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Three-body problem

Index Three-body problem

In physics, specifically classical mechanics, the three-body problem involves taking the initial positions and velocities (or momenta) of three point masses that orbit each other in space and calculating their subsequent trajectories using Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 123 relations: Alain Chenciner, Alexis Clairaut, Amerigo Vespucci, Angular momentum, Annals of Mathematics, Annals of Physics, Augustin-Louis Cauchy, Black hole, Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem, Celestial mechanics, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, Center of mass, Central configuration, Chaos theory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Classical mechanics, Closed-form expression, Coulomb's law, Cristopher Moore, Current Science, Differential equation, Dynamical system, Earth, Effective potential, Efimov state, Electron, Event horizon, Existence theorem, Few-body systems, Finland, Florin Diacu, Galaxy, Galaxy cluster, Galaxy formation and evolution, Galileo Galilei, General relativity, George William Hill, Gravitational constant, Gravity, Gravity assist, Hamiltonian mechanics, Harmonic oscillator, Helium, Helium atom, Henri Poincaré, Horseshoe orbit, Icarus (journal), Indiana University Mathematics Journal, Initial condition, Integrable system, ... Expand index (73 more) »

Alain Chenciner

Alain Chenciner (born 23 October 1943, in Villeneuve-sur-Lot) is a French mathematician, specializing in dynamical systems with applications to celestial mechanics.

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Alexis Clairaut

Alexis Claude Clairaut (13 May 1713 – 17 May 1765) was a French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist.

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Amerigo Vespucci

Amerigo Vespucci (9 March 1451 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Florence, from whose name the term "America" is derived.

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Angular momentum

Angular momentum (sometimes called moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is the rotational analog of linear momentum.

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Annals of Mathematics

The Annals of Mathematics is a mathematical journal published every two months by Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study.

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Annals of Physics

Annals of Physics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of physics.

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Augustin-Louis Cauchy

Baron Augustin-Louis Cauchy (France:, ; 21 August 1789 – 23 May 1857) was a French mathematician, engineer, and physicist.

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Black hole

A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light and other electromagnetic waves, is capable of possessing enough energy to escape it.

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Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem

In mathematics, the Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem (also written as the Cauchy–Kowalevski theorem) is the main local existence and uniqueness theorem for analytic partial differential equations associated with Cauchy initial value problems.

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Celestial mechanics

Celestial mechanics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the motions of objects in outer space. Three-body problem and Celestial mechanics are classical mechanics.

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Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy

Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy is a scientific journal covering the fields of astronomy and astrophysics.

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Center of mass

In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space (sometimes referred to as the barycenter or balance point) is the unique point at any given time where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero. Three-body problem and center of mass are classical mechanics.

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Central configuration

In celestial mechanics, a central configuration is a system of point masses with the property that each mass is pulled by the combined gravitational force of the system directly towards the center of mass, with acceleration proportional to its distance from the center. Three-body problem and central configuration are classical mechanics and orbits.

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Chaos theory

Chaos theory is an interdisciplinary area of scientific study and branch of mathematics. Three-body problem and Chaos theory are mathematical physics.

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Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is the national academy for natural sciences and the highest consultancy for science and technology of the People's Republic of China.

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Classical mechanics

Classical mechanics is a physical theory describing the motion of objects such as projectiles, parts of machinery, spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies.

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Closed-form expression

In mathematics, an expression is in closed form if it is formed with constants, variables and a finite set of basic functions connected by arithmetic operations (and integer powers) and function composition.

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Coulomb's law

Coulomb's inverse-square law, or simply Coulomb's law, is an experimental law of physics that calculates the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest.

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Cristopher Moore

Cristopher David Moore, known as Cris Moore, (born March 12, 1968, in New Brunswick, New Jersey), retrieved 2023-05-31.

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Current Science

Current Science is an English-language peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.

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Differential equation

In mathematics, a differential equation is an equation that relates one or more unknown functions and their derivatives.

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Dynamical system

In mathematics, a dynamical system is a system in which a function describes the time dependence of a point in an ambient space, such as in a parametric curve. Three-body problem and dynamical system are dynamical systems.

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Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

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Effective potential

The effective potential (also known as effective potential energy) combines multiple, perhaps opposing, effects into a single potential.

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Efimov state

The Efimov effect is an effect in the quantum mechanics of few-body systems predicted by the Russian theoretical physicist V. N. Efimov in 1970.

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Electron

The electron (or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge.

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Event horizon

In astrophysics, an event horizon is a boundary beyond which events cannot affect an observer.

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Existence theorem

In mathematics, an existence theorem is a theorem which asserts the existence of a certain object.

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Few-body systems

In mechanics, a few-body system consists of a small number of well-defined structures or point particles. Three-body problem and few-body systems are classical mechanics.

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Finland

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.

