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177 relations: Adam Roberts (scholar), Administrative division of the Polish People's Republic, AFL–CIO, Alina Pienkowska, Alliance for Workers' Liberty, American Solidarity Party, Anna Walentynowicz, Anti-bureaucratic revolution, Anti-communism, Anti-Stalinist left, Arthur Scargill, Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship, Świętochłowice, Świdnik, BBC, Białystok, Białystok Voivodeship (1975–98), Bielsko-Biała, Blue law, Brigham Young University, Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz Voivodeship, Catholic Church, Catholic social teaching, Central Europe, Chełm, Christian democracy, Civil resistance, Cold War, Colin Barker, Communist party, Communist state, Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, Conference of Solidarity Support Organizations, Craft unionism, Częstochowa, Daniel Singer (journalist), Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Eastern Bloc, Eastern Europe, Elbląg, European Parliament, European Solidarity Centre, European Trade Union Confederation, Executive (government), Exile, Fighting Solidarity, Gdańsk, Gdańsk Agreement, ..., Gdańsk Shipyard, Gdańsk Voivodeship, Gorzów Wielkopolski, H. Cegielski – Poznań, Henry Hyde, Hungarian Revolution of 1956, Hungarian Solidarity Movement, Industrial unionism, Industrial Workers of the World, International Trade Union Confederation, Janusz Śniadek, Jastrzębie-Zdrój strikes, Jelenia Góra, Jerzy Popiełuszko, Jimmy Carter, Julian Marchlewski, June 1976 protests, Kalisz, Karl Marx, Katowice, Katowice Voivodeship, Kielce, Kielce Voivodeship, Konin, Koszalin, Koszalin Voivodeship, Kraków, Kraków Voivodeship, Krosno, Labor rights, Law and Justice, Lech Wałęsa, Legislature, Legnica, Leszek Kołakowski, Leszno, Liberalism, Lublin, Lublin 1980 strikes, Lublin Voivodeship, Marian Krzaklewski, Martial law in Poland, Mateusz Morawiecki, Movement for Defense of Human and Civic Rights, National Coordinating Commission, National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain), Nonviolence, Nowa Huta, Olsztyn, Olsztyn Voivodeship, One Big Union (concept), Opole, Opole Voivodeship, Ozimek, Pafawag, Patheos, Płock, Pesa SA, Piła, Piotr Gliński, Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland, Polish legislative election, 1989, Polish parliamentary election, 1997, Polish parliamentary election, 2001, Polish People's Republic, Polish Round Table Agreement, Polish United Workers' Party, Political repression, Pope John Paul II, Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945, Poznań, Poznań Voivodeship, Prague Spring, President of Poland, Prime Minister of Poland, Przemyśl, PZL, Radom, Reagan Doctrine, Republicanism, Revolution, Revolutions of 1989, Ryszard Kukliński, Rzeszów, Rzeszów Voivodeship, Samizdat, Słupsk, Social change, Social movement, Solidarity Electoral Action, Solidarnost, Sollicitudo rei socialis, Soviet Union, Stalowa Wola, Summer 1981 hunger demonstrations in Poland, Sunday shopping, Szczecin, Szczecin Shipyard, Szczecin Voivodeship, Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Tadeusz Sendzimir Steelworks, Timothy Garton Ash, Tony Judt, Toruń, Trade union, Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD, UK miners' strike (1984–85), United States, University of California Press, Ursus Factory, Warsaw, Warsaw Pact, Warsaw Voivodeship (1975–98), Włocławek, WIEM Encyklopedia, Wojciech Jaruzelski, Workers' Defence Committee, Wrocław, Wrocław Voivodeship (1975–98), Wujek Coal Mine, Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra Voivodeship (1975–98), 1970 Polish protests, 1981 warning strike in Poland, 1982 demonstrations in Poland, 1988 Polish strikes. Expand index (127 more) »
Adam Roberts (scholar)
Sir Adam Roberts (born 29 August 1940) is Emeritus Professor of International Relations at Oxford University, a senior research fellow in Oxford University's Department of Politics and International Relations, and an emeritus fellow of Balliol College, Oxford.
