxa described in 1876, fossils of South Africa, fossils of Zambia, Lopingian synapsids of Africa, Wuchiapingian genus extinctions and Wuchiapingian genus first appearances.

See Endothiodon and Diictodon

Emydopoidea

Emydopoidea is a group of Late Permian dicynodont therapsids.

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Endothiodontia

Endothiodontia is a clade of dicynodont therapsids that includes the family Endothiodontidae and possibly the family Eumantellidae. Endothiodon and Endothiodontia are dicynodonts.

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Eodicynodon

Eodicynodon (eo-, early or primitive, dicynodont) is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsids, a highly diverse group of herbivorous synapsids that were widespread during the middle-late Permian and early Triassic. Endothiodon and Eodicynodon are anomodont genera, dicynodonts and fossils of South Africa.

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Eosimops

Eosimops is an extinct genus of pylaecephalid dicynodonts. Endothiodon and Eosimops are anomodont genera and dicynodonts.

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Extinction

Extinction is the termination of a taxon by the death of its last member.

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Foramen

In anatomy and osteology, a foramen (foramina, or foramens) is an opening or enclosed gap within the dense connective tissue (bones and deep fasciae) of extant and extinct amniote animals, typically to allow passage of nerves, arteries, veins or other soft tissue structures (e.g. muscle tendon) from one body compartment to another.

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Frontiers Media

Frontiers Media SA is a publisher of peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journals currently active in science, technology, and medicine.

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Genus

Genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses.

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Golleti

Goleti is a census town near to Rebbana mandal in Adilabad District of the Indian state of Telangana.

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Grazing (behaviour)

Grazing is a method of feeding in which a herbivore feeds on low-growing plants such as grasses or other multicellular organisms, such as algae.

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Harry Seeley

Harry Govier Seeley (18 February 1839 – 8 January 1909) was a British paleontologist.

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Herbivore

A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet.

See Endothiodon and Herbivore

India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

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Journal of South American Earth Sciences

The Journal of South American Earth Sciences is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier.

See Endothiodon and Journal of South American Earth Sciences

Jugal bone

The jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians and birds.

See Endothiodon and Jugal bone

Karoo

The Karoo (from the Afrikaans borrowing of the South Khoekhoe !Orakobab or Khoemana word ǃ’Aukarob "Hardveld") is a semi-desert natural region of South Africa.

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Kundaram Formation

The Kundaram Formation is a geological formation in India, located within the Pranhita–Godavari Basin. Endothiodon and Kundaram Formation are Permian India.

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Lanthanostegus

Lanthanostegus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids from the Capitanian ''Tapinocephalus'' Assemblage Zone, Koonap Formation (Beaufort Group) of South Africa. Endothiodon and Lanthanostegus are anomodont genera and fossils of South Africa.

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Leaf

A leaf (leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis.

See Endothiodon and Leaf

List of therapsids

This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms.

See Endothiodon and List of therapsids

Malawi

Malawi (in Chichewa and Chitumbuka), officially the Republic of Malawi and formerly known as Nyasaland, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa.

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Mandible

In jawed vertebrates, the mandible (from the Latin mandibula, 'for chewing'), lower jaw, or jawbone is a bone that makes up the lowerand typically more mobilecomponent of the mouth (the upper jaw being known as the maxilla).

See Endothiodon and Mandible

Morphology (biology)

Morphology in biology is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.

See Endothiodon and Morphology (biology)

Mouth

The mouth is the body orifice through which many animals ingest food and vocalize.

See Endothiodon and Mouth

Mozambique

Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Africa to the southwest.

See Endothiodon and Mozambique

Mudstone

Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds.

See Endothiodon and Mudstone

Niassodon

Niassodon is an extinct genus of kingoriid dicynodont therapsid known from the Late Permian of Niassa Province, northern Mozambique. Endothiodon and Niassodon are anomodont genera, dicynodonts and Lopingian synapsids of Africa.

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Nyaphulia

Nyaphulia is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid from the middle Permian of South Africa, containing only the type species N. oelofseni. Endothiodon and Nyaphulia are anomodont genera, dicynodonts and fossils of South Africa.

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Occlusion (dentistry)

Occlusion, in a dental context, means simply the contact between teeth.

See Endothiodon and Occlusion (dentistry)

Omnivore

An omnivore is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter.

See Endothiodon and Omnivore

Pangaea

Pangaea or Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.

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Paraná Basin

The Paraná Basin (Bacia do Paraná, Cuenca del Paraná) is a large cratonic sedimentary basin situated in the central-eastern part of South America.

See Endothiodon and Paraná Basin

Parietal eye

A parietal eye (third eye, pineal eye) is a part of the epithalamus in some vertebrates.

