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Sampling (statistics)

Index Sampling (statistics)

In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset (a statistical sample) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. [1]

93 relations: Acceptance sampling, Alexander Ivanovich Chuprov, Batch production, Bayes' theorem, Bias, Biometrika, Case study, Causality, Cluster sampling, Cognitive psychology, Confidence interval, Convenience sampling, Copper, Data collection, Database, David Cox (statistician), David S. Moore, Dover Publications, Electoral roll, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Growth curve (statistics), Gy's sampling theory, Horvitz–Thompson estimator, Institute for Social Research, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Leslie Kish, Line-intercept sampling, Linear discriminant analysis, Longitudinal study, MIL-STD-105, Minimax, Monte Carlo, Multistage sampling, Multivariate analysis of variance, Mutual exclusivity, New York City, Nonprobability sampling, Observation, Official statistics, Opinion poll, Panel data, Participation bias, Paul Lazarsfeld, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Poisson sampling, Political campaign, Premium Bond, Prior probability, Probability distribution, ..., Probability theory, Pseudorandom number generator, Quality assurance, Quota sampling, Random number table, Random-sampling mechanism, Randomization, Randomness, Ratio estimator, Replication (statistics), Resampling (statistics), Robert Groves, Roulette, Russian Empire, Sample (statistics), Sampling (statistics), Sampling bias, Sampling error, Sampling fraction, Sampling frame, Selection bias, Set (mathematics), Simple random sample, Snowball sampling, Sortition, Specification (technical standard), Statistical population, Statistical theory, Statistics, Stratified sampling, Structural equation modeling, Survey methodology, Survey sampling, Systematic sampling, Telephone directory, The Literary Digest, Theodore Wilbur Anderson, Uniform distribution (continuous), United States presidential election, 1936, University of Michigan, W. Edwards Deming, W. W. Norton & Company, William Gemmell Cochran. Expand index (43 more) »

Acceptance sampling

Acceptance sampling uses statistical sampling to determine whether to accept or reject a production lot of material.

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Alexander Ivanovich Chuprov

Alexander Ivanovich Chuprov (Александр Иванович Чупров; 1841–1908) was a professor of political economy and statistics at Moscow University whose lectures provided the standard introduction to economics for late 19th-century Russian students.

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Batch production

Batch production is a technique used in manufacturing, in which the object in question is created stage by stage over a series of workstations, and different batches of products are made.

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Bayes' theorem

In probability theory and statistics, Bayes’ theorem (alternatively Bayes’ law or Bayes' rule, also written as Bayes’s theorem) describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to the event.

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Bias

Bias is disproportionate weight in favour of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

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Biometrika

Biometrika is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press for the Biometrika Trust.

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Case study

In the social sciences and life sciences, a case study is a research method involving an up-close, in-depth, and detailed examination of a subject of study (the case), as well as its related contextual conditions.

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Causality

Causality (also referred to as causation, or cause and effect) is what connects one process (the cause) with another process or state (the effect), where the first is partly responsible for the second, and the second is partly dependent on the first.

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Cluster sampling

Cluster sampling is a sampling plan used when mutually homogeneous yet internally heterogeneous groupings are evident in a statistical population.

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Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes such as "attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking".

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Confidence interval

In statistics, a confidence interval (CI) is a type of interval estimate, computed from the statistics of the observed data, that might contain the true value of an unknown population parameter.

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Convenience sampling

Convenience sampling (also known as grab sampling, accidental sampling, or opportunity sampling) is a type of non-probability sampling that involves the sample being drawn from that part of the population that is close to hand.

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Copper

Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.

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Data collection

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established systematic fashion, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes.

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Database

A database is an organized collection of data, stored and accessed electronically.

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David Cox (statistician)

Sir David Roxbee Cox (born 15 July 1924) is a prominent British statistician.

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David S. Moore

David Sheldon Moore is an American statistician, who is known for his leadership of statistics education for many decades.

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Dover Publications

Dover Publications, also known as Dover Books, is an American book publisher founded in 1941 by Hayward Cirker and his wife, Blanche.

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Electoral roll

The electoral roll (also called an electoral register or poll book) is a list of persons who are eligible to vote in a particular electoral district and who are registered to vote, if required in a particular jurisdiction.

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Electrical resistivity and conductivity

Electrical resistivity (also known as resistivity, specific electrical resistance, or volume resistivity) is a fundamental property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.

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Growth curve (statistics)

The growth curve model in statistics is a specific multivariate linear model, also known as GMANOVA (Generalized Multivariate ANalysis-Of-VAriance).