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Administrative division of the Polish People's Republic
Administrative division of Polish People's Republic was subject to several reforms.
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AFL–CIO
The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) is the largest federation of unions in the United States.
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Alina Pienkowska
Alina Pienkowska (born 12 January 1952 in Gdańsk, died 17 October 2002, Gdańsk; her surname is often misspelt as Pieńkowska) was a Polish free trade union activist and a Senator for Gdańsk (1991–1993, Solidarity Parliamentary Club).
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Alliance for Workers' Liberty
The Alliance for Workers' Liberty (AWL), also known as Workers' Liberty, is a Trotskyist group in Britain.
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American Solidarity Party
The American Solidarity Party (ASP) is a Christian democratic political party in the United States.
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Anna Walentynowicz
Anna Walentynowicz (15 August 1929 – 10 April 2010) was a Polish free trade union activist and co-founder of Solidarity, the first non-communist trade union in the Eastern Bloc.
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Anti-bureaucratic revolution
The Anti-bureaucratic revolution was a campaign of street protests ran between 1986 and 1989 in former Yugoslavia by supporters of Serbian leader Slobodan Milošević.
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Anti-communism
Anti-communism is opposition to communism.
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Anti-Stalinist left
The anti-Stalinist left comprises various kinds of left-wing politics critical of Joseph Stalin, of Stalinism as a political philosophy, and of the actual system of governance Stalin implemented as dictator of the Soviet Union.
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Arthur Scargill
Arthur Scargill (born 11 January 1938) is a British trade unionist.
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Łódź
Łódź (לאדזש, Lodzh; also written as Lodz) is the third-largest city in Poland and an industrial hub.
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Łódź Voivodeship
Łódź Voivodeship (also known as Łódź Province, or by its Polish name, województwo łódzkie) is a province (voivodeship) in central Poland.
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Świętochłowice
Świętochłowice (Schwientochlowitz; Śwjyntochlowicy) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice.
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Świdnik
Świdnik is a municipality in eastern Poland with 40,186 inhabitants (2012), situated in the Lublin Voivodeship, southeast of the city of Lublin.
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BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.
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Białystok
Białystok (Bielastok, Balstogė, Belostok, Byalistok) is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship.
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Białystok Voivodeship (1975–98)
See also: Białystok Voivodeship (1919–39) and Białystok Voivodeship Białystok Voivodeship (Województwo białostockie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1975 to 1998, when it was superseded by the Podlaskie Voivodeship.
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Bielsko-Biała
Bielsko-Biała (Bílsko-Bělá; Bielitz-Biala) is a city in Southern Poland with the population of approximately 174,000 (December 2013).
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Blue law
Blue laws, also known as Sunday laws, are laws designed to restrict or ban some or all Sunday activities for religious reasons, particularly to promote the observance of a day of worship or rest.
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Brigham Young University
Brigham Young University (BYU, sometimes referred to colloquially as The Y) is a private, non-profit research university in Provo, Utah, United States completely owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormon Church) and run under the auspices of its Church Educational System.
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Bydgoszcz
Bydgoszcz (Bromberg; Bydgostia) is a city in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers.
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Bydgoszcz Voivodeship
Bydgoszcz Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Catholic social teaching
Catholic social teaching is the Catholic doctrines on matters of human dignity and common good in society.
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Central Europe
Central Europe is the region comprising the central part of Europe.
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Chełm
Chełm (Kulm, Холм) is a city in eastern Poland with 63,949 inhabitants (2015).
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Christian democracy
Christian democracy is a political ideology that emerged in nineteenth-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching, as well as Neo-Calvinism.
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Civil resistance
Civil resistance is political action that relies on the use of nonviolent resistance by civil groups to challenge a particular power, force, policy or regime.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Colin Barker
Colin Barker (born 1939) is a British sociologist as well as a Marxist historian and writer.