See Endothiodon and Parietal eye

Patranomodon

Patranomodon (from Greek πατρ- patr- “father”, thus “father of anomodonts”) is an extinct genus belonging to the group of Anomodontia. Endothiodon and Patranomodon are anomodont genera and dicynodonts.

See Endothiodon and Patranomodon

Permian

The Permian is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya.

See Endothiodon and Permian

Phylogenetics

In biology, phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms.

See Endothiodon and Phylogenetics

Pristerodon

Pristerodon is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid from the Late Permian of South Africa, Zambia and India. Endothiodon and Pristerodon are anomodont genera, dicynodonts, fossils of India, fossils of South Africa, fossils of Zambia, Lopingian synapsids of Africa and Permian India.

See Endothiodon and Pristerodon

Prosictodon

Prosictodon is an extinct genus of pylaecephalid dicynodont from Middle Permian of South Africa. Endothiodon and Prosictodon are anomodont genera and dicynodonts.

See Endothiodon and Prosictodon

Pylaecephalidae

Pylaecephalidae is a family of dicynodont therapsids that includes Diictodon, Robertia, and Prosictodon from the Permian of South Africa. Endothiodon and Pylaecephalidae are dicynodonts.

See Endothiodon and Pylaecephalidae

Richard Owen

Sir Richard Owen (20 July 1804 – 18 December 1892) was an English biologist, comparative anatomist and palaeontologist.

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Rio do Rasto Formation

The Rio do Rasto Formation is a Late Permian sedimentary geological formation in the South Region of Brazil. Endothiodon and Rio do Rasto Formation are Paraná Basin and Permian Brazil.

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River

A river is a natural flowing freshwater stream, flowing on land or inside caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river.

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Robert Broom

Robert Broom FRS FRSE (30 November 1866 6 April 1951) was a British- South African medical doctor and palaeontologist.

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Robertia

Robertia is an extinct genus of small herbivorous dicynodonts from the Middle to Late Permian of South Africa, between 260 and 265 million years ago. Endothiodon and Robertia are anomodont genera and dicynodonts.

See Endothiodon and Robertia

Sandstone

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains, cemented together by another mineral.

See Endothiodon and Sandstone

Serration

Serration is a saw-like appearance or a row of sharp or tooth-like projections.

See Endothiodon and Serration

Shale

Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.

See Endothiodon and Shale

Sidney H. Haughton

Sidney Henry Haughton FRS (7 May 1888 – 24 May 1982) was an English-born South African paleontologist and geologist best known for his description of the sauropodomorph dinosaur Melanorosaurus in 1924, and his work on the geology of the Witwatersrand.

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Siltstone

Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt.

See Endothiodon and Siltstone

South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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South America

South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere.

See Endothiodon and South America

Species

A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.

See Endothiodon and Species

Tanzania

Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, (formerly Swahililand) is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region.

See Endothiodon and Tanzania

Taphonomy

Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized or preserved in the paleontological record.

See Endothiodon and Taphonomy

Therochelonia

Therochelonia is a group of dicynodont therapsids. Endothiodon and Therochelonia are dicynodonts.

See Endothiodon and Therochelonia

Type species

In zoological nomenclature, a type species (species typica) is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen (or specimens).

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Usili Formation

The Usili Formation is a Late Permian geologic formation in Tanzania.

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Wuchiapingian

In the geologic timescale, the Wuchiapingian or Wujiapingian (from in the Liangshan area of Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province) is an age or stage of the Permian.

See Endothiodon and Wuchiapingian

Zambia

Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central, Southern and East Africa.

See Endothiodon and Zambia

Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe, relief map Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the north, and Mozambique to the east.

See Endothiodon and Zimbabwe

1876 in paleontology

Category:1870s in paleontology Paleontology.

See Endothiodon and 1876 in paleontology

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothiodon

Also known as Cryptocynodon, Emydochampsa, Endogomphodon, Endothiodon uniseries, Endothiodon whaitsi, Esoterodon, Pachytegos, Pachytegos stockleyi.

, Pristerodon, Prosictodon, Pylaecephalidae, Richard Owen, Rio do Rasto Formation, River, Robert Broom, Robertia, Sandstone, Serration, Shale, Sidney H. Haughton, Siltstone, South Africa, South America, Species, Tanzania, Taphonomy, Therochelonia, Type species, Usili Formation, Wuchiapingian, Zambia, Zimbabwe, 1876 in paleontology.

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Endothiodon

Table of Contents

See also

Anomodont genera

Dicynodonts

Fossil taxa described in 1876

Fossils of Malawi

Fossils of Zambia

Lopingian life

Permian Brazil

Permian India

Permian animals of South America

Permian synapsids of Asia

Wuchiapingian genus extinctions

Wuchiapingian genus first appearances

Wuchiapingian life

References