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Florin Diacu

Florin Nicolae Diacu (April 24, 1959 – February 13, 2018) was a Romanian Canadian mathematician and author.

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Galaxy

A galaxy is a system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity.

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Galaxy cluster

A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity, with typical masses ranging from 1014 to 1015 solar masses.

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Galaxy formation and evolution

The study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies.

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Galileo Galilei

Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei or simply Galileo, was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath.

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General relativity

General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity and Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics.

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George William Hill

George William Hill (March 3, 1838 – April 16, 1914) was an American astronomer and mathematician.

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Gravitational constant

The gravitational constant is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity.

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Gravity

In physics, gravity is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things that have mass.

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Gravity assist

A gravity assist, gravity assist maneuver, swing-by, or generally a gravitational slingshot in orbital mechanics, is a type of spaceflight flyby which makes use of the relative movement (e.g. orbit around the Sun) and gravity of a planet or other astronomical object to alter the path and speed of a spacecraft, typically to save propellant and reduce expense.

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Hamiltonian mechanics

In physics, Hamiltonian mechanics is a reformulation of Lagrangian mechanics that emerged in 1833. Three-body problem and Hamiltonian mechanics are classical mechanics, dynamical systems and mathematical physics.

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Harmonic oscillator

In classical mechanics, a harmonic oscillator is a system that, when displaced from its equilibrium position, experiences a restoring force F proportional to the displacement x: \vec F.

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Helium

Helium (from lit) is a chemical element; it has symbol He and atomic number 2.

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Helium atom

A helium atom is an atom of the chemical element helium.

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Henri Poincaré

Jules Henri Poincaré (29 April 185417 July 1912) was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science.

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Horseshoe orbit

In celestial mechanics, a horseshoe orbit is a type of co-orbital motion of a small orbiting body relative to a larger orbiting body.

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Icarus (journal)

ICARUS is a scientific journal dedicated to the field of planetary science.

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Indiana University Mathematics Journal

The Indiana University Mathematics Journal is a journal of mathematics published by Indiana University.

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Initial condition

In mathematics and particularly in dynamic systems, an initial condition, in some contexts called a seed value, is a value of an evolving variable at some point in time designated as the initial time (typically denoted t.

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Integrable system

In mathematics, integrability is a property of certain dynamical systems. Three-body problem and Integrable system are dynamical systems.

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Inverse-square law

In science, an inverse-square law is any scientific law stating that the observed "intensity" of a specified physical quantity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity.

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Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher.

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Jean le Rond d'Alembert

Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert (16 November 1717 – 29 October 1783) was a French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist.

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Johannes Kepler

Johannes Kepler (27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music.

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John Harrison

John Harrison (– 24 March 1776) was an English carpenter and clockmaker who invented the marine chronometer, a long-sought-after device for solving the problem of calculating longitude while at sea.

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Joseph-Louis Lagrange

Joseph-Louis Lagrange (born Giuseppe Luigi Lagrangia, Encyclopædia Britannica or Giuseppe Ludovico De la Grange Tournier; 25 January 1736 – 10 April 1813), also reported as Giuseppe Luigi Lagrange or Lagrangia, was an Italian mathematician, physicist and astronomer, later naturalized French.

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Karl F. Sundman

Karl Frithiof Sundman (28 October 1873, in Kaskinen – 28 September 1949, in Helsinki) was a Finnish mathematician who used analytic methods to prove the existence of a convergent infinite series solution to the three-body problem in two papers published in 1907 and 1909.

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Kepler orbit

In celestial mechanics, a Kepler orbit (or Keplerian orbit, named after the German astronomer Johannes Kepler) is the motion of one body relative to another, as an ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola, which forms a two-dimensional orbital plane in three-dimensional space. Three-body problem and Kepler orbit are orbits.

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Lagrange point

In celestial mechanics, the Lagrange points (also Lagrangian points or libration points) are points of equilibrium for small-mass objects under the gravitational influence of two massive orbiting bodies.

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Lebesgue measure

In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, the Lebesgue measure, named after French mathematician Henri Lebesgue, is the standard way of assigning a measure to subsets of higher dimensional Euclidean ''n''-spaces.

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Leonhard Euler

Leonhard Euler (15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician, and engineer who founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as analytic number theory, complex analysis, and infinitesimal calculus.

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Liao Shijun

Liao Shijun (born September 15, 1963) is a fluid mechanics and applied mathematics expert working in homotopy analysis method (HAM), nonlinear waves, nonlinear dynamics, and applied mathematics.

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Limit cycle

In mathematics, in the study of dynamical systems with two-dimensional phase space, a limit cycle is a closed trajectory in phase space having the property that at least one other trajectory spirals into it either as time approaches infinity or as time approaches negative infinity. Three-body problem and limit cycle are dynamical systems.