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Communist party
A communist party is a political party that advocates the application of the social and economic principles of communism through state policy.
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Communist state
A Communist state (sometimes referred to as workers' state) is a state that is administered and governed by a single party, guided by Marxist–Leninist philosophy, with the aim of achieving communism.
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Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (National Confederation of Labour; CNT) is a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labour unions, which was long affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT).
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Conference of Solidarity Support Organizations
Conference of Solidarity Support Organizations (CSSO) was an international organization of national groups that supported the trade union Solidarnosc and human rights in Poland during the final years of the Polish People's Republic.
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Craft unionism
Craft unionism refers to a model of trade unionism in which workers are organised based on the particular craft or trade in which they work.
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Częstochowa
Częstochowa,, is a city in southern Poland on the Warta River with 240,027 inhabitants as of June 2009.
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Daniel Singer (journalist)
Daniel Singer (26 September 1926 – 2 December 2000) was a socialist writer and journalist.
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Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.
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Eastern Bloc
The Eastern Bloc was the group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact.
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Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent.
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Elbląg
Elbląg (Elbing; Old Prussian: Elbings) is a city in northern Poland on the eastern edge of the Żuławy region with 124,257 inhabitants (December 31, 2011).
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European Parliament
The European Parliament (EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU).
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European Solidarity Centre
The European Solidarity Centre (Europejskie Centrum Solidarności) is a museum and library in Gdańsk, Poland, devoted to the history of Solidarity, the Polish trade union and civil resistance movement, and other opposition movements of Communist Eastern Europe.
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European Trade Union Confederation
The European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) is the major trade union organisation representing workers at European level.
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Executive (government)
The executive is the organ exercising authority in and holding responsibility for the governance of a state.
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Exile
To be in exile means to be away from one's home (i.e. city, state, or country), while either being explicitly refused permission to return or being threatened with imprisonment or death upon return.
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Fighting Solidarity
Fighting Solidarity (Solidarność Walcząca) was a Polish anti-communist underground organization, founded in June 1982.
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Gdańsk
Gdańsk (Danzig) is a Polish city on the Baltic coast.
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Gdańsk Agreement
The Gdańsk Agreement (or Gdańsk Social Accord(s) or August Agreement(s), Porozumienia sierpniowe) was an accord reached as a direct result of the strikes that took place in Gdańsk, Poland.
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Gdańsk Shipyard
Gdańsk Shipyard (Stocznia Gdańskа, formerly Lenin Shipyard) is a large Polish shipyard, located in the city of Gdańsk.
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Gdańsk Voivodeship
The name Gdańsk Voivodeship has been used twice to designate local governments in Poland.
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Gorzów Wielkopolski
Gorzów Wielkopolski (abbreviated Gorzów Wlkp.; Landsberg an der Warthe; Łącbarg) is a city in western Poland, on the Warta river.
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H. Cegielski – Poznań
H.
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Henry Hyde
Henry John Hyde (April 18, 1924 – November 29, 2007), an American politician, was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 2007, representing the 6th District of Illinois, an area of Chicago's northwestern suburbs which included O'Hare International Airport.
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Hungarian Revolution of 1956
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956, or Hungarian Uprising of 1956 (1956-os forradalom or 1956-os felkelés), was a nationwide revolt against the Marxist-Leninist government of the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies, lasting from 23 October until 10 November 1956.
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Hungarian Solidarity Movement
The Hungarian Solidarity Movement (SOLIDARITY) (Magyar Szolidaritás Mozgalom, SZOLIDARITÁS) is an independent political movement in Hungary, which was founded in 2011, against the Cabinet of Orbán.
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Industrial unionism
Industrial unionism is a labour union organizing method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union—regardless of skill or trade—thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more leverage in bargaining and in strike situations.