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Gy's sampling theory

Gy's sampling theory is a theory about the sampling of materials, developed by Pierre Gy from the 1950s to beginning 2000s Gy, P (2004), Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 74, 61-70.

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Horvitz–Thompson estimator

In statistics, the Horvitz–Thompson estimator, named after Daniel G. Horvitz and Donovan J. Thompson, is a method for estimating the total and mean of a superpopulation in a stratified sample.

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Institute for Social Research

The Institute for Social Research (Institut für Sozialforschung, IfS) is a research organization for sociology and continental philosophy, best known as the institutional home of the Frankfurt School and critical theory.

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International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence

The International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) is a gathering of artificial intelligence researchers and practitioners.

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Journal of the Royal Statistical Society

The Journal of the Royal Statistical Society is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of statistics.

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Leslie Kish

Leslie Kish (born László Kiss, July 27, 1910 – October 7, 2000) was a Hungarian-American statistician and survey methodologist.

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Line-intercept sampling

In statistics, line-intercept sampling (LIS) is a method of sampling elements in a region whereby an element is sampled if a chosen line segment, called a “transect”, intersects the element.

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Linear discriminant analysis

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), normal discriminant analysis (NDA), or discriminant function analysis is a generalization of Fisher's linear discriminant, a method used in statistics, pattern recognition and machine learning to find a linear combination of features that characterizes or separates two or more classes of objects or events.

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Longitudinal study

A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over short or long periods of time (i.e., uses longitudinal data).

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MIL-STD-105

MIL-STD-105 was a United States defense standard that provided procedures and tables for sampling by attributes based on Walter A. Shewhart, Harry Romig, and Harold Dodge sampling inspection theories and mathematical formulas.

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Minimax

Minimax (sometimes MinMax or MM) is a decision rule used in decision theory, game theory, statistics and philosophy for minimizing the possible loss for a worst case (maximum loss) scenario.

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Monte Carlo

Monte Carlo (Monte-Carlo, or colloquially Monte-Carl; Monégasque: Monte-Carlu) officially refers to an administrative area of the Principality of Monaco, specifically the ward of Monte Carlo/Spélugues, where the Monte Carlo Casino is located.

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Multistage sampling

In statistics, multistage sampling is the taking of samples in stages using smaller and smaller sampling units at each stage.

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Multivariate analysis of variance

In statistics, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is a procedure for comparing multivariate sample means.

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Mutual exclusivity

In logic and probability theory, two events (or propositions) are mutually exclusive or disjoint if they cannot both occur (be true).

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Nonprobability sampling

Sampling is the use of a subset of the population to represent the whole population or to inform about (social) processes that are meaningful beyond the particular cases, individuals or sites studied.

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Observation

Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source.

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Official statistics

Official statistics are statistics published by government agencies or other public bodies such as international organizations as a public good.

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Opinion poll

An opinion poll, often simply referred to as a poll or a survey, is a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample.

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Panel data

In statistics and econometrics, panel data or longitudinal data are multi-dimensional data involving measurements over time.

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Participation bias

Participation bias or non-response bias is a phenomenon in which the results of elections, studies, polls, etc.

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Paul Lazarsfeld

Paul Felix Lazarsfeld (February 13, 1901 – August 30, 1976) was an Austrian-American sociologist.

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Pierre-Simon Laplace

Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French scholar whose work was important to the development of mathematics, statistics, physics and astronomy.

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Poisson sampling

In the theory of finite population sampling, Poisson sampling is a sampling process where each element of the population is subjected to an independent Bernoulli trial which determines whether the element becomes part of the sample.

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Political campaign

A political campaign is an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making process within a specific group.

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Premium Bond

A Premium Bond is a lottery bond issued by the United Kingdom government's National Savings and Investments agency.

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Prior probability

In Bayesian statistical inference, a prior probability distribution, often simply called the prior, of an uncertain quantity is the probability distribution that would express one's beliefs about this quantity before some evidence is taken into account.

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Probability distribution

In probability theory and statistics, a probability distribution is a mathematical function that provides the probabilities of occurrence of different possible outcomes in an experiment.

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Probability theory

Probability theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability.

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Pseudorandom number generator

A pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), also known as a deterministic random bit generator (DRBG), is an algorithm for generating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate the properties of sequences of random numbers.

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Quality assurance

Quality assurance (QA) is a way of preventing mistakes and defects in manufactured products and avoiding problems when delivering solutions or services to customers; which ISO 9000 defines as "part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled".

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Quota sampling

Quota sampling is a method for selecting survey participants that is a non-probabilistic version of stratified sampling.