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Low-energy transfer

A low-energy transfer, or low-energy trajectory, is a route in space that allows spacecraft to change orbits using significantly less fuel than traditional transfers.

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Lunar theory

Lunar theory attempts to account for the motions of the Moon.

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Marine chronometer

A marine chronometer is a precision timepiece that is carried on a ship and employed in the determination of the ship's position by celestial navigation.

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Mercury (planet)

Mercury is the first planet from the Sun and the smallest in the Solar System.

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Michael Minovitch

Michael Andrew Minovitch (1936 - 16 September 2022) was an American mathematician who developed gravity assist technique when he was a UCLA graduate student and working summers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

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Michel Hénon

Michel Hénon (23 July 1931, Paris – 7 April 2013, Nice) was a French mathematician and astronomer.

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Momentum

In Newtonian mechanics, momentum (momenta or momentums; more specifically linear momentum or translational momentum) is the product of the mass and velocity of an object.

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Moon

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.

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N-body problem

In physics, the -body problem is the problem of predicting the individual motions of a group of celestial objects interacting with each other gravitationally. Three-body problem and n-body problem are classical mechanics and orbits.

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N-body simulation

In physics and astronomy, an N-body simulation is a simulation of a dynamical system of particles, usually under the influence of physical forces, such as gravity (see ''n''-body problem for other applications).

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Neural network

A neural network is a group of interconnected units called neurons that send signals to one another.

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Newton's law of universal gravitation

Newton's law of universal gravitation says that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

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Newton's laws of motion

Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. Three-body problem and Newton's laws of motion are classical mechanics.

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Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center.

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Numerical analysis

Numerical analysis is the study of algorithms that use numerical approximation (as opposed to symbolic manipulations) for the problems of mathematical analysis (as distinguished from discrete mathematics). Three-body problem and numerical analysis are mathematical physics.

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Numerical integration

In analysis, numerical integration comprises a broad family of algorithms for calculating the numerical value of a definite integral.

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Numerical method

In numerical analysis, a numerical method is a mathematical tool designed to solve numerical problems.

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Numerical relativity

Numerical relativity is one of the branches of general relativity that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems.

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Perturbation (astronomy)

In astronomy, perturbation is the complex motion of a massive body subjected to forces other than the gravitational attraction of a single other massive body. Three-body problem and perturbation (astronomy) are dynamical systems.

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Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica

Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (English: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) often referred to as simply the Principia, is a book by Isaac Newton that expounds Newton's laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation.

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Physical Review

Physical Review is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1893 by Edward Nichols.

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Physical Review Letters

Physical Review Letters (PRL), established in 1958, is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal that is published 52 times per year by the American Physical Society.

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Physics

Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.

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Point particle

A point particle, ideal particle or point-like particle (often spelled pointlike particle) is an idealization of particles heavily used in physics. Three-body problem and point particle are classical mechanics.

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Power series

In mathematics, a power series (in one variable) is an infinite series of the form \sum_^\infty a_n \left(x - c\right)^n.

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Puiseux series

In mathematics, Puiseux series are a generalization of power series that allow for negative and fractional exponents of the indeterminate.

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Qiudong Wang

Qiudong Wang is a professor at the Department of Mathematics, the University of Arizona.

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Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms.

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Random walk

In mathematics, a random walk, sometimes known as a drunkard's walk, is a stochastic process that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space.

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Regularization (physics)

In physics, especially quantum field theory, regularization is a method of modifying observables which have singularities in order to make them finite by the introduction of a suitable parameter called the regulator.

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Renaissance

The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Renormalization group

In theoretical physics, the term renormalization group (RG) refers to a formal apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different scales. Three-body problem and renormalization group are mathematical physics.

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Roger A. Broucke

Roger A. Broucke (March 25, 1932 – June 21, 2005) was an aerospace engineer known for his solutions to the three-body problem.

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Rotating reference frame

A rotating frame of reference is a special case of a non-inertial reference frame that is rotating relative to an inertial reference frame. Three-body problem and rotating reference frame are classical mechanics.

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Santa Fe Institute

The Santa Fe Institute (SFI) is an independent, nonprofit theoretical research institute located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States and dedicated to the multidisciplinary study of the fundamental principles of complex adaptive systems, including physical, computational, biological, and social systems.

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Scattering

In physics, scattering is a wide range of physical processes where moving particles or radiation of some form, such as light or sound, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities (including particles and radiation) in the medium through which they pass.

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Scholarpedia

Scholarpedia is an English-language wiki-based online encyclopedia with features commonly associated with open-access online academic journals, which aims to have quality content in science and medicine.

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ScienceAlert

ScienceAlert is an independently run online publication and news source that publishes articles featuring scientific research, discoveries, and outcomes.

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Scientific American

Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.

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SciTech (magazine)

SciTechDaily is a popular science website, containing sections on space, physics, biology, technology and chemistry.