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Industrial Workers of the World
The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), members of which are commonly termed "Wobblies", is an international labor union that was founded in 1905 in Chicago, Illinois in the United States of America.
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International Trade Union Confederation
The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC; Confédération syndicale internationale (CSI); Internationaler Gewerkschaftsbund (IGB); Confederación Sindical Internacional (CSI)) is the world's largest trade union federation.
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Janusz Śniadek
Janusz Śniadek (born 26 May 1955 in Sopot) is a Polish labor and political leader who was Chairman of Solidarity in the years 2002-2010.
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Jastrzębie-Zdrój strikes
The Jastrzębie-Zdrój 1980 strikes were widespread strikes, which took place mostly in the Upper Silesian mining city of Jastrzębie-Zdrój and its surroundings, in late August and early September 1980.
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Jelenia Góra
Jelenia Góra (Hirschberg im Riesengebirge; Exonym: Deer Mountain) is a city in Lower Silesia, south-western Poland.
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Jerzy Popiełuszko
Blessed Jerzy Popiełuszko (14 September 1947 – 19 October 1984) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest who became associated with the opposition Solidarity trade union in communist Poland.
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Jimmy Carter
James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981.
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Julian Marchlewski
Julian Baltazar Marchlewski (17 May 1866 – 22 March 1925) was a Polish communist.
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June 1976 protests
June 1976 is the name of a series of protests and demonstrations in People's Republic of Poland.
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Kalisz
Kalisz (Old Greek: Καλισία, Latin: Calisia, Yiddish: קאַליש, Kalisch) is a city in central Poland with 101,625 inhabitants (December 2017), the capital city of the Kalisz Region.
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Karl Marx
Karl MarxThe name "Karl Heinrich Marx", used in various lexicons, is based on an error.
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Katowice
Katowice (Katowicy; Kattowitz; officially Miasto Katowice) is a city in southern Poland, with a population of 297,197 and the center of the Silesian Metropolis, with a population of 2.2 million.
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Katowice Voivodeship
Katowice Voivodeship (województwo katowickie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by the Silesian Voivodeship.
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Kielce
Kielce is a city in south central Poland with 199,475 inhabitants.
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Kielce Voivodeship
Kielce Voivodeship (województwo kieleckie) is a former unit of administrative division and the local government in Poland.
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Konin
Konin is a city in central Poland, on the Warta River.
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Koszalin
Koszalin ((Köslin, Kòszalëno), is a city in Western Pomerania in north-western Poland. It is located south of the Baltic Sea coast, and intersected by the river Dzierżęcinka. Koszalin is also a county-status city and capital of Koszalin County of West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999. Previously, it was a capital of Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1998). The current mayor of Koszalin is Piotr Jedliński.
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Koszalin Voivodeship
Koszalin Voivodeship (2) – a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–98, superseded by West Pomeranian Voivodeship.
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Kraków
Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.
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Kraków Voivodeship
Kraków Voivodeship, (Województwo krakowskie) refers to several historical Voivodeships of Poland in the surrounding regions, with the city of Kraków as its capital.
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Krosno
Krosno (in full The Royal Free City of Krosno, Królewskie Wolne Miasto Krosno) is a town and county in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland with 47,140 inhabitants (Metro: 115,617), as of 30 June 2014.
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Labor rights
Labor rights or workers' rights are a group of legal rights and claimed human rights having to do with labor relations between workers and their employers, usually obtained under labor and employment law.
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Law and Justice
Law and Justice (Polish), abbreviated to PiS, is a national-conservative, and Christian democratic political party in Poland.
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Lech Wałęsa
Lech Wałęsa (born 29 September 1943) is a retired Polish politician and labour activist.
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Legislature
A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city.
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Legnica
Legnica (archaic Polish: Lignica, Liegnitz, Lehnice, Lignitium) is a city in southwestern Poland, in the central part of Lower Silesia, on the Kaczawa River (left tributary of the Oder) and the Czarna Woda.
