Table of Contents
54 relations: A Void, Abraham Sinkov, Al-Kindi, Alice and Bob, Arabic, Arabs, Arthur Conan Doyle, Axis powers, Backtracking, Bigram, Charles Wheatstone, Cicco Simonetta, Ciphertext, Ciphertext-only attack, Classical cipher, Computer, Crossword, Cryptanalysis, Cryptogram, Cryptologia, Edgar Allan Poe, English language, Enigma machine, Ernest Vincent Wright, Etaoin shrdlu, Gadsby (novel), Georges Perec, IBM, Index of coincidence, Italian language, Latin, Leon Battista Alberti, Letter frequency, Lipogram, Outline of cryptography, Plaintext, Playfair cipher, Polyalphabetic cipher, Polygraphic substitution, Polymath, Quran, Renaissance, Rotor machine, Sherlock Holmes, Signal Intelligence Service, Software, Substitution cipher, The Adventure of the Dancing Men, The Gold-Bug, Trigram, ... Expand index (4 more) »
- Frequency distribution
- Quantitative linguistics
A Void
A Void, translated from the original French La Disparition ("The Disappearance"), is a 300-page French lipogrammatic novel, written in 1969 by Georges Perec, entirely without using the letter e, following Oulipo constraints.
See Frequency analysis and A Void
Abraham Sinkov
Abraham Sinkov (August 22, 1907 – January 19, 1998) was a US cryptanalyst.
See Frequency analysis and Abraham Sinkov
Al-Kindi
Abū Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي; Alkindus) was an Arab Muslim polymath active as a philosopher, mathematician, physician, and music theorist.
See Frequency analysis and Al-Kindi
Alice and Bob
Alice and Bob are fictional characters commonly used as placeholders in discussions about cryptographic systems and protocols, and in other science and engineering literature where there are several participants in a thought experiment.
See Frequency analysis and Alice and Bob
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
See Frequency analysis and Arabic
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
See Frequency analysis and Arabs
Arthur Conan Doyle
Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a British writer and physician.
See Frequency analysis and Arthur Conan Doyle
Axis powers
The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies.
See Frequency analysis and Axis powers
Backtracking
Backtracking is a class of algorithms for finding solutions to some computational problems, notably constraint satisfaction problems, that incrementally builds candidates to the solutions, and abandons a candidate ("backtracks") as soon as it determines that the candidate cannot possibly be completed to a valid solution.
See Frequency analysis and Backtracking
Bigram
A bigram or digram is a sequence of two adjacent elements from a string of tokens, which are typically letters, syllables, or words.
See Frequency analysis and Bigram
Charles Wheatstone
Sir Charles Wheatstone (6 February 1802 – 19 October 1875), was an English scientist and inventor of the Victorian era, his contributions including to the English concertina, the stereoscope (a device for displaying three-dimensional images), and the Playfair cipher (an encryption technique).
See Frequency analysis and Charles Wheatstone
Cicco Simonetta
Francesco (Cicco) Simonetta (1410 – 30 October 1480) was an Italian Renaissance statesman who composed an early treatise on cryptography.
See Frequency analysis and Cicco Simonetta
Ciphertext
In cryptography, ciphertext or cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher.
See Frequency analysis and Ciphertext
Ciphertext-only attack
In cryptography, a ciphertext-only attack (COA) or known ciphertext attack is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker is assumed to have access only to a set of ciphertexts. Frequency analysis and ciphertext-only attack are cryptographic attacks.
See Frequency analysis and Ciphertext-only attack
Classical cipher
In cryptography, a classical cipher is a type of cipher that was used historically but for the most part, has fallen into disuse.
See Frequency analysis and Classical cipher
Computer
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to automatically carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation).
See Frequency analysis and Computer
Crossword
A crossword (or crossword puzzle) is a word game consisting of a grid of black and white squares, into which solvers enter words or phrases ("entries") crossing each other horizontally ("across") and vertically ("down") according to a set of clues.
See Frequency analysis and Crossword
Cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, "hidden", and analýein, "to analyze") refers to the process of analyzing information systems in order to understand hidden aspects of the systems. Frequency analysis and Cryptanalysis are Arab inventions and cryptographic attacks.
See Frequency analysis and Cryptanalysis
Cryptogram
A cryptogram is a type of puzzle that consists of a short piece of encrypted text.
See Frequency analysis and Cryptogram
Cryptologia
Cryptologia is a journal in cryptography published six times per year since January 1977.
See Frequency analysis and Cryptologia
Edgar Allan Poe
Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, poet, author, editor, and literary critic who is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre.
See Frequency analysis and Edgar Allan Poe
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
See Frequency analysis and English language
Enigma machine
The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication.
See Frequency analysis and Enigma machine
Ernest Vincent Wright
Ernest Vincent Wright (1872October 7, 1939) was an American writer known for his book Gadsby, a 50,000-word novel which, except for the introduction and a note at the end, did not use the letter "e".
See Frequency analysis and Ernest Vincent Wright
Etaoin shrdlu
Etaoin shrdlu is a nonsense phrase that sometimes appeared by accident in print in the days of "hot type" publishing, resulting from a custom of type-casting machine operators filling out and discarding lines of type when an error was made.