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Random number table

Random number tables have been in statistics for tasks such as selected random samples.

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Random-sampling mechanism

A random-sampling mechanism (RSM) is a truthful mechanism that uses sampling in order to achieve approximately-optimal gain in prior-free mechanisms and prior-independent mechanisms.

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Randomization

Randomization is the process of making something random; in various contexts this involves, for example.

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Randomness

Randomness is the lack of pattern or predictability in events.

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Ratio estimator

The ratio estimator is a statistical parameter and is defined to be the ratio of means of two random variables.

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Replication (statistics)

In engineering, science, and statistics, replication is the repetition of an experimental condition so that the variability associated with the phenomenon can be estimated.

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Resampling (statistics)

In statistics, resampling is any of a variety of methods for doing one of the following.

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Robert Groves

Robert Martin Groves (born September 27, 1948) is an American sociologist and expert in survey methodology who has served as the Provost of Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. since August 2012.

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Roulette

Roulette is a casino game named after the French word meaning little wheel.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Sample (statistics)

In statistics and quantitative research methodology, a data sample is a set of data collected and/or selected from a statistical population by a defined procedure.

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Sampling (statistics)

In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset (a statistical sample) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.

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Sampling bias

In statistics, sampling bias is a bias in which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population are less likely to be included than others.

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Sampling error

In statistics, sampling error is incurred when the statistical characteristics of a population are estimated from a subset, or sample, of that population.

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Sampling fraction

In sampling theory, the sampling fraction is the ratio of sample size to population size or, in the context of stratified sampling, the ratio of the sample size to the size of the stratum.

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Sampling frame

In statistics, a sampling frame is the source material or device from which a sample is drawn.

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Selection bias

Selection bias is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved, thereby ensuring that the sample obtained is not representative of the population intended to be analyzed.

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Set (mathematics)

In mathematics, a set is a collection of distinct objects, considered as an object in its own right.

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Simple random sample

In statistics, a simple random sample is a subset of individuals (a sample) chosen from a larger set (a population).

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Snowball sampling

In sociology and statistics research, snowball sampling (or chain sampling, chain-referral sampling, referral sampling) is a nonprobability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances.

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Sortition

In governance, sortition (also known as allotment or demarchy) is the selection of political officials as a random sample from a larger pool of candidates.

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Specification (technical standard)

A specification often refers to a set of documented requirements to be satisfied by a material, design, product, or service.

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Statistical population

In statistics, a population is a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment.

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Statistical theory

The theory of statistics provides a basis for the whole range of techniques, in both study design and data analysis, that are used within applications of statistics.

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Statistics

Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

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Stratified sampling

In statistics, stratified sampling is a method of sampling from a population.

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Structural equation modeling

Structural equation modeling (SEM) includes a diverse set of mathematical models, computer algorithms, and statistical methods that fit networks of constructs to data.

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Survey methodology

A field of applied statistics of human research surveys, survey methodology studies the sampling of individual units from a population and associated techniques of survey data collection, such as questionnaire construction and methods for improving the number and accuracy of responses to surveys.

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Survey sampling

In statistics, survey sampling describes the process of selecting a sample of elements from a target population to conduct a survey.

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Systematic sampling

Systematic sampling is a statistical method involving the selection of elements from an ordered sampling frame.

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Telephone directory

A telephone directory, also known as a telephone book, telephone address book, phone book, or the white/yellow pages, is a listing of telephone subscribers in a geographical area or subscribers to services provided by the organization that publishes the directory.

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The Literary Digest

The Literary Digest was an influential American general interest weekly magazine published by Funk & Wagnalls.

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Theodore Wilbur Anderson

Theodore Wilbur Anderson (June 5, 1918 – September 17, 2016) was an American mathematician and statistician who has specialized in the analysis of multivariate data.

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Uniform distribution (continuous)

In probability theory and statistics, the continuous uniform distribution or rectangular distribution is a family of symmetric probability distributions such that for each member of the family, all intervals of the same length on the distribution's support are equally probable.

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United States presidential election, 1936

The United States presidential election of 1936 was the thirty-eighth quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 3, 1936.

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University of Michigan

The University of Michigan (UM, U-M, U of M, or UMich), often simply referred to as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

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W. Edwards Deming

William Edwards Deming (October 14, 1900 – December 20, 1993) was an American engineer, statistician, professor, author, lecturer, and management consultant.

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W. W. Norton & Company

W.

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William Gemmell Cochran

William Gemmell Cochran (15 July 1909 – 29 March 1980) was a prominent statistician.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(statistics)

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