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Leszek Kołakowski
Leszek Kołakowski (23 October 1927 – 17 July 2009) was a Polish philosopher and historian of ideas.
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Leszno
Leszno (Lissa, between 1800 and 1918 also called Polnisch Lissa or Lissa in Posen) is a town in western Poland with 64,612 inhabitants (2014).
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Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equality.
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Lublin
Lublin (Lublinum) is the ninth largest city in Poland and the second largest city of Lesser Poland.
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Lublin 1980 strikes
The Lublin 1980 strikes (also known as Lublin July, Lubelski Lipiec) were the series of workers' strikes in the area of the eastern city of Lublin (People's Republic of Poland), demanding better salaries and lower prices of food products.
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Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship, or Lublin Province (in Polish, województwo lubelskie), is a voivodeship, or province, located in southeastern Poland.
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Marian Krzaklewski
Marian Krzaklewski (born 23 August 1950 in Kolbuszowa) is a Polish politician.
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Martial law in Poland
Martial law in Poland (Stan wojenny w Polsce) refers to the period of time from December 13, 1981 to July 22, 1983, when the authoritarian communist government of the Polish People's Republic drastically restricted normal life by introducing martial law in an attempt to crush political opposition.
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Mateusz Morawiecki
Mateusz Jakub Morawiecki (born 20 June 1968) is a Polish politician, manager, banker, economist, lawyer, historian who is currently the Prime Minister of Poland.
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Movement for Defense of Human and Civic Rights
Movement for Defense of Human and Civic Rights (Ruch Obrony Praw Człowieka i Obywatela, ROPCiO) was a right-wing political and social organization formed in People's Republic of Poland in March 1977.
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National Coordinating Commission
National Coordinating Commission (Polish: Krajowa Komisja Porozumiewawcza, KKP), later called the National Commission (Komisja Krajowa, KK) was the executive branch of the Solidarity trade union.
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National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)
The National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) is a trade union for coal miners in Great Britain, formed in 1945 from the Miners' Federation of Great Britain (MFGB).
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Nonviolence
Nonviolence is the personal practice of being harmless to self and others under every condition.
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Nowa Huta
Nowa Huta (literally The New Steel Mill) is the easternmost district of Kraków, Poland.
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Olsztyn
Olsztyn (Allenstein; Old Polish: Holstin; Old Prussian: Alnāsteini or Alnestabs; Alnaštynas, Alnštynas, Alštynas (historical) and Olštynas (modern)) is a city on the Łyna River in northeastern Poland.
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Olsztyn Voivodeship
Olsztyn Voivodeship was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.
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One Big Union (concept)
The One Big Union was an idea in the late 19th and early 20th centuries amongst trade unionists to unite the interests of workers and offer solutions to all labour problems.
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Opole
Opole (Oppeln, Silesian German: Uppeln, Uopole, Opolí) is a city located in southern Poland on the Oder River and the historical capital of Upper Silesia.
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Opole Voivodeship
Opole Voivodeship, or Opole Province (województwo opolskie, Woiwodschaft Oppeln), is the smallest and least populated voivodeship (province) of Poland.
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Ozimek
Ozimek (Malapane) is a town in Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, Poland, with 10,040 inhabitants (2004).
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Pafawag
Pafawag (Państwowa Fabryka Wagonów) (English: National Rail Carriage Factory) is a Polish locomotive manufacturer based in Wrocław.
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Patheos
Patheos is a non-denominational, non-partisan online media company providing information and commentary from various religious and nonreligious perspectives.
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Płock
Płock (pronounced) is a city on the Vistula river in central Poland.
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Pesa SA
Pesa (Pojazdy Szynowe Pesa Bydgoszcz) is a company manufacturing railway vehicles based in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Piła
Piła (Schneidemühl) is a town in northwestern Poland.
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Piotr Gliński
Piotr Tadeusz Gliński (born 20 April 1954) is a Polish sociologist, professor, university lecturer and politician.