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Simon Stevin

Simon Stevin (1548–1620), sometimes called Stevinus, was a Flemish mathematician, scientist and music theorist.

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Sitnikov problem

The Sitnikov problem is a restricted version of the three-body problem named after Russian mathematician Kirill Alexandrovitch Sitnikov that attempts to describe the movement of three celestial bodies due to their mutual gravitational attraction. Three-body problem and Sitnikov problem are classical mechanics and orbits.

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Special right triangle

A special right triangle is a right triangle with some regular feature that makes calculations on the triangle easier, or for which simple formulas exist.

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Star system

A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction.

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Sun

The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

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Symplectic integrator

In mathematics, a symplectic integrator (SI) is a numerical integration scheme for Hamiltonian systems.

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The Astrophysical Journal

The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of astrophysics and astronomy, established in 1895 by American astronomers George Ellery Hale and James Edward Keeler.

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The Mathematical Intelligencer

The Mathematical Intelligencer is a mathematical journal published by Springer Science+Business Media that aims at a conversational and scholarly tone, rather than the technical and specialist tone more common among academic journals.

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The Three-Body Problem (novel)

The Three-Body Problem is a 2008 novel by the Chinese science fiction author Liu Cixin.

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Three-body problem

In physics, specifically classical mechanics, the three-body problem involves taking the initial positions and velocities (or momenta) of three point masses that orbit each other in space and calculating their subsequent trajectories using Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation. Three-body problem and three-body problem are Chaotic maps, classical mechanics, dynamical systems, equations of astronomy, mathematical physics and orbits.

See Three-body problem and Three-body problem

Trigonometric series

In mathematics, a trigonometric series is an infinite series of the form where x is the variable and \ and \ are coefficients.

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Two-body problem

In classical mechanics, the two-body problem is to predict the motion of two massive objects which are abstractly viewed as point particles. Three-body problem and two-body problem are dynamical systems and orbits.

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Two-body problem in general relativity

The two-body problem in general relativity (or relativistic two-body problem) is the determination of the motion and gravitational field of two bodies as described by the field equations of general relativity.

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Two-dimensional point vortex gas

The two-dimensional point vortex gas is a discrete particle model used to study turbulence in two-dimensional ideal fluids.

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Tycho Brahe

Tycho Brahe (born Tyge Ottesen Brahe,; 14 December 154624 October 1601), generally called Tycho for short, was a Danish astronomer of the Renaissance, known for his comprehensive and unprecedentedly accurate astronomical observations.

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Venus

Venus is the second planet from the Sun.

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Victor Szebehely

Victor G. Szebehely (August 21, 1921 – September 13, 1997) was a key figure in the development and success of the Apollo program.

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Vitaly Efimov

Vitaly N. Efimov (Russian: Вита́лий Никола́евич Ефи́мов) is a Russian theoretical physicist.

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Vortex

In fluid dynamics, a vortex (vortices or vortexes) is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be straight or curved.

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3 Body Problem (TV series)

3 Body Problem is an American science fiction television series created by David Benioff, D. B. Weiss and Alexander Woo.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-body_problem

Also known as 3 body problem, 3-body problem, CR3BP, Circular restricted three-body problem, Constant-pattern solution, Earth-Moon-Sun system, Problem of Three Bodies, Restricted 3 body problem, Restricted three body problem, Restricted three-body problem, Shape sphere, Sundman's theorem for the 3-body problem, Three Body Problem.

, Inverse-square law, Isaac Newton, Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Johannes Kepler, John Harrison, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Karl F. Sundman, Kepler orbit, Lagrange point, Lebesgue measure, Leonhard Euler, Liao Shijun, Limit cycle, Low-energy transfer, Lunar theory, Marine chronometer, Mercury (planet), Michael Minovitch, Michel Hénon, Momentum, Moon, N-body problem, N-body simulation, Neural network, Newton's law of universal gravitation, Newton's laws of motion, Nicolaus Copernicus, Numerical analysis, Numerical integration, Numerical method, Numerical relativity, Perturbation (astronomy), Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Physical Review, Physical Review Letters, Physics, Point particle, Power series, Puiseux series, Qiudong Wang, Quantum mechanics, Random walk, Regularization (physics), Renaissance, Renormalization group, Roger A. Broucke, Rotating reference frame, Santa Fe Institute, Scattering, Scholarpedia, ScienceAlert, Scientific American, SciTech (magazine), Simon Stevin, Sitnikov problem, Special right triangle, Star system, Sun, Symplectic integrator, The Astrophysical Journal, The Mathematical Intelligencer, The Three-Body Problem (novel), Three-body problem, Trigonometric series, Two-body problem, Two-body problem in general relativity, Two-dimensional point vortex gas, Tycho Brahe, Venus, Victor Szebehely, Vitaly Efimov, Vortex, 3 Body Problem (TV series).