See Frequency analysis and Etaoin shrdlu
Gadsby (novel)
Gadsby is a 1939 novel by Ernest Vincent Wright, written without words that contain the letter E, the most common letter in English.
See Frequency analysis and Gadsby (novel)
Georges Perec
Georges Perec (7 March 1936 – 3 March 1982) was a French novelist, filmmaker, documentalist, and essayist.
See Frequency analysis and Georges Perec
IBM
International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York and present in over 175 countries.
See Frequency analysis and IBM
Index of coincidence
In cryptography, coincidence counting is the technique (invented by William F. Friedman) of putting two texts side-by-side and counting the number of times that identical letters appear in the same position in both texts. Frequency analysis and Index of coincidence are cryptographic attacks.
See Frequency analysis and Index of coincidence
Italian language
Italian (italiano,, or lingua italiana) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire.
See Frequency analysis and Italian language
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
See Frequency analysis and Latin
Leon Battista Alberti
Leon Battista Alberti (14 February 1404 – 25 April 1472) was an Italian Renaissance humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, and cryptographer; he epitomised the nature of those identified now as polymaths.
See Frequency analysis and Leon Battista Alberti
Letter frequency
Letter frequency is the number of times letters of the alphabet appear on average in written language. Frequency analysis and letter frequency are frequency distribution and Quantitative linguistics.
See Frequency analysis and Letter frequency
Lipogram
A lipogram (from λειπογράμματος, leipográmmatos, "leaving out a letter") is a kind of constrained writing or word game consisting of writing paragraphs or longer works in which a particular letter or group of letters is avoided.
See Frequency analysis and Lipogram
Outline of cryptography
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cryptography: Cryptography (or cryptology) – practice and study of hiding information.
See Frequency analysis and Outline of cryptography
Plaintext
In cryptography, plaintext usually means unencrypted information pending input into cryptographic algorithms, usually encryption algorithms.
See Frequency analysis and Plaintext
Playfair cipher
The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone–Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution cipher.
See Frequency analysis and Playfair cipher
Polyalphabetic cipher
A polyalphabetic cipher is a substitution, using multiple substitution alphabets.
See Frequency analysis and Polyalphabetic cipher
Polygraphic substitution
Polygraphic substitution is a cipher in which a uniform substitution is performed on blocks of letters.
See Frequency analysis and Polygraphic substitution
Polymath
A polymath (lit; lit) or polyhistor (lit) is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems.
See Frequency analysis and Polymath
Quran
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).
See Frequency analysis and Quran
Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.
See Frequency analysis and Renaissance
Rotor machine
In cryptography, a rotor machine is an electro-mechanical stream cipher device used for encrypting and decrypting messages.
See Frequency analysis and Rotor machine
Sherlock Holmes
Sherlock Holmes is a fictional detective created by British author Arthur Conan Doyle.
See Frequency analysis and Sherlock Holmes
Signal Intelligence Service
The Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) was the United States Army codebreaking division through World War II.
See Frequency analysis and Signal Intelligence Service
Software
Software consists of computer programs that instruct the execution of a computer.
See Frequency analysis and Software
Substitution cipher
In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting in which units of plaintext are replaced with the ciphertext, in a defined manner, with the help of a key; the "units" may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth.
See Frequency analysis and Substitution cipher
The Adventure of the Dancing Men
"The Adventure of the Dancing Men" is a Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle as one of 13 stories in the cycle published as The Return of Sherlock Holmes in 1905.
See Frequency analysis and The Adventure of the Dancing Men
The Gold-Bug
"The Gold-Bug" is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe published in 1843.
See Frequency analysis and The Gold-Bug
Trigram
Trigrams are a special case of the ''n''-gram, where n is 3.
See Frequency analysis and Trigram
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.
See Frequency analysis and United Kingdom
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
See Frequency analysis and United States
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
See Frequency analysis and World War II
Zipf's law
Zipf's law is an empirical law that often holds, approximately, when a list of measured values is sorted in decreasing order. Frequency analysis and Zipf's law are Quantitative linguistics.
See Frequency analysis and Zipf's law
See also
Frequency distribution
- Contingency table
- Cumulative frequency analysis
- Frequency (statistics)
- Frequency analysis
- Histogram
- Large number of rare events
- Letter frequency
- Price-Jones curve
- Probability distribution fitting
Quantitative linguistics
- Acceptability judgment task
- Adversarial stylometry
- Arabic letter frequency
- Augustus De Morgan
- Behaghel's laws
- Brevity law
- Chinese character frequency
- Code stylometry
- Dialectometry
- Frequency analysis
- General Service List
- George Kingsley Zipf
- Gestalt pattern matching
- Glottochronology
- Historical glottometry
- Historical linguistics
- Letter frequency
- Levenshtein distance
- Lexicostatistics
- Linguistic distance
- Menzerath's law
- Quantitative comparative linguistics
- Quantitative linguistics
- Scrabble letter distributions
- Semantic compression
- Stylometry
- Swadesh list
- Synergetic linguistics
- Text analysis
- William Palin Elderton
- Word list
- Zipf's law
- Zipf–Mandelbrot law
References
Also known as Etaoi, Frequency analysis (cryptanalysis), Letter frequency analysis.