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Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski (also known by alternative names) is a city in central Poland with 74,694 inhabitants (2016).
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Polish legislative election, 1989
The Polish legislative election of 1989 was the tenth election to the Sejm, the parliament of the Polish People's Republic, and the first election to the recreated Senate of Poland.
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Polish parliamentary election, 1997
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 21 September 1997.
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Polish parliamentary election, 2001
The 2001 Polish parliamentary election was held on 23 September 2001 to elect deputies to both houses of the National Assembly.
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Polish People's Republic
The Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1990 under the Soviet-backed socialist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II.
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Polish Round Table Agreement
The Polish Round Table Talks took place in Warsaw, Poland from 6 February to 5 April 1989.
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Polish United Workers' Party
The Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP; Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, PZPR) was the Communist party which governed the Polish People's Republic from 1948 to 1989.
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Political repression
Political repression is the persecution of an individual or group within society for political reasons, particularly for the purpose of restricting or preventing their ability to take part in the political life of a society thereby reducing their standing among their fellow citizens.
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Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II (Ioannes Paulus II; Giovanni Paolo II; Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła;; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) served as Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005.
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Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945
Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 is a 2005 non-fiction book written by British historian and scholar Tony Judt who specialised in European history.
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Poznań
Poznań (Posen; known also by other historical names) is a city on the Warta River in west-central Poland, in the Greater Poland region.
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Poznań Voivodeship
Poznań Voivodeship was the name of several former administrative regions (województwo, rendered as voivodeship and usually translated as "province") in Poland, centered on the city of Poznań, although the exact boundaries changed over the years.
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Prague Spring
The Prague Spring (Pražské jaro, Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union after World War II.
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President of Poland
The President of the Republic of Poland (Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, shorter form: Prezydent RP) is the head of state of Poland.
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Prime Minister of Poland
The President of the Council of Ministers (Polish: Prezes Rady Ministrów), colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister of Poland (Polish: Premier Polski), is the leader of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland.
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Przemyśl
Przemyśl (Premissel, Peremyshl, Перемишль less often Перемишель) is a city in south-eastern Poland with 66,756 inhabitants, as of June 2009.
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PZL
PZL (Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze - State Aviation Works) was the main Polish aerospace manufacturer of the interwar period, based in Warsaw, functioning in 1928-1939.
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Radom
Radom (ראָדעם Rodem) is a city in east-central Poland with 219,703 inhabitants (2013).
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Reagan Doctrine
The Reagan Doctrine was a strategy orchestrated and implemented by the United States under the Reagan Administration to overwhelm the global influence of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Cold War.
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Republicanism
Republicanism is an ideology centered on citizenship in a state organized as a republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty.
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Revolution
In political science, a revolution (Latin: revolutio, "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolt against the government, typically due to perceived oppression (political, social, economic).
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Revolutions of 1989
The Revolutions of 1989 formed part of a revolutionary wave in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond.
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Ryszard Kukliński
Ryszard Jerzy Kukliński (June 13, 1930February 11, 2004) was a Polish colonel and Cold War spy for NATO.
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Rzeszów
Rzeszów (Ряшiв, Ŕašiv; Resche (antiquated); Resovia; ריישע, rayshe) is the largest city in southeastern Poland, with a population of 189,637 (01.03.2018).
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Rzeszów Voivodeship
Rzeszów Voivodeship can refer to one of two political entities in Poland: Rzeszów Voivodeship (1) was a unit of administrative division and local government from 1975 to 1998, superseded by Podkarpackie Voivodeship.
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Samizdat
Samizdat was a form of dissident activity across the Eastern bloc in which individuals reproduced censored and underground publications by hand and passed the documents from reader to reader.
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Słupsk
Słupsk (Stolp; also known by several alternative names) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, with a population of 98,757.
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Social change
Social change is an alteration in the social order of a society.
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Social movement
A social movement is a type of group action.
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Solidarity Electoral Action
Solidarity Electoral Action (Akcja Wyborcza Solidarność, AWS) was a political party coalition in Poland.
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Solidarnost
Solidarnost (Солидарность, Russian for "Solidarity", named after the Polish Solidarność) is a Russian liberal democratic political movement founded on 13 December 2008 by a number of well-known members of the liberal democratic opposition, including Garry Kasparov, Boris Nemtsov and others from the Yabloko and Union of Right Forces (which had just merged with two pro-Kremlin parties, the Democratic Party of Russia and Civilian Power, to form the pro-Kremlin liberal democratic Right Cause) parties, leaders of the Dissenters March events, the Committee 2008, the People's Democratic Union, the United Civil Front, The Other Russia and other politicians and political groups.
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Sollicitudo rei socialis
Sollicitudo rei socialis (Latin: The social concern) is an encyclical promulgated by Pope John Paul II on 30 December 1987, on the twentieth anniversary of Populorum progressio.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Stalowa Wola
Stalowa Wola is the largest city and capital of Stalowa Wola County with a population of 64,353 inhabitants, as of June 2008.
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Summer 1981 hunger demonstrations in Poland
In mid-1981, amid widespread economic crisis and food shortages, thousands of Poles, mainly women and their children, took part in several hunger demonstrations, organized in cities and towns across the country.
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Sunday shopping
Sunday shopping or Sunday trading refers to the ability of retailers to operate stores on Sunday, a day that Christian tradition typically recognises as a day of rest.
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Szczecin
Szczecin (German and Swedish Stettin), known also by other alternative names) is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major seaport and Poland's seventh-largest city. As of June 2011, the population was 407,811. Szczecin is located on the Oder, south of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Bay of Pomerania. The city is situated along the southwestern shore of Dąbie Lake, on both sides of the Oder and on several large islands between the western and eastern branches of the river. Szczecin is adjacent to the town of Police and is the urban centre of the Szczecin agglomeration, an extended metropolitan area that includes communities in the German states of Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The city's recorded history began in the 8th century as a Slavic Pomeranian stronghold, built at the site of the Ducal castle. In the 12th century, when Szczecin had become one of Pomerania's main urban centres, it lost its independence to Piast Poland, the Duchy of Saxony, the Holy Roman Empire and Denmark. At the same time, the House of Griffins established themselves as local rulers and the population was Christianized. After the Treaty of Stettin in 1630, the town came under the control of the Swedish Empire and became in 1648 the Capital of Swedish Pomerania until 1720, when it was acquired by the Kingdom of Prussia and then the German Empire. Following World War II Stettin became part of Poland, resulting in expulsion of the German population. Szczecin is the administrative and industrial centre of West Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the site of the University of Szczecin, Pomeranian Medical University, Maritime University, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Art Academy, and the see of the Szczecin-Kamień Catholic Archdiocese. From 1999 onwards, Szczecin has served as the site of the headquarters of NATO's Multinational Corps Northeast. Szczecin was a candidate for the European Capital of Culture in 2016.
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Szczecin Shipyard
Szczecin Shipyard or New Szczecin Shipyard (Polish: Stocznia Szczecińska Nowa) was a shipyard in the city of Szczecin, Poland.
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Szczecin Voivodeship
Szczecin Voivodeship (1) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by West Pomeranian Voivodeship.
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Tadeusz Mazowiecki
Tadeusz Mazowiecki; (18 April 1927 – 28 October 2013) was a Polish author, journalist, philanthropist and Christian-democratic politician, formerly one of the leaders of the Solidarity movement, and the first non-communist Polish prime minister since 1946.
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Tadeusz Sendzimir Steelworks
Tadeusz Sendzimir Steelworks (Huta im.) is the second largest steel plant in Poland.
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Timothy Garton Ash
Timothy Garton Ash CMG FRSA (born 12 July 1955) is a British historian, author and commentator.
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Tony Judt
Tony Robert Judt, FBA (2 January 1948 – 6 August 2010) was a English-American historian, essayist and university professor who specialised in European history.
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Toruń
Toruń (Thorn) is a city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River.
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Trade union
A trade union or trades union, also called a labour union (Canada) or labor union (US), is an organization of workers who have come together to achieve many common goals; such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, and attaining better wages, benefits (such as vacation, health care, and retirement), and working conditions through the increased bargaining power wielded by the creation of a monopoly of the workers.
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Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD
The Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD (TUAC) is the interface of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) with organized labour.TUAC has 59 affiliated trade union centres in 31 OECD countries, representing more than 66 million workers.
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UK miners' strike (1984–85)
The miners' strike of 1984–85 was a major industrial action to shut down the British coal industry in an attempt to prevent colliery closures.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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University of California Press
University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
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Ursus Factory
The Ursus Factory is a Polish producer of agricultural machinery located in Lublin.
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Warsaw
Warsaw (Warszawa; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland.
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Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact, formally known as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defence treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe during the Cold War.
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Warsaw Voivodeship (1975–98)
Warszawa Voivodeship (województwo warszawskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975–1998, superseded by Masovian Voivodeship.
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Włocławek
Włocławek (Leslau) is a city located in central Poland along the Vistula (Wisła) River and is bordered by the Gostynińsko-Włocławski Park Krajobrazowy.
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WIEM Encyklopedia
WIEM Encyklopedia (full name in Wielka Interaktywna Encyklopedia Multimedialna - "Great Interactive Multimedia Encyclopedia"; 'wiem' in the Polish language also means "I know") is a Polish Internet encyclopedia.
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Wojciech Jaruzelski
Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski (6 July 1923 – 25 May 2014) was a Polish military officer and politician.
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Workers' Defence Committee
The Workers' Defense Committee (Komitet Obrony Robotników, KOR) was a Polish civil society group that was founded by Antoni Macierewicz to give aid to prisoners and their families after the June 1976 protests and ensuing government crackdown.
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Wrocław
Wrocław (Breslau; Vratislav; Vratislavia) is the largest city in western Poland.
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Wrocław Voivodeship (1975–98)
Wroclaw Voivodeship (województwo wrocławskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975–1998, superseded by Lower Silesian Voivodeship.
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Wujek Coal Mine
Wujek Coal Mine (Polish: Kopalnia Wujek) is a coal mine in Katowice, Poland.
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Zielona Góra
Zielona Góra (Grünberg in Schlesien) is the largest city in Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, with 138,512 inhabitants (2015).
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Zielona Góra Voivodeship (1975–98)
Zielona Góra Voivodeship (województwo zielonogórskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975–1998, superseded by Lubusz Voivodeship.
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1970 Polish protests
The Polish 1970 protests (Grudzień 1970) occurred in northern Poland in December 1970.
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1981 warning strike in Poland
In the early spring of 1981, the quickly growing Solidarity movement faced one of the biggest challenges in its short history, when during the Bydgoszcz events, several members of Solidarity, including Jan Rulewski, Mariusz Łabentowicz and Roman Bartoszcze, were brutally beaten up by the security services, such as Milicja Obywatelska and ZOMO.
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1982 demonstrations in Poland
1982 demonstrations in Poland refers to anti-government street demonstrations organized by underground Solidarity to commemorate the second anniversary of the Gdańsk Agreement.
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1988 Polish strikes
The 1988 Polish strikes were a massive wave of workers' strikes which broke out in 1988 in the Polish People's Republic.
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Redirects here:
Independent Self, Independent Self-Governing Trade Union Solidarity, Independent Self-governing Trade Union "Solidarity", NSZZ Solidarity, Niezalezny Samorzad Zwiazków Zawodowych Solidarnosc, Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy "Solidarność", Solidarinosc, Solidariność, Solidarity (Poland), Solidarity (movement), Solidarity Movement, Solidarity in Poland, Solidarnosc, Solidarnosć, Solidarnośc, Solidarność.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)
